Pub Date : 2022-03-11DOI: 10.1080/15538362.2022.2046527
Siddhi V. Baskaware, M. Deodhar
ABSTRACT Genus Garcinia shows high diversity of sexual systems; most of them are dioecious in nature. The other reported sexual systems of Garcinia include gynodioecious, androdioecious, monoecious, and andromonoecious. Garcinia indica (Thouars) Choisy was reported as facultative apomictic polygamodioecious species. There is a large diversity in floral types. Hence, a detailed study of various floral types found on different types of plants of G. indica and to correlate its functionality with sexual reproduction was undertaken. The study at Kokum Plot, BSSKVV, Dapoli, revealed that the male plants could be categorized into four types – androecious, functional males, andromonoecious, and hermaphrodites. The female plants displayed large variation in number and viability of stamens/staminodes. Each category showed significant difference in phenology, floral morphology and pollen types. In December, the percentage of staminate flowers (79.13 ± 2.93%) in androecious trees was significantly higher than functional males (58.61 ± 8.60%) or andromonoecious trees (56.36 ± 2.77%) (p ≤ .01). As female plants started flowering, all male morphotypes bore significantly higher numbers of staminate flowers and carpellate flowers were significantly reduced. Pollen viability was highest in androecious flowers at 90.11 ± 1.10% and lowest at 64.70 ± 2.09% in hermaphrodite trees. Earlier studies reported female flowers bore well-developed female gametophyte, but the embryo development was not observed. Thus, the fruit formation might be apomictic, but in present embryological investigation; more than 60% of female and andromonoecious flowers, a well-developed embryo was formed between 8 and 24 h after anthesis. Thus, the embryo formation might be sexual or apomictic. Floral types favoring sexual reproduction are essential for conservation of highly endemic species.
{"title":"Study of Various Floral Types on Different Plants of Garcinia indica (Thouars) Choisy and Correlation of Its Functionality in Sexual Reproduction","authors":"Siddhi V. Baskaware, M. Deodhar","doi":"10.1080/15538362.2022.2046527","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15538362.2022.2046527","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Genus Garcinia shows high diversity of sexual systems; most of them are dioecious in nature. The other reported sexual systems of Garcinia include gynodioecious, androdioecious, monoecious, and andromonoecious. Garcinia indica (Thouars) Choisy was reported as facultative apomictic polygamodioecious species. There is a large diversity in floral types. Hence, a detailed study of various floral types found on different types of plants of G. indica and to correlate its functionality with sexual reproduction was undertaken. The study at Kokum Plot, BSSKVV, Dapoli, revealed that the male plants could be categorized into four types – androecious, functional males, andromonoecious, and hermaphrodites. The female plants displayed large variation in number and viability of stamens/staminodes. Each category showed significant difference in phenology, floral morphology and pollen types. In December, the percentage of staminate flowers (79.13 ± 2.93%) in androecious trees was significantly higher than functional males (58.61 ± 8.60%) or andromonoecious trees (56.36 ± 2.77%) (p ≤ .01). As female plants started flowering, all male morphotypes bore significantly higher numbers of staminate flowers and carpellate flowers were significantly reduced. Pollen viability was highest in androecious flowers at 90.11 ± 1.10% and lowest at 64.70 ± 2.09% in hermaphrodite trees. Earlier studies reported female flowers bore well-developed female gametophyte, but the embryo development was not observed. Thus, the fruit formation might be apomictic, but in present embryological investigation; more than 60% of female and andromonoecious flowers, a well-developed embryo was formed between 8 and 24 h after anthesis. Thus, the embryo formation might be sexual or apomictic. Floral types favoring sexual reproduction are essential for conservation of highly endemic species.","PeriodicalId":14014,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Fruit Science","volume":"783 1","pages":"383 - 401"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2022-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78849638","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-11DOI: 10.1080/15538362.2022.2047137
Maryam Dorostkar, F. Moradinezhad, E. Ansarifar
ABSTRACT After harvest, higher respiration rate in apricots limit their postharvest with extensive losses in fruit quality. Therefore, effect of different pre-storage treatment of modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) were studied on the shelf life and quality of apricot cv. ‘Shahroudi’ fruit. Experimental treatments were control (air), and active MAP includes: MAP1 (10% O2/20% CO2), MAP2 (20% O2/10% CO2), MAP3 (5% O2/80% CO2), MAP4 (80% O2/5% CO2) and MAP5 (40% O2/20% CO2), all treatments were balanced by N2. After 6 days of pre-storage treatments, fruits were unpacked, repacked and then were stored at 2°C and 85% relative humidity for 28 days. Results indicated that MAP5 and MAP3 treatments significantly reduced weight loss and total soluble solids, and maintained fruit hardness in comparison with other treatments. High CO2 treatment improved postharvest traits of apricot. Interestingly, high CO2 in combination with high O2 (active MAP5) improved the sensory evaluation as scored the best treatment by panelists, and also maintained better chemical properties such as total phenolic compounds, total carotenoids, and vitamin C. In addition, shelf life of fruit in active MAP5 (29.6 days) significantly extended followed by active MAP3 (27.6 days), compared to control (14.6 days) without signs of decay until the end of the storage period. Overall, it can be concluded that the pre-storage treatment of fresh apricot fruit in an atmosphere with high O2 (40%) and CO2 (20%) concentrations had a positive effect on the post-harvest quality attributes and shelf life of apricot cultivar ‘Shahroudi,’ and can be suggested as an effective and practical method to prolong its postharvest life.
{"title":"Influence of Active Modified Atmosphere Packaging Pre-treatment on Shelf Life and Quality Attributes of Cold Stored Apricot Fruit","authors":"Maryam Dorostkar, F. Moradinezhad, E. Ansarifar","doi":"10.1080/15538362.2022.2047137","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15538362.2022.2047137","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT After harvest, higher respiration rate in apricots limit their postharvest with extensive losses in fruit quality. Therefore, effect of different pre-storage treatment of modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) were studied on the shelf life and quality of apricot cv. ‘Shahroudi’ fruit. Experimental treatments were control (air), and active MAP includes: MAP1 (10% O2/20% CO2), MAP2 (20% O2/10% CO2), MAP3 (5% O2/80% CO2), MAP4 (80% O2/5% CO2) and MAP5 (40% O2/20% CO2), all treatments were balanced by N2. After 6 days of pre-storage treatments, fruits were unpacked, repacked and then were stored at 2°C and 85% relative humidity for 28 days. Results indicated that MAP5 and MAP3 treatments significantly reduced weight loss and total soluble solids, and maintained fruit hardness in comparison with other treatments. High CO2 treatment improved postharvest traits of apricot. Interestingly, high CO2 in combination with high O2 (active MAP5) improved the sensory evaluation as scored the best treatment by panelists, and also maintained better chemical properties such as total phenolic compounds, total carotenoids, and vitamin C. In addition, shelf life of fruit in active MAP5 (29.6 days) significantly extended followed by active MAP3 (27.6 days), compared to control (14.6 days) without signs of decay until the end of the storage period. Overall, it can be concluded that the pre-storage treatment of fresh apricot fruit in an atmosphere with high O2 (40%) and CO2 (20%) concentrations had a positive effect on the post-harvest quality attributes and shelf life of apricot cultivar ‘Shahroudi,’ and can be suggested as an effective and practical method to prolong its postharvest life.","PeriodicalId":14014,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Fruit Science","volume":"5 1","pages":"402 - 413"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2022-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79764035","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-09DOI: 10.1080/15538362.2022.2039342
D. Omayio, G. Abong’, M. Okoth, C. Gachuiri, A. Mwangombe
ABSTRACT Despite Kenya’s favorable climate for both exotic and indigenous commercial guava production, neglect has limited research on the fruits’ physicochemical and processing qualities. The white-fleshed, red/pink-fleshed guava, and, to a lesser extent, strawberry guavas that grow in different agroecological zones are the most common Kenyan varieties. The purpose of this study was to determine the physicochemical properties and processing qualities of the common Kenyan guava fruits. A completely randomized study design was used to profile the fruits' physicochemical composition and processing qualities. Approximately 1000kg of the red and white-fleshed guava fruits and 150 kg of strawberry guavas were procured in duplicates from randomly selected trees in farms within Taita Taveta and Kitui counties. These were pooled into respective varieties and subjected to triplicate batches for the analysis of physicochemical and processing qualities. The fruits had distinct flesh colors and sizes that varied significantly (p<0.05), with shapes ranging from oval to round to pear-shaped. The chemical composition of the fruits varied significantly (p<0.05), with a PCA biplot explaining approximately 58% of the variability due to intra (61%) and inter (39%) varietal differences. The strawberry guava’s vitamin C levels were significantly (p=0.0001) lower than the red and white guavas’, at 164.11±11.85, 1365.15± 50.56 and 1665.56±126.50 mg100−1g, respectively. The white-fleshed guavas, on the other hand, were low in β-carotenes (0.04±0.06 mg100−1g) in comparison to the red-fleshed (1.98±0.62mg100−1g) and strawberry guava (1.55 ± 0.30mg100−1g). The strawberry guavas had significantly (p<0.05) higher mineral and total flavonoids contents whereas the total phenolics (1649.14±329.70mgGAE100−1g) and antioxidant activities (1989.14±383.47µMTE100−1g) were significantly (p=0.048) higher in the red-fleshed guava. While strawberry production would be a processing constraint, the red-fleshed guavas had significantly (p<0.05) higher beta-carotene, phytochemicals, and minerals than the white, and therefore best suited for processing.
{"title":"Physicochemical and Processing Qualities of Guava Varieties in Kenya","authors":"D. Omayio, G. Abong’, M. Okoth, C. Gachuiri, A. Mwangombe","doi":"10.1080/15538362.2022.2039342","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15538362.2022.2039342","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Despite Kenya’s favorable climate for both exotic and indigenous commercial guava production, neglect has limited research on the fruits’ physicochemical and processing qualities. The white-fleshed, red/pink-fleshed guava, and, to a lesser extent, strawberry guavas that grow in different agroecological zones are the most common Kenyan varieties. The purpose of this study was to determine the physicochemical properties and processing qualities of the common Kenyan guava fruits. A completely randomized study design was used to profile the fruits' physicochemical composition and processing qualities. Approximately 1000kg of the red and white-fleshed guava fruits and 150 kg of strawberry guavas were procured in duplicates from randomly selected trees in farms within Taita Taveta and Kitui counties. These were pooled into respective varieties and subjected to triplicate batches for the analysis of physicochemical and processing qualities. The fruits had distinct flesh colors and sizes that varied significantly (p<0.05), with shapes ranging from oval to round to pear-shaped. The chemical composition of the fruits varied significantly (p<0.05), with a PCA biplot explaining approximately 58% of the variability due to intra (61%) and inter (39%) varietal differences. The strawberry guava’s vitamin C levels were significantly (p=0.0001) lower than the red and white guavas’, at 164.11±11.85, 1365.15± 50.56 and 1665.56±126.50 mg100−1g, respectively. The white-fleshed guavas, on the other hand, were low in β-carotenes (0.04±0.06 mg100−1g) in comparison to the red-fleshed (1.98±0.62mg100−1g) and strawberry guava (1.55 ± 0.30mg100−1g). The strawberry guavas had significantly (p<0.05) higher mineral and total flavonoids contents whereas the total phenolics (1649.14±329.70mgGAE100−1g) and antioxidant activities (1989.14±383.47µMTE100−1g) were significantly (p=0.048) higher in the red-fleshed guava. While strawberry production would be a processing constraint, the red-fleshed guavas had significantly (p<0.05) higher beta-carotene, phytochemicals, and minerals than the white, and therefore best suited for processing.","PeriodicalId":14014,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Fruit Science","volume":"111 1","pages":"329 - 345"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2022-03-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83199246","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-04DOI: 10.1080/15538362.2022.2038341
Umut Ateş, A. Islam, B. Ozturk, Erdal Aglar, O. Karakaya, Sefa Gun
ABSTRACT The effect of Aloe vera application (33% and 66% as dipping, AV) on ‘Bluecrop’ blueberry’s (Vaccinium corymbosum) quality properties such as weight loss, respiration rate, fruit color, soluble solids content (SSC), acidity, phytochemical components (vitamin C, total phenolics, and total flavonoids) and antioxidant activity was investigated during the cold storage (at 0 ± 0.5°C and 90 ± 5% RH) for 28 days. During cold storage, significantly lower weight loss was recorded in fruit treated with AV compared to control. At the end of the cold storage, the weight loss was 20% lower in AV treated fruits and AV concentration was not effective in weight loss. On the contrary, the respiration rate (except for the 7th day) and fruit firmness were higher in these fruit. It was observed that color changes were less in AV-treated fruit during storage. In general, AV-treated fruit had significantly lower SSC, while acidity and vitamin C were higher. Moreover, 66% AV application was more effective in delaying the loss of vitamin C at the end of storage. During cold storage, 33% AV-treated fruit had significantly higher total phenolics (except day 28) and total flavonoids content compared to control. In the last two measurements of the cold storage, it was determined that fruit dipped in AV had higher antioxidant activity (both DPPH and FRAP assays) compared to control fruit. As a result, it was revealed that postharvest AV gel applications can be used as an effective postharvest tool to delay the loss of quality, the loss of phytochemical components and antioxidant activity of the blueberry fruit.
{"title":"Changes in Quality Traits and Phytochemical Components of Blueberry (Vaccinium Corymbosum Cv. Bluecrop) Fruit in Response to Postharvest Aloe Vera Treatment","authors":"Umut Ateş, A. Islam, B. Ozturk, Erdal Aglar, O. Karakaya, Sefa Gun","doi":"10.1080/15538362.2022.2038341","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15538362.2022.2038341","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The effect of Aloe vera application (33% and 66% as dipping, AV) on ‘Bluecrop’ blueberry’s (Vaccinium corymbosum) quality properties such as weight loss, respiration rate, fruit color, soluble solids content (SSC), acidity, phytochemical components (vitamin C, total phenolics, and total flavonoids) and antioxidant activity was investigated during the cold storage (at 0 ± 0.5°C and 90 ± 5% RH) for 28 days. During cold storage, significantly lower weight loss was recorded in fruit treated with AV compared to control. At the end of the cold storage, the weight loss was 20% lower in AV treated fruits and AV concentration was not effective in weight loss. On the contrary, the respiration rate (except for the 7th day) and fruit firmness were higher in these fruit. It was observed that color changes were less in AV-treated fruit during storage. In general, AV-treated fruit had significantly lower SSC, while acidity and vitamin C were higher. Moreover, 66% AV application was more effective in delaying the loss of vitamin C at the end of storage. During cold storage, 33% AV-treated fruit had significantly higher total phenolics (except day 28) and total flavonoids content compared to control. In the last two measurements of the cold storage, it was determined that fruit dipped in AV had higher antioxidant activity (both DPPH and FRAP assays) compared to control fruit. As a result, it was revealed that postharvest AV gel applications can be used as an effective postharvest tool to delay the loss of quality, the loss of phytochemical components and antioxidant activity of the blueberry fruit.","PeriodicalId":14014,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Fruit Science","volume":"28 1 1","pages":"303 - 316"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2022-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89112436","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-04DOI: 10.1080/15538362.2022.2041149
J. Jacinto, Tomás Magalhães, P. Oliveira, C. Oliveira, Francisco Luz, C. Trindade, T. Valdiviesso
ABSTRACT The wild dioecious plant Corema album, endemic to the Atlantic coast of the Iberian Peninsula, has potential to become a new crop and to integrate the berry fruit market. Due to its potential, the aim of this study was to propose a BBCH (Biologische Bundesanstalt, Bundessortenamt and CHemical Industry) scale for the species. Based on field observation, the principal growth stages were described and sequentially established. Photographs and stereomicroscope acquisition software were used to illustrate the phenological stages of male and female plants. The scale includes seven principal stages starting with bud development (stage 0), followed by leaf development (Stage 1), main stem elongation (Stage 3), inflorescence emergence (Stage 5), flowering (Stage 6), fruit development (Stage 7) and ending with fruit maturation (stage 8), with mesostages for male and female inflorescence (stage 5) and flower development (stage 6). Through field observations carried out in plants in different growth conditions, the proposition of this extended BBCH scale was made, to have a standardized system for Corema album phenological stages. This study will have an application especially in fields of agronomy and plant breeding and will also be a stepping stone for the inclusion of this species as a novelty crop in a nearby future.
伊比利亚半岛大西洋沿岸特有的野生雄雄异株植物Corema album有潜力成为一种新作物并整合浆果果实市场。由于其潜力，本研究的目的是为该物种提出一个BBCH (Biologische Bundesanstalt, Bundessortenamt and CHemical Industry)规模。在田间观察的基础上，对其主要生长阶段进行了描述和顺序确定。利用照片和体视显微镜采集软件对雌雄植株的物候阶段进行了描述。该尺度包括七个主要阶段，从芽发育(第0阶段)开始，接着是叶片发育(第1阶段)，主茎伸长(第3阶段)，花序出芽(第5阶段)，开花(第6阶段)，果实发育(第7阶段)，最后是果实成熟(第8阶段)，中间阶段是雌雄花序(第5阶段)和花发育(第6阶段)。通过对不同生长条件下的植物进行实地观察，提出这个扩展的BBCH量表，是为了对Corema唱片物候阶段有一个标准化的系统。该研究将在农学和植物育种领域具有重要的应用价值，并将为该物种在不久的将来作为一种新型作物纳入研究奠定基础。
{"title":"Corema album (L.) D. Don Phenological Growth Stages according to Extended BBCH Scale","authors":"J. Jacinto, Tomás Magalhães, P. Oliveira, C. Oliveira, Francisco Luz, C. Trindade, T. Valdiviesso","doi":"10.1080/15538362.2022.2041149","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15538362.2022.2041149","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The wild dioecious plant Corema album, endemic to the Atlantic coast of the Iberian Peninsula, has potential to become a new crop and to integrate the berry fruit market. Due to its potential, the aim of this study was to propose a BBCH (Biologische Bundesanstalt, Bundessortenamt and CHemical Industry) scale for the species. Based on field observation, the principal growth stages were described and sequentially established. Photographs and stereomicroscope acquisition software were used to illustrate the phenological stages of male and female plants. The scale includes seven principal stages starting with bud development (stage 0), followed by leaf development (Stage 1), main stem elongation (Stage 3), inflorescence emergence (Stage 5), flowering (Stage 6), fruit development (Stage 7) and ending with fruit maturation (stage 8), with mesostages for male and female inflorescence (stage 5) and flower development (stage 6). Through field observations carried out in plants in different growth conditions, the proposition of this extended BBCH scale was made, to have a standardized system for Corema album phenological stages. This study will have an application especially in fields of agronomy and plant breeding and will also be a stepping stone for the inclusion of this species as a novelty crop in a nearby future.","PeriodicalId":14014,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Fruit Science","volume":"41 1","pages":"317 - 328"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2022-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88746935","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-02-21DOI: 10.1080/15538362.2022.2037037
A. M. Pinheiro, G. Maia, R. Figueiredo, Henriette MC Azeredo, Luciana de Siqueira Oliveira, Maria de Fátima G Silva, L. M. Silva, P. H. M. Sousa
ABSTRACT There is a growing market for beverages made with mixed fruits, mainly tropical ones. The objective of this work was to develop blended nectars based on açai and cashew apple pulps and to evaluate them by using sensory consumer tests according to a response surface methodology. Nine formulations were prepared by using different total pulp concentrations and açai-to-cashew apple pulp ratios. The formulation with 30.0% of total pulp and an açai-to-cashew apple pulp ratio of 0.84 (that is to say, 13.7% of açai pulp and 16.3% of cashew apple pulp) was the most accepted by consumers (lowest pulp assayed). This mixed nectar showed high vitamin C and anthocyanin contents, and exhibited an attractive dark violet color, suggesting potential commercial success. The data obtained in this study can be used for large-scale production of new mixed fruit nectars, which suggests that they may represent an exciting option for consumers.
{"title":"Response surface methodology optimization of blended fruit nectar: cashew apple and açai","authors":"A. M. Pinheiro, G. Maia, R. Figueiredo, Henriette MC Azeredo, Luciana de Siqueira Oliveira, Maria de Fátima G Silva, L. M. Silva, P. H. M. Sousa","doi":"10.1080/15538362.2022.2037037","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15538362.2022.2037037","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT There is a growing market for beverages made with mixed fruits, mainly tropical ones. The objective of this work was to develop blended nectars based on açai and cashew apple pulps and to evaluate them by using sensory consumer tests according to a response surface methodology. Nine formulations were prepared by using different total pulp concentrations and açai-to-cashew apple pulp ratios. The formulation with 30.0% of total pulp and an açai-to-cashew apple pulp ratio of 0.84 (that is to say, 13.7% of açai pulp and 16.3% of cashew apple pulp) was the most accepted by consumers (lowest pulp assayed). This mixed nectar showed high vitamin C and anthocyanin contents, and exhibited an attractive dark violet color, suggesting potential commercial success. The data obtained in this study can be used for large-scale production of new mixed fruit nectars, which suggests that they may represent an exciting option for consumers.","PeriodicalId":14014,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Fruit Science","volume":"1 1","pages":"275 - 286"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2022-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88634124","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-02-21DOI: 10.1080/15538362.2022.2037039
P. Gago, S. Boso, J. Santiago, J. Soler, R. Peiró, Julio García, C. Jiménez, C. Gisbert, María-Carmen Martínez
ABSTRACT Grapevine cultivation is of historic importance arround the Mediterranean basin. The Spanish Levant is an area of notable grapevine diversity, where ancient varieties destined for producing wine, table grapes and raisins can still be found. For some of these neglected varieties, however, no complete description has ever been made; current legislation does not, therefore, allow their commercial use. The botanical characterization of old varieties is an important step toward their identification and can also help to clarify synonymies and homonymies, problems very commonly encountered with this crop. The present work provides ampelographic descriptions of seven genotypes for which microsatellite marker profiles were already available, and discusses the possible origins of their names, as well as instances of synonymy and homonymy. Seven accessions of ancient grapevine genotypes from the Spanish Levant were subjected to in situ ampelographic analysis following official methods. The characteristics of their leaves, bunches and berries were recorded. The ampelographic descriptions made in the present work provide insight into the history of cultivation of the examined genotypes and would pave the way for their inclusion in the Spanish national catalog, which would allow their commercial use. The information gathered on the possible origin of these genotypes’ names, and instances of synonymy and homonymy, enriches our knowledge of this recovered germplasm. The present results contribute toward our understanding of Europe’s grapevine genetic diversity, and highlight the need to conserve it.
{"title":"Characterization of Grapevine Genetic Resources in the Comunitat Valenciana (Spain)","authors":"P. Gago, S. Boso, J. Santiago, J. Soler, R. Peiró, Julio García, C. Jiménez, C. Gisbert, María-Carmen Martínez","doi":"10.1080/15538362.2022.2037039","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15538362.2022.2037039","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Grapevine cultivation is of historic importance arround the Mediterranean basin. The Spanish Levant is an area of notable grapevine diversity, where ancient varieties destined for producing wine, table grapes and raisins can still be found. For some of these neglected varieties, however, no complete description has ever been made; current legislation does not, therefore, allow their commercial use. The botanical characterization of old varieties is an important step toward their identification and can also help to clarify synonymies and homonymies, problems very commonly encountered with this crop. The present work provides ampelographic descriptions of seven genotypes for which microsatellite marker profiles were already available, and discusses the possible origins of their names, as well as instances of synonymy and homonymy. Seven accessions of ancient grapevine genotypes from the Spanish Levant were subjected to in situ ampelographic analysis following official methods. The characteristics of their leaves, bunches and berries were recorded. The ampelographic descriptions made in the present work provide insight into the history of cultivation of the examined genotypes and would pave the way for their inclusion in the Spanish national catalog, which would allow their commercial use. The information gathered on the possible origin of these genotypes’ names, and instances of synonymy and homonymy, enriches our knowledge of this recovered germplasm. The present results contribute toward our understanding of Europe’s grapevine genetic diversity, and highlight the need to conserve it.","PeriodicalId":14014,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Fruit Science","volume":"21 3","pages":"287 - 302"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2022-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72620663","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-02-17DOI: 10.1080/15538362.2022.2036669
Seyedeh Marzieh Madani, S. Piri, S. Sedaghathoor
ABSTRACT Citrus growth is often constrained by salinity, but citrus rootstocks respond to salinity differently. A greenhouse study was carried out in a completely randomized design with three cultivars of mandarin (‘Younesi,’ ‘Clementine,’ and ‘Yashar’) and four levels of salinity (control, 1, 3, and 5 dS/m) in three replications to explore the mechanism by which salinity stress affects photosynthetic and growth factors of mandarin cultivars. After applying salinity treatments, shoot fresh and dry weight, root fresh and dry weight, branch number, leaf number, plant height, leaf and root potassium (K), sodium (Na), and calcium (Ca) contents, chlorophyll content, proline content, leaf nitrogen, and protein content, electrolyte leakage, and sugar content were measured. The results showed that salinity stress reduced vegetative and photosynthetic factors in all three cultivars. Root and leaf K and Na contents, chlorophyll a, total chlorophyll, proline content, electrolyte leakage, and sugar and protein contents were affected by cultivars. Salinity affected root and leaf K and Na contents, chlorophyll a and b and total chlorophyll contents, proline, and electrolyte leakage significantly. The interaction of cultivar and salinity was also significant on chlorophyll a and total chlorophyll contents, leaf N and protein contents, and electrolyte leakage. Salinity stress reduced vegetative and photosynthesis factors of all three cultivars.
{"title":"The Response of Three Mandarin Cultivars Grafted on Sour Orange Rootstock to Salinity Stress","authors":"Seyedeh Marzieh Madani, S. Piri, S. Sedaghathoor","doi":"10.1080/15538362.2022.2036669","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15538362.2022.2036669","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Citrus growth is often constrained by salinity, but citrus rootstocks respond to salinity differently. A greenhouse study was carried out in a completely randomized design with three cultivars of mandarin (‘Younesi,’ ‘Clementine,’ and ‘Yashar’) and four levels of salinity (control, 1, 3, and 5 dS/m) in three replications to explore the mechanism by which salinity stress affects photosynthetic and growth factors of mandarin cultivars. After applying salinity treatments, shoot fresh and dry weight, root fresh and dry weight, branch number, leaf number, plant height, leaf and root potassium (K), sodium (Na), and calcium (Ca) contents, chlorophyll content, proline content, leaf nitrogen, and protein content, electrolyte leakage, and sugar content were measured. The results showed that salinity stress reduced vegetative and photosynthetic factors in all three cultivars. Root and leaf K and Na contents, chlorophyll a, total chlorophyll, proline content, electrolyte leakage, and sugar and protein contents were affected by cultivars. Salinity affected root and leaf K and Na contents, chlorophyll a and b and total chlorophyll contents, proline, and electrolyte leakage significantly. The interaction of cultivar and salinity was also significant on chlorophyll a and total chlorophyll contents, leaf N and protein contents, and electrolyte leakage. Salinity stress reduced vegetative and photosynthesis factors of all three cultivars.","PeriodicalId":14014,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Fruit Science","volume":"31 1","pages":"264 - 274"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2022-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86951341","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-02-10DOI: 10.1080/15538362.2021.2023065
H. N. Murthy, Dayanand Dalawai, Irappa Arer, Prashant Karadakatti, Kaneez Hafiz
ABSTRACT Diospyros chloroxylon is the indigenous fruit of the Indian subcontinent and both unripe and ripe fruits are eaten by tribal people. The present study explores the nutritional status of Diospyros chloroxylon fruits. Unripe and ripe fruits were rich in fat, protein, carbohydrate, ash, fiber, and minerals. The energy levels of unripe, ripe fruits, and seeds were 93.78, 133.93, and 96.16 Kcal/100 g, respectively. Ripe fruits were also rich in phenolics (4.64 mg GAE/g DW) and flavonoids (1.62 mg QE/ g DW). Acetone, methanol, and water extracts of unripe, ripe fruits and seeds displayed potent free radical scavenging properties. The seeds of D. chloroxylon possess 3.16% oil and it contains oleic acid (39.91%) and palmitic acid (28.06%) as major fatty acids.
摘要氯氧锡兰是印度次大陆的原生水果，其成熟和未成熟的果实都是印度部落居民的食物。本研究探讨了氯氧梭果实的营养状况。未成熟和成熟的水果都富含脂肪、蛋白质、碳水化合物、灰分、纤维和矿物质。未成熟果实、成熟果实和种子的能量水平分别为93.78、133.93和96.16 Kcal/100 g。成熟果实还富含酚类物质(4.64 mg GAE/g DW)和类黄酮(1.62 mg QE/ g DW)。丙酮、甲醇和水提取物的未成熟，成熟的水果和种子显示出有效的自由基清除性能。绿梭梭种子含油量为3.16%，主要脂肪酸为油酸(39.91%)和棕榈酸(28.06%)。
{"title":"Nutritional Value of Underutilized Fruit: Diospyros chloroxylon Roxb. (Green Ebony Persimmon)","authors":"H. N. Murthy, Dayanand Dalawai, Irappa Arer, Prashant Karadakatti, Kaneez Hafiz","doi":"10.1080/15538362.2021.2023065","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15538362.2021.2023065","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Diospyros chloroxylon is the indigenous fruit of the Indian subcontinent and both unripe and ripe fruits are eaten by tribal people. The present study explores the nutritional status of Diospyros chloroxylon fruits. Unripe and ripe fruits were rich in fat, protein, carbohydrate, ash, fiber, and minerals. The energy levels of unripe, ripe fruits, and seeds were 93.78, 133.93, and 96.16 Kcal/100 g, respectively. Ripe fruits were also rich in phenolics (4.64 mg GAE/g DW) and flavonoids (1.62 mg QE/ g DW). Acetone, methanol, and water extracts of unripe, ripe fruits and seeds displayed potent free radical scavenging properties. The seeds of D. chloroxylon possess 3.16% oil and it contains oleic acid (39.91%) and palmitic acid (28.06%) as major fatty acids.","PeriodicalId":14014,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Fruit Science","volume":"36 1","pages":"249 - 263"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2022-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85101060","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-02-09DOI: 10.1080/15538362.2022.2034563
A. Mansoory, O. Khademi, A. Naji, Iman Rohollahi, E. Sepahvand
ABSTRACT The Diospyros genus contains approximately 400 to 500 species, among which D. kaki is cultivated as the edible persimmon. Knowledge about the genetic diversity of Diospyros genotypes is of high significance for breeding programs. In this research, the genetic diversity of 57 Diospyros genotypes collected from different regions of Iran was evaluated using inter simple sequence repeats (ISSR) and start codon targeted (SCoT) markers. Seven ISSR and 10 SCoT markers produced a total of 42 and 75 fragments with the averages of 6 and 7.5 fragments per primer, respectively. The average polymorphism information content (PIC) for ISSR markers was 0.3 and for SCoT markers was 0.36. The average marker index (MI) for ISSR and SCoT markers were 1.81 and 1.79, respectively. Cluster analysis based on Jaccard’s genetic similarity coefficient and UPGMA method classified 57 Diospyros genotypes into four main groups based on ISSR and SCoT markers. However, the clustering pattern based on the combination of ISSR and SCoT markers data separated the species genotypes better than each marker alone. Accordingly, groups 1 and 2 contained all D. kaki genotypes, both encompassing various subgroups, group 3 included D. lotus and group 4 included D. virginiana genotypes. Genotype distribution visualized with principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) was in accordance with the cluster analysis. Based on our results Iran is a rich source of Diospyrus germplasm, and a combination of ISSR and SCoT markers can be used as an accurate technique for evaluating genetic diversity among the Diospyros genotypes.
{"title":"Evaluation of Genetic Diversity in Three Diospyros Species, Collected from Different Regions in Iran, Using ISSR and SCoT Molecular Markers","authors":"A. Mansoory, O. Khademi, A. Naji, Iman Rohollahi, E. Sepahvand","doi":"10.1080/15538362.2022.2034563","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15538362.2022.2034563","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The Diospyros genus contains approximately 400 to 500 species, among which D. kaki is cultivated as the edible persimmon. Knowledge about the genetic diversity of Diospyros genotypes is of high significance for breeding programs. In this research, the genetic diversity of 57 Diospyros genotypes collected from different regions of Iran was evaluated using inter simple sequence repeats (ISSR) and start codon targeted (SCoT) markers. Seven ISSR and 10 SCoT markers produced a total of 42 and 75 fragments with the averages of 6 and 7.5 fragments per primer, respectively. The average polymorphism information content (PIC) for ISSR markers was 0.3 and for SCoT markers was 0.36. The average marker index (MI) for ISSR and SCoT markers were 1.81 and 1.79, respectively. Cluster analysis based on Jaccard’s genetic similarity coefficient and UPGMA method classified 57 Diospyros genotypes into four main groups based on ISSR and SCoT markers. However, the clustering pattern based on the combination of ISSR and SCoT markers data separated the species genotypes better than each marker alone. Accordingly, groups 1 and 2 contained all D. kaki genotypes, both encompassing various subgroups, group 3 included D. lotus and group 4 included D. virginiana genotypes. Genotype distribution visualized with principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) was in accordance with the cluster analysis. Based on our results Iran is a rich source of Diospyrus germplasm, and a combination of ISSR and SCoT markers can be used as an accurate technique for evaluating genetic diversity among the Diospyros genotypes.","PeriodicalId":14014,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Fruit Science","volume":"15 1","pages":"235 - 248"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2022-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90390045","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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