Pub Date : 2022-02-09DOI: 10.1080/15538362.2021.2022566
M. Rostami, A. Shokouhian, M. Mohebodini
ABSTRACT The current study investigates the effects of humic acid concentration, its application methods as well as nitrogen ratios on the morphological, yield and biochemical characteristics of strawberry cv. Paros, during 2014–2015 in Ardabil Province, Iran. The study has been conducted within the framework of a double split plot randomized complete block design with three replications and density of 10 plants per replications. Different nitrogen levels (50, 100 and 150 kg ha−1) were examined in the main plots while application methods of humic acid (foliar and soil) and its different concentrations (0, 2, 4 and 6 kg ha−1) were considered in the subplots and sub-sub plots, respectively. The results of the analysis of variance (ANOVA) indicated that the interaction effects of different concentrations of nitrogen, humic acid and its application methods are significant on most of the measured variables at 5% probability level. Mean comparisons showed that the highest values for the leaf area, fruit yield, chlorophyll a, carotenoids and titratable acidity are associated with the combined treatments of nitrogen and humic acid with concentrations of 100 kg ha−1 and 4 kg ha−1, respectively. In three-way interactions, the highest shoot and root biomass and total chlorophyll content were obtained from the application of 100 kg ha−1nitrogen and 4 kg ha−1 foliar humic acid, while the highest nitrogen and protein contents of leaf and root were achieved upon applying 2 kg ha−1 foliar humic acid and 150 kg ha−1 nitrogen. Moreover, the highest amounts of ascorbic acid and total soluble solids were found at a concentration level of 100 kg ha−1 nitrogen along with applying 2 and 6 kg ha−1 foliar and soil humic acids, respectively. Finally, the best results of most of the studied traits were observed at 100 kg ha−1 nitrogen and 4 kg ha−1 foliar humic acid application.
摘要本试验研究了腐植酸浓度、施用方式和氮肥配比对草莓植株形态、产量和生化特性的影响。Paros, 2014-2015年在伊朗阿达比尔省。研究采用双裂区随机完全区设计，3个重复，每个重复密度为10株。在主样地研究了不同的氮素水平(50、100和150 kg ha - 1)，在子样地和子样地分别研究了腐植酸(叶面和土壤)的施用方法及其不同浓度(0、2、4和6 kg ha - 1)。方差分析结果表明，在5%的概率水平上，不同浓度氮肥、腐植酸及其施用方式对大部分被测变量的交互效应显著。平均比较表明，叶片面积、果实产量、叶绿素a、类胡萝卜素和可滴定酸度在氮和腐殖酸浓度分别为100 kg ha - 1和4 kg ha - 1的组合处理下最高。在3向相互作用中，施用100 kg ha−1氮肥和4 kg ha−1叶面腐殖酸时，茎、根生物量和总叶绿素含量最高;施用2 kg ha−1叶面腐殖酸和150 kg ha−1氮肥时，叶、根氮和蛋白质含量最高。此外，抗坏血酸和总可溶性固形物的最高含量分别在施用2和6 kg ha - 1叶片和土壤腐殖酸的浓度水平为100 kg ha - 1时发现。结果表明，施用100 kg ha - 1氮肥和4 kg ha - 1叶面腐植酸处理的大部分性状效果最好。
{"title":"Effect of Humic Acid, Nitrogen Concentrations and Application Method on the Morphological, Yield and Biochemical Characteristics of Strawberry ‘Paros’","authors":"M. Rostami, A. Shokouhian, M. Mohebodini","doi":"10.1080/15538362.2021.2022566","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15538362.2021.2022566","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The current study investigates the effects of humic acid concentration, its application methods as well as nitrogen ratios on the morphological, yield and biochemical characteristics of strawberry cv. Paros, during 2014–2015 in Ardabil Province, Iran. The study has been conducted within the framework of a double split plot randomized complete block design with three replications and density of 10 plants per replications. Different nitrogen levels (50, 100 and 150 kg ha−1) were examined in the main plots while application methods of humic acid (foliar and soil) and its different concentrations (0, 2, 4 and 6 kg ha−1) were considered in the subplots and sub-sub plots, respectively. The results of the analysis of variance (ANOVA) indicated that the interaction effects of different concentrations of nitrogen, humic acid and its application methods are significant on most of the measured variables at 5% probability level. Mean comparisons showed that the highest values for the leaf area, fruit yield, chlorophyll a, carotenoids and titratable acidity are associated with the combined treatments of nitrogen and humic acid with concentrations of 100 kg ha−1 and 4 kg ha−1, respectively. In three-way interactions, the highest shoot and root biomass and total chlorophyll content were obtained from the application of 100 kg ha−1nitrogen and 4 kg ha−1 foliar humic acid, while the highest nitrogen and protein contents of leaf and root were achieved upon applying 2 kg ha−1 foliar humic acid and 150 kg ha−1 nitrogen. Moreover, the highest amounts of ascorbic acid and total soluble solids were found at a concentration level of 100 kg ha−1 nitrogen along with applying 2 and 6 kg ha−1 foliar and soil humic acids, respectively. Finally, the best results of most of the studied traits were observed at 100 kg ha−1 nitrogen and 4 kg ha−1 foliar humic acid application.","PeriodicalId":14014,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Fruit Science","volume":"34 1","pages":"203 - 214"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2022-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80447878","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-02-09DOI: 10.1080/15538362.2021.2023066
P. Etim, K. Simonyan, A. Eke
ABSTRACT The proximate and microbial composition of cooking banana was determined after an active indirect solar drying experiment. The study was aimed at comparing the quality of dried cooking banana with similar products like banana and plantain. Fresh samples of the product were obtained from a local market in Umudike, Nigeria. The samples were washed, peeled, and sliced to the desired thickness (4 to 20 mm), before being loaded onto the dryer. The crude protein, crude lipid, carbohydrate content, ash content, and moisture content were determined after the drying experiment. The microbial load of the dried samples was also determined. The moisture content (10.20%), crude protein (7.18%), crude lipid (3.61%), and carbohydrate (85.61%) were higher than 6.00, 3.06, 2.80, and 82.90% respectively obtained for unripe banana. The ash content (2.21%) was lower than that of unripe banana (2.95%). A total of thirty-eight (38) bacterial isolates were observed from the sample and some of which were identified as Staphylococcus sp, bacillus subillus, and micrococcus sp. Eleven (11) molds (Fungal) were isolated from the dried samples, with Asperligillusniger and Absidia sp dominant. The frequency of occurrence was observed to had been higher in fungal than bacterial isolates.
{"title":"Proximate and Microbial Composition of Cooking Banana Dried Using an Active Indirect Mode Solar Dryer","authors":"P. Etim, K. Simonyan, A. Eke","doi":"10.1080/15538362.2021.2023066","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15538362.2021.2023066","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The proximate and microbial composition of cooking banana was determined after an active indirect solar drying experiment. The study was aimed at comparing the quality of dried cooking banana with similar products like banana and plantain. Fresh samples of the product were obtained from a local market in Umudike, Nigeria. The samples were washed, peeled, and sliced to the desired thickness (4 to 20 mm), before being loaded onto the dryer. The crude protein, crude lipid, carbohydrate content, ash content, and moisture content were determined after the drying experiment. The microbial load of the dried samples was also determined. The moisture content (10.20%), crude protein (7.18%), crude lipid (3.61%), and carbohydrate (85.61%) were higher than 6.00, 3.06, 2.80, and 82.90% respectively obtained for unripe banana. The ash content (2.21%) was lower than that of unripe banana (2.95%). A total of thirty-eight (38) bacterial isolates were observed from the sample and some of which were identified as Staphylococcus sp, bacillus subillus, and micrococcus sp. Eleven (11) molds (Fungal) were isolated from the dried samples, with Asperligillusniger and Absidia sp dominant. The frequency of occurrence was observed to had been higher in fungal than bacterial isolates.","PeriodicalId":14014,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Fruit Science","volume":"12 1","pages":"215 - 223"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2022-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90530470","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-02-09DOI: 10.1080/15538362.2022.2037036
Christian S. Cuesta-Riaño, Maria P. Castro-Guascaa, M. P. Tarazona-Díaz
ABSTRACT Anthocyanins are present in blackberries and can be used in the food industry as visual indicators that allow understanding the color variations related to the quality of a food. The purpose of this study was evaluated castilla blackberry (Rubus glaucus Benth) and wild blackberry (Rubus adenotrichos) were assessed considering the type of raw material; fresh and lyophilized (22°C, 4.3 mbar, 7 days), pretreatment with microwaves (2450 MHz, 30s) and extraction method; conventional and assisted by ultrasound (300 W, 10 min) in the extraction of monomeric anthocyanins. The lyophilized raw material, the use of microwaves and ultrasound-assisted extraction extract more anthocyanins. The extracts changed color accordingly to pH, presenting colorations from red to green.
{"title":"Anthocyanin Extract from Blackberry Used as an Indicator of Hydrogen Potential","authors":"Christian S. Cuesta-Riaño, Maria P. Castro-Guascaa, M. P. Tarazona-Díaz","doi":"10.1080/15538362.2022.2037036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15538362.2022.2037036","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Anthocyanins are present in blackberries and can be used in the food industry as visual indicators that allow understanding the color variations related to the quality of a food. The purpose of this study was evaluated castilla blackberry (Rubus glaucus Benth) and wild blackberry (Rubus adenotrichos) were assessed considering the type of raw material; fresh and lyophilized (22°C, 4.3 mbar, 7 days), pretreatment with microwaves (2450 MHz, 30s) and extraction method; conventional and assisted by ultrasound (300 W, 10 min) in the extraction of monomeric anthocyanins. The lyophilized raw material, the use of microwaves and ultrasound-assisted extraction extract more anthocyanins. The extracts changed color accordingly to pH, presenting colorations from red to green.","PeriodicalId":14014,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Fruit Science","volume":"15 3","pages":"224 - 234"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2022-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72415246","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-02-02DOI: 10.1080/15538362.2022.2025515
Bayu Tadele, S. Abera, Belay Dereje
ABSTRACT This study was carried out to investigate the optimum level of ingredients to develop an acceptable jam product from yellow passion fruit. The jam was developed from fresh yellow passion fruit using four ingredients: sugar, pectin and citric acid of different levels. The different ingredient levels were optimized using response surface methodology (RSM). A uniform precision type Box-Behnken design consisting of three variables in a three-level pattern with 17 runs (with five center points) was employed to optimize the jam to obtain a product with adequate sensory acceptability, especially, overall acceptability. Sensory analysis for appearance, color, flavor, sweetness, taste, texture and overall acceptability was performed. Jam produced under the optimum conditions was subjected to sensory evaluation, and the results were compared with the RSM predictions. Data obtained from RSM were subjected to the analysis of variance (ANOVA) using a second-order polynomial equation. Results showed that the model fit was significant (p < .05) for appearance, flavor, taste, sweetness and even highly significant (p < .01) for texture, color and overall acceptability. There was also a satisfactory correlation between actual and predicted values. Depending on the best sensory score obtained, the optimum ingredient levels were 400 g/kg, 5.24 g/kg and 1 g/kg for sugar, pectin and citric acid, respectively.
{"title":"Optimization of ingredients level for developing yellow passion (passiflora edulis) fruit jam","authors":"Bayu Tadele, S. Abera, Belay Dereje","doi":"10.1080/15538362.2022.2025515","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15538362.2022.2025515","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This study was carried out to investigate the optimum level of ingredients to develop an acceptable jam product from yellow passion fruit. The jam was developed from fresh yellow passion fruit using four ingredients: sugar, pectin and citric acid of different levels. The different ingredient levels were optimized using response surface methodology (RSM). A uniform precision type Box-Behnken design consisting of three variables in a three-level pattern with 17 runs (with five center points) was employed to optimize the jam to obtain a product with adequate sensory acceptability, especially, overall acceptability. Sensory analysis for appearance, color, flavor, sweetness, taste, texture and overall acceptability was performed. Jam produced under the optimum conditions was subjected to sensory evaluation, and the results were compared with the RSM predictions. Data obtained from RSM were subjected to the analysis of variance (ANOVA) using a second-order polynomial equation. Results showed that the model fit was significant (p < .05) for appearance, flavor, taste, sweetness and even highly significant (p < .01) for texture, color and overall acceptability. There was also a satisfactory correlation between actual and predicted values. Depending on the best sensory score obtained, the optimum ingredient levels were 400 g/kg, 5.24 g/kg and 1 g/kg for sugar, pectin and citric acid, respectively.","PeriodicalId":14014,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Fruit Science","volume":"19 1","pages":"183 - 202"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2022-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84634458","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-30DOI: 10.1080/15538362.2021.2025194
Kassa Tarekegn, Fasika Kelem
ABSTRACT Even though the Gamo zone is a prevalent mango producing area in Ethiopia, the lack of comprehensive post-harvest loss research along the mango value chain prevents respective stakeholders from recognizing the socioeconomic, nutritional and environmental significance of the post-harvest loss problem. Improving the post-harvesting handling practice not only increases the production by reduction of post-harvest loss but also increases food access at the market level with prices adjustment. Therefore, this study was intended to assess the post-harvest loss along the mango value chain and the challenges that actors and stakeholders face in the process. To do this, 120 mango producers were selected following a multistage sampling procedure. The analysis result shows that the main reasons for the low productivity of mango are the use of the local variety, disease and insect pests and lack of improved harvesting technologies. The result also shows about 41% of mango loss in the study area was due to a lack of improved harvesting mechanism and infection by disease and pests and poor transportation mechanisms. From this loss, the harvesting stage shares the largest share (18%) along the mango value chain. In addition, lack of improved mango varieties, lack of cooperative and wholesale marketing and lack of value addition practice are the major identified problems in the study area. There is also a huge loss of mango production in the study area that needs immediate intervention from respective stakeholders. Thus, dissemination of improved varieties through the distribution of seedlings, modifying the existing harvesting materials and introduction of improved harvesting technologies, strengthening the cooperative marketing and supporting alternative products development through processing was suggested.
{"title":"Assessment of Mango Post-Harvest Losses along Value Chain in the Gamo Zone, Southern Ethiopia","authors":"Kassa Tarekegn, Fasika Kelem","doi":"10.1080/15538362.2021.2025194","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15538362.2021.2025194","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Even though the Gamo zone is a prevalent mango producing area in Ethiopia, the lack of comprehensive post-harvest loss research along the mango value chain prevents respective stakeholders from recognizing the socioeconomic, nutritional and environmental significance of the post-harvest loss problem. Improving the post-harvesting handling practice not only increases the production by reduction of post-harvest loss but also increases food access at the market level with prices adjustment. Therefore, this study was intended to assess the post-harvest loss along the mango value chain and the challenges that actors and stakeholders face in the process. To do this, 120 mango producers were selected following a multistage sampling procedure. The analysis result shows that the main reasons for the low productivity of mango are the use of the local variety, disease and insect pests and lack of improved harvesting technologies. The result also shows about 41% of mango loss in the study area was due to a lack of improved harvesting mechanism and infection by disease and pests and poor transportation mechanisms. From this loss, the harvesting stage shares the largest share (18%) along the mango value chain. In addition, lack of improved mango varieties, lack of cooperative and wholesale marketing and lack of value addition practice are the major identified problems in the study area. There is also a huge loss of mango production in the study area that needs immediate intervention from respective stakeholders. Thus, dissemination of improved varieties through the distribution of seedlings, modifying the existing harvesting materials and introduction of improved harvesting technologies, strengthening the cooperative marketing and supporting alternative products development through processing was suggested.","PeriodicalId":14014,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Fruit Science","volume":"60 1 1","pages":"170 - 182"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2022-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81213805","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-12DOI: 10.1080/15538362.2021.2022567
T. Miles, J. Hancock
ABSTRACT Anthracnose fruit rot, caused by Colletotrichum spp. is a major disease of highbush blueberries. The inheritance of fruit rot resistance to C. fioriniae was investigated in crosses of parents with varying levels of susceptibility. Three cultivars with known resistance profiles (Bluecrop, Elliott, and Jersey) and progeny from 16 crosses of parents with varying levels of susceptibility were screened. Fruit of field-grown bushes was inoculated when immature, harvested when ripe, and rated for infection incidence after 5, 8, and 12 days of incubation at 100% RH and 22–23°C. Area under the disease progress curves (AUDPC) values were calculated for 2010 and 2011 and slightly higher disease pressure was observed in 2011. These values were then regressed against actual disease incidences of cultivars and predicted (midparent) values for cross families based on two previous studies in 2010 and 2011 and significant correlations with the proportion of fruit decayed and sporulation capacity were observed. These findings provide strong evidence that anthracnose resistance is heritable in highbush blueberries, which has important implications for anthracnose resistance breeding. Additionally, this research provides benchmark AUDPC values for evaluation of future breeding selections for their resistance to C. fioriniae.
{"title":"Inheritance of Resistance to Anthracnose Fruit Rot Caused by Colletotrichum fioriniae in Highbush Blueberry","authors":"T. Miles, J. Hancock","doi":"10.1080/15538362.2021.2022567","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15538362.2021.2022567","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Anthracnose fruit rot, caused by Colletotrichum spp. is a major disease of highbush blueberries. The inheritance of fruit rot resistance to C. fioriniae was investigated in crosses of parents with varying levels of susceptibility. Three cultivars with known resistance profiles (Bluecrop, Elliott, and Jersey) and progeny from 16 crosses of parents with varying levels of susceptibility were screened. Fruit of field-grown bushes was inoculated when immature, harvested when ripe, and rated for infection incidence after 5, 8, and 12 days of incubation at 100% RH and 22–23°C. Area under the disease progress curves (AUDPC) values were calculated for 2010 and 2011 and slightly higher disease pressure was observed in 2011. These values were then regressed against actual disease incidences of cultivars and predicted (midparent) values for cross families based on two previous studies in 2010 and 2011 and significant correlations with the proportion of fruit decayed and sporulation capacity were observed. These findings provide strong evidence that anthracnose resistance is heritable in highbush blueberries, which has important implications for anthracnose resistance breeding. Additionally, this research provides benchmark AUDPC values for evaluation of future breeding selections for their resistance to C. fioriniae.","PeriodicalId":14014,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Fruit Science","volume":"1 1","pages":"160 - 169"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2022-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87193902","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-12DOI: 10.1080/15538362.2021.2018671
R. Qessaoui, Mariem Zanzan, Abdelhadi Ajerrar, Hind Lahmyed, Ahmed Boumair, R. Tahzima, M. Alouani, E. Mayad, B. Chebli, S. Walters, R. Bouharroud
ABSTRACT Green mold, caused by Penicillium digitatum, is a serious disease of citrus fruit during postharvest. The focus of this study was to evaluate possible biological alternatives to chemical fungicides for P. digitatum control. Four Pseudomonas isolates (Q110B, Q125B, Q112B, and Q004B) were isolated from rhizospheric soil and evaluated for their antagonistic activity against P. digitatum. The in vitro evaluations of these isolates by dual culture revealed an important zone of inhibition after 3 days of incubation at 25 ± 2°C. The Q004B isolate provided a high zone of inhibition in vitro at 45 mm diameter. Four Pseudomonas isolates tested showed antagonistic activity against P. digitatum on orange fruit after 7 days of inoculation under postharvest conditions. Inhibition percentage of P. digitatum on orange fruit ranged from 22 to 85% for Q004B and Q112B, respectively. Regarding the mechanism of action, the four tested isolates produced volatile compounds in vitro with inhibition percentage ranging from 35% to 79%, respectively for Q004B andQ125B. The Q004B isolate caused a high spore inhibition rate of 46%, while Q110B had no effect on spore germination. The four isolates of Pseudomonas produced siderophores in CAS medium. Additionally, Q125B, Q112B, and Q004B showed a positive chitinolytic activity, whereas Q110B provided negative results to the chitinase assay. These isolates represent potential candidates for biological control of citrus green mold and may be effectively used as a sustainable alternative measure to chemical fungicide control.
{"title":"Pseudomonas Isolates as Potential Biofungicides of Green Mold (Penicillium Digitatum) on Orange Fruit","authors":"R. Qessaoui, Mariem Zanzan, Abdelhadi Ajerrar, Hind Lahmyed, Ahmed Boumair, R. Tahzima, M. Alouani, E. Mayad, B. Chebli, S. Walters, R. Bouharroud","doi":"10.1080/15538362.2021.2018671","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15538362.2021.2018671","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Green mold, caused by Penicillium digitatum, is a serious disease of citrus fruit during postharvest. The focus of this study was to evaluate possible biological alternatives to chemical fungicides for P. digitatum control. Four Pseudomonas isolates (Q110B, Q125B, Q112B, and Q004B) were isolated from rhizospheric soil and evaluated for their antagonistic activity against P. digitatum. The in vitro evaluations of these isolates by dual culture revealed an important zone of inhibition after 3 days of incubation at 25 ± 2°C. The Q004B isolate provided a high zone of inhibition in vitro at 45 mm diameter. Four Pseudomonas isolates tested showed antagonistic activity against P. digitatum on orange fruit after 7 days of inoculation under postharvest conditions. Inhibition percentage of P. digitatum on orange fruit ranged from 22 to 85% for Q004B and Q112B, respectively. Regarding the mechanism of action, the four tested isolates produced volatile compounds in vitro with inhibition percentage ranging from 35% to 79%, respectively for Q004B andQ125B. The Q004B isolate caused a high spore inhibition rate of 46%, while Q110B had no effect on spore germination. The four isolates of Pseudomonas produced siderophores in CAS medium. Additionally, Q125B, Q112B, and Q004B showed a positive chitinolytic activity, whereas Q110B provided negative results to the chitinase assay. These isolates represent potential candidates for biological control of citrus green mold and may be effectively used as a sustainable alternative measure to chemical fungicide control.","PeriodicalId":14014,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Fruit Science","volume":"184 1","pages":"142 - 150"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2022-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73299186","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-12DOI: 10.1080/15538362.2021.2014017
N. Barlas, D. Kadyampakeni
ABSTRACT The study sought to investigate the internal cycling of phosphorus (P) in Clementine mandarin (Citrus reticulata Blanco “Clementine”). The biomass formation, P concentration, P uptake and accumulation of different organs (bud, flower, fruit, leaf and branches) identified as active organs and found on 1-year-old shoots on fruit trees of bearing age were periodically examined for 2 years. The biomass value was similar between both production seasons. At the beginning of shoot activity, the biomass of annual shoots had a very low rate in the total biomass (0.4%). The biomass increased from 9.7 kg/tree at the beginning of the production season to 62.8 kg/tree at harvest. The P concentrations were in the ranges of 0.11–0.22% in the branches of <1-year-old shoots throughout the 2 years, 0.07–0.15% in the branches of 1-year-old shoots, 0.17–0.31% in the leaves of <1-year-old shoots and 0.13–0.26% in the fruits of <1-year-old and 1-year-old shoots. The total P accumulation at harvest was 82 and 107 g/tree in the first and second years for <1-year-old shoots, respectively, while it was 44 and 48 g/tree for 1-year-old shoots, in the first and second years respectively. The mean daily P uptake amount was determined as 0.4 g/tree for both production years, and the highest daily P accumulation amount was between the fifteenth and twenty-eighth days for both production seasons.
{"title":"Phosphorus Dynamics in Clementine Mandarin","authors":"N. Barlas, D. Kadyampakeni","doi":"10.1080/15538362.2021.2014017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15538362.2021.2014017","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The study sought to investigate the internal cycling of phosphorus (P) in Clementine mandarin (Citrus reticulata Blanco “Clementine”). The biomass formation, P concentration, P uptake and accumulation of different organs (bud, flower, fruit, leaf and branches) identified as active organs and found on 1-year-old shoots on fruit trees of bearing age were periodically examined for 2 years. The biomass value was similar between both production seasons. At the beginning of shoot activity, the biomass of annual shoots had a very low rate in the total biomass (0.4%). The biomass increased from 9.7 kg/tree at the beginning of the production season to 62.8 kg/tree at harvest. The P concentrations were in the ranges of 0.11–0.22% in the branches of <1-year-old shoots throughout the 2 years, 0.07–0.15% in the branches of 1-year-old shoots, 0.17–0.31% in the leaves of <1-year-old shoots and 0.13–0.26% in the fruits of <1-year-old and 1-year-old shoots. The total P accumulation at harvest was 82 and 107 g/tree in the first and second years for <1-year-old shoots, respectively, while it was 44 and 48 g/tree for 1-year-old shoots, in the first and second years respectively. The mean daily P uptake amount was determined as 0.4 g/tree for both production years, and the highest daily P accumulation amount was between the fifteenth and twenty-eighth days for both production seasons.","PeriodicalId":14014,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Fruit Science","volume":"342 1","pages":"133 - 141"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2022-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76184277","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-12DOI: 10.1080/15538362.2021.2019652
O. Arogundade, J. Matthew, O. I. Akinyoola, P. E. Akin-Idowu, S. Akinyemi
ABSTRACT Morphological and microsatellites (SSR) markers are efficient tools for determining genetic relatedness among mango cultivars. Seventeen mango cultivars were used for this study. Eight fruit quantitative traits were collected and subjected to mean separation using One-Way ANOVA and correlation using Principal Component Analysis (PCA). Also, molecular analysis was done using PCR-based SSR markers. The resulting binary matrix was analyzed using Numerical Taxonomy and Multivariate Analysis System (NTSYSpc). Significant variation (p ≤ .05) among all the 17 mango cultivars was observed for the eight quantitative traits studied. The PCA showed that the fruits length, width, thickness weights, %pulp and %stone contributed to 98.73% of the variation observed in all the mango cultivars. A total of 21 alleles were detected from the seven polymorphic primers ranging from two to five alleles per locus with an average of 3.0 alleles per locus. The polymorphic information content (PIC) ranged from 0.52 to 0.80 with an average of 0.66. Both the morphological and molecular markers showed that the mango cultivars were diverse except for ‘Saigon’ and ‘Julie’ as well as ‘Harden’ and ‘Lipen’ which though appear morphologically distinct based on the understudied traits but showed strong similarity to each other through molecular analysis. Dendrogram constructed using the Unweighted Pair Group Method with Arithmetic mean (UPGMA) based on SSR markers revealed a similarity coefficient of 48–93% indicating high level of variability and the presence of outbreeding. Results of the morphological and microsatellite (SSR) analyses showed wide diversity among the mango cultivar used in this study.
形态和微卫星(SSR)标记是确定芒果品种间遗传亲缘关系的有效工具。本研究使用了17个芒果品种。收集8个果实数量性状，采用单因素方差分析(One-Way ANOVA)进行平均分离，主成分分析(PCA)进行相关分析。同时，利用基于pcr的SSR标记进行分子分析。利用数值分类和多元分析系统(NTSYSpc)对所得二值矩阵进行分析。8个数量性状在17个芒果品种间存在显著差异(p≤0.05)。主成分分析表明，果实长度、宽度、厚度、重量、果肉百分比和果核百分比占所有芒果品种变异的98.73%。7个多态性引物共检测到21个等位基因，每个位点检测到2 ~ 5个等位基因，平均每个位点检测到3.0个等位基因。多态性信息含量(PIC)在0.52 ~ 0.80之间，平均为0.66。形态和分子标记均表明，芒果品种除“西贡”和“朱莉”、“哈登”和“利彭”外，其他品种均具有多样性，虽然根据未研究性状在形态上存在差异，但通过分子分析，它们具有很强的相似性。利用基于SSR标记的UPGMA (Unweighted Pair Group with Arithmetic mean)方法构建的树图显示，相似系数为48 ~ 93%，表明变异程度高，存在近交现象。形态学和微卫星(SSR)分析结果表明，本研究所用芒果品种间存在广泛的多样性。
{"title":"Phenotypic and Molecular Characterization of Mango Cultivars in Southwest Nigeria","authors":"O. Arogundade, J. Matthew, O. I. Akinyoola, P. E. Akin-Idowu, S. Akinyemi","doi":"10.1080/15538362.2021.2019652","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15538362.2021.2019652","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Morphological and microsatellites (SSR) markers are efficient tools for determining genetic relatedness among mango cultivars. Seventeen mango cultivars were used for this study. Eight fruit quantitative traits were collected and subjected to mean separation using One-Way ANOVA and correlation using Principal Component Analysis (PCA). Also, molecular analysis was done using PCR-based SSR markers. The resulting binary matrix was analyzed using Numerical Taxonomy and Multivariate Analysis System (NTSYSpc). Significant variation (p ≤ .05) among all the 17 mango cultivars was observed for the eight quantitative traits studied. The PCA showed that the fruits length, width, thickness weights, %pulp and %stone contributed to 98.73% of the variation observed in all the mango cultivars. A total of 21 alleles were detected from the seven polymorphic primers ranging from two to five alleles per locus with an average of 3.0 alleles per locus. The polymorphic information content (PIC) ranged from 0.52 to 0.80 with an average of 0.66. Both the morphological and molecular markers showed that the mango cultivars were diverse except for ‘Saigon’ and ‘Julie’ as well as ‘Harden’ and ‘Lipen’ which though appear morphologically distinct based on the understudied traits but showed strong similarity to each other through molecular analysis. Dendrogram constructed using the Unweighted Pair Group Method with Arithmetic mean (UPGMA) based on SSR markers revealed a similarity coefficient of 48–93% indicating high level of variability and the presence of outbreeding. Results of the morphological and microsatellite (SSR) analyses showed wide diversity among the mango cultivar used in this study.","PeriodicalId":14014,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Fruit Science","volume":"51 1","pages":"151 - 159"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2022-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86521085","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-11DOI: 10.1080/15538362.2021.2023934
A. Susanto, Putri Erli Dwi Yuliastari, Kiagus Muhammad Ferliansyah, Hersanti, F. Widiantini, Sri Maelani, A. Permana
ABSTRACT The fruit fly is one of the detrimental pests to mango production in Indonesia. Information about fruit fly species in the mango production areas is pivotal for analyzing pest risk assessment, developing appropriate standards for plant quarantine treatment, and managing its control programs. This study aims to analyze the fruit fly abundance and composition among three mango cultivars (“Gedong Gincu,” “Cengkir” and “Arumanis”) in Indramayu, Majalengka and Sumedang Regencies, Indonesia. The mangoes were selected randomly by hand collecting from trees, middlemen and traditional vendors. All collected fruits were transferred to the laboratory. The fruits were retained in the cages until the fruit fly imagoes emerged. The results showed that Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel), Bactrocera carambolae Drew & Hancock, and an interspecific hybrid of both species were found on mangoes from all study sites. The Bactrocera umbrosa (Fabricius) was merely found on mangoes in Sumedang Regency. The B. dorsalis was the dominant species in all mango cultivars. The nutritional content of mangoes did not correlate with the abundance, species diversity and weight of fruit fly pupae.
{"title":"The Abundance of Fruit Flies (Bactrocera Spp.) On Some Varieties of Mango from Three Selling Sources","authors":"A. Susanto, Putri Erli Dwi Yuliastari, Kiagus Muhammad Ferliansyah, Hersanti, F. Widiantini, Sri Maelani, A. Permana","doi":"10.1080/15538362.2021.2023934","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15538362.2021.2023934","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The fruit fly is one of the detrimental pests to mango production in Indonesia. Information about fruit fly species in the mango production areas is pivotal for analyzing pest risk assessment, developing appropriate standards for plant quarantine treatment, and managing its control programs. This study aims to analyze the fruit fly abundance and composition among three mango cultivars (“Gedong Gincu,” “Cengkir” and “Arumanis”) in Indramayu, Majalengka and Sumedang Regencies, Indonesia. The mangoes were selected randomly by hand collecting from trees, middlemen and traditional vendors. All collected fruits were transferred to the laboratory. The fruits were retained in the cages until the fruit fly imagoes emerged. The results showed that Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel), Bactrocera carambolae Drew & Hancock, and an interspecific hybrid of both species were found on mangoes from all study sites. The Bactrocera umbrosa (Fabricius) was merely found on mangoes in Sumedang Regency. The B. dorsalis was the dominant species in all mango cultivars. The nutritional content of mangoes did not correlate with the abundance, species diversity and weight of fruit fly pupae.","PeriodicalId":14014,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Fruit Science","volume":"76 1","pages":"110 - 120"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2022-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83905220","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：