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On the effective properties of matrix composites: The role of geometric factors in relation to property contrast 基体复合材料的有效特性:几何因素在性能对比中的作用
IF 5.7 1区 工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-10-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijengsci.2024.104156
Andrew Hollett, Mark Kachanov
The effective elastic and conductive properties of matrix composites depend on two geometric factors – inhomogeneity shapes and orientation distribution – and on the property contrast between the matrix and inhomogeneities. The roles of the two geometric factors are strongly coupled; both are also coupled with the role of the property contrast. These issues are examined, with particular attention paid to the case of preferential orientation with random scatter.
基体复合材料的有效弹性和导电特性取决于两个几何因素--不均匀形状和取向分布--以及基体和不均匀之间的特性对比。这两个几何因素的作用具有很强的耦合性;这两个因素还与特性对比的作用相关联。本文对这些问题进行了研究,尤其关注了具有随机散射的优先取向情况。
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引用次数: 0
Nonlinear resonance of fractional order viscoelastic PET films under temperature loading 温度加载下分数阶粘弹性 PET 薄膜的非线性共振
IF 5.7 1区 工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-10-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijengsci.2024.104153
Qiumin Wu , Chaoyue Lin , Jimei Wu , Mingyue Shao , Jiao Wu , Dingqiang Liu , Jiajuan Qing
The effects of oven temperature during printing on nonlinear vibration for fractional-order PET films are considered in this paper. The effect of temperature, fractional order modelling and some other parameters are analysed with respect to the response of the resonance. Fractional order kelvin-Voigt ontological relationship is used to describe the characteristics of viscoelastic materials. The differential equations for nonlinear vibrations are inferred according to the second law of Newton and the theory of von Karman. Discretization for nonlinear equations on locomotion using the Bubnov–Galerkin method. Forced co-oscillatory amplitude-frequency response equations for thin-films systems under temperature loading were calculated using the multiple scales method. Results of numeral results show that temperature, and fractional-order visco-elastic modelling influence the membrane's response to resonance. These results provide a basis for studying fractional-order visco-elastic films vibrations and identifying regions of stable operation in moving systems to prevent divergent instabilities for flexible electronic device manufacturing.
本文考虑了印刷过程中烘箱温度对分数阶 PET 薄膜非线性振动的影响。分析了温度、分数阶模型和其他一些参数对共振响应的影响。分数阶开尔文-Voigt 本体关系用于描述粘弹性材料的特性。根据牛顿第二定律和 von Karman 理论推断出非线性振动的微分方程。使用 Bubnov-Galerkin 方法对运动非线性方程进行离散化。使用多尺度法计算了温度负荷下薄膜系统的强制共振振幅频率响应方程。数字结果表明,温度和分数阶粘弹性模型会影响薄膜的共振响应。这些结果为研究分数阶粘弹性薄膜振动和确定移动系统中的稳定运行区域提供了基础,以防止柔性电子设备制造中出现发散不稳定性。
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引用次数: 0
Hemodynamics past a dysfunctional bileaflet mechanical heart valve 双叶机械心脏瓣膜功能障碍后的血液动力学
IF 5.7 1区 工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-10-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijengsci.2024.104154
A. Chauhan, C. Sasmal
A mechanical heart valve, an essential prosthetic for managing valvular heart disease, consists of a metal frame housing two or three leaflets (depending on the design) that control blood flow within the heart. However, leaflet dysfunction can impede their movement, leading to valve defects. This study extensively investigates the hemodynamics of such a bileaflet mechanical heart valve with dysfunctions of various extents with the help of direct numerical simulations (DNS) under both steady inflow and pulsatile flow conditions. The results are presented and discussed in terms of spatial variations of velocity magnitude, Reynolds stresses, and surface and time-averaged clinically important parameters such as wall shear stress (WSS), pressure drop, and blood damage. Under steady inflow conditions, the flow field becomes unsteady and turbulent even at a modest Reynolds number of 750 when the valve has 50% defective conditions, in contrast to a steady and laminar flow for a fully functional heart valve with 0% defect condition. The values of WSS also increase by around 50%, and net pressure drops by more than 200% with these defective conditions, which further increase as the defective condition increases. On the other hand, the same trend is also seen under pulsatile flow conditions, with maximum values of wall shear stress and blood damage seen during the peak systolic stage of the cardiac cycle, increasing by more than 200% as the defect condition increases from 0% to 50% for the latter parameter. Furthermore, the present study also investigates the effect of blood rheological behaviors such as shear-thinning and yield stress on hemodynamics past this dysfunctional heart valve. It is seen that blood rheological behavior has a substantial influence on hemodynamics at low Reynolds numbers, diminishing as the Reynolds number increases. Under pulsatile flow conditions, blood exhibiting non-Newtonian characteristics such as shear-thinning shows higher values of wall shear stress and blood damage values compared to Newtonian ones. Therefore, the present study highlights the importance of accounting for blood rheology in clinical assessments. However, this study simulates the cases where both valve leaflets are fixed in position, thereby excluding fluid–structure interaction (FSI) from the present simulations. Such conditions are representative of common occurrences in dysfunctional heart valves. All in all, the in-depth analysis and information obtained from this study are expected to facilitate early detection of valve leaflet dysfunction, thereby contributing to improved clinical management of patients with valvular heart disease.
机械心脏瓣膜是治疗瓣膜性心脏病的重要假体,它由一个金属框架组成,框架内有两个或三个瓣叶(取决于设计),用于控制心脏内的血流。然而,瓣叶功能障碍会阻碍瓣叶的运动,导致瓣膜缺损。本研究借助直接数值模拟(DNS),在稳定流入和脉动流条件下,广泛研究了存在不同程度功能障碍的双叶机械心脏瓣膜的血液动力学。结果显示并讨论了速度大小、雷诺应力、表面和时间平均值等临床重要参数的空间变化,如壁剪应力(WSS)、压降和血液损伤。在稳定的流入条件下,当瓣膜有 50%缺陷时,即使雷诺数为 750,流场也会变得不稳定和湍流,与之形成鲜明对比的是,在缺陷率为 0% 的全功能心脏瓣膜中,流场是稳定和层流的。在这些缺陷条件下,WSS 值也增加了约 50%,净压力下降了 200% 以上,随着缺陷条件的增加,净压力也进一步增加。另一方面,在搏动流条件下也出现了同样的趋势,在心动周期的收缩峰值阶段出现了最大的壁剪应力和血液损伤值,随着缺陷条件从 0% 增加到 50%,后一参数增加了 200% 以上。此外,本研究还探讨了剪切稀化和屈服应力等血液流变学行为对这种功能障碍心脏瓣膜的血液动力学的影响。结果表明,血液流变行为在低雷诺数时对血液动力学有很大影响,随着雷诺数的增加,影响逐渐减小。在脉动流条件下,具有剪切稀化等非牛顿特性的血液与牛顿血液相比,显示出更高的壁剪应力值和血液损伤值。因此,本研究强调了在临床评估中考虑血液流变学的重要性。不过,本研究模拟的是两个瓣叶位置固定的情况,因此将流体与结构相互作用(FSI)排除在本模拟之外。这种情况代表了心脏瓣膜功能障碍的常见情况。总之,本研究的深入分析和所获得的信息有望促进瓣叶功能障碍的早期检测,从而有助于改善瓣膜性心脏病患者的临床管理。
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引用次数: 0
On elastic wave propagation in piezoelectric semiconductors with coupled piezoelectric and semiconductor properties 论具有压电和半导体耦合特性的压电半导体中的弹性波传播
IF 5.7 1区 工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-10-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijengsci.2024.104160
Wanli Yang , Lingyun Guo , Songliang Zhang, Yuantai Hu
Coupling of piezoelectric and semiconducting properties can stimulate a field-particle coupling wave (FPCW) between electric field and charge carriers on an elastic wave-front (EWF) propagating in a piezoelectric semiconductor. The wave velocity of a FPCW is usually greater than the EWF as vibration frequency rises such that carrier behavior on and in front of the EWF will be disturbed in advance. This interaction between two waves can stimulate a few novel dynamic features which are of obvious significance for the research and development of innovative piezoelectric electronic devices. Hence, we firstly established a dynamic model on the propagation processes of elastic waves in piezoelectric semiconductors and developed an alternately iterative algorithm between piezoelectric and semiconducting properties in this paper. Then, the propagation behavior of an elastic wave in an n-type ZnO rod was taken as an example to elucidate the dispersion and dissipation arising from the coupling between electric field and charge carriers. It was found that the action of a FPCW on the EWF can stir up previously undiscovered bizarre features in the following two aspects. One is the energy transfer between different frequency wave components from low-order to high-order vibration modes implemented by the flow of charge carriers, where the transfer process bears a resemblance story to the ‘vacated room’ operation in Hilbert's paradox of the Grand Hotel. The other more intriguing one is that when a tensile/compressive deformation signal is input, an opposite phase signal will be induced at the leading edge of the EWF by the FPCW through the inverse piezoelectric effect, meaning the appearance of a compressive/tensile signal in front of the input tensile/compressive one. The reason to appear such a phenomenon is that the electric field phase of the FPCW is precisely opposite to the one on the corresponding EWF. Evidently, the present studies will advance the integration and development of elastic dynamics and semiconductor physics, thereby providing valuable guidance for the research and development of new electronic devices.
压电特性和半导体特性的耦合会激发电场与在压电半导体中传播的弹性波前(EWF)上的电荷载流子之间的场-粒子耦合波(FPCW)。随着振动频率的升高,FPCW 的波速通常大于 EWF,因此 EWF 上和前方的载流子行为会提前受到干扰。两波之间的这种相互作用会激发一些新的动态特性,这对创新压电电子器件的研究和开发具有明显的意义。因此,本文首先建立了弹性波在压电半导体中传播过程的动态模型,并开发了压电特性和半导体特性之间的交替迭代算法。然后,以弹性波在 n 型氧化锌棒中的传播行为为例,阐明了电场与电荷载流子耦合产生的色散和耗散。研究发现,FPCW 对 EWF 的作用可以在以下两个方面激发出之前未被发现的奇异特征。其一是电荷载流子的流动实现了不同频率波成分之间从低阶振动模式到高阶振动模式的能量转移,其转移过程与希尔伯特大饭店悖论中的 "腾出房间 "操作有异曲同工之妙。另一个更耐人寻味的现象是,当输入拉伸/压缩变形信号时,FPCW 会通过反压电效应在 EWF 的前缘诱导出一个反相信号,即在输入的拉伸/压缩信号前出现一个压缩/拉伸信号。出现这种现象的原因是 FPCW 的电场相位与相应 EWF 上的电场相位正好相反。显而易见,本研究将推动弹性动力学与半导体物理学的融合与发展,从而为新型电子器件的研发提供宝贵的指导。
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引用次数: 0
Analytical solutions for thermoelastic stress-focusing in cylindrical and spherical solids 圆柱形和球形固体热弹性应力聚焦的解析解
IF 5.7 1区 工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-10-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijengsci.2024.104157
Suman Dutta, C.S. Jog
This work deals with finding the analytical displacements and stresses in thermoelasticity problems involving solid isotropic cylinders and spheres with an emphasis on stress-focusing phenomena relevant to the nuclear industry and high-temperature engineering. The study considers solid spheres and infinitely long solid cylinders with three different types of thermal loading: prescribed outer surface temperature, prescribed surface heat flux, and volumetric heat source. Both continuous and discontinuous thermal loading conditions are considered. It is shown that discontinuous loading, such as abrupt changes in prescribed surface temperature or heat flux prescriptions, results in unbounded stresses along the axis (in the case of an infinite cylinder) and the center (in the case of a solid sphere), while with continuous loading, we obtain finite stresses within the domains at all times.
本研究涉及各向同性实心圆柱体和球体热弹性问题中位移和应力的分析求解,重点是与核工业和高温工程相关的应力聚焦现象。研究考虑了具有三种不同类型热加载的实心球和无限长实心圆柱体:规定外表面温度、规定表面热通量和体积热源。同时考虑了连续和不连续的热加载条件。结果表明,非连续加载(如规定表面温度或热通量的突然变化)会导致沿轴线(无限长圆柱体)和中心(实心球体)产生无约束应力,而在连续加载条件下,我们在任何时候都能获得域内的有限应力。
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引用次数: 0
Mesoscale models for effective elastic properties of carbon-black/ultra-high-molecular-weight-polyethylene nanocomposites 碳黑/超高分子量聚乙烯纳米复合材料有效弹性性能的中尺度模型
IF 5.7 1区 工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-10-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijengsci.2024.104159
Stanislav Buklovskiy , Kateryna Miroshnichenko , Igor Tsukrov , Rebecca J. Thomson , Peder C. Solberg , Douglas W. Van Citters
In this paper, we apply mesoscale numerical modeling to predict the effective elastic properties of conductive carbon-black/ultra-high-molecular-weight-polyethylene nanocomposites. The models are based on X-ray microcomputed tomography images. The images show that for the considered range of carbon additive weight fractions, the conductive carbon black (CB) particles are distributed around the ultra-high-molecular-weight-polyethylene (UHMWPE) granules forming a carbon-containing layer of a thickness on the order of 1–2 μm.
Finite element models of representative volume elements (RVE), incorporating the CB-containing layer, are developed. The RVEs are generated based on the size and shape statistics extracted from processed microcomputed tomography images with further incorporation of the CB-containing layer by a custom image processing code. The layer is modeled analytically as a 2-phase composite consisting of spherical CB inclusions distributed in the UHMWPE matrix. Elastic moduli predicted in the models are compared to experimental data. Results show that the numerical simulations predict effective elastic moduli within the confidence intervals of the experimental measurements up to 7.5 wt % of CB inclusions.
本文应用中尺度数值模型预测导电碳黑/超高分子量聚乙烯纳米复合材料的有效弹性特性。模型基于 X 射线微计算机断层扫描图像。图像显示,在所考虑的碳添加剂重量分数范围内,导电碳黑(CB)颗粒分布在超高分子量聚乙烯(UHMWPE)颗粒周围,形成厚度约为 1-2 μm 的含碳层。RVE 是根据从处理过的微计算机断层扫描图像中提取的尺寸和形状统计数据生成的,并通过自定义图像处理代码进一步加入了含 CB 层。该层通过分析建模为两相复合材料,由分布在超高分子量聚乙烯基体中的球形 CB 夹杂物组成。模型预测的弹性模量与实验数据进行了比较。结果表明,数值模拟预测的有效弹性模量在实验测量值的置信区间内,最高可达 7.5 wt % 的 CB 夹杂。
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引用次数: 0
On the refined boundary condition at the edge of a thin elastic strip supported by a Winkler-type foundation under antiplane shear deformation 关于反平面剪切变形下由温克勒型地基支撑的弹性薄带边缘的细化边界条件
IF 5.7 1区 工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-10-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijengsci.2024.104152
Ludmila Prikazchikova , Evgeniya Nolde , Wiktoria Miszuris , Julius Kaplunov
The derivation of the boundary conditions is the most challenging part of the asymptotic techniques underlying low-dimensional models for thin elastic structures. At the moment, these techniques do not take into consideration the effect of the environment, e.g., a Winkler foundation, when tackling boundary conditions, and have to be amended. In this paper as an example we consider an antiplane problem for a thin elastic strip contacting with a relatively compliant Winkler foundation. Refined boundary conditions at an edge loaded by prescribed stresses are established using a properly adjusted Saint-Venant’s principle. They appear to be useful for advanced structure modelling including analysis of the static equilibrium under self-equilibrated loading.
边界条件的推导是薄弹性结构低维模型的渐近技术中最具挑战性的部分。目前,这些技术在处理边界条件时没有考虑环境(如温克勒地基)的影响,因此必须加以修正。以本文为例,我们考虑了一个薄弹性条带与相对顺应的温克勒地基接触时的反平面问题。利用经过适当调整的 Saint-Venant 原理,在受规定应力加载的边缘处建立了经过改进的边界条件。这些条件对于高级结构建模,包括自平衡荷载下的静态平衡分析,似乎非常有用。
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引用次数: 0
Effects of interfacial sliding on anti-plane waves in an elastic plate imperfectly attached to an elastic half-space 界面滑动对不完全附着于弹性半空间的弹性板中反面波的影响
IF 5.7 1区 工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-10-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijengsci.2024.104158
Gennadi I. Mikhasev , Victor A. Eremeyev
We study the anti-plane shear waves in a domain consisting of an elastic layer (plate) with a coating attached to an elastic half-space (substrate). We assume an imperfect contact between the layer and the half-space, allowing some sliding. We also assume some elastic bonds between the layer and the substrate. On the free top surface we apply the compatibility conditions within the Gurtin–Murdoch surface elasticity. We found two different solutions: (i) the transversely exponential–transversely exponential (TE–TE) regime with amplitudes decaying exponentially from the free top surface and the interface in both the plate and the half-space, and (ii) the transversely harmonic–transversely exponential (TH–TE) regime with harmonic wave behaviour in the transverse direction in the plate and exponential decay in the half-space. The TE regime of anti-plane waves in an elastic half-space with non-perfect contact is also considered as a special case. A detailed analysis of the derived dispersion relations reveals a crucial influence of the interface stiffness on the phase velocities of anti-plane waves. This effect consists in the decrease of the phase velocities when the interfacial bonds are weakened. The strongest effect of the interfacial sliding on the phase velocities was observed for the long-length waves belonging to the TE–TE regime. Based on the derived lower bounds for the wave numbers from which the TE–TE regime of anti-plane waves exists, we have developed the theoretical background and methodology for assessing the bond stiffness of thin plates imperfectly bonded to an elastic substrate.
我们研究的是由弹性层(板)和附着在弹性半空间(基底)上的涂层组成的域中的反平面剪切波。我们假设层与半空间之间存在不完全接触,允许一定的滑动。我们还假设在层和基底之间存在一些弹性键。在自由顶面,我们应用了 Gurtin-Murdoch 表面弹性中的相容性条件。我们发现了两种不同的解决方案:(i) 横向指数-横向指数(TE-TE)机制,振幅从自由顶面和板与半空间的界面开始呈指数衰减;(ii) 横向谐波-横向指数(TH-TE)机制,在板的横向方向上有谐波行为,在半空间呈指数衰减。反面波在非完全接触的弹性半空间中的 TE 体系也被视为特例。对推导出的频散关系的详细分析揭示了界面刚度对反面波相位速度的重要影响。这种影响包括当界面结合力减弱时相速度的降低。界面滑动对相速的影响最大的是属于 TE-TE 机制的长波。根据推导出的反面波 TE-TE 体系的波数下限,我们建立了评估与弹性基底不完全粘合的薄板的粘合刚度的理论背景和方法。
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引用次数: 0
The energy balance of a hydraulic fracture at depth 深层水力压裂的能量平衡
IF 5.7 1区 工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-09-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijengsci.2024.104151
Carlo Peruzzo, Andreas Möri, Brice Lecampion
We detail the energy balance of a propagating hydraulic fracture. Using the linear hydraulic fracture model which combines lubrication flow and linear elastic fracture mechanics, we demonstrate how different propagation regimes are related to the dominance of a given term of the power balance of a growing hydraulic fracture. Taking an energy point of view allows us to offer a physical explanation of hydraulic fracture growth behaviours, such as, for example, the transition from viscosity to toughness dominated growth for a radial geometry, fracture propagation after the end of the injection or transition to self-buoyant elongated growth. We quantify the evolution of the different power terms for a series of numerical examples. We also discuss the order of magnitudes of the different terms for a industrial-like hydraulic fracturing treatment accounting for the additional dissipation in the injection line.
我们详细介绍了水力压裂传播的能量平衡。我们利用线性水力压裂模型(该模型结合了润滑流和线性弹性压裂力学),展示了不同的传播机制与水力压裂增长的能量平衡中特定项的主导地位之间的关系。从能量角度出发,我们可以对水力压裂的生长行为做出物理解释,例如,径向几何形状的生长从粘度主导过渡到韧性主导、注入结束后的压裂扩展或过渡到自浮力拉长生长。我们通过一系列数值示例量化了不同幂项的演变。我们还讨论了类似工业水力压裂处理的不同项的大小顺序,其中考虑了注入管线中的额外耗散。
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引用次数: 0
On the kinetics of structural evolution in metallic glasses 论金属玻璃的结构演变动力学
IF 5.7 1区 工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-09-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijengsci.2024.104146
S.Y. Liang , F. Zhu , Yun-Jiang Wang , E. Pineda , T. Wada , H. Kato , J.C. Qiao
The classic phenomenological models fail to describe the physical landscape of creep deformation for amorphous solids. In this paper, creep behavior of typical metallic glasses with chemical compositions La62Al14Ag2.34Ni10.83Co10.83, Pd20Pt20Cu20Ni20P20 and Cu46Zr39Hf8Al7 were studied. Instead, we attempt to use a modified hierarchically correlated model informed by physics to realize the creep behaviors of metallic glasses. The anelastic deformation of creep is categorized into two distinct components, i.e., the highly correlated deformation unit sensitive to annealing and the low correlated unit associated with diffusion relaxation. The correlated component diminishes with structural aging. The validity of the model is verified by these findings, and the derived parameters provide insights into the structural and kinetic characteristics of metallic glasses. Decreased characteristic times and contrasting correlation factors indicate homogeneous structure and lower energy states. Moreover, a qualitative evaluation of the relative strengths of the dual deformation mechanisms during creep enables the characterization of β relaxation forms, shedding light on the intrinsic attributes of different types of metallic glasses. This methodology additionally facilitates the detection of structural aging and rejuvenation phenomena.
经典的现象学模型无法描述无定形固体蠕变变形的物理现象。本文研究了化学成分为 La62Al14Ag2.34Ni10.83Co10.83、Pd20Pt20Cu20Ni20P20 和 Cu46Zr39Hf8Al7 的典型金属玻璃的蠕变行为。相反,我们尝试使用一种基于物理学的改良分层关联模型来实现金属玻璃的蠕变行为。蠕变的非弹性变形分为两个不同的部分,即对退火敏感的高相关变形单元和与扩散弛豫相关的低相关单元。相关单元随着结构老化而减小。这些发现验证了模型的正确性,而推导出的参数则为了解金属玻璃的结构和动力学特性提供了启示。特征时间的缩短和相关系数的对比表明了均匀的结构和较低的能态。此外,通过对蠕变过程中双重变形机制的相对强度进行定性评估,可以确定 β 弛豫形式的特征,从而揭示不同类型金属玻璃的内在属性。这种方法还有助于检测结构老化和年轻化现象。
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引用次数: 0
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International Journal of Engineering Science
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