International Journal of Engineering Science最新文献

英文中文

Poroelasticity in the presence of active fluids 活性流体存在时的孔隙弹性

IF 5.7 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

International Journal of Engineering Science

Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijengsci.2025.104457

R. Cavuoto , S. Scala , A. Cutolo , G. Mensitieri , M. Fraldi

This work presents a model for characterizing porous, deformable media embedded with magnetorheological fluids (MRFs). These active fluids exhibit tunable mechanical and rheological properties that can be controlled through the application of a magnetic field, which induces a phase transition from a liquid to a solid-like state. This transition profoundly affects both stress transmission and fluid flow within the composite, leading to a behaviour governed by a well-defined threshold that depends on the ratio between the pore size and the characteristic size of clusters of magnetic particles, and can be triggered by adjusting the magnetic field intensity. These effects were confirmed through an experimental campaign conducted on a prototype composite obtained by imbibing a selected MRF into commercial sponges. To design and optimize this new class of materials, a linear poroelastic formulation is proposed and validated through comparison with experimental results. The constitutive relationships, i.e. overall elastic constitutive tensor and permeability, of the model are updated from phenomenological observations, exploiting the experimental data obtained for both the pure fluid and the composite material. The findings demonstrate that the proposed simplified formulation is sufficiently robust to predict and optimize the behaviour of porous media containing MRFs. Such materials hold significant promise for a wide range of engineering applications, including adaptive exosuits for human tissue and joint rehabilitation, as well as innovative structural systems.

这项工作提出了一个模型来表征嵌入磁流变流体（mrf）的多孔、可变形介质。这些活性流体表现出可调节的机械和流变特性，可以通过施加磁场来控制，从而诱导从液体到类固体状态的相变。这种转变对复合材料内部的应力传递和流体流动都产生了深远的影响，导致了一种由一个定义明确的阈值控制的行为，该阈值取决于孔隙大小与磁性颗粒簇的特征尺寸之间的比例，并且可以通过调节磁场强度来触发。通过将选定的MRF吸入商业海绵中获得的原型复合材料的实验活动，证实了这些效果。为了设计和优化这种新型材料，提出了一种线性孔弹性公式，并通过与实验结果的比较验证了该公式的正确性。利用纯流体和复合材料的实验数据，根据现象学观测更新了模型的本构关系，即整体弹性本构张量和渗透率。研究结果表明，所提出的简化公式具有足够的鲁棒性，可以预测和优化含有MRFs的多孔介质的行为。这些材料在广泛的工程应用中具有重要的前景，包括用于人体组织和关节康复的自适应外骨骼，以及创新的结构系统。

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引用次数: 0

Computational modeling of left ventricular flow using PC-CMR-derived four-dimensional wall motion 利用pc - cmr衍生的四维壁运动的左心室血流计算模型

IF 6.6 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

International Journal of Engineering Science

Pub Date : 2026-03-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijengsci.2026.104499

Seyed Babak Peighambari, Tanmay Mukherjee, Emilio A. Mendiola, Amr Darwish, John C. Criscione, Lucas H. Timmins, Roderic I. Pettigrew, Dipan J. Shah, Reza Avazmohammadi

引用次数: 0

Modeling of cubic anisotropy of single crystals using a discrete element model with deformable particles 单晶立方各向异性的可变形粒子离散元模型建模

IF 6.6 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

International Journal of Engineering Science

Pub Date : 2026-03-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijengsci.2026.104532

Paweł Hołobut, Jerzy Rojek, Szymon Nosewicz

引用次数: 0

Geometric characterization of frictional impacts by means of breakable kinetic constraints 基于可破碎动力学约束的摩擦碰撞几何表征

IF 6.6 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

International Journal of Engineering Science

Pub Date : 2026-03-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijengsci.2026.104535

Stefano Pasquero

In the context of geometric impulsive mechanics of systems with a finite number of degrees of freedom, we model the roughness of a unilateral constraint S by introducing a suitable instantaneous kinetic constraint B⊂S. A constitutive characterization of B based only on the geometric properties of the setup and on the dry friction laws can then be introduced to model the frictional behavior of S in an impact of the system. Such a model restores determinism and avoids the analysis of frictional forces in the contact point. Furthermore, since the characterization of impulsive friction is specified solely by two numerical coefficients, the model allows for the study of a wide class of rough constraints. Three examples of increasing complexity, showing a natural stick–slip behavior of the impact, are presented.

在有限自由度系统的几何脉冲力学中，我们通过引入合适的瞬时动力学约束B∧S来对单侧约束S的粗糙度进行建模。B的本构表征仅基于装置的几何特性和干摩擦定律，然后可以引入模型S在系统冲击下的摩擦行为。这种模型恢复了决定论，避免了对接触点摩擦力的分析。此外，由于脉冲摩擦的表征仅由两个数值系数指定，该模型允许研究广泛类别的粗糙约束。提出了三个日益复杂的例子，显示了撞击的自然粘滑行为。

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引用次数: 0

Out-of-plane compression and energy absorption performance of twisted auxetic honeycomb tubes 扭转异形蜂窝管的面外压缩和吸能性能

IF 5.7 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

International Journal of Engineering Science

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijengsci.2025.104435

Que Zhou , Zhihui Xu , Youjiang Cui , Kaifa Wang , Baolin Wang

Lightweight structures with exceptional energy absorption properties are essential for the engineering demands. Auxetic honeycombs are promising candidates for dynamic impact protection and high-performance energy absorption devices. Inspired by horsetail stems and helical geometry, this study proposes a novel twisted auxetic honeycomb tube (TAHT), which combines the advantages of auxetic structures, thin-walled tubes, and twisted configurations. The energy absorption performance of the TAHT under out-of-plane compression is investigated through experiments and numerical simulations. The influence of the optimal twist angle, multi-layer configuration, and wall thickness is further analyzed. The results show that the twist angle changes the deformation mode from parallel crushing to a unique twisting-compression mode, delaying densification and significantly enhancing energy absorption. Specifically, the TAHT with an optimal twist angle increased specific energy absorption (SEA) by 41.9 % and crush force efficiency (CFE) from 72.6 % to 78.3 % compared to a non-twisted structure. Furthermore, a multilayer configuration and increased wall thickness both improved energy absorption performance. A theoretical model derived from the super folding element theory, accurately predicts the mean crushing force (F_mean) and validates with experimental and numerical results. These findings confirm the superior energy absorption capabilities of the TAHT, offering new design insights for lightweight and high-strength metamaterials.

具有特殊能量吸收性能的轻质结构是满足工程需求的必要条件。补充蜂窝是动态冲击保护和高性能能量吸收装置的有希望的候选者。受马尾茎和螺旋几何结构的启发，本研究提出了一种新型的扭曲消声蜂窝管（TAHT），它结合了消声结构、薄壁管和扭曲结构的优点。通过实验和数值模拟研究了TAHT在面外压缩下的吸能性能。进一步分析了最优扭角、多层结构和壁厚的影响。结果表明：扭转角的改变使物料的变形模式由平行破碎转变为独特的扭转压缩模式，延缓了致密化，显著提高了能量吸收；具体来说，与非扭曲结构相比，具有最佳扭转角的TAHT比能量吸收（SEA）提高了41.9%，粉碎力效率（CFE）从72.6%提高到78.3%。此外，多层结构和增加的壁厚都提高了能量吸收性能。根据超折叠单元理论建立的理论模型准确地预测了平均破碎力（Fmean），并通过实验和数值结果进行了验证。这些发现证实了TAHT优越的能量吸收能力，为轻量化和高强度超材料的设计提供了新的见解。

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引用次数: 0

Effects of hematocrit levels on hemodynamics and atherosclerosis risk in the left main coronary artery: a comparative computational mechanobiological study 红细胞压积水平对左冠状动脉主干血流动力学和动脉粥样硬化风险的影响：一项比较计算力学生物学研究

IF 5.7 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

International Journal of Engineering Science

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijengsci.2025.104446

Seyedmajid Hosseini, Mohammadhossein Abdolmohammadi, Bahar Firoozabadi

Coronary artery disease is the leading cause of cardiovascular mortality worldwide, yet the role of altered hematocrit (Hct) in atherosclerotic plaque formation remains unclear. This study uses a mechanobiological model to computationally investigate the effect of non-Newtonian blood behavior and varying Hct on plaque formation in a three-dimensional left main coronary artery. Hct levels of 25 % (low), 45 % (normal), and 65 % (high) are investigated. The Navier–Stokes and Darcy equations are solved to model fluid flow. Coupled convection–diffusion–reaction equations for low-density lipoprotein (LDL), oxidized LDL, monocytes, macrophages, and foam cells (FC) are solved to simulate a 10-year inflammatory evolution within the arterial wall. The results reveal that as Hct increases in the non-Newtonian model, peak FC concentration within the wall decreases. After 5 years, low Hct leads to a maximum concentration that is 1.6- and 4.7-fold higher than normal and high Hct concentration respectively, and 1.2-fold higher than that in the Newtonian model. Therefore, low Hct results in maximal plaque growth. Additionally, low Hct expands the areas of high FC concentration, thereby increasing plaque burden. Moreover, in the non-Newtonian model, the ratio of peak FC concentration at 10 years to that at 5 years rises with Hct. High Hct shows a ratio that is 1.17- and 1.43-fold greater than normal and low Hct, respectively, and 1.24-fold higher than that in the Newtonian model. Therefore, high Hct accelerates plaque formation during the second half of the 10-year inflammatory process. In addition, with increasing Hct, regions of high FC concentration in the left anterior descending artery (LAD) shift from the myocardial side to the carina. These findings deepen our understanding of atherosclerosis.

冠状动脉疾病是全球心血管疾病死亡的主要原因，然而红细胞压积（Hct）改变在动脉粥样硬化斑块形成中的作用尚不清楚。本研究使用机械生物学模型来计算研究非牛顿血液行为和不同Hct对三维左冠状动脉主动脉斑块形成的影响。Hct水平分别为25%（低）、45%（正常）和65%（高）。求解了Navier-Stokes方程和Darcy方程来模拟流体的流动。通过求解低密度脂蛋白（LDL）、氧化LDL、单核细胞、巨噬细胞和泡沫细胞（FC）的耦合对流-扩散-反应方程，模拟动脉壁内10年的炎症演变。结果表明，在非牛顿模型中，随着Hct的增加，壁内FC峰浓度降低。5年后，低Hct导致的最大浓度分别是正常Hct和高Hct的1.6倍和4.7倍，比牛顿模型高1.2倍。因此，低Hct导致最大的斑块生长。此外，低Hct扩大了高FC浓度的区域，从而增加了斑块负担。此外，在非牛顿模型中，随着Hct的增加，10年的FC峰值浓度与5年的FC峰值浓度之比增大。高Hct比正常Hct和低Hct分别高1.17倍和1.43倍，比牛顿模型高1.24倍。因此，在10年炎症过程的后半段，高Hct加速了斑块的形成。此外，随着Hct的增加，左前降支（LAD）的高FC浓度区域从心肌侧转移到隆突。这些发现加深了我们对动脉粥样硬化的理解。

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引用次数: 0

Multiscale bending model of graphene based on asymmetric elasticity: The role of microscopic bond rotation in macroscopic deformation 基于非对称弹性的石墨烯多尺度弯曲模型：微观键旋转在宏观变形中的作用

IF 5.7 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

International Journal of Engineering Science

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijengsci.2025.104434

Yekai Zhou , Xinghua Shi , Yin Zhang

Classical continuum mechanics models fail to capture some critical nanoscale deformation mechanisms, leading to significant deviations/errors in predicting the bending stiffness of two-dimensional (2D) materials. To address this, the model based on the asymmetric elasticity is developed to describe the micro-deformation of the bond rotation as well as the macroscopic bending deformation. The asymmetric elasticity originates from the imbalance between the transverse shear stress and interlayer tractions. The torque generated thereby is balanced by the bending and twisting of the bond. For the hexagonal system, a strain energy function which incorporates asymmetric tensors is derived from cyclic polynomials. By using the Reissner’s mixed variational theorem (RMVT), the Reissner plate model within the framework of asymmetric elasticity is developed. Additional parameters, which correlate with the asymmetric elasticity, are introduced compared with the classical plate theory. Although numerous continuum mechanics models are developed to describe the deformation of these hierarchical materials, the experimental validation of the model with the correspondence between the microscopic deformation mechanisms and the macroscopic continuum deformation mechanisms is quite few. The asymmetric parameters, which are the unknowns in the previous studies, are numerically extracted by the experimental data of the blister test. The governing equations are numerically solved and the comparison with the experiments demonstrates the capability of the model to accurately predict the bending behaviors of 2D materials. A multiscale asymmetric elasticity model is developed and it bridges the atomic-scale deformation mechanisms with the macroscopic bending behavior in 2D materials, which provides an insight in the mechanical modeling of 2D materials.

经典的连续介质力学模型未能捕捉到一些关键的纳米尺度变形机制，导致在预测二维（2D）材料的弯曲刚度时存在显著偏差/误差。为了解决这一问题，建立了基于非对称弹性的模型来描述键旋转的微观变形和宏观弯曲变形。不对称弹性源于横向剪应力与层间牵引力之间的不平衡。由此产生的扭矩由键的弯曲和扭转来平衡。对于六边形系统，利用循环多项式导出了包含非对称张量的应变能函数。利用Reissner混合变分定理（RMVT），建立了非对称弹性框架下的Reissner板模型。与经典板理论相比，引入了与非对称弹性有关的附加参数。虽然已经建立了许多连续介质力学模型来描述这些分层材料的变形，但对微观变形机制与宏观连续介质变形机制之间对应关系的模型进行实验验证的却很少。利用水疱试验的实验数据，对以往研究中未知的非对称参数进行了数值提取。对控制方程进行了数值求解，并与实验结果进行了比较，验证了该模型能够准确预测二维材料的弯曲行为。建立了一种多尺度非对称弹性模型，它将二维材料的原子尺度变形机制与宏观弯曲行为联系起来，为二维材料的力学建模提供了新的思路。

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引用次数: 0

On wave dispersion in nonlocal simplified strain gradient elasticity 非局部简化应变梯度弹性中的波频散

IF 5.7 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

International Journal of Engineering Science

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijengsci.2025.104431

Markus Lazar, Eleni Agiasofitou

In this work, wave dispersion is investigated within the framework of nonlocal simplified strain gradient elasticity theory. This theory represents a unification of Eringen’s nonlocal elasticity theory of Helmholtz type and the simplified first strain gradient elasticity theory. It incorporates two characteristic length scale parameters, namely the characteristic length

ℓ_{N}

of nonlocal elasticity of Helmholtz type and the characteristic length

ℓ_{G}

of simplified first strain gradient elasticity. The dispersion relations as well as the phase and group velocities for longitudinal and transverse acoustic waves are analytically determined. A qualitative analysis of the phase and group velocities is also presented. It is found that nonlocal simplified strain gradient elasticity can exhibit normal or anomalous dispersion depending only on the values of the two characteristic lengths. Normal dispersion occurs when

ℓ_{N}^{2} > ℓ_{G}^{2}

, whereas anomalous dispersion arises when

ℓ_{G}^{2} > ℓ_{N}^{2}

. It is shown that in the case of normal dispersion, nonlocal simplified strain gradient elasticity yields physically realistic dispersive wave propagation in agreement with lattice dynamics. Moreover, a match between the obtained dispersion relations and those of the Born-von Kármán lattice model is established, leading to an important relation between the two characteristic length scales.

本文在非局部简化应变梯度弹性理论的框架下研究了波的色散。该理论是Eringen的Helmholtz型非局部弹性理论与简化的第一应变梯度弹性理论的统一。它包含两个特征长度尺度参数，即亥姆霍兹型非局部弹性的特征长度N和简化的一阶应变梯度弹性的特征长度G。用解析法确定了纵波和横波的频散关系以及相速度和群速度。本文还对相速度和群速度进行了定性分析。发现非局部简化应变梯度弹性仅依赖于这两个特征长度的值就可以表现出正常或异常的色散。在N2>； N2时出现反常色散，而在N2>； N2时出现反常色散。结果表明，在正常色散的情况下，非局部简化应变梯度弹性产生符合晶格动力学的物理真实色散波传播。此外，将得到的色散关系与Born-von Kármán晶格模型的色散关系进行了匹配，得到了两个特征长度尺度之间的重要关系。

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引用次数: 0

On the use of effective mass in modeling undamped mass-in-mass metamaterials 有效质量在无阻尼质量中超材料建模中的应用

IF 5.7 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

International Journal of Engineering Science

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijengsci.2025.104447

Raffaele Capuano , Walter Lacarbonara , Muhammad R. Hajj

The theoretical foundations of the effective mass concept in undamped mass-in-mass metamaterials are revisited to reassess its validity and physical interpretation. Within a dynamical systems framework, analytical derivations reveal that the effective mass is not an intrinsic property but a dynamic quantity linking the motion of the internal mass to the observable response of the primary mass under specific initial conditions. An infinite family of periodic orbits is identified using Poincaré maps, each characterized by an identical initial potential energy, elucidating the mathematical source of ambiguity in defining a unique effective mass. The analysis is extended to a discrete lattice of internal resonators, where a single periodic solution satisfies the periodicity constraints, confirming that the effective mass concept holds only under specific dynamic conditions.

本文重新审视了无阻尼质量中有效质量概念的理论基础，以重新评估其有效性和物理解释。在动力系统框架内，解析推导表明，有效质量不是一个内在性质，而是一个动态量，将内部质量的运动与特定初始条件下主质量的可观测响应联系起来。使用庞加莱图确定了无限的周期轨道族，每个轨道都具有相同的初始势能，阐明了定义唯一有效质量时模糊的数学来源。将分析扩展到内部谐振器的离散晶格，其中单个周期解满足周期性约束，确认有效质量概念仅在特定的动态条件下成立。

引用次数: 0

A semi-analytical model for effective conductivity of parallelogram-periodic fibrous composites with circular inclusions 含圆形夹杂物的平行四边形周期纤维复合材料有效导电性的半解析模型

IF 5.7 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

International Journal of Engineering Science

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijengsci.2025.104448

Raúl Guinovart-Díaz , Julián Bravo-Castillero , Manuel E. Cruz , Leslie D. Pérez-Fernández , Federico J. Sabina , David Guinovart

A two-dimensional, three-phase conducting composite with coated circular inclusions, periodically distributed in a parallelogram lattice, is analyzed. The phases are isotropic, with perfect contact at interfaces. The effective behavior is characterized by combining asymptotic homogenization with analytic function theory. Local problems are solved using a series expansion involving Weierstrass elliptic functions and their derivatives, with undetermined complex coefficients. Effective coefficients follow from the residue of this solution, expressed via products of infinite-dimensional vectors and matrices. Unified analytical formulas valid for any parallelogram periodic cell are derived through systematic truncation. Explicit expressions are provided for two-phase fibrous composites with perfect or imperfect interfacial contact. The results allow determination of the critical normalized interfacial thickness and conductivity enhancement in composites with annular cross sections. Gains in the effective conductivity tensor, linked to thermal barriers and parallelogram periodicity, are examined through reiterated homogenization. The model is validated through numerical examples and by comparison to available bounds showing excellent agreement up to percolation. The programs for computation are provided in an open-access repository.

研究了一种具有周期性分布于平行四边形晶格中的包覆圆形夹杂物的二维三相导电复合材料。相是各向同性的，在界面处有完美的接触。将渐近均匀化与解析函数理论相结合，对其有效行为进行了表征。局部问题的求解采用了包含复系数待定的weerstrass椭圆函数及其导数的级数展开式。有效系数来源于这个解的余数，通过无穷维向量和矩阵的乘积来表示。通过系统截断，导出了适用于任何平行四边形周期单元的统一解析公式。给出了界面接触完全或不完全的两相纤维复合材料的显式表达式。结果允许确定临界归一化界面厚度和电导率增强的复合材料与环形截面。有效电导率张量的增益，与热障和平行四边形周期性相联系，通过重复均质化进行检查。通过数值算例和与现有边界的比较，验证了该模型在渗流问题上的一致性。计算程序在一个开放存取的存储库中提供。

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