International Journal of Engineering Science最新文献

{"title":"Numerical reproduction of physiological flow conditions in complex vessel system of cerebral arteries with a porosity based method","authors":"Michał Tomaszewski ,&nbsp;Michał Kucewicz ,&nbsp;Radosław Rzepliński ,&nbsp;Marcin Paturalski ,&nbsp;Jerzy Małachowski ,&nbsp;Bogdan Ciszek","doi":"10.1016/j.ijengsci.2025.104455","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijengsci.2025.104455","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper introduces an innovative approach to modelling boundary conditions for blood flow simulations in arteries with highly complex geometries and multiple outlets. In cases where the arterial cross-section varies significantly, employing analytical models like Windkessel to represent tissue resistance becomes particularly challenging. In this study, we propose a novel approach that combines a porosity model, which induces a pressure drop, with physiological outlet pressures to achieve realistic hemodynamic conditions in blood vessels. The total proportion of blood flow through the perforators was approximately 7.2 % for the BA and 11.6 % for the MCA, while maintaining physiological velocity values in the subsequent branches. The proposed method stands out for its relative simplicity in determining porous body parameters for outlets of varying diameters by quasi-iteratively adjusting two key values of the Power Law model. A major advantage of this approach is its accessibility to non-experts in fluid mechanics, as it does not require complex model reductions to 1D. The study also examines key parameters influencing artery remodelling processes, specifically wall shear stress divergence (WSSD). Furthermore, preliminary histopathological analyses confirm that regions with low WSSD exhibit structural changes in the vessel wall, leading changes similar to intimal hyperplasia. The original data such as DICOM images, artery geometry and domain mesh for the individual representations, together with UDF files for the initial boundary conditions, have been included in the Mendeley database: DOI: 10.17632/5vxtmcwr64.3 and basilar artery model in DOI: 10.17632/ng9mrrn2r7.3.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14053,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Engineering Science","volume":"221 ","pages":"Article 104455"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2026-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145883846","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation of hemodynamics in bypass grafts for left anterior descending coronary artery revascularization: Biaxial tension tests and fluid-structure interaction simulation","authors":"Alireza Behrouz Jazi,&nbsp;Aisa Rassoli","doi":"10.1016/j.ijengsci.2025.104462","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijengsci.2025.104462","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Coronary artery occlusion is one of the most common cardiovascular diseases. In severe cases, bypass surgery is employed as a treatment, wherein a vessel is used as a bypass graft to restore blood flow by connecting the graft to the area beyond the coronary artery blockage. However, since these vessels are prone to reocclusion over time, investigating the hemodynamics of bypass flow is essential. In this study, samples of the three most common grafts, namely the saphenous vein, mammary artery, and radial artery, were obtained. Biaxial tension tests were performed on them to extract their anisotropic hyperelastic properties, which were then used in fluid-structure interaction (FSI) simulations. The results of the biaxial tension tests indicated that the saphenous vein exhibited significant stiffness compared to the other two grafts. The simulations also showed better wall shear stress distribution and higher blood flow velocities within the mammary artery. The saphenous vein exhibited large stresses and displacements at critical attachment points in both the fluid and solid domains, which may, over time, cause damage to the graft attachment and disrupt graft performance. The time average wall shear stress (TAWSS) in the toe region of the attachment area was 7.21 Pa for the saphenous vein, 5.99 Pa for the radial artery, and 3.05 Pa for the mammary artery. Additionally, the maximum displacement in the saphenous vein was 0.416 mm, 0.323 mm in the mammary artery, and 0.157 mm in the radial artery. The results of this research have potential applications in clinical cardiovascular studies and contribute to the development of practical treatment approaches.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14053,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Engineering Science","volume":"221 ","pages":"Article 104462"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2026-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145883847","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dynamics of curved domain walls in hexagonal magnetostrictive materials with nonlinear dissipation and Rashba effects","authors":"Ambalika Halder ,&nbsp;Sharad Dwivedi ,&nbsp;Shruti Dubey","doi":"10.1016/j.ijengsci.2025.104461","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijengsci.2025.104461","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study presents an analytical investigation of the dynamics of curved domain walls in a bilayer magnetostrictive–piezoelectric heterostructure, using the extended Landau–Lifshitz–Gilbert equation. The system comprises a thin magnetostrictive layer perfectly bonded to the upper surface of a thick piezoelectric layer. We consider a transversely isotropic hexagonal class of magnetostrictive materials that exhibit structural inversion asymmetry. Our analysis accounts for the coupled effects of external magnetic fields, spin-polarized electric currents, magnetoelastic interactions, magnetocrystalline anisotropy, Rashba spin–orbit fields, and nonlinear viscous-dry friction dissipation mechanisms. Employing the reductive perturbation technique, we derive explicit analytical expressions for key dynamic parameters, such as the velocity, mobility, threshold, and breakdown conditions of the domain wall motion in the steady state. Our results reveal the intricate interplay between mean curvature, Rashba field, magnetoelastic coupling, and nonlinear dissipation, which collectively govern the propagation of domain walls in the magnetostrictive layer. Further, we numerically illustrate the analytical results obtained for curved domain walls on constant-curvature surfaces, such as planes, spheres, and cylinders. The results derived here demonstrate good qualitative alignment with recent studies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14053,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Engineering Science","volume":"220 ","pages":"Article 104461"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145880985","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A semi-analytical model for effective conductivity of parallelogram-periodic fibrous composites with circular inclusions","authors":"Raúl Guinovart-Díaz ,&nbsp;Julián Bravo-Castillero ,&nbsp;Manuel E. Cruz ,&nbsp;Leslie D. Pérez-Fernández ,&nbsp;Federico J. Sabina ,&nbsp;David Guinovart","doi":"10.1016/j.ijengsci.2025.104448","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijengsci.2025.104448","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A two-dimensional, three-phase conducting composite with coated circular inclusions, periodically distributed in a parallelogram lattice, is analyzed. The phases are isotropic, with perfect contact at interfaces. The effective behavior is characterized by combining asymptotic homogenization with analytic function theory. Local problems are solved using a series expansion involving Weierstrass elliptic functions and their derivatives, with undetermined complex coefficients. Effective coefficients follow from the residue of this solution, expressed via products of infinite-dimensional vectors and matrices. Unified analytical formulas valid for any parallelogram periodic cell are derived through systematic truncation. Explicit expressions are provided for two-phase fibrous composites with perfect or imperfect interfacial contact. The results allow determination of the critical normalized interfacial thickness and conductivity enhancement in composites with annular cross sections. Gains in the effective conductivity tensor, linked to thermal barriers and parallelogram periodicity, are examined through reiterated homogenization. The model is validated through numerical examples and by comparison to available bounds showing excellent agreement up to percolation. The programs for computation are provided in an open-access repository.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14053,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Engineering Science","volume":"220 ","pages":"Article 104448"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-12-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145823306","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Coupled-translation-rotation mechanics model and design for broadband wave energy conversion in anisotropic multiphase metamaterials","authors":"Yuxuan Ma,&nbsp;Zhiwen Ren,&nbsp;Hao-Wen Dong","doi":"10.1016/j.ijengsci.2025.104450","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijengsci.2025.104450","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Elastic metamaterials typically display anisotropic scattering behavior which mainly stems from high-order modes linked to shear and rotation deformations, thus complicating the characterization of the scattering behavior. However, most existing mass-spring models can only describe the coupled in-plane motions of longitudinal and transverse waves, which naturally ignores the essential rotations. Considering the pure translation and coupled-translation-rotation motions, this study proposes two spring-interconnected mass-in-mass models with rotational symmetry, featuring 2-degree-of-freedom (2-DOF) and 3-DOF anisotropic configurations respectively. For an incident longitudinal wave, the scattered transverse wave energy in these models is theoretically demonstrated at a specific rotation angle of spring. The established scattered elastic wave energy theory associating the dynamic response with structural parameters indicates that the higher scattering energy conversion of metamaterials can be achieved if two polarization components of translation and rotation are considered simultaneously. Comparing the scattering energy conversion capabilities of uni-layer and bi-layer models reveals that the bi-layer 3-DOF anisotropic model promotes the higher-efficiency low-frequency scattering energy conversion by reducing the dynamic effective stiffness. Variations in the scattering conversion coefficient with mass and aspect ratio clarify that lightweight components and soft springs are beneficial for efficient scattering energy conversion over a low-frequency broadband range. Furthermore, by investigating damping on energy distribution of 3-DOF anisotropic model, the underlying mechanism for capturing longitudinal wave energy is identified as integrating low-frequency scattering for energy conversion with high-frequency mechanisms for energy dissipation. Consequently, the 3-DOF anisotropic model achieves reflection-free wave energy across a broadband frequency range with a small amount of loss. To validate the proposed theory, model, and the underlying mechanism, anisotropic multiphase metamaterials are inversely designed to simultaneously deliver broadband wave-energy dissipation and high load-bearing capacity. Scattering characteristic analysis indicates that the metamaterials exhibit strong anisotropy and broadband energy conversion capability, with further validation by simulations and experiments. The present study establishes a foundation for high-load-bearing metamaterial-based elastic-wave absorbers and isolators.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14053,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Engineering Science","volume":"220 ","pages":"Article 104450"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145785754","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Three-phase particle reinforced composites: Effective fields and the Mori–Tanaka method","authors":"Helmut J. Böhm","doi":"10.1016/j.ijengsci.2025.104449","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijengsci.2025.104449","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Mori–Tanaka method is a micromechanical effective-field model that approximates the local fields acting on any inhomogeneity phase by the corresponding matrix field. This assumption is tested in a case study using finite-element-based periodic homogenization for numerically evaluating the effective-field inhomogeneity concentration tensors of the reinforcement phases for a set of simple three-phase particle reinforced composites. The numerical predictions show a clear dependence of the mechanical and thermal effective fields on the material properties of the particulate phases. Even though this behavior deviates from the assumption underlying the Mori–Tanaka method, the latter provides useful approximations for the macroscopic stiffnesses and conductivities for the set of composites covered by the study.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14053,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Engineering Science","volume":"220 ","pages":"Article 104449"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145798354","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"On wave dispersion in nonlocal simplified strain gradient elasticity","authors":"Markus Lazar,&nbsp;Eleni Agiasofitou","doi":"10.1016/j.ijengsci.2025.104431","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijengsci.2025.104431","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this work, wave dispersion is investigated within the framework of nonlocal simplified strain gradient elasticity theory. This theory represents a unification of Eringen’s nonlocal elasticity theory of Helmholtz type and the simplified first strain gradient elasticity theory. It incorporates two characteristic length scale parameters, namely the characteristic length <span><math><msub><mrow><mi>ℓ</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>N</mi></mrow></msub></math></span> of nonlocal elasticity of Helmholtz type and the characteristic length <span><math><msub><mrow><mi>ℓ</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>G</mi></mrow></msub></math></span> of simplified first strain gradient elasticity. The dispersion relations as well as the phase and group velocities for longitudinal and transverse acoustic waves are analytically determined. A qualitative analysis of the phase and group velocities is also presented. It is found that nonlocal simplified strain gradient elasticity can exhibit normal or anomalous dispersion depending only on the values of the two characteristic lengths. Normal dispersion occurs when <span><math><mrow><msubsup><mrow><mi>ℓ</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>N</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msubsup><mo>&gt;</mo><msubsup><mrow><mi>ℓ</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>G</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msubsup></mrow></math></span>, whereas anomalous dispersion arises when <span><math><mrow><msubsup><mrow><mi>ℓ</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>G</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msubsup><mo>&gt;</mo><msubsup><mrow><mi>ℓ</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>N</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msubsup></mrow></math></span>. It is shown that in the case of normal dispersion, nonlocal simplified strain gradient elasticity yields physically realistic dispersive wave propagation in agreement with lattice dynamics. Moreover, a match between the obtained dispersion relations and those of the Born-von Kármán lattice model is established, leading to an important relation between the two characteristic length scales.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14053,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Engineering Science","volume":"220 ","pages":"Article 104431"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145753478","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multiscale bending model of graphene based on asymmetric elasticity: The role of microscopic bond rotation in macroscopic deformation","authors":"Yekai Zhou ,&nbsp;Xinghua Shi ,&nbsp;Yin Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.ijengsci.2025.104434","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijengsci.2025.104434","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Classical continuum mechanics models fail to capture some critical nanoscale deformation mechanisms, leading to significant deviations/errors in predicting the bending stiffness of two-dimensional (2D) materials. To address this, the model based on the asymmetric elasticity is developed to describe the micro-deformation of the bond rotation as well as the macroscopic bending deformation. The asymmetric elasticity originates from the imbalance between the transverse shear stress and interlayer tractions. The torque generated thereby is balanced by the bending and twisting of the bond. For the hexagonal system, a strain energy function which incorporates asymmetric tensors is derived from cyclic polynomials. By using the Reissner’s mixed variational theorem (RMVT), the Reissner plate model within the framework of asymmetric elasticity is developed. Additional parameters, which correlate with the asymmetric elasticity, are introduced compared with the classical plate theory. Although numerous continuum mechanics models are developed to describe the deformation of these hierarchical materials, the experimental validation of the model with the correspondence between the microscopic deformation mechanisms and the macroscopic continuum deformation mechanisms is quite few. The asymmetric parameters, which are the unknowns in the previous studies, are numerically extracted by the experimental data of the blister test. The governing equations are numerically solved and the comparison with the experiments demonstrates the capability of the model to accurately predict the bending behaviors of 2D materials. A multiscale asymmetric elasticity model is developed and it bridges the atomic-scale deformation mechanisms with the macroscopic bending behavior in 2D materials, which provides an insight in the mechanical modeling of 2D materials.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14053,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Engineering Science","volume":"220 ","pages":"Article 104434"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145731279","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"On the use of effective mass in modeling undamped mass-in-mass metamaterials","authors":"Raffaele Capuano ,&nbsp;Walter Lacarbonara ,&nbsp;Muhammad R. Hajj","doi":"10.1016/j.ijengsci.2025.104447","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijengsci.2025.104447","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The theoretical foundations of the effective mass concept in undamped mass-in-mass metamaterials are revisited to reassess its validity and physical interpretation. Within a dynamical systems framework, analytical derivations reveal that the effective mass is not an intrinsic property but a dynamic quantity linking the motion of the internal mass to the observable response of the primary mass under specific initial conditions. An infinite family of periodic orbits is identified using Poincaré maps, each characterized by an identical initial potential energy, elucidating the mathematical source of ambiguity in defining a unique effective mass. The analysis is extended to a discrete lattice of internal resonators, where a single periodic solution satisfies the periodicity constraints, confirming that the effective mass concept holds only under specific dynamic conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14053,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Engineering Science","volume":"220 ","pages":"Article 104447"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145749559","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of hematocrit levels on hemodynamics and atherosclerosis risk in the left main coronary artery: a comparative computational mechanobiological study","authors":"Seyedmajid Hosseini,&nbsp;Mohammadhossein Abdolmohammadi,&nbsp;Bahar Firoozabadi","doi":"10.1016/j.ijengsci.2025.104446","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijengsci.2025.104446","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Coronary artery disease is the leading cause of cardiovascular mortality worldwide, yet the role of altered hematocrit (Hct) in atherosclerotic plaque formation remains unclear. This study uses a mechanobiological model to computationally investigate the effect of non-Newtonian blood behavior and varying Hct on plaque formation in a three-dimensional left main coronary artery. Hct levels of 25 % (low), 45 % (normal), and 65 % (high) are investigated. The Navier–Stokes and Darcy equations are solved to model fluid flow. Coupled convection–diffusion–reaction equations for low-density lipoprotein (LDL), oxidized LDL, monocytes, macrophages, and foam cells (FC) are solved to simulate a 10-year inflammatory evolution within the arterial wall. The results reveal that as Hct increases in the non-Newtonian model, peak FC concentration within the wall decreases. After 5 years, low Hct leads to a maximum concentration that is 1.6- and 4.7-fold higher than normal and high Hct concentration respectively, and 1.2-fold higher than that in the Newtonian model. Therefore, low Hct results in maximal plaque growth. Additionally, low Hct expands the areas of high FC concentration, thereby increasing plaque burden. Moreover, in the non-Newtonian model, the ratio of peak FC concentration at 10 years to that at 5 years rises with Hct. High Hct shows a ratio that is 1.17- and 1.43-fold greater than normal and low Hct, respectively, and 1.24-fold higher than that in the Newtonian model. Therefore, high Hct accelerates plaque formation during the second half of the 10-year inflammatory process. In addition, with increasing Hct, regions of high FC concentration in the left anterior descending artery (LAD) shift from the myocardial side to the carina. These findings deepen our understanding of atherosclerosis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14053,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Engineering Science","volume":"220 ","pages":"Article 104446"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145697315","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}