International Journal of Engineering Science最新文献_第6页

Acoustofluidic polymer micropillars for efficient micromixing and nanoparticle synthesis 用于高效微混合和纳米颗粒合成的声流控聚合物微柱

IF 5.7 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

International Journal of Engineering Science

Pub Date : 2026-02-01 Epub Date: 2025-11-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijengsci.2025.104430

Abdulrahman Agha , Anas Alazzam , Eiyad Abu-Nada

Acoustofluidics has emerged as a promising field for particle manipulation and micromixing in lab-on-a-chip technologies. Among the various materials utilized in microfluidics, cyclic olefin copolymer (COC) is increasingly employed due to its excellent physical and chemical properties, low cost, and versatile fabrication methods. In this work, we demonstrated a unique approach to acoustic mixing by integrating polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) and COC microchannels with oscillating COC micropillars. These micropillars, fabricated via a COC-hydrocarbon solvent swelling microfabrication process, protrude from the COC surface and oscillate out-of-plane when actuated by a piezoelectric transducer, generating vortices that enhance mixing. A 3D numerical model was employed to optimize micropillar geometry through a parametric study of diameter and height. Both simulation and experimental results showed that smaller diameters and greater heights enhance mixing performance, with the 20 µm diameter and height configuration outperforming other designs. This geometry achieved effective mixing up to 900 µL/h (15 µL/min) and maintained observable effects even at 6000 µL/h (100 µL/min). The numerical model was validated against experimental data, with <5 % error. Finally, the PDMS-COC micropillar microchannel was successfully employed for the synthesis of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) using acoustically assisted mixing. The innovative system enabled the synthesis of high-concentration AuNPs with average sizes ranging from 15 to 35 nm and polydispersity index (PDI) <0.36. These results demonstrate the effectiveness of the micropillar-based microchannel for nanoparticle synthesis and highlight its potential for broader applications in lab-on-a-chip mixing technologies.

声流体学已经成为芯片实验室技术中粒子操纵和微混合的一个有前途的领域。在微流体中应用的各种材料中，环烯烃共聚物（COC）因其优异的物理化学性能、低廉的成本和多种制备方法而得到越来越多的应用。在这项工作中，我们展示了一种独特的声学混合方法，通过将聚二甲基硅氧烷（PDMS）和COC微通道与振荡COC微柱集成。这些微柱通过COC-碳氢化合物溶剂膨胀微加工工艺制成，在压电传感器的驱动下，从COC表面伸出，并在平面外振荡，产生涡流，增强混合。采用三维数值模型对微柱的直径和高度进行参数化研究，优化微柱的几何形状。仿真和实验结果均表明，直径和高度越小，混合性能越好，其中直径和高度为20 μ m的混合性能越好。这种几何结构实现了高达900 μ L/h （15 μ L/min）的有效混合，即使在6000 μ L/h （100 μ L/min）下也能保持可观察的效果。数值模型与实验数据进行了验证，误差为<； 5%。最后，将PDMS-COC微柱微通道成功用于声辅助混合合成金纳米颗粒（AuNPs）。该创新体系能够合成平均尺寸为15 ~ 35 nm的高浓度aunp，其多分散性指数（PDI）为0.36。这些结果证明了基于微柱的微通道在纳米颗粒合成中的有效性，并突出了其在芯片上实验室混合技术中更广泛应用的潜力。

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引用次数: 0

Mechanical behaviors of closed-cell fluid-filled porous media with surface effects 考虑表面效应的闭孔充液多孔介质力学行为

IF 5.7 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

International Journal of Engineering Science

Pub Date : 2026-02-01 Epub Date: 2025-11-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijengsci.2025.104420

Chenlei Yu , Fei Ti , Yihang Zhang , Zhao Bai , Runpei Yu , Yifan Liu , Xiangjun Peng , Cunxi Dai , Yongli Zhang , Xin Chen

The mechanical behaviors of closed-cell fluid-filled porous media (CFPM) with surface effects between fluid and solid matrix have been attracting researchers’ interest over the past decades. However, current theoretical and numerical methods mainly focus on the small deformation behaviors of the CFPM with uniform pore size, while neglecting several important features, such as the non-uniform distribution of pore sizes and finite deformation. These features, which are common in engineering materials like foams and soft composites, play a crucial role in their overall performance. In this paper, we propose a user-friendly simulation method in the commercial finite element software Comsol based on the weak form formulation of the problem with surface effects incorporated. We validate this method by comparing it with the theoretical solution of the deformation near a single fluid inclusion with surface effects. Predictions of our model demonstrate that surface tension inhibits the deformation of the fluid inclusion, resulting in three distinct states: normal state, growth state, and shrinkage state. Next, we employ a homogenization method to develop an approximate theoretical solution for dual-scale CFPM and examine their equivalent mechanical properties. The shear modulus of dual-scale CFPM is influenced by the compressibility of the internal fluids, in contrast to CFPM with single-sized pores. This effect arises primarily from the different deformation modes of pores at varying scales with the same surface tension, which is verified by the two-level homogenization solution. We also examined the mechanical properties of CFPM with Gaussian-distributed pore sizes, finding that surface effects are inhibited compared to single-pore-size CFPM, especially as the standard deviation of pore radii increases. Finally, we investigated the industry challenge of finite deformation of CFPM with surface effects, the approach demonstrates that the Neo-Hookean model predicted by the microstructure, based on existing effective moduli, remains accurate up to 50% strain for multiple loading cases. These results provide theoretical support and technical guidance for engineers in structural design, process optimization, and performance prediction of CFPM.

近几十年来，具有流固两相表面效应的闭孔充液多孔介质（CFPM）的力学行为一直是研究人员关注的热点。然而，目前的理论和数值方法主要集中在均匀孔径CFPM的小变形行为上，而忽略了孔隙尺寸的非均匀分布和有限变形等几个重要特征。这些特征在泡沫和软复合材料等工程材料中很常见，对其整体性能起着至关重要的作用。在本文中，我们提出了一种在商业有限元软件Comsol中用户友好的模拟方法，该方法基于考虑表面效应的问题的弱形式公式。通过与考虑表面效应的单一流体包裹体附近变形的理论解进行比较，验证了该方法的有效性。我们的模型预测表明，表面张力抑制流体包裹体的变形，导致三种不同的状态：正常状态、生长状态和收缩状态。接下来，我们采用均匀化方法建立了双尺度CFPM的近似理论解，并检验了它们的等效力学性能。与单孔CFPM相比，双尺度CFPM的剪切模量受内部流体可压缩性的影响。这种效应主要是由于相同表面张力下不同尺度孔隙的不同变形模式造成的，两级均匀化溶液验证了这一点。我们还研究了具有高斯分布孔径的CFPM的力学性能，发现与单孔径CFPM相比，表面效应受到抑制，特别是随着孔径半径标准差的增加。最后，我们研究了具有表面效应的CFPM有限变形的行业挑战，该方法表明，基于现有有效模量的微观结构预测的Neo-Hookean模型在多种加载情况下仍然准确到50%的应变。研究结果为CFPM的结构设计、工艺优化和性能预测提供了理论支持和技术指导。

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引用次数: 0

Predicting thrombus formation and growth in patient-specific models of aortic dissection: a multiphase approach based on porous media theory 预测主动脉夹层患者特异性模型血栓形成和生长：基于多孔介质理论的多阶段方法

IF 5.7 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

International Journal of Engineering Science

Pub Date : 2026-02-01 Epub Date: 2025-11-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijengsci.2025.104423

Xiaofan Li , Xuehuan Zhang , Yuan Xue , Xuyang Zhang , Linyu Qin , Xiaoyu Yang , Jiang Xiong , Chiyu Xie , Shuaitong Zhang , Duanduan Chen

Aortic dissection represents a life-threatening vascular emergency with significant morbidity and mortality. Traditional models for predicting aortic thrombosis often depend on complex biochemical parameters, lack clearly defined phase interfaces, and require extensive computational time. Existing porous media algorithms are limited in their ability to accurately capture the dynamic processes of thrombus growth and hemodynamic changes, largely due to imprecise physical formulations. This study presents a novel multiphase porous media approach for predicting thrombus formation in various types of aortic dissection, which is innovatively applied to a large number of patient-specific aortic models. By incorporating an extended Darcy–Brinkman–Stokes (DBS) equation to explicitly model the interaction between solid and liquid phases, and introducing a novel porosity equation to simplify platelet transport and deposition, the method achieves substantial improvements in computational efficiency. Applied to computed tomography-based reconstructions, the algorithm demonstrated high predictive accuracy, achieving a correlation coefficient of 0.97 between predicted and actual thrombus volumes in 12 cases of partial false lumen and 9 cases of complete false lumen. The average prediction time per case was reduced to 40 min, representing a 70 % improvement in efficiency. Furthermore, the study investigated mechanical factors underlying enhanced postoperative recovery in patients with complete false lumens and introduced an acceleration factor to align simulation time with actual thrombus progression. By integrating a mechanically grounded thrombus evolution model, this method enables rapid, dynamic predictions, thereby supporting timely clinical decision-making and facilitating the development of personalized treatment strategies for patients with aortic dissection.

主动脉夹层是危及生命的血管急症，具有显著的发病率和死亡率。传统的主动脉血栓预测模型往往依赖于复杂的生化参数，缺乏明确定义的相界面，并且需要大量的计算时间。现有的多孔介质算法在准确捕捉血栓生长和血流动力学变化的动态过程方面受到限制，这主要是由于不精确的物理配方。本研究提出了一种新的多相多孔介质预测各种类型主动脉夹层血栓形成的方法，并创新地应用于大量患者特异性主动脉模型。该方法采用扩展的DBS （Darcy-Brinkman-Stokes）方程来明确地模拟固液相之间的相互作用，并引入新的孔隙度方程来简化血小板的运输和沉积，从而大大提高了计算效率。将该算法应用于基于计算机断层成像的重建中，预测精度较高，在12例部分假腔和9例完全假腔中，预测血栓体积与实际血栓体积的相关系数为0.97。每个病例的平均预测时间减少到40分钟，效率提高了70%。此外，该研究还研究了完全假腔患者术后恢复增强的机械因素，并引入了一个加速因素，使模拟时间与实际血栓进展保持一致。通过集成基于机械的血栓演化模型，该方法可以实现快速、动态的预测，从而支持及时的临床决策，促进主动脉夹层患者个性化治疗策略的制定。

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引用次数: 0

Mechanics of re-damage and re-healing in continuum damage and healing mechanics of materials 材料连续损伤中的再损伤与再修复力学

IF 5.7 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

International Journal of Engineering Science

Pub Date : 2026-02-01 Epub Date: 2025-11-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijengsci.2025.104432

George Z. Voyiadjis, Peter I. Kattan

This work presents a unified thermodynamic framework that incorporates primary and secondary damage and healing variables, enabling the modeling of re-damage and re-healing under cyclic loading. The damage is characterized by the reduction in stiffness of the material and other material properties. A new secondary damage variable is introduced that may account for re-damage of the healed material. This addresses damage and healing after the initial or subsequent damage/healing occurred. It is a consequence of reloading the material or structure. This is then followed by the introduction of a new secondary healing variable that may account for the re-healing of the damaged material. This process may continue indefinitely in a continuous manner. These ideas and new concepts are explored here based on sound mathematical and thermodynamic treatment. It should be noted that the idea of re-damage of the healed material has appeared previously in the literature, but here it is afforded a consistent and systematic mathematical treatment. This allows for the proper physical interpretation that accounts for damage/healing occurring in subsequent unloading/reloading sequences. Both the scalar and tensorial formulations are presented. Finally, as an example, the problem of plane stress, plane damage, and plane healing is illustrated in detail. Two application examples from the aerospace industry are illustrated. Comparisons with experimental observations with two different materials are also shown. In the two materials investigated, plastic deformation is involved and is accounted for in the model as well as in the thermodynamics section.

这项工作提出了一个统一的热力学框架，其中包括初级和次级损伤和愈合变量，使循环加载下的再损伤和再修复建模成为可能。损伤的特征是材料的刚度和其他材料性能的降低。引入了一个新的二次损伤变量，可以解释愈合材料的再损伤。这涉及初始或后续伤害/治疗发生后的伤害和治疗。它是重新加载材料或结构的结果。然后引入一个新的次级愈合变量，可以解释受损材料的再愈合。这个过程可能以连续的方式无限期地继续下去。这些思想和新概念是在完善的数学和热力学处理的基础上探讨的。应该指出的是，愈合材料的再损伤的想法已经出现在以前的文献中，但这里提供了一个一致的和系统的数学处理。这允许适当的物理解释，说明在随后的卸载/重新加载序列中发生的伤害/治疗。给出了标量公式和张量公式。最后，作为一个例子，详细说明了平面应力、平面损伤和平面愈合问题。给出了航空航天工业的两个应用实例。并与两种不同材料的实验结果进行了比较。在研究的两种材料中，塑性变形被涉及，并在模型和热力学部分中被考虑。

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引用次数: 0

The effect of wall thickness on the scattering of electromagnetic waves by open-ended rectangular cavities 壁厚对开放式矩形空腔电磁波散射的影响

IF 5.7 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

International Journal of Engineering Science

Pub Date : 2026-02-01 Epub Date: 2025-11-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijengsci.2025.104419

Oğuzhan Demiryürek, Filiz Bi̇rbi̇r Ünal

The scattering of electromagnetic waves by an infinitely long rectangular cavity with finite wall thickness is rigorously analyzed for E-polarization by developing a modified Wiener–Hopf formulation that extends the classical procedure to non-canonical geometries. The finite wall thickness introduces additional waveguide sections and coupling interfaces, which break the half-plane geometry underlying the standard Wiener–Hopf procedure. To overcome this challenge, the problem is reformulated as a system of modified Wiener–Hopf equations of the third kind (MWHE-3) by integrating the mode-matching technique within the cavity and wall regions. The resulting formulation accommodates the multiple reflections and modal interactions introduced by thick walls while preserving the mathematical rigor and edge condition satisfaction characteristic of the Wiener–Hopf approach. The solution involves coupled infinite systems of linear algebraic equations, efficiently solved through truncation. The scattered field is then evaluated using the inverse Fourier transform and saddle-point techniques. Numerical examples demonstrate the influence of wall thickness on the diffraction characteristics.

通过建立一个改进的Wiener-Hopf公式，将经典过程扩展到非正则几何，对具有有限壁厚的无限长矩形腔的电磁波散射进行了严格的e极化分析。有限的壁厚引入了额外的波导部分和耦合接口，这打破了标准Wiener-Hopf程序的半平面几何结构。为了克服这一挑战，该问题被重新表述为一个修正的第三类Wiener-Hopf方程（MWHE-3）系统，通过在腔和壁区域内集成模式匹配技术。所得到的公式适应了厚壁引入的多重反射和模态相互作用，同时保留了维纳-霍普夫方法的数学严谨性和边缘条件满足特征。该解决方案涉及线性代数方程的耦合无限系统，通过截断有效地解决。然后使用傅里叶反变换和鞍点技术评估散射场。数值算例验证了壁厚对衍射特性的影响。

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引用次数: 0

An Eulerian formulation of a size-dependent anisotropic non-Newtonian viscous Cosserat fluid 尺寸相关各向异性非牛顿粘性coserat流体的欧拉公式

IF 5.7 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

International Journal of Engineering Science

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-11-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijengsci.2025.104418

M.B. Rubin

An Eulerian formulation of a size-dependent three-dimensional Cosserat continuum is developed for purely mechanical response of an anisotropic non-Newtonian viscous Cosserat fluid. The constitutive equations are Eulerian in the sense that they depend only on quantities that can be determined in the current state of the fluid. The Cosserat theory admits a triad of linearly independent deformable directors vectors at each material point, which are determined by higher-order balances of director momentum. It is shown that the balance of angular momentum of the Cosserat fluid imposes a non-trivial restriction on coupling between kinetic and kinematic variables that is satisfied by the proposed constitutive equations. An analytical solution of anisotropic Newtonian viscous fluid flow in a channel demonstrates size-dependence of the pressure driving the flow that is not present in the standard solution of a simple viscous fluid.

针对各向异性非牛顿粘性Cosserat流体的纯力学响应，建立了尺寸相关的三维Cosserat连续体的欧拉公式。本构方程是欧拉式的，因为它们只依赖于流体当前状态下可以确定的量。coserat理论承认在每个质点上存在线性独立的可变形指向向量，它们由指向动量的高阶平衡决定。结果表明，coserat流体的角动量平衡对动力学变量和运动学变量之间的耦合施加了非平凡的限制，所提出的本构方程满足了这一限制。一个各向异性牛顿粘性流体在通道中流动的解析解证明了驱动流动的压力的大小依赖性，这在简单粘性流体的标准解中是不存在的。

引用次数: 0

Rayleigh waves within Eringen’s nonlocal elasticity theory: Use of modified kernels Eringen非局部弹性理论中的瑞利波：修正核的使用

IF 5.7 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

International Journal of Engineering Science

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-10-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijengsci.2025.104398

P.A. Martin

Eringen’s original linear theory of nonlocal elasticity involves integral operators. We apply a modified version of this theory to the problem of waves in an elastic half-space. The modification ensures that the traction-free conditions on the flat boundary are incorporated into the choice of kernels in the integral operators. We solve the governing equations exactly and show that the resulting solutions do not represent surface waves.

Eringen的非局部弹性的原始线性理论涉及到积分算子。我们把这个理论的一个修正版本应用于弹性半空间中的波问题。这种修正保证了平面边界上的无牵引条件被纳入到积分算子核的选择中。我们精确地求解了控制方程，并证明了得到的解不代表表面波。

引用次数: 0

Water hammer runs in elastically supported pipeline and the impact of system vibrations on pressure amplitudes reduction 水锤在弹性支撑管道中运行，系统振动对压力幅值减小的影响

IF 5.7 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

International Journal of Engineering Science

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-10-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijengsci.2025.104400

Slawomir Henclik, Waldemar Janicki

Energy transfers and dissipation are important factors within water hammer (WH) runs allowing to reduce pressure amplitudes and other undesired effects like pipeline stresses and vibration. Friction between viscous liquid and pipe walls was a primary identified and accounted effect however, energy can be also dissipated in the structure. A mechanism considered commonly by scientists are internal losses in pipe material. Broader dissipation possibilities appear when the pipeline system is significantly elastic and dynamic fluid structure interaction (FSI) takes place. Among other behaviors, energy can be lost at viscoelastic pipe supports, then. An initial motivation of this study was a detail understanding of a specific result established within WH-FSI experiments conducted at a laboratory pipeline fixed with elastic supports. It was found that reduction of WH pressures in time was faster for a pipeline fixed with less rigid supports. An important remark on this effect is, that elastic elements used in experiments had similar and small damping properties. Explanations of this behavior are proposed and analyzed in this study. One of them is a slip damping mechanism, which can appear at the supports. Logarithmic damping decrement (LDD) is used as a measure of WH amplitudes reduction. An original and novel concept presented is a development and verification of analytical formula for LDD of WH pressure oscillations in a quasi-rigid pipeline, produced by quasi-static hydraulic losses. Additional analyses of measured results, discussion and conclusions are presented in the paper, as well.

能量传递和耗散是水锤（WH）运行中的重要因素，可以降低压力振幅和其他不良影响，如管道应力和振动。粘性液体与管壁之间的摩擦是主要的确定和考虑的影响，然而，能量也可以在结构中耗散。科学家们普遍认为的一种机制是管道材料的内部损失。当管道系统具有较强的弹性且发生动流固耦合时，耗散可能性较大。在其他行为中，粘弹性管道支撑可能会损失能量。这项研究的最初动机是详细了解在实验室管道固定弹性支架上进行的WH-FSI实验中建立的特定结果。研究发现，对于刚性支承较少的管道，管道压力的及时降低速度更快。关于这种效应的一个重要说明是，实验中使用的弹性元件具有相似的小阻尼特性。本研究提出并分析了这种行为的解释。其中之一是滑移阻尼机构，它可以出现在支撑处。对数阻尼减量（LDD）被用作WH幅度减小的度量。提出了一种新颖的概念，对准刚性管道中由准静态水力损失产生的水压力振荡的LDD分析公式进行了发展和验证。本文还对测量结果进行了分析、讨论和结论。

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引用次数: 0

Development of a versatile indoor framework for the measurement of tyre compound friction and wear 用于测量轮胎复合摩擦和磨损的多功能室内框架的开发

IF 5.7 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

International Journal of Engineering Science

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-10-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijengsci.2025.104402

Andrea Genovese, Guido Napolitano Dell’Annunziata, Emanuele Lenzi, Aleksandr Sakhnevych, Francesco Timpone, Flavio Farroni

Maximising tyre performance requires balancing conflicting targets, grip, wear resistance, and rolling efficiency, while accelerating development. In this context, tribological characterisation at compound level supports faster prototyping and reduces reliance on full-scale testing. Although standards for rubber friction testing exist, they are rarely followed in literature, and procedures are often underreported. This work addresses that gap by presenting the complete development of an experimental framework for rubber friction and wear testing, with particular focus on tyre tread compound, from the definition of functional requirements to the design of a novel linear friction tester and the implementation of a robust testing methodology. The Ground Rubber Interface Performance (GRIP) tester was designed for high versatility and cost-effectiveness. A key feature is the open-access architecture, which allows practical surface management and rapid retooling. A custom back-heating system ensures uniform specimen temperature even under varying test conditions. The methodology focuses on critical but overlooked aspects: specimen conditioning, surface rubberisation, and temperature control. Case studies demonstrate the repeatability of results and the system’s sensitivity to key input parameters. Additional tests confirm the platform’s adaptability to non-tyre tribological applications.

轮胎性能的最大化需要平衡相互冲突的目标、抓地力、耐磨性和滚动效率，同时加速发展。在这种情况下，化合物级的摩擦学特性支持更快的原型制作，并减少对全尺寸测试的依赖。虽然存在橡胶摩擦测试的标准，但在文献中很少遵循，并且程序经常被低估。这项工作通过展示橡胶摩擦和磨损测试实验框架的完整发展来解决这一差距，特别关注轮胎胎面化合物，从功能需求的定义到新型线性摩擦测试仪的设计以及稳健测试方法的实施。地面橡胶界面性能（GRIP）测试仪是为高通用性和成本效益而设计的。一个关键的特点是开放访问架构，它允许实际的表面管理和快速的重新加工。一个定制的背加热系统，确保均匀的试样温度，即使在不同的测试条件。该方法侧重于关键但被忽视的方面：样品调理，表面橡胶化和温度控制。案例研究证明了结果的可重复性和系统对关键输入参数的敏感性。额外的测试证实了该平台对非轮胎摩擦学应用的适应性。

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引用次数: 0

Corrigendum to ‘Lagrangian theory of extensible elastica with arbitrary undeformed shape’ [International Journal of Engineering Science 217 (2025) 104383] “具有任意未变形形状的可扩展弹性的拉格朗日理论”的勘误表[国际工程科学杂志217 (2025)104383]

IF 5.7 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

International Journal of Engineering Science

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-11-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijengsci.2025.104408

Alessandro Taloni , Daniele Vilone , Giuseppe Ruta

引用次数: 0