International Journal of Engineering Science最新文献_第2页

Chain structure for ceramic lattices with improved energy absorption and delayed failure 具有改善能量吸收和延迟失效的陶瓷晶格链结构

IF 5.7 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

International Journal of Engineering Science

Pub Date : 2026-05-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijengsci.2026.104479

Xianfeng Yang , Leyang Cheng , Hua Liu , Sicong Zhou , Jialing Yang

Ceramic lattices hold promise for structural and functional applications due to its lightweight and high specific strength. However, the brittle fracture of ceramic lattices under quasi-static or dynamic loading significantly limits the applications in energy absorption. To address this challenge, this study proposes a chain-lattice composite energy absorber inspired by the mortise and tenon joint. The chain structure operates as a generalizable mechanical principle by transforming tensile loads into confined axial compression within an internal energy-absorbing core, thereby suppressing the development of tensile strain in non-loading directions. This boundary confinement strategy effectively delayed global failure and enhanced energy absorption through controlled damage progression and stress redistribution. Quasi-static compression tests on various ceramic lattices revealed distinct deformation modes and failure mechanisms under unconstrained loading. Furthermore, quasi-static and dynamic tensile experiments on chain structure filled with lattices provided insights into constrained failure behavior and energy absorption characteristics under constrained loading. The results demonstrate that ceramic lattices within chain structure can absorb kinetic energy even after brittle fractures occur. Compared to unconstrained situations, the effective displacement of lattices under constraint can be increased by at least 19 times and the specific energy absorption can be increased by over 17 times. Notably, the BCC lattice-based chain absorber exhibits a stress plateau and large effective displacement, highlighting its ability to delay failure through progressive densification. This study provides a novel design strategy for enhancing the energy absorption capacity and delaying global failure in brittle materials, bridging core mechanical principles with practical applications in impact protection.

陶瓷晶格由于其重量轻，比强度高，在结构和功能应用方面有着广阔的前景。然而，陶瓷晶格在准静态或动态载荷下的脆性断裂严重限制了其在吸能方面的应用。为了解决这一挑战，本研究提出了一种受榫卯连接启发的链-晶格复合能量吸收器。链条结构是一种可推广的机械原理，通过将拉伸载荷转化为内部吸能核心内的受限轴向压缩，从而抑制非加载方向上拉伸应变的发展。这种边界约束策略通过控制损伤进展和应力重分布，有效延缓了整体破坏，增强了能量吸收。对各种陶瓷晶格进行了准静态压缩试验，揭示了在无约束载荷作用下不同的变形模式和破坏机制。此外，对栅格填充链结构进行了准静态和动态拉伸实验，揭示了约束载荷下的约束破坏行为和能量吸收特性。结果表明，即使发生脆性断裂，链状结构内的陶瓷晶格仍能吸收动能。与无约束情况相比，约束条件下晶格的有效位移增加了至少19倍，比能量吸收增加了17倍以上。值得注意的是，基于BCC晶格的链吸收器显示出应力平台和大的有效位移，突出了其通过渐进致密化延迟破坏的能力。该研究为提高脆性材料的能量吸收能力和延缓整体破坏提供了一种新的设计策略，将核心力学原理与冲击防护的实际应用联系起来。

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引用次数: 0

Additive general integral equations in thermoelastic micromechanics of composites 复合材料热弹性细观力学中的加性一般积分方程

IF 5.7 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

International Journal of Engineering Science

Pub Date : 2026-05-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijengsci.2026.104495

Valeriy A. Buryachenko

This work presents an enhanced Computational Analytical Micromechanics (CAM) framework for the analysis of linear thermoelastic composite materials (CMs) with random microstructure. The proposed approach is grounded in an exact Additive General Integral Equation (AGIE), specifically formulated for compactly supported loading, including both body forces and localized thermal changes (such as those from laser heating). New general integral equations (GIEs) for arbitrary mechanical and thermal loading are proposed. A unified iterative solution strategy is developed for the static AGIE, applicable to CMs with both perfectly and imperfectly bonded interfaces, where the compact support of loading is introduced as a new fundamental training parameter. Central to this methodology is a generalized Representative Volume Element (RVE) concept, which extends Hill’s classical definition. The resulting RVE is not predefined geometrically, but rather emerges from the characteristic scale of the localized loading, effectively reducing the analysis of an infinite, randomly heterogeneous medium to a finite, data-driven domain. This generalized RVE approach enables automatic exclusion of unrepresentative subsets of effective parameters, while inherently eliminating boundary effects, edge artifacts, and finite size limitations. Moreover, the AGIE-based CAM framework is naturally compatible with machine learning (ML) and neural network (NN) architectures, facilitating the construction of accurate and physically informed surrogate nonlocal operators.

这项工作提出了一个增强的计算分析微力学（CAM）框架，用于分析具有随机微观结构的线性热弹性复合材料（CMs）。所提出的方法基于精确的可加性一般积分方程（AGIE），该方程专门为紧凑支承载荷制定，包括体力和局部热变化（如激光加热）。提出了适用于任意机械和热载荷的通用积分方程。提出了一种适用于完美和非完美结合界面的CMs静态AGIE的统一迭代求解策略，并将加载紧致支撑作为新的基本训练参数引入其中。该方法的核心是一个广义的代表性体积元素（RVE）概念，它扩展了Hill的经典定义。得到的RVE不是几何上预先定义的，而是从局部加载的特征尺度中产生的，有效地将无限的、随机的非均匀介质的分析减少到有限的、数据驱动的域。这种广义RVE方法能够自动排除有效参数的非代表性子集，同时内在地消除边界效应、边缘工件和有限尺寸限制。此外，基于agi的CAM框架与机器学习（ML）和神经网络（NN）架构自然兼容，有助于构建准确且物理知情的代理非局部算子。

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引用次数: 0

Numerical reproduction of physiological flow conditions in complex vessel system of cerebral arteries with a porosity based method 基于孔隙度方法的脑动脉复杂血管系统生理流动条件的数值再现

IF 5.7 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

International Journal of Engineering Science

Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijengsci.2025.104455

Michał Tomaszewski , Michał Kucewicz , Radosław Rzepliński , Marcin Paturalski , Jerzy Małachowski , Bogdan Ciszek

This paper introduces an innovative approach to modelling boundary conditions for blood flow simulations in arteries with highly complex geometries and multiple outlets. In cases where the arterial cross-section varies significantly, employing analytical models like Windkessel to represent tissue resistance becomes particularly challenging. In this study, we propose a novel approach that combines a porosity model, which induces a pressure drop, with physiological outlet pressures to achieve realistic hemodynamic conditions in blood vessels. The total proportion of blood flow through the perforators was approximately 7.2 % for the BA and 11.6 % for the MCA, while maintaining physiological velocity values in the subsequent branches. The proposed method stands out for its relative simplicity in determining porous body parameters for outlets of varying diameters by quasi-iteratively adjusting two key values of the Power Law model. A major advantage of this approach is its accessibility to non-experts in fluid mechanics, as it does not require complex model reductions to 1D. The study also examines key parameters influencing artery remodelling processes, specifically wall shear stress divergence (WSSD). Furthermore, preliminary histopathological analyses confirm that regions with low WSSD exhibit structural changes in the vessel wall, leading changes similar to intimal hyperplasia. The original data such as DICOM images, artery geometry and domain mesh for the individual representations, together with UDF files for the initial boundary conditions, have been included in the Mendeley database: DOI: 10.17632/5vxtmcwr64.3 and basilar artery model in DOI: 10.17632/ng9mrrn2r7.3.

本文介绍了一种创新的方法来模拟具有高度复杂几何形状和多个出口的动脉血流模拟的边界条件。在动脉横截面变化显著的情况下，采用Windkessel等分析模型来表示组织阻力变得特别具有挑战性。在这项研究中，我们提出了一种新的方法，将孔隙率模型与生理出口压力相结合，以实现血管中真实的血流动力学条件。通过穿支的总血流比例在BA约为7.2%，MCA约为11.6%，同时在随后的分支中保持生理速度值。该方法通过准迭代调整幂律模型的两个关键值来确定不同直径出口的多孔体参数，其特点是相对简单。这种方法的一个主要优点是它不需要将复杂的模型简化为一维，因此对于非流体力学专家来说也很容易使用。该研究还研究了影响动脉重构过程的关键参数，特别是壁剪切应力散度（WSSD）。此外，初步的组织病理学分析证实，低WSSD区域的血管壁发生结构变化，导致类似内膜增生的变化。原始数据，如DICOM图像、动脉几何形状和用于单独表示的域网格，以及用于初始边界条件的UDF文件，已包含在Mendeley数据库中：DOI: 10.17632/5vxtmcwr64.3，基底动脉模型包含在DOI: 10.17632/ng9mrrn2r7.3。

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引用次数: 0

Dispersive waves in microstructure-informed peridynamic continua 微观结构通知周动力连续体中的色散波

IF 5.7 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

International Journal of Engineering Science

Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijengsci.2026.104475

Vito Diana, Alessandro Fortunati, Andrea Bacigalupo

We examine the dispersion behavior and spatial attenuation of generalized oriented peridynamic continua with non-central pair-potential interactions. The free-wave propagation problem is analyzed analytically through integral transform methods, enabling the closed-form derivation of dispersion relations for real-valued wavenumbers. A complementary perturbation approach is proposed to investigate the spatial attenuation behavior, derive the full band structure, and systematically explore the dispersive response of the model for complex wavenumbers, achieving progressively higher accuracy with increasing order of the truncated expansions. The integro-differential nature of the governing equations, together with the enhanced kinematic description and pairwise interaction formalism, provides a natural framework to represent the dynamic behavior of mechanical metamaterials — such as beam- and block-lattice systems — traditionally modeled through discrete Lagrangian formulations. A central result of this study shows that the oriented peridynamic continuum with pairwise potentials — also referred to as a continuum–molecular model, to emphasize its blend of continuous mass distribution and discrete-like kinematics — successfully reproduces both the acoustic and optical branches of the architected material when the horizon approaches the characteristic microstructural lengths, a capability unattainable in conventional peridynamic continua. Furthermore, the microstructure-informed oriented model typically attains higher accuracy than a micropolar continuum derived via standard continualisation of the lattice-like material equations. The theoretical framework is validated, and its physical implications are further illustrated through a case study of forced wave propagation in architected block-lattice materials featuring a hexagonal topology.

研究了具有非中心对势相互作用的广义定向周动力学连续体的色散行为和空间衰减。利用积分变换方法对自由波传播问题进行了解析分析，实现了实值波数色散关系的封闭式推导。提出了一种互补摄动方法来研究空间衰减行为，推导全带结构，系统地探索复波数模型的色散响应，随着截断展开阶数的增加，精度逐渐提高。控制方程的积分-微分性质，加上增强的运动学描述和配对相互作用的形式，提供了一个自然的框架来表示机械超材料的动态行为-例如梁和块格系统-传统上通过离散拉格朗日公式建模。本研究的一个核心结果表明，具有两两势能的定向周动力连续体——也被称为连续分子模型，以强调其连续质量分布和离散运动学的混合——在水平接近特征微观结构长度时成功地再现了建筑材料的声学和光学分支，这是传统的周动力连续体无法实现的能力。此外，微观结构导向模型通常比通过晶格状材料方程的标准连续化推导的微极性连续体获得更高的精度。理论框架得到了验证，其物理意义通过具有六边形拓扑结构的块格材料中强制波传播的案例研究进一步说明。

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引用次数: 0

Heaviside-free microsphere-based formulation to smoothly attenuate the compression response in arterial tissues 无重质微球配方，平滑地减弱动脉组织的压缩反应

IF 5.7 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

International Journal of Engineering Science

Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijengsci.2026.104477

Rahul Kumar, K. Arvind, K. Kannan

A realistic description of the transverse strain in uniaxial tension remains a significant limitation of existing angular-integral models (AngI/AngIx) for distributed fibres. These models exhibit a premature perversion point, defined as the point at which the sign reversal of the out-of-plane transverse strain occurs, together with an overprediction of radial thickening. In the limit of unidirectional fibres, they yield identical shear responses in distinct shear modes, diminishing their predictive capability. Although incorporating both invariants,

I_{4}

and

I_{5}

, could mitigate these issues, the tension–compression switching criterion using the Heaviside function may ultimately counteract these improvements.

An alternative to handling the contribution of compressed fibres within a distribution is to smoothly attenuate it using a vanishing matched invariant constructed from both the

I_{4}

and

I_{5}

invariants. Although the resulting switchless constitutive relation (VanGOH (Arvind and Kannan, 2025)), based on the averaged matched invariant, mitigates several of the limitations associated with the switching criterion in generalised structure tensor frameworks, its non-integral structure restricts its ability to accurately reproduce both shear and normal stress responses under general in-plane biaxial loading. To overcome these shortcomings, we introduce VanAngI, an angular–integration–based, Heaviside-free model developed within the framework of vanishing matched invariants. VanAngI (1) achieves a 42% reduction in the uniaxial fitting error compared with the AngIx model while correctly capturing the sign of the experimental out-of-plane Poisson’s ratio, (2) accurately resolves the simple shear response, and (3) delivers consistently superior biaxial predictions—all while using at most two fibre families and a minimal set of material parameters.

对于现有的角积分模型（AngI/AngIx）来说，对单轴拉伸下横向应变的真实描述仍然是分布式纤维的一个重大限制。这些模型表现出一个过早的反常点，定义为面外横向应变的符号反转发生的点，以及对径向增厚的过度预测。在单向纤维的极限下，它们在不同的剪切模式下产生相同的剪切响应，从而降低了它们的预测能力。虽然合并两个不变量I4和I5可以缓解这些问题，但使用Heaviside函数的张力-压缩切换准则最终可能会抵消这些改进。处理分布内压缩纤维贡献的另一种方法是使用由I4和I5不变量构建的消失匹配不变量平滑地衰减它。尽管由此产生的基于平均匹配不变量的无切换本构关系（VanGOH (Arvind and Kannan, 2025)）减轻了广义结构张量框架中与切换准则相关的几个限制，但其非积分结构限制了其在一般平面内双轴载荷下准确再现剪切和法向应力响应的能力。为了克服这些缺点，我们引入了VanAngI，这是一种在消失匹配不变量框架内开发的基于角积分的无heaviside模型。与AngIx模型相比，VanAngI(1)在正确捕获实验面外泊松比的符号的同时，实现了单轴拟合误差降低42%，(2)准确地解决了简单的剪切响应，(3)提供了一致的卓越的双轴预测——所有这些都是在最多使用两个纤维族和最小的材料参数集的情况下完成的。

{"title":"Heaviside-free microsphere-based formulation to smoothly attenuate the compression response in arterial tissues","authors":"Rahul Kumar, K. Arvind, K. Kannan","doi":"10.1016/j.ijengsci.2026.104477","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijengsci.2026.104477","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A realistic description of the transverse strain in uniaxial tension remains a significant limitation of existing angular-integral models (AngI/AngIx) for distributed fibres. These models exhibit a premature <em>perversion point</em>, defined as the point at which the sign reversal of the out-of-plane transverse strain occurs, together with an overprediction of radial thickening. In the limit of unidirectional fibres, they yield identical shear responses in distinct shear modes, diminishing their predictive capability. Although incorporating both invariants, <span><math><msub><mrow><mi>I</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>4</mn></mrow></msub></math></span> and <span><math><msub><mrow><mi>I</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>5</mn></mrow></msub></math></span>, could mitigate these issues, the tension–compression switching criterion using the Heaviside function may ultimately counteract these improvements.</div><div>An alternative to handling the contribution of compressed fibres within a distribution is to smoothly attenuate it using a vanishing matched invariant constructed from both the <span><math><msub><mrow><mi>I</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>4</mn></mrow></msub></math></span> and <span><math><msub><mrow><mi>I</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>5</mn></mrow></msub></math></span> invariants. Although the resulting switchless constitutive relation (VanGOH (Arvind and Kannan, 2025)), based on the averaged matched invariant, mitigates several of the limitations associated with the switching criterion in generalised structure tensor frameworks, its non-integral structure restricts its ability to accurately reproduce both shear and normal stress responses under general in-plane biaxial loading. To overcome these shortcomings, we introduce <em>VanAngI</em>, an angular–integration–based, Heaviside-free model developed within the framework of vanishing matched invariants. VanAngI (1) achieves a 42% reduction in the uniaxial fitting error compared with the AngIx model while correctly capturing the sign of the experimental out-of-plane Poisson’s ratio, (2) accurately resolves the simple shear response, and (3) delivers consistently superior biaxial predictions—all while using at most two fibre families and a minimal set of material parameters.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14053,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Engineering Science","volume":"221 ","pages":"Article 104477"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146001124","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A thermodynamically consistent phase-field model of martensitic nano-twin evolution in NiTi alloys: effects of stress, temperature, and elastic anisotropy NiTi合金中马氏体纳米孪晶演化的热力学一致相场模型：应力、温度和弹性各向异性的影响

IF 5.7 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

International Journal of Engineering Science

Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijengsci.2026.104470

Mojtaba Adaei-Khafri, Mohammad Javad Ashrafi, Fathollah Taheri-Behrooz

This research presents a three-dimensional, thermodynamically consistent phase-field model for nanoscale martensitic transformation in NiTi (B2 → B19′) implemented in a finite-element COMSOL framework. The novelty of this work lies in its physics-based approach to modeling the martensitic transformation and nano-twin evolution in NiTi alloys. We incorporate elastic anisotropy and surface stress using 2-3-4-5 polynomial energy functions characterized by physically meaningful parameters for energy contributions. Furthermore, to enhance computational efficiency in solving these complex equations, we employ a reduced-order parameter approach where three order parameters represent six martensitic variants in two-dimensional simulations. In contrast to models calibrated against macroscopic data, our physical parameters are derived directly from NiTi's strain-energy landscape. This approach ensures an accurate representation of the transformation energy barriers and stresses, thereby enabling a thermodynamically consistent analysis of fundamental mechanisms such as nucleation barrier and variant interactions. This study successfully reproduces both the banded and herringbone morphologies frequently observed in experimental studies. Elastic anisotropy is identified as the dominance driver of variant selection and the formation of banded and herringbone patterns. Furthermore, the results indicate that a higher associated driving force promotes the growth of dominant, preferentially oriented variants. Specifically, higher stress increases the phase concentration and promotes the formation of wider martensitic variant bands, while a lower cooling temperature increases the nucleation rate, thereby resulting in thinner bands. This thermodynamically consistent model accurately predicts nano-scale NiTi martensite evolution, which is critical for designing microstructures with enhanced functional stability and performance.

本研究提出了一个三维、热力学一致的相场模型，用于在有限元COMSOL框架中实现NiTi （B2→B19’）纳米尺度马氏体相变。这项工作的新颖之处在于其基于物理的方法来模拟NiTi合金中的马氏体转变和纳米孪晶演化。我们利用具有物理意义的能量贡献参数的2-3-3 -5多项式能量函数结合弹性各向异性和表面应力。此外，为了提高求解这些复杂方程的计算效率，我们采用了一种降阶参数方法，其中三个阶参数代表二维模拟中的六个马氏体变体。与根据宏观数据校准的模型相比，我们的物理参数直接来自NiTi的应变能景观。这种方法确保了转换能垒和应力的准确表示，从而能够对基本机制（如成核势垒和变相互作用）进行热力学一致的分析。本研究成功地再现了实验研究中经常观察到的带状和人字形形态。弹性各向异性被认为是变异选择和带状和人字形模式形成的主要驱动因素。此外，研究结果表明，较高的相关驱动力促进了显性、优先取向变异的生长。较高的应力增加了相浓度，促进了马氏体变异带的形成，而较低的冷却温度增加了形核速率，从而导致更薄的带。这种热力学一致的模型准确地预测了纳米级NiTi马氏体的演变，这对于设计具有增强功能稳定性和性能的微结构至关重要。

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引用次数: 0

Cross-coupling permeabilities in two-phase flows through porous media: Spontaneous counter-current capillary imbibition 通过多孔介质的两相流的交叉耦合渗透率：自发逆流毛细吸胀

IF 5.7 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

International Journal of Engineering Science

Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijengsci.2026.104471

Youcef Amirat , Vladimir Shelukhin , Konstantin Trusov

To describe two-phase flows in porous media, a two-scale mathematical model is developed using the homogenization method applied to the coupled system of Navier–Stokes and Cahn–Hilliard equations. This system is based on the assumption that the fluid phases are separated by a diffusion layer. We prove that the macro-equations represent a generalized Darcy law with cross-coupling permeabilities. It implies that the seepage velocity of each phase depends on pressure gradients of both the phases. Micro-equations serve for determination both of the permeability tensors and the capillary diffusion energy. It is established that a formal sharp-interface limit justifies the empirical concept of relative phase permeabilities. To illustrate the capabilities of the new two-scale model, the problem of counter-current capillary imbibition is solved. We show that the imbibition rate is lower compared to that predicted by traditional equations based on the empirical concept of relative phase permeability.

为了描述多孔介质中的两相流动，将Navier-Stokes方程和Cahn-Hilliard方程的均质化方法应用于耦合系统，建立了两尺度数学模型。该系统是基于流体相被扩散层分开的假设。我们证明了宏观方程是具有交叉耦合渗透率的广义达西定律。这意味着每一相的渗流速度取决于两相的压力梯度。微方程用于确定渗透张量和毛细管扩散能。建立了一个形式的锐界面极限来证明相对相渗透率的经验概念是正确的。为了说明新的双尺度模型的能力，解决了逆流毛细吸胀问题。研究表明，与基于相对相渗透率经验概念的传统方程预测相比，渗吸速率较低。

引用次数: 0

Investigation of hemodynamics in bypass grafts for left anterior descending coronary artery revascularization: Biaxial tension tests and fluid-structure interaction simulation 左冠状动脉前降支血运重建术旁路移植术血流动力学研究：双轴张力试验和流固耦合模拟

IF 5.7 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

International Journal of Engineering Science

Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijengsci.2025.104462

Alireza Behrouz Jazi, Aisa Rassoli

Coronary artery occlusion is one of the most common cardiovascular diseases. In severe cases, bypass surgery is employed as a treatment, wherein a vessel is used as a bypass graft to restore blood flow by connecting the graft to the area beyond the coronary artery blockage. However, since these vessels are prone to reocclusion over time, investigating the hemodynamics of bypass flow is essential. In this study, samples of the three most common grafts, namely the saphenous vein, mammary artery, and radial artery, were obtained. Biaxial tension tests were performed on them to extract their anisotropic hyperelastic properties, which were then used in fluid-structure interaction (FSI) simulations. The results of the biaxial tension tests indicated that the saphenous vein exhibited significant stiffness compared to the other two grafts. The simulations also showed better wall shear stress distribution and higher blood flow velocities within the mammary artery. The saphenous vein exhibited large stresses and displacements at critical attachment points in both the fluid and solid domains, which may, over time, cause damage to the graft attachment and disrupt graft performance. The time average wall shear stress (TAWSS) in the toe region of the attachment area was 7.21 Pa for the saphenous vein, 5.99 Pa for the radial artery, and 3.05 Pa for the mammary artery. Additionally, the maximum displacement in the saphenous vein was 0.416 mm, 0.323 mm in the mammary artery, and 0.157 mm in the radial artery. The results of this research have potential applications in clinical cardiovascular studies and contribute to the development of practical treatment approaches.

冠状动脉闭塞是最常见的心血管疾病之一。在严重的情况下，旁路手术是一种治疗方法，其中血管被用作旁路移植物，通过将移植物连接到冠状动脉阻塞以外的区域来恢复血液流动。然而，由于这些血管随着时间的推移容易再闭塞，研究旁路血流动力学是必要的。在本研究中，获得了三种最常见的移植物样本，即隐静脉、乳腺动脉和桡动脉。对其进行双轴拉伸试验，提取其各向异性超弹性特性，然后将其用于流固耦合（FSI）模拟。双轴张力测试结果表明，与其他两种移植物相比，隐静脉表现出明显的刚度。模拟还显示了更好的壁剪切应力分布和乳腺动脉内更高的血流速度。隐静脉在流体和固体领域的关键附着点都表现出较大的应力和位移，随着时间的推移，这可能会导致移植物附着点损伤并破坏移植物的性能。趾部附着区时间平均壁剪切应力（TAWSS）隐静脉为7.21 Pa，桡动脉为5.99 Pa，乳腺动脉为3.05 Pa。隐静脉最大位移0.416 mm，乳腺动脉最大位移0.323 mm，桡动脉最大位移0.157 mm。本研究结果在临床心血管研究中具有潜在的应用价值，并有助于开发实用的治疗方法。

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引用次数: 0

Dynamic damage in active and passive skeletal muscle: A continuum mechanical model 主动和被动骨骼肌的动态损伤：连续力学模型

IF 5.7 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

International Journal of Engineering Science

Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijengsci.2026.104472

J.D. Clayton, C.E. Hampton

The coupled mechanical, thermal, and active contractile responses of skeletal muscle tissue are described by a continuum framework. The tissue comprises a solid phase of muscle fibers aligned in a matrix of connective collagen and ground substance and an interstitial fluid phase. A constrained mixture theory is implemented for dynamic loading over time scales too brief for macroscopic diffusion, whereby free volume is saturated and locally occluded. Physics described by the model include the following: compressibility and thermoelastic coupling important for dynamic and shock loading, nonlinear anisotropic elasticity and viscoelasticity, degradation in fibers and matrix measured by order parameters, active cellular tension, and switching between active and passive states. The theory distinguishes among damage driven by tensile and shear mechanisms and injury that can have a lower threshold and also be affected by hydrostatic compression. Comparison of model results to existing 1-D tensile experiments describes effects of activation and over-stretching on stresses and damage. A 3-D implementation in finite-element software is exercised to study injuries resulting from high-rate dynamic loading by either distributed or concentrated forces to tissues in passive and active states. Different outcomes for damage and injury are possible depending on fiber orientation, isometric versus extendable active tension, degree of viscoelastic stiffening, and loading protocol. In some cases, fiber activation inhibits injury, while in others, activation exacerbates injury.

耦合的机械，热和主动收缩反应的骨骼肌组织描述了一个连续体框架。该组织包括在结缔组织胶原和基质中排列的肌纤维的固相和间质流体相。一个约束混合理论是实现动态加载在时间尺度太短的宏观扩散，其中自由体积是饱和和局部闭塞。该模型描述的物理特性包括：可压缩性和热弹性耦合（对动态和冲击载荷很重要）、非线性各向异性弹性和粘弹性、通过序参数测量的纤维和基体的退化、主动细胞张力以及主动和被动状态之间的切换。该理论区分了由拉伸和剪切机制驱动的损伤和可能具有较低阈值且也受静水压缩影响的损伤。模型结果与现有的一维拉伸实验的比较描述了激活和过拉伸对应力和损伤的影响。采用三维有限元软件研究了高速率动态载荷对被动和主动状态下组织的损伤。损伤和损伤的不同结果可能取决于纤维的方向、等距或可拉伸主动张力、粘弹性硬化程度和加载方案。在某些情况下，纤维激活抑制损伤，而在其他情况下，激活加剧损伤。

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引用次数: 0

Effects of microstructure in pin-loaded hole contact with clearance 间隙对针载孔接触微结构的影响

IF 5.7 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

International Journal of Engineering Science

Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijengsci.2025.104454

E. Radi , M.A. Güler

In this work, we present an analytical solution for the contact problem of a rigid, loaded pin interacting with a circular hole in an infinite plane with microstructure, modelled by the couple-stress elastic theory, assuming frictionless contact with clearance under plane-strain conditions. The solution is constructed by employing the most general trigonometric series representations in polar coordinates for the stress, couple-stress, displacement, and rotation fields admitted by the theory of couple-stress elasticity. Enforcing the contact conditions yields a system of dual series equations for the unknown coefficients, which is subsequently reduced to an infinite linear algebraic system and solved by truncation, following established approaches in related literature. The influence of the material microstructure on the contact angle, as well as on the stress and couple-stress distributions along the hole boundary, is then examined. The results show that increasing the intrinsic material length scale leads to a stiffer mechanical response, thereby clearly highlighting the size-dependent behavior predicted by couple-stress theory. The convergence properties of the trigonometric series solution are also discussed.

在这项工作中，我们提出了一个解析解的刚性，加载销与圆孔相互作用的微观结构的无限平面上，由耦合应力弹性理论建模，假设无摩擦接触与间隙在平面应变条件下。该解决方案是采用最一般的三角级数表示的极坐标下的应力，耦合应力，位移和旋转场的理论承认的耦合应力弹性。强制接触条件产生未知系数的对偶级数方程系统，随后将其简化为无限线性代数系统，并根据相关文献中建立的方法通过截断来求解。然后研究了材料微观结构对接触角以及沿孔边界的应力和耦合应力分布的影响。结果表明，增加材料的本征长度尺度会导致更强的力学响应，从而清楚地突出了由耦合应力理论预测的尺寸依赖行为。讨论了三角级数解的收敛性。

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