Pub Date : 2020-10-03DOI: 10.22377/IJGP.V14I03.2939
M. Jayanthi
Background: Cancer has received a major attention globally due to its high mortality rates. Yet, few successful therapies are available. Plant-based products are gaining momentum in the treatment of most diseases including cancer. Aim: The present study aims to assess the antitumor potential of one of the popularly known weed plants Leucas aspera flower (LAE) extract against Ehrlich ascetic tumor in vitro and in vivo models. Materials and Methods: A preliminary antioxidant assay was carried out to assess the extract showing optimal activity. Based on this, ethanol extract was used for studying the in vitro cytotoxicity by Trypan blue assay. Further, in vivo studies were performed on Ehrlich ascetic carcinoma-induced mice. The parameters assessed were mean survival time (MST) and increase in the lifespan along with hematological and enzyme profiles. Results: The study revealed that optimal activity was observed in the ethanol extract of LAE. Further, antioxidant studies using ferric-reducing antioxidant power and diphenylpicrylhydrazy assays revealed that best radical scavenging potential was exerted by 100 μg/ml of LAE in both the assays. Further, in vitro cytotoxicity showed a concentration-dependent increase in the cytotoxicity up to 200 μg/ml with an IC50 value of 102.14 µg/ml. Further, in vivo studies showed that LAE treatment enhanced the MST of tumor-bearing mice in a dose-dependent manner and this enhancement was better in 400 mg/kg body weight. The percent increase in lifespan was 119.65% at same concentration. The reduced blood cells and enzyme levels also reached normal in the treated mice groups with better results in the group treated with 400 mg/kg body weight. Conclusion: The study forms the basis for establishing L. aspera as a plant with potent anticancer activity. Further studies on these lines will pave avenues for preparing an optimal formulation from the plant for therapy against cancer.
{"title":"Evaluation of anticancer activity of ethanol extract of Leucas aspera flower","authors":"M. Jayanthi","doi":"10.22377/IJGP.V14I03.2939","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22377/IJGP.V14I03.2939","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Cancer has received a major attention globally due to its high mortality rates. Yet, few successful therapies are available. Plant-based products are gaining momentum in the treatment of most diseases including cancer. Aim: The present study aims to assess the antitumor potential of one of the popularly known weed plants Leucas aspera flower (LAE) extract against Ehrlich ascetic tumor in vitro and in vivo models. Materials and Methods: A preliminary antioxidant assay was carried out to assess the extract showing optimal activity. Based on this, ethanol extract was used for studying the in vitro cytotoxicity by Trypan blue assay. Further, in vivo studies were performed on Ehrlich ascetic carcinoma-induced mice. The parameters assessed were mean survival time (MST) and increase in the lifespan along with hematological and enzyme profiles. Results: The study revealed that optimal activity was observed in the ethanol extract of LAE. Further, antioxidant studies using ferric-reducing antioxidant power and diphenylpicrylhydrazy assays revealed that best radical scavenging potential was exerted by 100 μg/ml of LAE in both the assays. Further, in vitro cytotoxicity showed a concentration-dependent increase in the cytotoxicity up to 200 μg/ml with an IC50 value of 102.14 µg/ml. Further, in vivo studies showed that LAE treatment enhanced the MST of tumor-bearing mice in a dose-dependent manner and this enhancement was better in 400 mg/kg body weight. The percent increase in lifespan was 119.65% at same concentration. The reduced blood cells and enzyme levels also reached normal in the treated mice groups with better results in the group treated with 400 mg/kg body weight. Conclusion: The study forms the basis for establishing L. aspera as a plant with potent anticancer activity. Further studies on these lines will pave avenues for preparing an optimal formulation from the plant for therapy against cancer.","PeriodicalId":14055,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Green Pharmacy","volume":"161 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76573743","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-09-22DOI: 10.22377/ijgp.v14i03.2932
L. Ravi
Terminalia is a genus of large trees of the fruiting plant family Combretaceae, comprising around 100 species. Terminalia catappa is a common tree in India that is native to Southeast Asia. This is large growing tree found in tropical and subtropical area. T. catappa is a well-recognized medicinal plant in Ayurveda. It is vastly grown for its edible nuts. In this review, the pharmaceutical potential of T. catappa and its phytochemical constituents are discussed. It is a proven source for antidiabetic, antimicrobial, anti-oxidant, anticancer, and wound healing activities based on ethnobotanical usage that is investigated by researchers for pharmaceutical applications. This review concludes that T. catappa is a medicinally valuable plant, with huge pharmacological and phytochemical benefits.
{"title":"A review on medicinal potential of Terminalia catappa","authors":"L. Ravi","doi":"10.22377/ijgp.v14i03.2932","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22377/ijgp.v14i03.2932","url":null,"abstract":"Terminalia is a genus of large trees of the fruiting plant family Combretaceae, comprising around 100 species. Terminalia catappa is a common tree in India that is native to Southeast Asia. This is large growing tree found in tropical and subtropical area. T. catappa is a well-recognized medicinal plant in Ayurveda. It is vastly grown for its edible nuts. In this review, the pharmaceutical potential of T. catappa and its phytochemical constituents are discussed. It is a proven source for antidiabetic, antimicrobial, anti-oxidant, anticancer, and wound healing activities based on ethnobotanical usage that is investigated by researchers for pharmaceutical applications. This review concludes that T. catappa is a medicinally valuable plant, with huge pharmacological and phytochemical benefits.","PeriodicalId":14055,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Green Pharmacy","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73134505","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-09-22DOI: 10.22377/IJGP.V14I03.2931
R. Upadhyay
The present review article emphasized the pharmaceutical, insecticidal, and therapeutic role of Cassia fistula and its associating species. This is an ornamental plant grown in all parts of India and has a long traditional use in Ayurvedic medicines for the treatment of cough, cold, and sneezing. Plant is a good depository of chemical constituents which display wide array of biological activities such as antipyretic, analgesics, antiseptic, anticancer, antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, anti-arthritic, antiparasitic, antitumor, antioxidant, chemopreventive, and hepatoprotective. Plant contains important nutraceuticals such as protein 12%, carbohydrate 11.75%, lipid 12%, and free amino acid 1.42%, respectively. C. fistula contains quality antioxidants which provide relieve in ulcers, jaundice, and piles, treat migraine and blood dysentery, treat fever, and relieve from chest and joint pain. The fruit of C. fistula is a good source of Fe and Mn, it is used in treatment of eczema cough, throat troubles, gastric, and liver complaints. Root extract shows tonic, astringent, febrifuge, and strong purgative activities. Plant is also a good source of nutrients, essential oils, antioxidants, and diverse phytochemicals which could be used for production of herbal drugs for the treatment of various diseases.
{"title":"Pharmaceutical, insecticidal, and therapeutic potential of Amaltash (Cassia fistula family: Caesalpinioideae)","authors":"R. Upadhyay","doi":"10.22377/IJGP.V14I03.2931","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22377/IJGP.V14I03.2931","url":null,"abstract":"The present review article emphasized the pharmaceutical, insecticidal, and therapeutic role of Cassia fistula and its associating species. This is an ornamental plant grown in all parts of India and has a long traditional use in Ayurvedic medicines for the treatment of cough, cold, and sneezing. Plant is a good depository of chemical constituents which display wide array of biological activities such as antipyretic, analgesics, antiseptic, anticancer, antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, anti-arthritic, antiparasitic, antitumor, antioxidant, chemopreventive, and hepatoprotective. Plant contains important nutraceuticals such as protein 12%, carbohydrate 11.75%, lipid 12%, and free amino acid 1.42%, respectively. C. fistula contains quality antioxidants which provide relieve in ulcers, jaundice, and piles, treat migraine and blood dysentery, treat fever, and relieve from chest and joint pain. The fruit of C. fistula is a good source of Fe and Mn, it is used in treatment of eczema cough, throat troubles, gastric, and liver complaints. Root extract shows tonic, astringent, febrifuge, and strong purgative activities. Plant is also a good source of nutrients, essential oils, antioxidants, and diverse phytochemicals which could be used for production of herbal drugs for the treatment of various diseases.","PeriodicalId":14055,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Green Pharmacy","volume":"32 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82837133","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-06-22DOI: 10.22377/ijgp.v14i02.2880
N. Bhuiya
Aim: Study with the medicinal plant is growing to be familiar with the value in a healthy life. A traditional medicinal plant Combretum indicum leaf was selected to investigate its antioxidant and antimicrobial potential. Materials and Methods: The leaf extract was prepared with methanol solvent. Antioxidant potentiality was assessed by free radical scavenging assay with 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) using ascorbic acid (AA) as standard and reducing power capacity was examined by the development of Perl’s Prussian method with AA as standard. Antimicrobial activity was investigated by the method of disc diffusion with standard antibiotic Kanamycin. Results: The antioxidant activity in DPPH radical scavenging assay showed that the plant extract exhibits a dose-dependent scavenging of DPPH with IC50 48.87 μg/ml while in standard AA showed an IC50 value of 21.14 μg/ml. In reducing power capacity assay, the extract was put on view moderate action in a dose-dependent way. In antimicrobial assessment, it was observed that the extract was active against a number of the Gram-positive microorganisms and Gram-negative microorganisms exercised in the study. Kanamycin was engaged as standard, which demonstrated very high action compared to the extract. Conclusion: The observed therapeutic potentiality encourages further in-depth investigation to understand and explain possible mechanisms of action of C. indicum extract as well as to consider this plant as a potential source of alternative medicines.
{"title":"Investigation on antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of methanolic extract of Combretum indicum leaf","authors":"N. Bhuiya","doi":"10.22377/ijgp.v14i02.2880","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22377/ijgp.v14i02.2880","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: Study with the medicinal plant is growing to be familiar with the value in a healthy life. A traditional medicinal plant Combretum indicum leaf was selected to investigate its antioxidant and antimicrobial potential. Materials and Methods: The leaf extract was prepared with methanol solvent. Antioxidant potentiality was assessed by free radical scavenging assay with 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) using ascorbic acid (AA) as standard and reducing power capacity was examined by the development of Perl’s Prussian method with AA as standard. Antimicrobial activity was investigated by the method of disc diffusion with standard antibiotic Kanamycin. Results: The antioxidant activity in DPPH radical scavenging assay showed that the plant extract exhibits a dose-dependent scavenging of DPPH with IC50 48.87 μg/ml while in standard AA showed an IC50 value of 21.14 μg/ml. In reducing power capacity assay, the extract was put on view moderate action in a dose-dependent way. In antimicrobial assessment, it was observed that the extract was active against a number of the Gram-positive microorganisms and Gram-negative microorganisms exercised in the study. Kanamycin was engaged as standard, which demonstrated very high action compared to the extract. Conclusion: The observed therapeutic potentiality encourages further in-depth investigation to understand and explain possible mechanisms of action of C. indicum extract as well as to consider this plant as a potential source of alternative medicines.","PeriodicalId":14055,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Green Pharmacy","volume":"255 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74607569","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-06-22DOI: 10.22377/ijgp.v14i02.2875
L. Inbathamizh
The development of technology enhances the need for eco-friendly measures to improve the quality of life. Plants are the natural bioreactors that have to be explored for their resourceful applications. Some of the significant indoor medicinal plants with high environmental values are Areca palm, Aloe vera, English ivy, Spider plant, and Bamboo palm. These indoor plants through their natural mechanisms possess a unique property of air filtration. They filter out air pollutants such as benzene, xylene, toluene, formaldehyde, and other chemicals that produce deleterious effects, especially in children, pregnant women, and aged people. They further degrade waste and reduce pollution through bioremediation. These plants also possess bioactive phytocomponents that enable them to be utilized widely for therapeutic, commercial, and industrial purposes. This review describes these five plants as natural air purifiers, along with their medicinal values and other benefits, emphasizing their significant biocatalytic role in bringing forth a clean and healthy environment.
{"title":"Indoor medicinal plants: Beneficial biocatalysts for air filtration and bioremediation – A review","authors":"L. Inbathamizh","doi":"10.22377/ijgp.v14i02.2875","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22377/ijgp.v14i02.2875","url":null,"abstract":"The development of technology enhances the need for eco-friendly measures to improve the quality of life. Plants are the natural bioreactors that have to be explored for their resourceful applications. Some of the significant indoor medicinal plants with high environmental values are Areca palm, Aloe vera, English ivy, Spider plant, and Bamboo palm. These indoor plants through their natural mechanisms possess a unique property of air filtration. They filter out air pollutants such as benzene, xylene, toluene, formaldehyde, and other chemicals that produce deleterious effects, especially in children, pregnant women, and aged people. They further degrade waste and reduce pollution through bioremediation. These plants also possess bioactive phytocomponents that enable them to be utilized widely for therapeutic, commercial, and industrial purposes. This review describes these five plants as natural air purifiers, along with their medicinal values and other benefits, emphasizing their significant biocatalytic role in bringing forth a clean and healthy environment.","PeriodicalId":14055,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Green Pharmacy","volume":"42 3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84831347","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-06-22DOI: 10.22377/IJGP.V14I02.2881
S. Karthika
Introduction: Apoptosis, or programmed cell death, occurs naturally during development and has recently gained attention as an important factor in central nervous system disease and injury. Aim: The present study was aimed to investigate the apoptotic effects of the different extracts of Hydrocotyle javanica (HJ) and Peristrophe bicalyculata (PB) on SH-SY5Y Neuroblastoma cells. Methods and Materials: The different extracts of HJ and PB were obtained by soxhlation process with petroleum ether, n-hexane, chloroform, alcohol, and water as menstrual. Phytochemical screening was performed for the different extracts of medicinal plants. MTT assay was used to assess the cytotoxicity of the plant extracts, then the induction of apoptosis on SHSY5Y cells by different extracts of HJ and PB was validated by DNA fragmentation analysis using gel electrophoresis technique. Results and Discussion: The DNA bands obtained from different extracts of both medicinal plants produced a ladder pattern, as observed from Lane 3 to 10. A ladder formation was used to indicate that the DNA has undergone fragmentation and each fragment corresponded to a band in the ladder. Alcoholic extract of PB showed the fragmentation of DNA at the lowest concentration when compared with other extracts which indicate the potential apoptotic activity at 10 μg/ml. Conclusion: According to our findings, Our data well established the antiproliferative effect of different extracts of medicinal plants and clearly showed that the plant extracts can induce apoptosis and not necrosis in vitro.
{"title":"Investigating apoptotic effects of different extracts of medicinal plants on SH-SY5Y cells","authors":"S. Karthika","doi":"10.22377/IJGP.V14I02.2881","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22377/IJGP.V14I02.2881","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Apoptosis, or programmed cell death, occurs naturally during development and has recently gained attention as an important factor in central nervous system disease and injury. Aim: The present study was aimed to investigate the apoptotic effects of the different extracts of Hydrocotyle javanica (HJ) and Peristrophe bicalyculata (PB) on SH-SY5Y Neuroblastoma cells. Methods and Materials: The different extracts of HJ and PB were obtained by soxhlation process with petroleum ether, n-hexane, chloroform, alcohol, and water as menstrual. Phytochemical screening was performed for the different extracts of medicinal plants. MTT assay was used to assess the cytotoxicity of the plant extracts, then the induction of apoptosis on SHSY5Y cells by different extracts of HJ and PB was validated by DNA fragmentation analysis using gel electrophoresis technique. Results and Discussion: The DNA bands obtained from different extracts of both medicinal plants produced a ladder pattern, as observed from Lane 3 to 10. A ladder formation was used to indicate that the DNA has undergone fragmentation and each fragment corresponded to a band in the ladder. Alcoholic extract of PB showed the fragmentation of DNA at the lowest concentration when compared with other extracts which indicate the potential apoptotic activity at 10 μg/ml. Conclusion: According to our findings, Our data well established the antiproliferative effect of different extracts of medicinal plants and clearly showed that the plant extracts can induce apoptosis and not necrosis in vitro.","PeriodicalId":14055,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Green Pharmacy","volume":"46 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91339750","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-06-22DOI: 10.22377/ijgp.v14i02.2877
J. Yadav
Introduction: In this study, extracts of Acacia nilotica, Elettaria cardamomum, Psidium guajava, and Glycyrrhiza glabra were prepared using supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) at different pressures and 50°C constant temperature. The antimicrobial activities of extracts were evaluated against oral pathogens, namely, Enterococcus faecalis, Streptococcus mutans, Staphylococcus aureus, and Candida albicans. Materials and Methods: The antimicrobial activities of extracts were evaluated against oral pathogens using agar well diffusion method. Phytochemical analysis of A. nilotica twig was done using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GCMS). Statistical analyses of data were performed by one-way ANOVA using MS-Excel and principal component analysis was performed using statistical software XLSTAT 2018. Results: All plants extracts exhibited significant activity at P < 0.05 with inhibitory zones ranging from 8 to 42 mm and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values from 0.19 to 3.12 mg/ml. A. nilotica twig extract obtained at 400 bar pressure showed the highest zone of inhibition (42.07 mm) and lowest MIC (190 μg/mL). E. cardamomum and G. glabra extracts showed moderate activity while P. guajava extracts showed least activity against the oral pathogens. GC-MS analysis of A. nilotica twig confirm the presence of functional moieties of stigmasterol, clionasterol, betulinaldehyde, eugenol, α-terpinyl acetate, and 22,23-dihydrobrassicasterol in the extract which could be responsible for its antimicrobial efficacy and may prove beneficial in oral care products. Conclusion: The extraction of antimicrobial agents from plant materials using SFE at low temperatures avoids the thermal degradation and use of toxic solvents. A. nilotica twig at 50°C and 400 bar showed the significant antimicrobial potential, hence it can be processed to obtain effective and cheaper drug due to higher biomass availability. Chemical profiling of SFE extract by GC-MS analysis proved helpful in the identification of compounds. Furthermore, bioactive compounds should be explicated for their exact mechanism of action with the target pathogens.
{"title":"Preparation and in vitro antimicrobial activity of supercritical fluid extracts of selected Indian plants against oral pathogens and their phytochemicals and statistical analysis","authors":"J. Yadav","doi":"10.22377/ijgp.v14i02.2877","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22377/ijgp.v14i02.2877","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: In this study, extracts of Acacia nilotica, Elettaria cardamomum, Psidium guajava, and Glycyrrhiza glabra were prepared using supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) at different pressures and 50°C constant temperature. The antimicrobial activities of extracts were evaluated against oral pathogens, namely, Enterococcus faecalis, Streptococcus mutans, Staphylococcus aureus, and Candida albicans. Materials and Methods: The antimicrobial activities of extracts were evaluated against oral pathogens using agar well diffusion method. Phytochemical analysis of A. nilotica twig was done using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GCMS). Statistical analyses of data were performed by one-way ANOVA using MS-Excel and principal component analysis was performed using statistical software XLSTAT 2018. Results: All plants extracts exhibited significant activity at P < 0.05 with inhibitory zones ranging from 8 to 42 mm and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values from 0.19 to 3.12 mg/ml. A. nilotica twig extract obtained at 400 bar pressure showed the highest zone of inhibition (42.07 mm) and lowest MIC (190 μg/mL). E. cardamomum and G. glabra extracts showed moderate activity while P. guajava extracts showed least activity against the oral pathogens. GC-MS analysis of A. nilotica twig confirm the presence of functional moieties of stigmasterol, clionasterol, betulinaldehyde, eugenol, α-terpinyl acetate, and 22,23-dihydrobrassicasterol in the extract which could be responsible for its antimicrobial efficacy and may prove beneficial in oral care products. Conclusion: The extraction of antimicrobial agents from plant materials using SFE at low temperatures avoids the thermal degradation and use of toxic solvents. A. nilotica twig at 50°C and 400 bar showed the significant antimicrobial potential, hence it can be processed to obtain effective and cheaper drug due to higher biomass availability. Chemical profiling of SFE extract by GC-MS analysis proved helpful in the identification of compounds. Furthermore, bioactive compounds should be explicated for their exact mechanism of action with the target pathogens.","PeriodicalId":14055,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Green Pharmacy","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84910320","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-06-22DOI: 10.22377/ijgp.v14i02.2876
D. SarvadeDattatray
Objective: The aim of the present work was to assess the total alkaloid content (TAC), total tannin content (TTC), total phenolic content (TPC), and total flavonoid content (TFC) of crude methanolic extract of root, stem, and leaf of Leea macrophylla Roxb. ex Hornem. which is a medicinally important plant belonging to the family Vitaceae and used extensively in ethnomedicine with its significant therapeutic significance. This article also aims to assess chlorogenic acid content in root, stem, and leaf of plant using high profile thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC). Materials and Methods: Root, stem, and leaf powder of L. macrophylla were used for extract preparation and quantification. The amount of total alkaloids analyzed by modern method of analysis, total tannin by titrimetric method, the amount of total flavonoids by aluminum chloride assay, and total phenols by Folin–Ciocalteu assay. HPTLC method has been used for quantification of chlorogenic acid. Results: The TAC of the methanolic extract of root, stem, and leaf was 0.37%, 0.50%, and 0.52% w/w, respectively, TTC was 2.01%, 1.23%, and 3.67% w/w, respectively. The TFC and TPC of the methanolic extract of root, stem, and leaf were 361.67 ± 14.43, 233.33 ± 5.77, and 395 ± 25 mg chrysin equivalent per gram and 243.33 ± 18.01, 232.33 ± 2.31, and 376 ± 8.54 mg gallic acid equivalent per gram, respectively. Chlorogenic acid contents of stem and leaf are 27.24 and 12.21 μg/mg, while root does not show its presence using this method. Conclusion: The results of the study highlighted a potent alkaloid, tannins, flavonoid, phenol, and chlorogenic acid contents in the methanolic extract of L. macrophylla and thus can be used for medicinal purposes as components present in the plant possesses varied biological activities.
{"title":"Quantification of total alkaloid, tannin, flavonoid, phenolic, and chlorogenic acid contents of Leea macrophylla Roxb. ex Hornem","authors":"D. SarvadeDattatray","doi":"10.22377/ijgp.v14i02.2876","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22377/ijgp.v14i02.2876","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: The aim of the present work was to assess the total alkaloid content (TAC), total tannin content (TTC), total phenolic content (TPC), and total flavonoid content (TFC) of crude methanolic extract of root, stem, and leaf of Leea macrophylla Roxb. ex Hornem. which is a medicinally important plant belonging to the family Vitaceae and used extensively in ethnomedicine with its significant therapeutic significance. This article also aims to assess chlorogenic acid content in root, stem, and leaf of plant using high profile thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC). Materials and Methods: Root, stem, and leaf powder of L. macrophylla were used for extract preparation and quantification. The amount of total alkaloids analyzed by modern method of analysis, total tannin by titrimetric method, the amount of total flavonoids by aluminum chloride assay, and total phenols by Folin–Ciocalteu assay. HPTLC method has been used for quantification of chlorogenic acid. Results: The TAC of the methanolic extract of root, stem, and leaf was 0.37%, 0.50%, and 0.52% w/w, respectively, TTC was 2.01%, 1.23%, and 3.67% w/w, respectively. The TFC and TPC of the methanolic extract of root, stem, and leaf were 361.67 ± 14.43, 233.33 ± 5.77, and 395 ± 25 mg chrysin equivalent per gram and 243.33 ± 18.01, 232.33 ± 2.31, and 376 ± 8.54 mg gallic acid equivalent per gram, respectively. Chlorogenic acid contents of stem and leaf are 27.24 and 12.21 μg/mg, while root does not show its presence using this method. Conclusion: The results of the study highlighted a potent alkaloid, tannins, flavonoid, phenol, and chlorogenic acid contents in the methanolic extract of L. macrophylla and thus can be used for medicinal purposes as components present in the plant possesses varied biological activities.","PeriodicalId":14055,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Green Pharmacy","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80319450","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-06-22DOI: 10.22377/ijgp.v14i02.2884
D. Prabavathy
Introduction: L-Asparaginase belonging to a group of amidase possesses a broad spectrum of antitumor activity. It catalyzes the hydrolysis of L-asparagine to ammonia and L-aspartic acid. Objective: In the present study, L-asparaginase producing endophytic fungi were isolated from Justicia adhatoda and cytotoxicity studied on A549 cell line. Methodology: The screening modified Czapek-Dox media contained asparagine as the source and phenol red as the indicator. The positive zones were identified and sub cultured to obtain pure culture. Results: A quantitative assay of asparaginase was carried out and the level of production was found to be 1.8916 (μmol/ml). The molecular weight of the enzyme was 66 kDa. MTT assay and dual staining with acridine orange/ethidium bromide were done to assess the type of cell death induced by the enzyme in A549 cells. The percentage of apoptotic cells after treatment showed a drastic increase in apoptotic cells (P < 0.001) to 62% and 84%, respectively. Flow cytometry analysis was performed to evaluate the cell cycle arrest phase induced by different concentration of partially purified sample (80 μg/ml and 160 μg/ml). Lower concentration (80 μg/ml) showed arrest at S phase with 19% cells accumulated. At higher concentration (160 μg/ml), it showed an increased cell population at S phase with 30% with alterations in the other phase of cell cycle. Conclusion: The above observations show that the isolated asparaginase exhibited a marked cytotoxic activity against A549 cell lines. Further animal model studies, toxicity assays and pharmacological studies of this asparaginase from the endophyte would help to authenticate the use of this enzyme as an anticancer drug.
{"title":"Cytotoxic activity of L-asparaginase isolated from endophytic aspergillus nomius of Justicia adhatoda on A549 cell lines","authors":"D. Prabavathy","doi":"10.22377/ijgp.v14i02.2884","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22377/ijgp.v14i02.2884","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: L-Asparaginase belonging to a group of amidase possesses a broad spectrum of antitumor activity. It catalyzes the hydrolysis of L-asparagine to ammonia and L-aspartic acid. Objective: In the present study, L-asparaginase producing endophytic fungi were isolated from Justicia adhatoda and cytotoxicity studied on A549 cell line. Methodology: The screening modified Czapek-Dox media contained asparagine as the source and phenol red as the indicator. The positive zones were identified and sub cultured to obtain pure culture. Results: A quantitative assay of asparaginase was carried out and the level of production was found to be 1.8916 (μmol/ml). The molecular weight of the enzyme was 66 kDa. MTT assay and dual staining with acridine orange/ethidium bromide were done to assess the type of cell death induced by the enzyme in A549 cells. The percentage of apoptotic cells after treatment showed a drastic increase in apoptotic cells (P < 0.001) to 62% and 84%, respectively. Flow cytometry analysis was performed to evaluate the cell cycle arrest phase induced by different concentration of partially purified sample (80 μg/ml and 160 μg/ml). Lower concentration (80 μg/ml) showed arrest at S phase with 19% cells accumulated. At higher concentration (160 μg/ml), it showed an increased cell population at S phase with 30% with alterations in the other phase of cell cycle. Conclusion: The above observations show that the isolated asparaginase exhibited a marked cytotoxic activity against A549 cell lines. Further animal model studies, toxicity assays and pharmacological studies of this asparaginase from the endophyte would help to authenticate the use of this enzyme as an anticancer drug.","PeriodicalId":14055,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Green Pharmacy","volume":"36 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75313424","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-06-22DOI: 10.22377/ijgp.v14i02.2883
T. B. Patrudu
Aim: A simple, selective, precise, and inexpensive reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography method has been developed and validated for the determination of imiquimod and related impurities such as 4-Chloro-1-isobutyl-1H-imidazo[4,5-c] quinoline, 1-isobutyl-1,5-dihydro-imidazo[4,5-c] quinolin-4-one, 1-isobutyl-4-methoxy-1H-imidazo[4,5-c] quinoline, and N-(1-isobutyl-1H-imidazo[4,5-c]quinolin-4-yl)-hydroxylamine-O-sulfonic acid. Materials and Methods: The method was followed using spectrophotometric detection at 260 nm with a Phenomenex Luna-RP-C18 column (250 × 4.6 mm, 5 μm) at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min. The mobile phase consisted of deionized water spiked with 1% H3PO4 (Solvent A) and acetonitrile (Solvent B). Results and Discussion: Imiquimod and the common four impurities were eluted at different time intervals from 10 to 20 min. The developed method was validated in terms of system suitability, specificity, precision, linearity, accuracy, limit of detection, and limit of quantification. Conclusion: The mobile phase composition of 1% v/v H3PO4 in water: acetonitrile (90:10 v/v), showed good separation and resolution. Therefore, the proposed analytical procedure could be useful for regular monitoring, pharma manufacturing labs, and research scholars.
{"title":"Determination and quantification of imiquimod and its related impurities from bulk drug production by high-performance liquid chromatography","authors":"T. B. Patrudu","doi":"10.22377/ijgp.v14i02.2883","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22377/ijgp.v14i02.2883","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: A simple, selective, precise, and inexpensive reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography method has been developed and validated for the determination of imiquimod and related impurities such as 4-Chloro-1-isobutyl-1H-imidazo[4,5-c] quinoline, 1-isobutyl-1,5-dihydro-imidazo[4,5-c] quinolin-4-one, 1-isobutyl-4-methoxy-1H-imidazo[4,5-c] quinoline, and N-(1-isobutyl-1H-imidazo[4,5-c]quinolin-4-yl)-hydroxylamine-O-sulfonic acid. Materials and Methods: The method was followed using spectrophotometric detection at 260 nm with a Phenomenex Luna-RP-C18 column (250 × 4.6 mm, 5 μm) at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min. The mobile phase consisted of deionized water spiked with 1% H3PO4 (Solvent A) and acetonitrile (Solvent B). Results and Discussion: Imiquimod and the common four impurities were eluted at different time intervals from 10 to 20 min. The developed method was validated in terms of system suitability, specificity, precision, linearity, accuracy, limit of detection, and limit of quantification. Conclusion: The mobile phase composition of 1% v/v H3PO4 in water: acetonitrile (90:10 v/v), showed good separation and resolution. Therefore, the proposed analytical procedure could be useful for regular monitoring, pharma manufacturing labs, and research scholars.","PeriodicalId":14055,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Green Pharmacy","volume":"76 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72581459","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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