Pub Date : 2020-06-22DOI: 10.22377/ijgp.v14i02.2878
N. Palei
Introduction: To synthesize silver nitrate nanoparticles (AgNPs) using aqueous leaf extracts of Lantana camara as a reducing agent and evaluates its antimicrobial activity. Materials and Methods: L. camara extract acts both reducing agents as well as capping agent. Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) study was used for identifying the compounds responsible for the reduction of silver ions, the functional groups present in the plant extract. Various techniques used to characterize synthesized nanoparticles are dynamic light scattering, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), energy diffraction X-ray, and ultraviolet–visible (UV Vis) spectrophotometer were performed to characterize synthesized AgNPs. Results and Discussion: From the FTIR study, it was confirmed the presence of some functional groups capping the AgNPs. UV-Vis spectrophotometer showed an absorbance peak in the range of 436–446 nm. The average particle size of the prepared AgNPs was found to be 86 nm. In addition, the antimicrobial activity of prepared AgNPs was found to be higher than plain extract using various Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Conclusions: From the results, it can be concluded that green synthesis of AgNPs from L. camera extract is easy, fast, one step, eco-friendly, and alternative conventional methods. The synthesized AgNP preparations from L. camara leaf extract show potential for application as broad-spectrum antimicrobial agents.
{"title":"Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using leaf extract of Lantana camara and its antimicrobial activity","authors":"N. Palei","doi":"10.22377/ijgp.v14i02.2878","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22377/ijgp.v14i02.2878","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: To synthesize silver nitrate nanoparticles (AgNPs) using aqueous leaf extracts of Lantana camara as a reducing agent and evaluates its antimicrobial activity. Materials and Methods: L. camara extract acts both reducing agents as well as capping agent. Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) study was used for identifying the compounds responsible for the reduction of silver ions, the functional groups present in the plant extract. Various techniques used to characterize synthesized nanoparticles are dynamic light scattering, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), energy diffraction X-ray, and ultraviolet–visible (UV Vis) spectrophotometer were performed to characterize synthesized AgNPs. Results and Discussion: From the FTIR study, it was confirmed the presence of some functional groups capping the AgNPs. UV-Vis spectrophotometer showed an absorbance peak in the range of 436–446 nm. The average particle size of the prepared AgNPs was found to be 86 nm. In addition, the antimicrobial activity of prepared AgNPs was found to be higher than plain extract using various Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Conclusions: From the results, it can be concluded that green synthesis of AgNPs from L. camera extract is easy, fast, one step, eco-friendly, and alternative conventional methods. The synthesized AgNP preparations from L. camara leaf extract show potential for application as broad-spectrum antimicrobial agents.","PeriodicalId":14055,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Green Pharmacy","volume":"35 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79473049","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-06-22DOI: 10.22377/IJGP.V14I02.2879
R. Devika
Introduction: Synthesis of metallic nanoparticles using plant extract is inexpensive, easily scaled up, and eco-friendly and their technique has wide open applications in various sectors such as medicine, health, and environment due to its mechanism of action for the betterment of human. The aforesaid challenges and principles of nanoparticles have advanced in the green synthesis utilizing the phytoconstituents to reduce and stabilize the metallic nanoparticles. Materials and Methods: In the investigation, green synthesis of iron nanoparticles from Bauhinia tomentosa was characterized under ultraviolet–visible spectrophotometer, Fourier transform infrared at various concentrations and durations. The characterized iron nanoparticles were analyzed for reducing assay and hydrogen peroxide assay to prove their antioxidant properties and antibacterial properties. Results and Discussion: When the plant extract was added to ferric chloride solution Fe3+ reduced to Fe0 which was indicated by the color change from green into blackish green proved the formation of iron nanomaterials (due to surface Plasmon resonance singularity). The synthesized iron nanomaterials were characterized by different parameters such as proportions (extract: Ferric chloride) and development study at different durations which are identified as factors affecting the yields of nanoparticles and later the nanoparticles were characterized. The reducing power of the iron nanoparticles synthesized from B. tomentosa was investigated by comparing with the reductive ability of ascorbic acid. Reducing power assay has proved to be one of the convenient and rapid screening method for measuring the antioxidant potential. Conclusion: In the present investigation, the plant bioactive constituents of B. tomentosa proved to be highly efficient as reducing agents, antibacterial agent which on further clinical investigation will prove to have high therapeutic value in the medical field.
{"title":"Green synthesis and characterization of iron nanoparticles from Bauhinia tomentosa","authors":"R. Devika","doi":"10.22377/IJGP.V14I02.2879","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22377/IJGP.V14I02.2879","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Synthesis of metallic nanoparticles using plant extract is inexpensive, easily scaled up, and eco-friendly and their technique has wide open applications in various sectors such as medicine, health, and environment due to its mechanism of action for the betterment of human. The aforesaid challenges and principles of nanoparticles have advanced in the green synthesis utilizing the phytoconstituents to reduce and stabilize the metallic nanoparticles. Materials and Methods: In the investigation, green synthesis of iron nanoparticles from Bauhinia tomentosa was characterized under ultraviolet–visible spectrophotometer, Fourier transform infrared at various concentrations and durations. The characterized iron nanoparticles were analyzed for reducing assay and hydrogen peroxide assay to prove their antioxidant properties and antibacterial properties. Results and Discussion: When the plant extract was added to ferric chloride solution Fe3+ reduced to Fe0 which was indicated by the color change from green into blackish green proved the formation of iron nanomaterials (due to surface Plasmon resonance singularity). The synthesized iron nanomaterials were characterized by different parameters such as proportions (extract: Ferric chloride) and development study at different durations which are identified as factors affecting the yields of nanoparticles and later the nanoparticles were characterized. The reducing power of the iron nanoparticles synthesized from B. tomentosa was investigated by comparing with the reductive ability of ascorbic acid. Reducing power assay has proved to be one of the convenient and rapid screening method for measuring the antioxidant potential. Conclusion: In the present investigation, the plant bioactive constituents of B. tomentosa proved to be highly efficient as reducing agents, antibacterial agent which on further clinical investigation will prove to have high therapeutic value in the medical field.","PeriodicalId":14055,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Green Pharmacy","volume":"56 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88053503","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-06-10DOI: 10.22377/ijgp.v14i1.2863
S. Karmakar
Background/Aims: The present study was to investigate the possible hepatoprotective action of the hydroethanolic extract of Moringa oleifera (MO) flowers in comparison to hepamerz (positive control) against long-term hepatotoxicity induced by acetaminophen (APAP) in albino Wistar rat (male). Methods: In this study, different groups of animals were treated with APAP (300 mg/kg body weight), both APAP (300 mg/kg body weight) and MO flower hydroethanolic extract (400 mg/kg body weight), both APAP (300mg/kg body weight) and hepamerz (150 mg/kg body weight), respectively. Results: Liver function tests were analyzed, and histopathological changes of liver were also observed along with antioxidant enzymes and lipid peroxidation. APAP-induced hepatotoxicity increases the serum glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (SGOT), serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase (SGPT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and decreases the level of total serum protein, where significant decrease in SGOT, SGPT, and ALP and significant increase in total serum protein were observed in the MO flower hydroethanolic extract-treated animals. Oxidative stress was also observed in APAP treated group and reduction in stress was also noted after hepamerz and MO supplementation. Conclusion: It can be concluded that hydroethanolic extract of MO flower has potency as a hepatoprotective agent like hepamerz against APAP-induced hepatotoxicity on albino rats.
{"title":"Protective action of hydroethanolic extract of Moringa oleifera flower on acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity in rats","authors":"S. Karmakar","doi":"10.22377/ijgp.v14i1.2863","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22377/ijgp.v14i1.2863","url":null,"abstract":"Background/Aims: The present study was to investigate the possible hepatoprotective action of the hydroethanolic extract of Moringa oleifera (MO) flowers in comparison to hepamerz (positive control) against long-term hepatotoxicity induced by acetaminophen (APAP) in albino Wistar rat (male). Methods: In this study, different groups of animals were treated with APAP (300 mg/kg body weight), both APAP (300 mg/kg body weight) and MO flower hydroethanolic extract (400 mg/kg body weight), both APAP (300mg/kg body weight) and hepamerz (150 mg/kg body weight), respectively. Results: Liver function tests were analyzed, and histopathological changes of liver were also observed along with antioxidant enzymes and lipid peroxidation. APAP-induced hepatotoxicity increases the serum glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (SGOT), serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase (SGPT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and decreases the level of total serum protein, where significant decrease in SGOT, SGPT, and ALP and significant increase in total serum protein were observed in the MO flower hydroethanolic extract-treated animals. Oxidative stress was also observed in APAP treated group and reduction in stress was also noted after hepamerz and MO supplementation. Conclusion: It can be concluded that hydroethanolic extract of MO flower has potency as a hepatoprotective agent like hepamerz against APAP-induced hepatotoxicity on albino rats.","PeriodicalId":14055,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Green Pharmacy","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74598301","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-06-10DOI: 10.22377/ijgp.v14i1.2865
Veena Sharma
Objective: The present experimental investigation was conducted to unravel and analyze the antioxidant potential of sequential extracts (petroleum ether, chloroform, ethyl acetate, ethanol, hydroethanol, and aqueous) of Prosopis cineraria. Materials and Methods: Quantitative assays for estimating content of phytochemicals (phenols, flavonoids, proanthocyanidins, tannins, and saponins), in vitro antioxidant and free radicals scavenging assays were performed. Reducing power capability of various extracts was done. The research investigated and calculated the half-inhibitory concentration (i.e., IC50) values for various sequential extracts. Results: The research study revealed that hydroethanol extracts showed maximum antioxidant activity and free radical scavenging potential in contrast to other extracts. Hydroethanol extracts of the stem bark of the studied plant had comparatively lower IC50 values in comparison to other extracts. Quantitative measurements of phytoconstituents also revealed that the plant extracts are rich in bioactive constituents and antioxidants. Conclusions: This investigation would encourage researchers toward the extracts of stem bark of P. cineraria, which have significant antioxidative potential. The plant extracts can be further explored for understanding the mechanism underlying the free radicals scavenging, by conducting in vivo studies.
{"title":"Unfolding the antioxidative and free radicals scavenging potential of stem bark of the wonder tree, Prosopis cineraria (L.) Druce: An in vitro approach","authors":"Veena Sharma","doi":"10.22377/ijgp.v14i1.2865","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22377/ijgp.v14i1.2865","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: The present experimental investigation was conducted to unravel and analyze the antioxidant potential of sequential extracts (petroleum ether, chloroform, ethyl acetate, ethanol, hydroethanol, and aqueous) of Prosopis cineraria. Materials and Methods: Quantitative assays for estimating content of phytochemicals (phenols, flavonoids, proanthocyanidins, tannins, and saponins), in vitro antioxidant and free radicals scavenging assays were performed. Reducing power capability of various extracts was done. The research investigated and calculated the half-inhibitory concentration (i.e., IC50) values for various sequential extracts. Results: The research study revealed that hydroethanol extracts showed maximum antioxidant activity and free radical scavenging potential in contrast to other extracts. Hydroethanol extracts of the stem bark of the studied plant had comparatively lower IC50 values in comparison to other extracts. Quantitative measurements of phytoconstituents also revealed that the plant extracts are rich in bioactive constituents and antioxidants. Conclusions: This investigation would encourage researchers toward the extracts of stem bark of P. cineraria, which have significant antioxidative potential. The plant extracts can be further explored for understanding the mechanism underlying the free radicals scavenging, by conducting in vivo studies.","PeriodicalId":14055,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Green Pharmacy","volume":"119 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86735315","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-06-01DOI: 10.22377/ijgp.v14i03.2941
R. Shakila
Introduction: Cirunakappu is the regional name of Cinnamomum wightii (flower bud) which is also known as Nagakesaram in Tamil. The flower bud of C. wightii is used in many Siddha formulations. The aim of this communication is to identify the phytoconstituents of few column chromatographic fractions of the ethanolic extract of Cirunakappu through gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS). Materials and Methods: Cirunakappu flower bud was coarsely powdered, extracted with ethanol at room temperature (yield: 184 g). This extract was subjected to column chromatography over silica gel and eluted with hexane and mixture of hexane and chloroform in increasing polarities. Fraction I eluted with hexane-chloroform (98:2), fraction II eluted with hexane-chloroform (90:10), fraction III eluted with hexane-chloroform (80:20), and fraction IV eluted with hexane-chloroform (50:50) were subjected to GC–MS using the HP 5 MS column of 30 m × 0.25 mm ID and 0.25 μm film thickness analysis. Results and Discussion: Fraction I yielded six peaks in which linalool, γ-muurolene, α-cadinol, γ-sitosterol, and n-hexadecanoic acid were identified. The fraction II separated 15 peaks, among which eugenol, δ-cadinene, epiglobulol, cadina-1,4-diene, triacontyl acetate, and 3,5-bis-tert-butylphenol were identified. Fraction III showed 15 peaks: α-copaene, cetene, (+)-epibicyclo-sesquiphellandrene, tetradecene, 1-octadecene, 1,2-dimethylcyclo hexadecane, 1-docosene, cyclotetracosane, and 1-nanodecene were identified. From fraction IV, γ-sitosterol, cetene, 1,2-diethyl-cyclohexadecane, 1-tetradecene, 1-eicosene, cyclotetracosane, 1-nanodecene, 1-octadecene, 2,4-bis-(1,1-dimethylethyl) phenol, and 1-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone were identified. Conclusion: These chemicals are 1st time explored from this plant.
{"title":"Identification of phytoconstituents of Cirunakappu by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry","authors":"R. Shakila","doi":"10.22377/ijgp.v14i03.2941","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22377/ijgp.v14i03.2941","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Cirunakappu is the regional name of Cinnamomum wightii (flower bud) which is also known as Nagakesaram in Tamil. The flower bud of C. wightii is used in many Siddha formulations. The aim of this communication is to identify the phytoconstituents of few column chromatographic fractions of the ethanolic extract of Cirunakappu through gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS). Materials and Methods: Cirunakappu flower bud was coarsely powdered, extracted with ethanol at room temperature (yield: 184 g). This extract was subjected to column chromatography over silica gel and eluted with hexane and mixture of hexane and chloroform in increasing polarities. Fraction I eluted with hexane-chloroform (98:2), fraction II eluted with hexane-chloroform (90:10), fraction III eluted with hexane-chloroform (80:20), and fraction IV eluted with hexane-chloroform (50:50) were subjected to GC–MS using the HP 5 MS column of 30 m × 0.25 mm ID and 0.25 μm film thickness analysis. Results and Discussion: Fraction I yielded six peaks in which linalool, γ-muurolene, α-cadinol, γ-sitosterol, and n-hexadecanoic acid were identified. The fraction II separated 15 peaks, among which eugenol, δ-cadinene, epiglobulol, cadina-1,4-diene, triacontyl acetate, and 3,5-bis-tert-butylphenol were identified. Fraction III showed 15 peaks: α-copaene, cetene, (+)-epibicyclo-sesquiphellandrene, tetradecene, 1-octadecene, 1,2-dimethylcyclo hexadecane, 1-docosene, cyclotetracosane, and 1-nanodecene were identified. From fraction IV, γ-sitosterol, cetene, 1,2-diethyl-cyclohexadecane, 1-tetradecene, 1-eicosene, cyclotetracosane, 1-nanodecene, 1-octadecene, 2,4-bis-(1,1-dimethylethyl) phenol, and 1-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone were identified. Conclusion: These chemicals are 1st time explored from this plant.","PeriodicalId":14055,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Green Pharmacy","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86038241","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-06-01DOI: 10.22377/ijgp.v14i03.2936
M. Sangeetha
Introduction: Synedrella nodiflora (L.) Gaertn. (Asteraceae) is a native shrub of Ghana also found in the tropics and subtropics. The plant parts have been used in the treatment of rheumatism and mixtures used in the mitigation of stomach pain, interestingly, it is used in the cure of epilepsy and threatened abortion. Aim: This study focuses at investigating the probable mechanisms of free radical scavenging effects of the ethanolic and chloroform extract of the whole plant. Since the lipid cells are highly susceptible to peroxidase damage, our plant extract can be used to prevent the peroxidation of lipid cells. Material and Methods: With the help of thiobarbituric acid, the extract was screened for percentage inhibition. Similarly, the total reducing power assay was performed with respect to ferrous reduction and absorbance was studied. Results and Discussion: The extract with the increase in the concentration showed increase in the activity. Among all, the highest concentration of 200 μg/ml showed the greatest response and was relatively close to the standards used. In total reducing power and lipid peroxidation assay, ethanolic extracts of the plant seemed to show quite equal results.
{"title":"Free radical scavenging activity of the plant extracts of Synedrella nodiflora","authors":"M. Sangeetha","doi":"10.22377/ijgp.v14i03.2936","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22377/ijgp.v14i03.2936","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Synedrella nodiflora (L.) Gaertn. (Asteraceae) is a native shrub of Ghana also found in the tropics and subtropics. The plant parts have been used in the treatment of rheumatism and mixtures used in the mitigation of stomach pain, interestingly, it is used in the cure of epilepsy and threatened abortion. Aim: This study focuses at investigating the probable mechanisms of free radical scavenging effects of the ethanolic and chloroform extract of the whole plant. Since the lipid cells are highly susceptible to peroxidase damage, our plant extract can be used to prevent the peroxidation of lipid cells. Material and Methods: With the help of thiobarbituric acid, the extract was screened for percentage inhibition. Similarly, the total reducing power assay was performed with respect to ferrous reduction and absorbance was studied. Results and Discussion: The extract with the increase in the concentration showed increase in the activity. Among all, the highest concentration of 200 μg/ml showed the greatest response and was relatively close to the standards used. In total reducing power and lipid peroxidation assay, ethanolic extracts of the plant seemed to show quite equal results.","PeriodicalId":14055,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Green Pharmacy","volume":"107 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79358532","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-03-16DOI: 10.22377/IJGP.V14I1.2798
G. Vasantha
Background: Hypercholesterolemia is the state depicted by expanded greasy substances called lipids, rise in plasma total cholesterol (TC) and triglyceride (TG) levels, it is additionally called hyperlipoproteinemia. Materials and Methods: The present study was designed to investigate the hypolipidemic effect of ethanolic extract of Macrotyloma uniflorum leaves and stems (EMULS) in high-fat diet (cholesterol 2%, sodium cholate 1%, sucrose 48%, peanut oil, methionine 4%, and 47% normal laboratory feed) induced hyperlipidemia. EMULS was administered in three doses of 100 mg/kg/day p.o., 200 mg/kg/day p.o, and 400 mg/kg/day p.o each for 30 days. Results: Simultaneous administration of EMULS significantly (P < 0.01) prevents the rise in serum levels of Total Cholesterol (TCs), Triglycerides (TGs), Low Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol (LDL-C) and Very Low Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol (VLDL-C) whereas significant (p<0.05) increases in the level of High Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol (HDL-C). Conclusion: Based on the results we conclude the use of leaves and stems extract of Macrotyloma uniflorum has preventive and curative effect against hyperlipidemia.
{"title":"Antihyperlipidemic activity of ethanolic extract of Macrotyloma uniflorum (Lam.) Verdc. leaves and stems on high-fat diet-induced hyperlipidemia","authors":"G. Vasantha","doi":"10.22377/IJGP.V14I1.2798","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22377/IJGP.V14I1.2798","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Hypercholesterolemia is the state depicted by expanded greasy substances called lipids, rise in plasma total cholesterol (TC) and triglyceride (TG) levels, it is additionally called hyperlipoproteinemia. Materials and Methods: The present study was designed to investigate the hypolipidemic effect of ethanolic extract of Macrotyloma uniflorum leaves and stems (EMULS) in high-fat diet (cholesterol 2%, sodium cholate 1%, sucrose 48%, peanut oil, methionine 4%, and 47% normal laboratory feed) induced hyperlipidemia. EMULS was administered in three doses of 100 mg/kg/day p.o., 200 mg/kg/day p.o, and 400 mg/kg/day p.o each for 30 days. Results: Simultaneous administration of EMULS significantly (P < 0.01) prevents the rise in serum levels of Total Cholesterol (TCs), Triglycerides (TGs), Low Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol (LDL-C) and Very Low Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol (VLDL-C) whereas significant (p<0.05) increases in the level of High Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol (HDL-C). Conclusion: Based on the results we conclude the use of leaves and stems extract of Macrotyloma uniflorum has preventive and curative effect against hyperlipidemia.","PeriodicalId":14055,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Green Pharmacy","volume":"87 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81743066","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-03-16DOI: 10.22377/IJGP.V14I1.2796
G. Vasantha
Background: The prevalence of diabetes is growing in the world’s population. The epidemic of disease is rising in the population of India and other countries. Many herbal plants are in use for the management of diabetes till today. They are being advantageous with the lesser side effects and high therapeutic potential than the standard antidiabetic drugs. Materials and Methods: The present research is to investigate the antidiabetic activity and antioxidant effect of ethanolic extract of Crossandra infundibuliformis leaves and stems (ECILS) in alloxaninduced diabetic rats. Diabetes is induced in the experimental animals by the administration of alloxan (150 mg/kg i.p) for a week. The total treatment period was about 30 days. Blood glucose levels were tested using standard blood glucometer. This activity also includes the estimation of biochemical parameters and in vivo antioxidant parameters such as lipid peroxidation, reduced glutathione, and catalase. Histopathological studies were performed on liver and kidney. Results: The diabetic + ECILS rats experienced a significant reduction in glucose, total cholesterol, triglycerides, and increase in high-density lipoproteins compared to disease control. Conclusion: These results demonstrate that C. infundibuliformis possess antidiabetic activity, potent antioxidant activity, and can be used in future studies for the estimation of distinct phytochemicals with the antidiabetic activity.
{"title":"The antidiabetic effect of leaf and stem extract of Crossandra infundibuliformis in alloxan-induced diabetic rats and diabetic nephropathy in male rats","authors":"G. Vasantha","doi":"10.22377/IJGP.V14I1.2796","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22377/IJGP.V14I1.2796","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The prevalence of diabetes is growing in the world’s population. The epidemic of disease is rising in the population of India and other countries. Many herbal plants are in use for the management of diabetes till today. They are being advantageous with the lesser side effects and high therapeutic potential than the standard antidiabetic drugs. Materials and Methods: The present research is to investigate the antidiabetic activity and antioxidant effect of ethanolic extract of Crossandra infundibuliformis leaves and stems (ECILS) in alloxaninduced diabetic rats. Diabetes is induced in the experimental animals by the administration of alloxan (150 mg/kg i.p) for a week. The total treatment period was about 30 days. Blood glucose levels were tested using standard blood glucometer. This activity also includes the estimation of biochemical parameters and in vivo antioxidant parameters such as lipid peroxidation, reduced glutathione, and catalase. Histopathological studies were performed on liver and kidney. Results: The diabetic + ECILS rats experienced a significant reduction in glucose, total cholesterol, triglycerides, and increase in high-density lipoproteins compared to disease control. Conclusion: These results demonstrate that C. infundibuliformis possess antidiabetic activity, potent antioxidant activity, and can be used in future studies for the estimation of distinct phytochemicals with the antidiabetic activity.","PeriodicalId":14055,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Green Pharmacy","volume":"138 6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85539583","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-03-16DOI: 10.22377/IJGP.V14I1.2797
P. Reddy
Objective: This study was undertaken to investigate the antioxidant activity of methanolic extract of Schisandra (magnolia vine) (MEMV), Muntingia calabura (MEMC), and Alangium salviifolium (MEAS) fruits. Materials and Methods: Rindless fruits were subjected to treatment with pure methanol in a sufficient quantity at room temperature for a period of one week with intermittent shaking. The resultant extract then underwent double filtration, first through a cotton plug and then through Whatman filters paper No. 1. Evaporation under reduced pressure was carried out on the filtrate to get a dark green viscous mass which was stored till use at 4°C. Hydroxyl radical (OH) scavenging activity determination of reducing power, lipid peroxidation induced by carbon tetrachloride, and inhibitory test on protein oxidative modification were carried out for evaluation of the antioxidant activity of MEMV, MEMC, and MEAS fruits generated methanolic extract. Results: The inhibitory ratio of MEMV, MEMC, and MEAS on albumin oxidative modification was as high as 78.94 at a concentration of 1000μg/ml that showed an increasing proportionality trend with concentration. The reducing power of MEMV, MEMC, and MEAS increased with increasing concentration of MEMV, MEMC, and MEAS. Conclusion: All the tested concentrations of MEMV, MEMC, and MEAS showed significant (P < 0.001) activity than control, the MEMV, MEMC, and MEAS (at all tested doses 100 μg, 200 μg, and 300 μg) significantly (P < 0.001) showed scavenging activity on OHs, which were generated by the ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid/H2O2 system, in comparison to control. A similar increase in percent scavenging of OH radicals by MEMV, MEMC, and MEAS was observed with an increase in dose.
{"title":"Phytochemical screening and in vitro antioxidant study of Magnolia vine, Muntingia calabura, and Alangium salviifolium fruits","authors":"P. Reddy","doi":"10.22377/IJGP.V14I1.2797","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22377/IJGP.V14I1.2797","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: This study was undertaken to investigate the antioxidant activity of methanolic extract of Schisandra (magnolia vine) (MEMV), Muntingia calabura (MEMC), and Alangium salviifolium (MEAS) fruits. Materials and Methods: Rindless fruits were subjected to treatment with pure methanol in a sufficient quantity at room temperature for a period of one week with intermittent shaking. The resultant extract then underwent double filtration, first through a cotton plug and then through Whatman filters paper No. 1. Evaporation under reduced pressure was carried out on the filtrate to get a dark green viscous mass which was stored till use at 4°C. Hydroxyl radical (OH) scavenging activity determination of reducing power, lipid peroxidation induced by carbon tetrachloride, and inhibitory test on protein oxidative modification were carried out for evaluation of the antioxidant activity of MEMV, MEMC, and MEAS fruits generated methanolic extract. Results: The inhibitory ratio of MEMV, MEMC, and MEAS on albumin oxidative modification was as high as 78.94 at a concentration of 1000μg/ml that showed an increasing proportionality trend with concentration. The reducing power of MEMV, MEMC, and MEAS increased with increasing concentration of MEMV, MEMC, and MEAS. Conclusion: All the tested concentrations of MEMV, MEMC, and MEAS showed significant (P < 0.001) activity than control, the MEMV, MEMC, and MEAS (at all tested doses 100 μg, 200 μg, and 300 μg) significantly (P < 0.001) showed scavenging activity on OHs, which were generated by the ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid/H2O2 system, in comparison to control. A similar increase in percent scavenging of OH radicals by MEMV, MEMC, and MEAS was observed with an increase in dose.","PeriodicalId":14055,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Green Pharmacy","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73751882","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-03-03DOI: 10.22377/ijgp.v14i1.2786
B. Ramesh
Aim: Ficus benjamina, Amaranthus tricolor, and Antigonon leptopus are belonging to the families Moraceae, Amaranthaceae, and Polygonaceae, respectively. Materials and Methods: The dried powder of these leaves was extracted with methanol, chloroform, petroleum ether, diethyl ether, and ethyl acetate. These extracts were tested to antioxidant free radical scavenging assay and hemolytic activity. Evaluation of antioxidant activity of these extracts was performed using two assays such as 2,2,-diphenyl-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2’-azinobis-3-ethyl-benzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) free radical scavenging assay using quercetin as standard. Results: In DPPH radical scavenging assay, methanol, chloroform, petroleum ether, diethyl ether, and ethyl acetate showed remarkable antioxidant activity having respective IC50 values such as 31.44, 38.21, 42.2, 26.02, and 17.40 μg/ml, respectively. In ABTS radical scavenging assay, petroleum ether, diethyl ether, methanol, and ethyl acetate showed remarkable antioxidant activity having respective IC50 values such as 13.7, 77.67, 13.90, and 18.33 μg/ml, respectively. Hemolytic activity showed positive results for all the plant extracts tested for their hemolysis abilities. Conclusion: The study concludes that, among the tested plant extracts, ethyl acetate extract of A. leptopus showed highest antioxidant potential. This study gives a summary of the antioxidant and antihaemolytic potential of different extracts of F. benjamina, A. leptopus and A. tricolor.
{"title":"Comparative evaluation of antioxidant and hemolytic potential of ornamental plants Ficus benjamina, Antigonon leptopus, and Amaranthus tricolor","authors":"B. Ramesh","doi":"10.22377/ijgp.v14i1.2786","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22377/ijgp.v14i1.2786","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: Ficus benjamina, Amaranthus tricolor, and Antigonon leptopus are belonging to the families Moraceae, Amaranthaceae, and Polygonaceae, respectively. Materials and Methods: The dried powder of these leaves was extracted with methanol, chloroform, petroleum ether, diethyl ether, and ethyl acetate. These extracts were tested to antioxidant free radical scavenging assay and hemolytic activity. Evaluation of antioxidant activity of these extracts was performed using two assays such as 2,2,-diphenyl-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2’-azinobis-3-ethyl-benzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) free radical scavenging assay using quercetin as standard. Results: In DPPH radical scavenging assay, methanol, chloroform, petroleum ether, diethyl ether, and ethyl acetate showed remarkable antioxidant activity having respective IC50 values such as 31.44, 38.21, 42.2, 26.02, and 17.40 μg/ml, respectively. In ABTS radical scavenging assay, petroleum ether, diethyl ether, methanol, and ethyl acetate showed remarkable antioxidant activity having respective IC50 values such as 13.7, 77.67, 13.90, and 18.33 μg/ml, respectively. Hemolytic activity showed positive results for all the plant extracts tested for their hemolysis abilities. Conclusion: The study concludes that, among the tested plant extracts, ethyl acetate extract of A. leptopus showed highest antioxidant potential. This study gives a summary of the antioxidant and antihaemolytic potential of different extracts of F. benjamina, A. leptopus and A. tricolor.","PeriodicalId":14055,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Green Pharmacy","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90883182","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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