Pub Date : 2021-04-09DOI: 10.22377/IJGP.V15I1.3019
C. Tyagi
Objective: The objective of research paper is to evaluate the antiobesity potential of methanolic extract of Lagerstroemia parviflora Roxb. (MELPR) (leaves) in obese Wistar albino rats induced with high-calorie diet (HCD). Materials and Methods: The plant extract of L. parviflora Roxb. (leaves) with different solvents was evaluated for the lipase inhibitory activity. The MELPR at different concentrations (200 and 300 mg/kg body weight [b.w.]) was administered orally and evaluated for the estimation of biochemical parameters (serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase [SGPT] and alkaline phosphatase), skin and behavioral activity, oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol (VLDL-C and LDL-C), and antiobesity potential. Histopathological evaluation was also performed. Results and Discussion: The pancreatic lipase (PL) inhibitory activity result indicated that hexane extract did not inhibit the PL, whereas methanolic extract showed 75% inhibitory activity. Hematological study indicates that hemoglobin concentration was increased in treated group compared to control group. Biochemical study results indicate that creatinine and urea levels were found to be little lowering in treated groups compared to control group. OGTT result data indicate a significant (P < 0.05) elevation in plasma glucose, insulin, and insulin resistance in HCD control obese rats when compared to normal control rats. The antiobesity activities data indicate that HCD has substantially altered physiological and biochemical aspects. Administration of MELPR reduced significantly, b.w., total fat, fat percentage, blood glucose, insulin resistance, and lipid profile in a dose-dependent manner (200 and 300 mg/kg b.w.). Conclusion: The MELPR is non-toxic and safe up to 3000 mg/kg bodyweight in rats. Treatment with MELPR has dose dependently and significantly alleviated HCD-induced obesity, hyperlipidemia, as supported by other studies. This study demonstrates the antihyperlipidemic and antiobesity potential of MELPR and offers scientific validation and basis to develop antiobesity drugs.
{"title":"Antiobesity activity of methanolic extract of Lagerstroemia parviflora Roxb. (leaves) on Wistar albino rat model","authors":"C. Tyagi","doi":"10.22377/IJGP.V15I1.3019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22377/IJGP.V15I1.3019","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: The objective of research paper is to evaluate the antiobesity potential of methanolic extract of Lagerstroemia parviflora Roxb. (MELPR) (leaves) in obese Wistar albino rats induced with high-calorie diet (HCD). Materials and Methods: The plant extract of L. parviflora Roxb. (leaves) with different solvents was evaluated for the lipase inhibitory activity. The MELPR at different concentrations (200 and 300 mg/kg body weight [b.w.]) was administered orally and evaluated for the estimation of biochemical parameters (serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase [SGPT] and alkaline phosphatase), skin and behavioral activity, oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol (VLDL-C and LDL-C), and antiobesity potential. Histopathological evaluation was also performed. Results and Discussion: The pancreatic lipase (PL) inhibitory activity result indicated that hexane extract did not inhibit the PL, whereas methanolic extract showed 75% inhibitory activity. Hematological study indicates that hemoglobin concentration was increased in treated group compared to control group. Biochemical study results indicate that creatinine and urea levels were found to be little lowering in treated groups compared to control group. OGTT result data indicate a significant (P < 0.05) elevation in plasma glucose, insulin, and insulin resistance in HCD control obese rats when compared to normal control rats. The antiobesity activities data indicate that HCD has substantially altered physiological and biochemical aspects. Administration of MELPR reduced significantly, b.w., total fat, fat percentage, blood glucose, insulin resistance, and lipid profile in a dose-dependent manner (200 and 300 mg/kg b.w.). Conclusion: The MELPR is non-toxic and safe up to 3000 mg/kg bodyweight in rats. Treatment with MELPR has dose dependently and significantly alleviated HCD-induced obesity, hyperlipidemia, as supported by other studies. This study demonstrates the antihyperlipidemic and antiobesity potential of MELPR and offers scientific validation and basis to develop antiobesity drugs.","PeriodicalId":14055,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Green Pharmacy","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88608428","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-04-09DOI: 10.22377/IJGP.V15I1.3013
R. Bhandari
Introduction: Epilepsy is defined as the infrequent, unexpected, excessive, quick, and abnormal coordinated electrical depolarization in the gray matter of the central nervous system. The main objective of this study, involving Ficus religiosa and Aegle marmelos was to evaluate their antiepileptic activity. Materials and Methods: The plants were selected based on their ethnomedicinal values and literature reviews. Thirty-six Swiss albino mice were divided into six groups, each group comprised of six mice (25–30 g) were used for the experiment. Antiepileptic effect of ethanolic extract of F. religiosa (EEFR) at oral doses 200 and 400 mg/kg and cow urine extract of A. marmelos (CUEAM) at oral doses 200 and 400 mg/kg was studied using standard convulsive agent isoniazid (INH). The latency of the first epilepsy, duration of epilepsy, percentage mortality, and protection were observed after the administration of INH. Results: EEFR 200 and 400 mg/kg significantly delayed the onset of convulsion and reduced the duration of convulsion and showed the protection against convulsion. Similarly, CUEAM 200 and 400 mg/kg significantly delayed the latency of the first convulsion and significantly reduced the duration of action of convulsion. CUEAM 200 and 400 mg/kg showed 33.33% and 100% protection against INH-induced convulsion in mice, respectively. Discussion: Dose-dependent antiepileptic action of F. religiosa and A. marmelos. F. religiosa was found and the protection offered by A. marmelos may suggest the presence of compounds potentiating GABAergic action. Conclusion: It was concluded that F. religiosa and A. marmelos possess significant antiepileptic activity. Hence, it may be beneficial and an alternative in the treatment of epilepsy like disorders.
{"title":"Evaluation of antiepileptic activities of Ficus religiosa bark and Aegle marmelos leaves using Swiss albino mice","authors":"R. Bhandari","doi":"10.22377/IJGP.V15I1.3013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22377/IJGP.V15I1.3013","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Epilepsy is defined as the infrequent, unexpected, excessive, quick, and abnormal coordinated electrical depolarization in the gray matter of the central nervous system. The main objective of this study, involving Ficus religiosa and Aegle marmelos was to evaluate their antiepileptic activity. Materials and Methods: The plants were selected based on their ethnomedicinal values and literature reviews. Thirty-six Swiss albino mice were divided into six groups, each group comprised of six mice (25–30 g) were used for the experiment. Antiepileptic effect of ethanolic extract of F. religiosa (EEFR) at oral doses 200 and 400 mg/kg and cow urine extract of A. marmelos (CUEAM) at oral doses 200 and 400 mg/kg was studied using standard convulsive agent isoniazid (INH). The latency of the first epilepsy, duration of epilepsy, percentage mortality, and protection were observed after the administration of INH. Results: EEFR 200 and 400 mg/kg significantly delayed the onset of convulsion and reduced the duration of convulsion and showed the protection against convulsion. Similarly, CUEAM 200 and 400 mg/kg significantly delayed the latency of the first convulsion and significantly reduced the duration of action of convulsion. CUEAM 200 and 400 mg/kg showed 33.33% and 100% protection against INH-induced convulsion in mice, respectively. Discussion: Dose-dependent antiepileptic action of F. religiosa and A. marmelos. F. religiosa was found and the protection offered by A. marmelos may suggest the presence of compounds potentiating GABAergic action. Conclusion: It was concluded that F. religiosa and A. marmelos possess significant antiepileptic activity. Hence, it may be beneficial and an alternative in the treatment of epilepsy like disorders.","PeriodicalId":14055,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Green Pharmacy","volume":"134 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77384125","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-04-09DOI: 10.22377/IJGP.V15I1.3017
S. Iqubal
Introduction: The phytochemical analysis, antimicrobial activity, and in vitro antidiabetic assay of extracts obtained from the seeds of mature Indian Dudhi plant also known as Milk hedge (Euphorbia nivulia) were examined in this study. Materials and Methods: Using aqueous methanol extracts of the seeds of E. nivulia, phytochemical components were investigated. Further using chromatography, different components were separated and its antimicrobial activity was investigated. Results and Discussion: Two components from the seed extract were isolated using column chromatography. Four different types of bacterial cultures were utilized for evaluating the antimicrobial activity. The results indicated that seed extracts are more sensitive toward Gram-negative organisms. Conclusion: Thus, the presence of vial phytochemicals in the seed extract could render it therapeutic potential which can be utilized for the treatment of different diseases including microbial infections.
{"title":"Evaluation of Euphorbia nivulia seeds for their secondary metabolites and therapeutic potential","authors":"S. Iqubal","doi":"10.22377/IJGP.V15I1.3017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22377/IJGP.V15I1.3017","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: The phytochemical analysis, antimicrobial activity, and in vitro antidiabetic assay of extracts obtained from the seeds of mature Indian Dudhi plant also known as Milk hedge (Euphorbia nivulia) were examined in this study. Materials and Methods: Using aqueous methanol extracts of the seeds of E. nivulia, phytochemical components were investigated. Further using chromatography, different components were separated and its antimicrobial activity was investigated. Results and Discussion: Two components from the seed extract were isolated using column chromatography. Four different types of bacterial cultures were utilized for evaluating the antimicrobial activity. The results indicated that seed extracts are more sensitive toward Gram-negative organisms. Conclusion: Thus, the presence of vial phytochemicals in the seed extract could render it therapeutic potential which can be utilized for the treatment of different diseases including microbial infections.","PeriodicalId":14055,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Green Pharmacy","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75824534","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-15DOI: 10.22377/IJGP.V14I4.2977
S. Rao
Aim: The ethanolic, ethyl acetate, and hexane extracts of Nymphoides hydrophylla at the doses of 250 mg/kg and 500 mg/kg were administered for the evaluation of analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities (both in vitro and in vivo). Materials and Methods: Analgesic activity was evaluated by acetic acid-induced writhing, tailflick method, and Eddy’s hot plate method in albino rats. Paracetamol and tramadol were used as a standard reference drugs for analgesic activity. In vitro anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated by Human red blood cell membrane stabilization method and protein denaturation method. In vivo anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated by carrageenan-induced paw edema in albino rats. Diclofenac sodium was employed as reference drugs for antiinflammatory studies. Results and Discussion: The administration of ethanolic, ethyl acetate, and hexane extracts of N. hydrophylla in rats with 250 and 500 mg/kg body weight (b.wt.) reduced pain and inflammation, indicating that ethanolic extract possesses better analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities compared to other two extracts. The maximum analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities were observed in rats receiving 500 mg/kg b.wt. of N. hydrophylla ethanolic extract. Conclusion: Our study indicates that N. hydrophylla extracts possess both antiinflammatory and analgesic activities and it may be useful as an anti-inflammatory agent in inflammation-related disorders.
{"title":"Analgesic and Anti-inflammatory activities of ethanolic, ethyl acetate, and hexane extracts of Nymphoides hydrophylla in experimental animals","authors":"S. Rao","doi":"10.22377/IJGP.V14I4.2977","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22377/IJGP.V14I4.2977","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: The ethanolic, ethyl acetate, and hexane extracts of Nymphoides hydrophylla at the doses of 250 mg/kg and 500 mg/kg were administered for the evaluation of analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities (both in vitro and in vivo). Materials and Methods: Analgesic activity was evaluated by acetic acid-induced writhing, tailflick method, and Eddy’s hot plate method in albino rats. Paracetamol and tramadol were used as a standard reference drugs for analgesic activity. In vitro anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated by Human red blood cell membrane stabilization method and protein denaturation method. In vivo anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated by carrageenan-induced paw edema in albino rats. Diclofenac sodium was employed as reference drugs for antiinflammatory studies. Results and Discussion: The administration of ethanolic, ethyl acetate, and hexane extracts of N. hydrophylla in rats with 250 and 500 mg/kg body weight (b.wt.) reduced pain and inflammation, indicating that ethanolic extract possesses better analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities compared to other two extracts. The maximum analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities were observed in rats receiving 500 mg/kg b.wt. of N. hydrophylla ethanolic extract. Conclusion: Our study indicates that N. hydrophylla extracts possess both antiinflammatory and analgesic activities and it may be useful as an anti-inflammatory agent in inflammation-related disorders.","PeriodicalId":14055,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Green Pharmacy","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85436173","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-15DOI: 10.22377/IJGP.V14I4.2976
E. David
Background: The present study was aimed to green synthesis and characterization of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) from Gymnema sylvestre, which was evaluated for their antimicrobial activity. Materials and Methods: The synthesized NPs were characterized by various analytical techniques such as ultraviolet–visible (UV–VIS) spectroscopy, Fourier transform-infrared (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction, dynamic light scattering (DLS), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). It was confirmed through the UV–Vis spectrophotometer; corresponding peaks were identified at 424 nm. The green synthesized AgNPs were characterized by FT-IR studies to reveal the functional group attributed to the formation of AgNPs. Morphological size of AgNPs was 20 nm detect through characterization by DLS and TEM. Results: The green synthesized AgNPs showed vigorous antimicrobial activity against human pathogenic bacterial strains such as Enterobacter cloacae, Staphylococcus, hemolytic Staphylococcus petrasii subs. pragensis Bacillus cereus, and Staphylococcus aureus. Conclusion: These biosynthesized AgNPs were then used to demonstrate antimicrobial activity against a pathogen bacterium. The antibacterial activity of AgNP was clearly from the zone of inhibition. At concentrations (20 μg/ml–50μg/ml), the AgNP showed a clear zone of inhibition.
{"title":"Biological fabrication and characterization of Silver nanoparticles using Gymnemasylvestre and its medical application","authors":"E. David","doi":"10.22377/IJGP.V14I4.2976","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22377/IJGP.V14I4.2976","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The present study was aimed to green synthesis and characterization of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) from Gymnema sylvestre, which was evaluated for their antimicrobial activity. Materials and Methods: The synthesized NPs were characterized by various analytical techniques such as ultraviolet–visible (UV–VIS) spectroscopy, Fourier transform-infrared (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction, dynamic light scattering (DLS), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). It was confirmed through the UV–Vis spectrophotometer; corresponding peaks were identified at 424 nm. The green synthesized AgNPs were characterized by FT-IR studies to reveal the functional group attributed to the formation of AgNPs. Morphological size of AgNPs was 20 nm detect through characterization by DLS and TEM. Results: The green synthesized AgNPs showed vigorous antimicrobial activity against human pathogenic bacterial strains such as Enterobacter cloacae, Staphylococcus, hemolytic Staphylococcus petrasii subs. pragensis Bacillus cereus, and Staphylococcus aureus. Conclusion: These biosynthesized AgNPs were then used to demonstrate antimicrobial activity against a pathogen bacterium. The antibacterial activity of AgNP was clearly from the zone of inhibition. At concentrations (20 μg/ml–50μg/ml), the AgNP showed a clear zone of inhibition.","PeriodicalId":14055,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Green Pharmacy","volume":"46 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74173348","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-15DOI: 10.22377/IJGP.V14I4.2975
T. Sudha
Purpose: The purpose of the study was to evaluate the anticonvulsant and antioxidant properties of ethanolic extract of Cyperus esculentus using three animal models maximal electroshock seizure (MES), pentylenetetrazole (PTZ), and strychnine nitrate (STN) for inducing seizures in rats. Methods: In the entire three animal models, MES, PTZ, and STN, each model was included four groups, in which albino rats (n = 6) were used in each group. The first group was considered as control, the 2nd group as standard where diazepam 4 mg/kg is administered, and the 3rd and 4th served as test groups which were treated with ethanolic extract of C. esculentus (EECE) 200 and 400 mg/kg, respectively. In all the three experimental animal models, all the groups were treated for 14 days. On the last day, that is, 14th day after completion of all drugs administration in all three animal models which is total 12 groups of rats, within 30–40 min seizures were induced by exposing them to a shock of 150 mA with convulsiometer using ear electrodes for 2 s in MES model, 75 mg/kg of intraperitoneal injection of PTZ model and 2 mg/kg of strychnine (STN) model. Anticonvulsant activity was appreciated better only after abolition of hindlimb tonic extension (HLTE) in MES model and by measuring the duration of seizures and latency-induced seizure threshold in the PTZ and STN experimental rat models. Results: In MES model, EECE at a dose of 400 mg/kg abolishes complete HLTE in the rats, similarly at the same dose observed prolonged latency in the onset of seizures in both PTZ and STN experimental animal models. Conclusion: It is concluded that EECE has shown effective anticonvulsant activity in these animal models as it abolishes HLTE in MES model and delayed the latency of seizure threshold in PTZ and STN models.
{"title":"Evaluation of anticonvulsant and antioxidant properties of Cyperus esculentus Linn. in various types of experimentally induced seizures in rats","authors":"T. Sudha","doi":"10.22377/IJGP.V14I4.2975","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22377/IJGP.V14I4.2975","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: The purpose of the study was to evaluate the anticonvulsant and antioxidant properties of ethanolic extract of Cyperus esculentus using three animal models maximal electroshock seizure (MES), pentylenetetrazole (PTZ), and strychnine nitrate (STN) for inducing seizures in rats. Methods: In the entire three animal models, MES, PTZ, and STN, each model was included four groups, in which albino rats (n = 6) were used in each group. The first group was considered as control, the 2nd group as standard where diazepam 4 mg/kg is administered, and the 3rd and 4th served as test groups which were treated with ethanolic extract of C. esculentus (EECE) 200 and 400 mg/kg, respectively. In all the three experimental animal models, all the groups were treated for 14 days. On the last day, that is, 14th day after completion of all drugs administration in all three animal models which is total 12 groups of rats, within 30–40 min seizures were induced by exposing them to a shock of 150 mA with convulsiometer using ear electrodes for 2 s in MES model, 75 mg/kg of intraperitoneal injection of PTZ model and 2 mg/kg of strychnine (STN) model. Anticonvulsant activity was appreciated better only after abolition of hindlimb tonic extension (HLTE) in MES model and by measuring the duration of seizures and latency-induced seizure threshold in the PTZ and STN experimental rat models. Results: In MES model, EECE at a dose of 400 mg/kg abolishes complete HLTE in the rats, similarly at the same dose observed prolonged latency in the onset of seizures in both PTZ and STN experimental animal models. Conclusion: It is concluded that EECE has shown effective anticonvulsant activity in these animal models as it abolishes HLTE in MES model and delayed the latency of seizure threshold in PTZ and STN models.","PeriodicalId":14055,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Green Pharmacy","volume":"35 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85637520","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-15DOI: 10.22377/IJGP.V14I4.2978
C. Shivamallu
Background: To combat the action of beta-lactams, Klebsiella pneumoniae launches the enzymatic action by producing beta-lactamases to destruct the activity of ceftazidime and piperacillin. Objective: In our research, we want to know the action of ceftazidime and piperacillin on penicillin-binding protein2 (PBP2) and also does it have any interactions with beta-lactamases (OXA1 and SHV-28). Our idea is to prevent the action of beta-lactamases on ceftazidime and piperacillin. Hence, we have modified the beta-lactam core structures of ceftazidime and piperacillin and done the comparative docking interaction studies. Materials and Methods: K. pneumoniae U25 has been selected for the comparative docking analysis study with ceftazidime and piperacillin antibiotics by modifying its structures and targeting them against PBP2 and beta-lactamases (OXA-1 and SHV-28). Results: Our docking analysis revealed that ceftazidime and modified ceftazidime are forming hydrogen bonds, but piperacillin and modified piperacillin are showing hydrophobic interactions with an active site serine residue (Ser316) of PBP2 responsible for the transpeptidase activity in K. pneumoniae U25. Protective action by beta-lactamases (OXA-1 and SHV-28) to K. pneumoniae U25 against beta-lactam antibiotics is also revealed through our study by docking interactions of Ser71 of OXA-1 and Ser66 of SHV-28 with the ceftazidime, modified ceftazidime, piperacillin, and modified piperacillin.
{"title":"In Silico Study of Ceftazidime and Piperacillin Against Penicillin-Binding Protein 2, Beta-Lactamase (OXA-1 and SHV-28) of Klebsiella pneumoniae U25","authors":"C. Shivamallu","doi":"10.22377/IJGP.V14I4.2978","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22377/IJGP.V14I4.2978","url":null,"abstract":"Background: To combat the action of beta-lactams, Klebsiella pneumoniae launches the enzymatic action by producing beta-lactamases to destruct the activity of ceftazidime and piperacillin. Objective: In our research, we want to know the action of ceftazidime and piperacillin on penicillin-binding protein2 (PBP2) and also does it have any interactions with beta-lactamases (OXA1 and SHV-28). Our idea is to prevent the action of beta-lactamases on ceftazidime and piperacillin. Hence, we have modified the beta-lactam core structures of ceftazidime and piperacillin and done the comparative docking interaction studies. Materials and Methods: K. pneumoniae U25 has been selected for the comparative docking analysis study with ceftazidime and piperacillin antibiotics by modifying its structures and targeting them against PBP2 and beta-lactamases (OXA-1 and SHV-28). Results: Our docking analysis revealed that ceftazidime and modified ceftazidime are forming hydrogen bonds, but piperacillin and modified piperacillin are showing hydrophobic interactions with an active site serine residue (Ser316) of PBP2 responsible for the transpeptidase activity in K. pneumoniae U25. Protective action by beta-lactamases (OXA-1 and SHV-28) to K. pneumoniae U25 against beta-lactam antibiotics is also revealed through our study by docking interactions of Ser71 of OXA-1 and Ser66 of SHV-28 with the ceftazidime, modified ceftazidime, piperacillin, and modified piperacillin.","PeriodicalId":14055,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Green Pharmacy","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77080177","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-07DOI: 10.22377/IJGP.V14I4.2974
R. Jyothi
Background: Medicinal plants have been playing a major role because of their therapeutic importance in terms of combating various diseases. Colocasia esculenta is an annual plant known for its medicinal properties. Aim: The present investigation was aimed to screen the cytotoxic potentiality of C. esculenta leaves extract against five different cancer cell lines. Materials and Methods: Ethanol was used as a solvent to extract plant material using hot extraction method. In our investigation, five different cancer cell lines such as human lung cancer (A549), ovarian cancer (Pa-1), prostate cancer (PC3), colon cancer (HCT 116), and acute leukemia (K562) were exposed to dose dependent cytotoxic studies. 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay carried out to determine the efficacy of ethanol extract of indigenous medicinal plant C. esculenta leaves in hindering the activity of cancerous cells and cisplatin was used as standard anticancer drug. Results: The inhibitory concentration (IC50) values recorded for Pa-1, A549, HCT116, K562, and PC-3 are 93.2 µg/mL, 133.6 µg/mL, 172.87 µg/mL, 217.54 µg/mL, and 223.08 µg/mL, respectively. The IC50 values ranged 93.2 µg/mL–223.08 µg/mL indicate the presence of variety of active principles present in the ethanolic extract. Conclusion: The ethanolic extract showed dose-dependent activity against all five different cancer cell lines. Investigation provides basic evidence to enlist C. esculenta leaves as one of the plants with cytotoxic properties, encourages to isolate bioactive compounds, and understands their interaction with cancer cells.
{"title":"Cytotoxic potentiality of Colocasia esculenta leaves extract on five different cancer cell lines using 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5- diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay","authors":"R. Jyothi","doi":"10.22377/IJGP.V14I4.2974","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22377/IJGP.V14I4.2974","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Medicinal plants have been playing a major role because of their therapeutic importance in terms of combating various diseases. Colocasia esculenta is an annual plant known for its medicinal properties. Aim: The present investigation was aimed to screen the cytotoxic potentiality of C. esculenta leaves extract against five different cancer cell lines. Materials and Methods: Ethanol was used as a solvent to extract plant material using hot extraction method. In our investigation, five different cancer cell lines such as human lung cancer (A549), ovarian cancer (Pa-1), prostate cancer (PC3), colon cancer (HCT 116), and acute leukemia (K562) were exposed to dose dependent cytotoxic studies. 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay carried out to determine the efficacy of ethanol extract of indigenous medicinal plant C. esculenta leaves in hindering the activity of cancerous cells and cisplatin was used as standard anticancer drug. Results: The inhibitory concentration (IC50) values recorded for Pa-1, A549, HCT116, K562, and PC-3 are 93.2 µg/mL, 133.6 µg/mL, 172.87 µg/mL, 217.54 µg/mL, and 223.08 µg/mL, respectively. The IC50 values ranged 93.2 µg/mL–223.08 µg/mL indicate the presence of variety of active principles present in the ethanolic extract. Conclusion: The ethanolic extract showed dose-dependent activity against all five different cancer cell lines. Investigation provides basic evidence to enlist C. esculenta leaves as one of the plants with cytotoxic properties, encourages to isolate bioactive compounds, and understands their interaction with cancer cells.","PeriodicalId":14055,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Green Pharmacy","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89012736","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-07DOI: 10.22377/IJGP.V14I4.2971
P. Kumar
Objective: The present study was aimed to screening the phytochemical constituents present in various solvent extracts such as hexane, chloroform, acetone, ethyl acetate, and methanol of Sargassum wightii. Selected extract was subjected to high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) profile and its antioxidant activity. Materials and Methods: All extracts were screening of phytochemicals using standard procedures as described by Harborne. The maximum constituents contained in extract were subjected to identify the functional groups using FT-IR and also subjected for HPTLC screening with suitable mobile phase as hexane:toluene:chloroform:ethyl acetate. The HPTLC fingerprint exhibited the bands of phytochemical constituents and was visualized under UV 254 nm and 366 nm. TLC spots were scanned by CAMAG TLC scanner. Anti-oxidant activity of ethyl acetate extract was determined by DPPH free-radical scavenging activity. Results: Ethyl acetate extract was contained maximum number of components such as alkaloids, phenols, steroids, saponins, flavonoids, and tannins. HPTLC chromatogram of Ethyl acetate extract recorded seven bands at 254 nm with different Rf values whereas at 366 nm, 12 bands were recorded with maximum Rf values. The DPPH assay indicates S. wightii as a potential antioxidant. IC50 value of S. wightii is 320.05 µg/ml. Conclusion: The results suggest that S. wightii has an edible source for many nutrients show potential antioxidant activity
{"title":"Phytochemical screening and high-performance thin-layer chromatography profile of Sargassum wightii and its antioxidant activity","authors":"P. Kumar","doi":"10.22377/IJGP.V14I4.2971","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22377/IJGP.V14I4.2971","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: The present study was aimed to screening the phytochemical constituents present in various solvent extracts such as hexane, chloroform, acetone, ethyl acetate, and methanol of Sargassum wightii. Selected extract was subjected to high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) profile and its antioxidant activity. Materials and Methods: All extracts were screening of phytochemicals using standard procedures as described by Harborne. The maximum constituents contained in extract were subjected to identify the functional groups using FT-IR and also subjected for HPTLC screening with suitable mobile phase as hexane:toluene:chloroform:ethyl acetate. The HPTLC fingerprint exhibited the bands of phytochemical constituents and was visualized under UV 254 nm and 366 nm. TLC spots were scanned by CAMAG TLC scanner. Anti-oxidant activity of ethyl acetate extract was determined by DPPH free-radical scavenging activity. Results: Ethyl acetate extract was contained maximum number of components such as alkaloids, phenols, steroids, saponins, flavonoids, and tannins. HPTLC chromatogram of Ethyl acetate extract recorded seven bands at 254 nm with different Rf values whereas at 366 nm, 12 bands were recorded with maximum Rf values. The DPPH assay indicates S. wightii as a potential antioxidant. IC50 value of S. wightii is 320.05 µg/ml. Conclusion: The results suggest that S. wightii has an edible source for many nutrients show potential antioxidant activity","PeriodicalId":14055,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Green Pharmacy","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88816695","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-07DOI: 10.22377/IJGP.V14I4.2973
Shreshtha Kaushik
Introduction: Embelia ribes Burm. f., Myrsinaceae is a promising medicinal herb valued for its digestive, carminative, anthelmintic, and laxative property since Vedic period. Due to its excessive harvesting, it is reported in red list data book as vulnerable. Hence, in markets, E. ribes is generally found adulterated with E. robusta due to its close morphological similarity with ribes. Thus, the present study attempts to validate and compare physicochemical parameters and chromatographic profile of fruits of two species of Vidanga, that is, E. ribes and E. robusta for proper identification of the drug in dry form and to check adulteration. Materials and Methods: Evaluation of macroscopic characters, physicochemical parameters such as organoleptic, loss on drying, total ash, acid insoluble ash, water soluble ash, alcohol, and water soluble extractives as well as high performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) analysis were performed for fruits of both the species of Vidanga, namely, E. ribes and E. robusta as per standard guidelines. Results: The macroscopic study section revealed that the fruits of both the species vary in color, size, and presence of beak such as projection and membrane over the pericarp. The distinct character of E. ribes is the presence of whitish spots on its seeds (Chitratandula) which is found to be absent in robusta seeds. All the physicochemical parameters of E. ribes were found in compliance with the official standards laid down by Ayurvedic Pharmacopeia of India. These findings accomplished the chief objective of validating the pharmacopoeial characters. Moreover, it was observed that there are no significant differences in the physicochemical constants of both the species except one parameter, that is, water soluble extractives. Apart, HPTLC proffered some identical as well as some dissimilar Rf . Discussion: As no remarkable differences were observed in conventional quality control assays for possible phyto and physicochemical variations between the samples, it is concluded that the spotless vidanga, that is, E. robusta can also be utilized in pharmaceutics. Moreover, extended studies with multiple samples from different market sources can be carried out to generate further evidences on analytical and therapeutic ground.
{"title":"Validation of pharmacopoeial characters of marketed samples of Embelia species (Vidanga)","authors":"Shreshtha Kaushik","doi":"10.22377/IJGP.V14I4.2973","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22377/IJGP.V14I4.2973","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Embelia ribes Burm. f., Myrsinaceae is a promising medicinal herb valued for its digestive, carminative, anthelmintic, and laxative property since Vedic period. Due to its excessive harvesting, it is reported in red list data book as vulnerable. Hence, in markets, E. ribes is generally found adulterated with E. robusta due to its close morphological similarity with ribes. Thus, the present study attempts to validate and compare physicochemical parameters and chromatographic profile of fruits of two species of Vidanga, that is, E. ribes and E. robusta for proper identification of the drug in dry form and to check adulteration. Materials and Methods: Evaluation of macroscopic characters, physicochemical parameters such as organoleptic, loss on drying, total ash, acid insoluble ash, water soluble ash, alcohol, and water soluble extractives as well as high performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) analysis were performed for fruits of both the species of Vidanga, namely, E. ribes and E. robusta as per standard guidelines. Results: The macroscopic study section revealed that the fruits of both the species vary in color, size, and presence of beak such as projection and membrane over the pericarp. The distinct character of E. ribes is the presence of whitish spots on its seeds (Chitratandula) which is found to be absent in robusta seeds. All the physicochemical parameters of E. ribes were found in compliance with the official standards laid down by Ayurvedic Pharmacopeia of India. These findings accomplished the chief objective of validating the pharmacopoeial characters. Moreover, it was observed that there are no significant differences in the physicochemical constants of both the species except one parameter, that is, water soluble extractives. Apart, HPTLC proffered some identical as well as some dissimilar Rf . Discussion: As no remarkable differences were observed in conventional quality control assays for possible phyto and physicochemical variations between the samples, it is concluded that the spotless vidanga, that is, E. robusta can also be utilized in pharmaceutics. Moreover, extended studies with multiple samples from different market sources can be carried out to generate further evidences on analytical and therapeutic ground.","PeriodicalId":14055,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Green Pharmacy","volume":"151 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91147282","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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