Pub Date : 2021-07-26DOI: 10.22377/IJGP.V15I2.3076
M. Shah
Entada Adans is a genus with pantropical distribution comprising of some gigantic woody climbers with huge fruits. Many species are well documented and used in traditional medicine (Ayurveda) in the treatment of arthritis, joint pain, liver disorders, diarrhea, paralysis, and eye diseases. Many of these ethnomedicinal properties have been experimentally proven in different animal models and are compiled in a comprehensive approach in this review. Compounds recorded to be present in different species of the genus mainly include saponins, flavonoids, phenols, alkaloids, tannins, triterpenoids, steroids, proteins, and carbohydrates. This study is an effort to collect inclusive scientific data published till March 2020, providing a summarized report on the chemical constituents, ethnobotany, ethnopharmacology, toxicology, pharmacology, and related therapeutic potential of important species of genus Entada. The present literature study was extensively explored by databases such as Scifinder, books, Google, Google Scholar, Web of science, Science direct, journals, and other literatures. The present review article highlights this genus of endangered species as source of medicinally and nutritionally valued plants by focusing on pharmacological studies that validates their folklore uses. Furthermore, it draws attention for its conservation as it is the need of the hour to utilize different conservational strategies and save this medicinal wealth from extinction. The present piece of writing on genus Entada would be a useful edition to envisage the future line of investigations.
是一个泛热带分布的属，由一些巨大的木质攀援植物组成，果实巨大。许多品种都有很好的文献记载，并在传统医学(阿育吠陀)中用于治疗关节炎、关节疼痛、肝脏疾病、腹泻、麻痹和眼疾。许多这些民族医药特性已经在不同的动物模型中得到了实验证明，并在本综述中以综合的方法进行了汇编。在不同种类中记录到的化合物主要有皂苷、黄酮类、酚类、生物碱、单宁、三萜、类固醇、蛋白质和碳水化合物。本研究收集了截至2020年3月发表的完整科学数据，总结了恩达达属重要物种的化学成分、民族植物学、民族药理学、毒理学、药理学及相关治疗潜力。本文通过Scifinder、books、Google、Google Scholar、Web of science、science direct、期刊等数据库进行了广泛的文献检索。这篇综述文章强调了这一濒危物种作为药用和营养价值植物的来源，重点是药理学研究，验证了它们的民间用途。此外，它引起了人们对其保护的关注，因为现在需要利用不同的保护策略，拯救这种药用财富免于灭绝。目前关于恩达属的文章将是一个有用的版本，以设想未来的调查路线。
{"title":"Entada Adans, an ethnopharmacologically important genus: A review","authors":"M. Shah","doi":"10.22377/IJGP.V15I2.3076","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22377/IJGP.V15I2.3076","url":null,"abstract":"Entada Adans is a genus with pantropical distribution comprising of some gigantic woody climbers with huge fruits. Many species are well documented and used in traditional medicine (Ayurveda) in the treatment of arthritis, joint pain, liver disorders, diarrhea, paralysis, and eye diseases. Many of these ethnomedicinal properties have been experimentally proven in different animal models and are compiled in a comprehensive approach in this review. Compounds recorded to be present in different species of the genus mainly include saponins, flavonoids, phenols, alkaloids, tannins, triterpenoids, steroids, proteins, and carbohydrates. This study is an effort to collect inclusive scientific data published till March 2020, providing a summarized report on the chemical constituents, ethnobotany, ethnopharmacology, toxicology, pharmacology, and related therapeutic potential of important species of genus Entada. The present literature study was extensively explored by databases such as Scifinder, books, Google, Google Scholar, Web of science, Science direct, journals, and other literatures. The present review article highlights this genus of endangered species as source of medicinally and nutritionally valued plants by focusing on pharmacological studies that validates their folklore uses. Furthermore, it draws attention for its conservation as it is the need of the hour to utilize different conservational strategies and save this medicinal wealth from extinction. The present piece of writing on genus Entada would be a useful edition to envisage the future line of investigations.","PeriodicalId":14055,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Green Pharmacy","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75203992","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-26DOI: 10.22377/ijgp.v15i2.3077
Saba Maanvizhi
As coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) instances still exist in an alarming manner, there are no efficient and effective remedies or treatment to fight against the deadly coronavirus infection. The morbidity rate concerned with COVID-19 also shoots up in the case of individuals with a weak immune system such as children, older patients, or sufferers with already have health-related problems. In the present, herbal medicinal products can serve as healing agents, to assist human beings in combating the COVID-19 infection through boosting their immune responses. Herbal remedies must fulfill the regulatory standards of quality, safety, and efficacy to get market approval. At present, the requirements and regulations of herbal remedies differ based on the regulatory requirement of country, which raises a dispute for the manufacturing of standardized herbal remedies in the global market. The main intention of this review article is to compile and discuss various traditional herbal medicine and their remedies to assist in strengthening the immune system and even plays the better role in fighting against coronavirus.
{"title":"Global regulatory scenario of indigenous medicines with respect to Covid-19","authors":"Saba Maanvizhi","doi":"10.22377/ijgp.v15i2.3077","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22377/ijgp.v15i2.3077","url":null,"abstract":"As coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) instances still exist in an alarming manner, there are no efficient and effective remedies or treatment to fight against the deadly coronavirus infection. The morbidity rate concerned with COVID-19 also shoots up in the case of individuals with a weak immune system such as children, older patients, or sufferers with already have health-related problems. In the present, herbal medicinal products can serve as healing agents, to assist human beings in combating the COVID-19 infection through boosting their immune responses. Herbal remedies must fulfill the regulatory standards of quality, safety, and efficacy to get market approval. At present, the requirements and regulations of herbal remedies differ based on the regulatory requirement of country, which raises a dispute for the manufacturing of standardized herbal remedies in the global market. The main intention of this review article is to compile and discuss various traditional herbal medicine and their remedies to assist in strengthening the immune system and even plays the better role in fighting against coronavirus.","PeriodicalId":14055,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Green Pharmacy","volume":"209 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75800778","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-26DOI: 10.22377/ijgp.v15i2.3078
M. Shah
Introduction: Globally, the use of traditional medicines is being encouraged for the treatment of chronic disorders, as synthetic drugs may cause untoward effects. The genus Stachytarpheta Vahl (Verbenaceae), known as “porter weed” [English], “gervao,” includes many species widely distributed in tropical and subtropical America and Africa with few members in tropical Asia and Oceania. It is valued traditionally for its different species that possess anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, antimicrobial, and antipyretic activities. Interestingly, current research on genus has revealed the presence of phenylethanoid with various pharmacological properties and multispectrum therapeutic applications. A relatively large number of studies cited here have adduced the possible areas where the important species of this genus can exhibit their therapeutic activities in the treatment of chronic ailments or diseases including ulcers, fever, renal disorders, and atherosclerosis. Materials and Methods: An extensive search in three electronic databases (Unbound Medline, PubMed, and Science Direct) and internet search engines (SciFinder and Google Scholar) was used to connote the studies on genus Stachytarpheta. Results and Discussion: This review amplifies the recent studies on phytochemical and pharmacological aspects, which alludes, these species have excogitated with noteworthy therapeutic activities. Conclusion: The present piece of write up will also draw the attention of scientists toward the issues and challenges associated with the probable approaches that may be reconnoitred to encourage people take the maximum benefit of these potentially useful species.
{"title":"Phytochemistry, pharmacology, and botanical aspects of Stachytarpheta species – A review","authors":"M. Shah","doi":"10.22377/ijgp.v15i2.3078","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22377/ijgp.v15i2.3078","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Globally, the use of traditional medicines is being encouraged for the treatment of chronic disorders, as synthetic drugs may cause untoward effects. The genus Stachytarpheta Vahl (Verbenaceae), known as “porter weed” [English], “gervao,” includes many species widely distributed in tropical and subtropical America and Africa with few members in tropical Asia and Oceania. It is valued traditionally for its different species that possess anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, antimicrobial, and antipyretic activities. Interestingly, current research on genus has revealed the presence of phenylethanoid with various pharmacological properties and multispectrum therapeutic applications. A relatively large number of studies cited here have adduced the possible areas where the important species of this genus can exhibit their therapeutic activities in the treatment of chronic ailments or diseases including ulcers, fever, renal disorders, and atherosclerosis. Materials and Methods: An extensive search in three electronic databases (Unbound Medline, PubMed, and Science Direct) and internet search engines (SciFinder and Google Scholar) was used to connote the studies on genus Stachytarpheta. Results and Discussion: This review amplifies the recent studies on phytochemical and pharmacological aspects, which alludes, these species have excogitated with noteworthy therapeutic activities. Conclusion: The present piece of write up will also draw the attention of scientists toward the issues and challenges associated with the probable approaches that may be reconnoitred to encourage people take the maximum benefit of these potentially useful species.","PeriodicalId":14055,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Green Pharmacy","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84263262","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-01DOI: 10.22377/ijgp.v15i2.3079
N. Varnakulendran
Introduction: The crude drugs are untreated substances derived from organic or inorganic sources such as plants, metal, mineral, and animal or their parts. This study is focused on plants sources obtained from underneath the ground chiefly roots and underground stems. Siddha system of medicine is an ancient system of indigenous medicine practiced in several parts of the world. Materials and Methods: The information is gathered through scientific research articles from the reputed website such as PubMed, Elsevier, and Web of Science. Results and Discussion: The roots are specially modified into underground stems for storage of starch and water. Rhizomes are also a type of swollen stem that grows underground, such as ginger and turmeric. Tubers with their lumpy, swollen, and starchy underground stem, potatoes are a very familiar example of tubers. Onions are a classic example of a bulb when sliced in half, they clearly display the concentric rings that are the telltale sign of a bulb. Elephant yam is a type of corm, swollen stem base that is modified into a mass of storage tissue. A corm does not have visible storage rings when cut into half. This distinguishes it from a true bulb. This review highlights the medicinal plant’s roots and underground stems used in the traditional medicines. Electronic databases were utilized to analyze the ethnopharmacological effects of the roots and underground stems of the herbs. Conclusion: Plenty of phytochemical studies done in different analytical ways which revealed the potency of the roots and underground stems of these herbs. Moreover, this information has prompted to compile the list of roots and underground stems used in the traditional system of medicine to cure many health manifestations.
简介:原料药是指从植物、金属、矿物、动物或其部分等有机或无机来源中提取的未经处理的物质。本研究主要针对地下植物来源，主要是根和地下茎。悉达医学体系是一种古老的本土医学体系，在世界上几个地方都有实践。材料和方法:通过PubMed、Elsevier、Web of Science等知名网站的科研文章收集信息。结果与讨论:根经特殊修饰成地下茎，用于储存淀粉和水分。根茎也是一种生长在地下的膨大茎，如姜和姜黄。块茎，块状，肿胀，富含淀粉的地下茎，土豆是块茎的一个非常熟悉的例子。洋葱是一个典型的鳞茎，当把洋葱切成两半时，洋葱上的同心圆就很明显了，这是鳞茎的标志。象山药是一种球茎，肿胀的茎基部被改造成大量的储存组织。球茎切成两半时没有可见的贮藏环。这使它有别于真正的球茎。本文综述了药用植物的根和地下茎在传统药物中的应用。利用电子数据库对这些药材的根和地下茎的民族药理作用进行分析。结论:通过不同的分析方法进行了大量的植物化学研究，揭示了这些草药的根和地下茎的效力。此外，这些信息促使人们编制了传统医学系统中用于治疗许多健康症状的根和地下茎的清单。
{"title":"Therapeutic perspectives of plant crude drugs grow underneath the ground","authors":"N. Varnakulendran","doi":"10.22377/ijgp.v15i2.3079","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22377/ijgp.v15i2.3079","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: The crude drugs are untreated substances derived from organic or inorganic sources such as plants, metal, mineral, and animal or their parts. This study is focused on plants sources obtained from underneath the ground chiefly roots and underground stems. Siddha system of medicine is an ancient system of indigenous medicine practiced in several parts of the world. Materials and Methods: The information is gathered through scientific research articles from the reputed website such as PubMed, Elsevier, and Web of Science. Results and Discussion: The roots are specially modified into underground stems for storage of starch and water. Rhizomes are also a type of swollen stem that grows underground, such as ginger and turmeric. Tubers with their lumpy, swollen, and starchy underground stem, potatoes are a very familiar example of tubers. Onions are a classic example of a bulb when sliced in half, they clearly display the concentric rings that are the telltale sign of a bulb. Elephant yam is a type of corm, swollen stem base that is modified into a mass of storage tissue. A corm does not have visible storage rings when cut into half. This distinguishes it from a true bulb. This review highlights the medicinal plant’s roots and underground stems used in the traditional medicines. Electronic databases were utilized to analyze the ethnopharmacological effects of the roots and underground stems of the herbs. Conclusion: Plenty of phytochemical studies done in different analytical ways which revealed the potency of the roots and underground stems of these herbs. Moreover, this information has prompted to compile the list of roots and underground stems used in the traditional system of medicine to cure many health manifestations.","PeriodicalId":14055,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Green Pharmacy","volume":"137 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79894763","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Rajat Bhasma (RB) is a herbomineral formulation used in Ayurvedic practice. The traditional system of medicine expresses that bhasma contains various metals and minerals, used in different disease conditions but due to the presence of heavy metals, and is questioned for their safety aspect by regulatory authorities. Phytotherapeutics require a scientific approach to deliver the components in a sustained manner to increase the patient compliance and avoid repeated administration. Aim: To study comparative evaluation of herbally prepared silver nanoparticles and Rajat Bhasma using modern analytical Instruments and acute toxicity study. Materials and Methods: The ginger rhizomes (Zingiber officinale) and fenugreek seed (Trigonella foenum-graecum) extract were selected due to its antidiabetic activity and silver in the form of RB is recommended for antidiabetic activity in Ayurveda. The crude extract was prepared by maceration method and synthesis of silver nanoparticles was done by adding dropwise extract of herbal in silver nitrate solution. Further, acute oral toxicity was performed on Wistar albino rat. Results and Discussion: Herbal silver nanoparticles (HSNs) were comparatively evaluated with RB using modern analytical technics. Acute toxicity study revealed the safety of HSN over the RB. Conclusion: Integrating nanoscience as a novel drug delivery system (NDDS) in traditional medicine enriches the potential of herbal drugs for treating chronic diseases. In the present study, HSNs were prepared using ginger rhizomes (Z. officinale) and fenugreek seeds (T. foenum-graecum) extracts and were compared with marketed RB by employing acute toxicity studies and characterization was done using ultraviolet spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared, particle size analyzer, X-ray diffraction, and scanning electron microscopy techniques. The results of the study showed that HSN can be an alternative for herbomineral formulations.
{"title":"EVALUATION AND ACUTE TOXICITY STUDIES OF HERBALLY PREPARED SILVER NANOPARTICLES AND RAJAT BHASMA USING MODERN ANALYTICAL INSTRUMENTS","authors":"S. Bhujbal","doi":"10.22377/ijgpmds","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22377/ijgpmds","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Rajat Bhasma (RB) is a herbomineral formulation used in Ayurvedic practice. The traditional system of medicine expresses that bhasma contains various metals and minerals, used in different disease conditions but due to the presence of heavy metals, and is questioned for their safety aspect by regulatory authorities. Phytotherapeutics require a scientific approach to deliver the components in a sustained manner to increase the patient compliance and avoid repeated administration. Aim: To study comparative evaluation of herbally prepared silver nanoparticles and Rajat Bhasma using modern analytical Instruments and acute toxicity study. Materials and Methods: The ginger rhizomes (Zingiber officinale) and fenugreek seed (Trigonella foenum-graecum) extract were selected due to its antidiabetic activity and silver in the form of RB is recommended for antidiabetic activity in Ayurveda. The crude extract was prepared by maceration method and synthesis of silver nanoparticles was done by adding dropwise extract of herbal in silver nitrate solution. Further, acute oral toxicity was performed on Wistar albino rat. Results and Discussion: Herbal silver nanoparticles (HSNs) were comparatively evaluated with RB using modern analytical technics. Acute toxicity study revealed the safety of HSN over the RB. Conclusion: Integrating nanoscience as a novel drug delivery system (NDDS) in traditional medicine enriches the potential of herbal drugs for treating chronic diseases. In the present study, HSNs were prepared using ginger rhizomes (Z. officinale) and fenugreek seeds (T. foenum-graecum) extracts and were compared with marketed RB by employing acute toxicity studies and characterization was done using ultraviolet spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared, particle size analyzer, X-ray diffraction, and scanning electron microscopy techniques. The results of the study showed that HSN can be an alternative for herbomineral formulations.","PeriodicalId":14055,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Green Pharmacy","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84911890","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-04-09DOI: 10.22377/IJGP.V15I1.3016
Radhika Chikatipalli
Objective: The present study aims pharmacognostic investigations and antioxidant activity of Bombax ceiba leaf extracts. Materials and Methods: The materials and methods for standardization parameters were performed by the Association of Official Analytical Chemist (AOAC) methods. The antioxidant activity was evaluated by taking ascorbic acid as standard, total phenolic content and total flavonoid content were determined by Folin–Ciocalteu method. Results: The results of qualitative phytochemical screening of Bombax ceiba aerial part extracts showed the presence of important phytochemical compounds, namely, flavonoids, saponins, tannins, and phenolic compounds. The results of total phenolic content and total flavonoid content of different Bombax ceiba leaf extracts showed the highest TPC and TFC for pet. ether extract and the free radical scavenging activity of extracts is in concentration gradient. Conclusion: It is concluded that Bombax ceiba leaf extracts have a rich profile of phytochemicals with significant proximate composition and good antioxidant activity. The findings indicate that Bombax ceiba leaf extract can be taken as an initiative step for finding out the promising agents responsible for its phytochemical and antioxidant activities and could be an important source of natural compounds for the development of new drug.
{"title":"Pharmacognostic evaluation and free radical scavenging activity of Bombax ceiba leaf extracts","authors":"Radhika Chikatipalli","doi":"10.22377/IJGP.V15I1.3016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22377/IJGP.V15I1.3016","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: The present study aims pharmacognostic investigations and antioxidant activity of Bombax ceiba leaf extracts. Materials and Methods: The materials and methods for standardization parameters were performed by the Association of Official Analytical Chemist (AOAC) methods. The antioxidant activity was evaluated by taking ascorbic acid as standard, total phenolic content and total flavonoid content were determined by Folin–Ciocalteu method. Results: The results of qualitative phytochemical screening of Bombax ceiba aerial part extracts showed the presence of important phytochemical compounds, namely, flavonoids, saponins, tannins, and phenolic compounds. The results of total phenolic content and total flavonoid content of different Bombax ceiba leaf extracts showed the highest TPC and TFC for pet. ether extract and the free radical scavenging activity of extracts is in concentration gradient. Conclusion: It is concluded that Bombax ceiba leaf extracts have a rich profile of phytochemicals with significant proximate composition and good antioxidant activity. The findings indicate that Bombax ceiba leaf extract can be taken as an initiative step for finding out the promising agents responsible for its phytochemical and antioxidant activities and could be an important source of natural compounds for the development of new drug.","PeriodicalId":14055,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Green Pharmacy","volume":"47 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75166061","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-04-09DOI: 10.22377/IJGP.V15I1.3015
Sabeena Syed
Background: Jasminum elongatum belonging to the family Oleaceae have been used widely in ethnomedicinal practices for its medicinal value. However, no published work is available till date on pharmacognostical characterization. Objective: The objective of the study was to conduct pharmacognostical and phytochemical study of leaves of J. elongatum. Materials and Methods: Evaluation of leaf samples was performed by determining morphological, microscopical characters, physicochemical, and phytochemical analysis recommended by the World Health Organization. Results: Morphologically, the leaves are opposite with ovate to lanceolate in shape and acute apex. Microscopically, the epidermal region shows the presence of glandular and covering trichomes along with anomocytic stomata. The midrib region consists of horseshoe-shaped vascular bundles with spiral-shaped xylem vessels. Powder microscopy revealed the presence of spiral-shaped xylem vessels, spindle-shaped fibers, and stone cells. Physicochemical analysis and phytochemical analysis resulted a valuable data to establish standards for the plant. Conclusion: The establishment of pharmacognostical parameters of leaf material will be useful in identification and standardization of J. elongatum in obtaining quality formulations.
{"title":"Pharmacognostical characterization of leaves of Jasminum elongatum (P.J.Bergius) Willd. for quality control assessment","authors":"Sabeena Syed","doi":"10.22377/IJGP.V15I1.3015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22377/IJGP.V15I1.3015","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Jasminum elongatum belonging to the family Oleaceae have been used widely in ethnomedicinal practices for its medicinal value. However, no published work is available till date on pharmacognostical characterization. Objective: The objective of the study was to conduct pharmacognostical and phytochemical study of leaves of J. elongatum. Materials and Methods: Evaluation of leaf samples was performed by determining morphological, microscopical characters, physicochemical, and phytochemical analysis recommended by the World Health Organization. Results: Morphologically, the leaves are opposite with ovate to lanceolate in shape and acute apex. Microscopically, the epidermal region shows the presence of glandular and covering trichomes along with anomocytic stomata. The midrib region consists of horseshoe-shaped vascular bundles with spiral-shaped xylem vessels. Powder microscopy revealed the presence of spiral-shaped xylem vessels, spindle-shaped fibers, and stone cells. Physicochemical analysis and phytochemical analysis resulted a valuable data to establish standards for the plant. Conclusion: The establishment of pharmacognostical parameters of leaf material will be useful in identification and standardization of J. elongatum in obtaining quality formulations.","PeriodicalId":14055,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Green Pharmacy","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88674946","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-04-09DOI: 10.22377/IJGP.V15I1.3018
C. Tyagi
Objective: The objective of research paper was to evaluate the antidiabetic activity of methanolic extract of Lagerstroemia parviflora Roxb. (MELPR) in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. Materials and Methods: The MELPR of different concentrations (200 and 300 mg/kg b.w.) was administered orally and evaluated for the estimation of biochemical parameters (serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase [SGPT], alkaline phosphatase [ALP]), skin and behavioral activity, oral glucose tolerance test and very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL), VLDL cholesterol and LDL cholesterol (VLDL-C and LDL-C), and antidiabetic potential. Results and Discussion: The antidiabetic activities data indicate substantially altered physiological and biochemical aspects. In Lagerstroemia parviflora Roxb. (MELPR), the dose of 100 and 200 mg/kg shown the cholesterol level 138.0 mg/dl and 125.0 mg/dl as compared to standard drug glibenclamide which shown the cholesterol level 110.0 mg/dl at a dose of 500 mg/kg. Study result indicates that significant decrease in total cholesterol, triglyceride, and LDL cholesterol levels was observed after treating the STZ-induced diabetic rats with 200 and 300 mg/kg body weight leading to a significant increase in the cholesterol levels.Conclusion: In acute toxicity study, no toxic symptoms were observed for MELPR, up to dose 3000 mg/kg. The MELPR possesses hypoglycemic activity, which varies with concentration. In neutral and basic media, the hypoglycemic activity was considerably more than that in acidic media. This study demonstrates the antidiabetic potential of Lagerstroemia microcarpa Wight and offers scientific validation and basis to develop antidiabetic drug.
{"title":"Antidiabetic evaluation of methanolic extract of Lagerstroemia parviflora Roxb. in streptozotocin-induced diabetic Wistar albino rat model","authors":"C. Tyagi","doi":"10.22377/IJGP.V15I1.3018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22377/IJGP.V15I1.3018","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: The objective of research paper was to evaluate the antidiabetic activity of methanolic extract of Lagerstroemia parviflora Roxb. (MELPR) in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. Materials and Methods: The MELPR of different concentrations (200 and 300 mg/kg b.w.) was administered orally and evaluated for the estimation of biochemical parameters (serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase [SGPT], alkaline phosphatase [ALP]), skin and behavioral activity, oral glucose tolerance test and very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL), VLDL cholesterol and LDL cholesterol (VLDL-C and LDL-C), and antidiabetic potential. Results and Discussion: The antidiabetic activities data indicate substantially altered physiological and biochemical aspects. In Lagerstroemia parviflora Roxb. (MELPR), the dose of 100 and 200 mg/kg shown the cholesterol level 138.0 mg/dl and 125.0 mg/dl as compared to standard drug glibenclamide which shown the cholesterol level 110.0 mg/dl at a dose of 500 mg/kg. Study result indicates that significant decrease in total cholesterol, triglyceride, and LDL cholesterol levels was observed after treating the STZ-induced diabetic rats with 200 and 300 mg/kg body weight leading to a significant increase in the cholesterol levels.Conclusion: In acute toxicity study, no toxic symptoms were observed for MELPR, up to dose 3000 mg/kg. The MELPR possesses hypoglycemic activity, which varies with concentration. In neutral and basic media, the hypoglycemic activity was considerably more than that in acidic media. This study demonstrates the antidiabetic potential of Lagerstroemia microcarpa Wight and offers scientific validation and basis to develop antidiabetic drug.","PeriodicalId":14055,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Green Pharmacy","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87304241","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-04-09DOI: 10.22377/IJGP.V15I1.3012
Sudhakar Pachiappan
Introduction: To determine the safety index of Siddha herbo-mineral formulation Kalsiwin tablet on chronic oral administration, the sub-chronic oral toxicity studies were carried out by measuring its no-observed-adverse-effect level (NOAEL) and maximum tolerated dose (MTD) in rats. Materials and Methods: The sub-chronic oral toxicity of Kalsiwin was evaluated as per Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development 408 Guidelines in either sex of Wistar rats. Kalsiwin was administered at two dose level one is 45 mg/kg/day as rat dose equivalent to 500 mg adult clinical dose, the other one is 90 mg/kg/day is double the dose level of normal clinical dose to determine MTD. In a sub-chronic study, Kalsiwin was administered 90 days. Mortality, observational, behavioral changes, feed and water consumption, hematological, biochemical parameters, organ weight, histopathology of the liver, kidney, and intestine were observed during the study period. Results: In the sub-chronic administration of Kalsiwin at the therapeutic dose level did not show any severe toxicity symptoms. Higher dose level (90 mg/kg) showed significant changes in the liver biochemical markers and histological changes in the liver, kidney, and intestine. Furthermore, X-ray studies showed renal calculi formation in two out of three male rats treated with a higher dose level of Kalsiwin. Conclusion: The NOAEL of Kalsiwin was 500 mg/day of human therapeutic dose and MTD was less than 1000 mg/day. This study suggested that 500 mg/day adult dose of Kalsiwin is safer on chronic use.
{"title":"Evaluation of the sub-chronic oral toxicity of siddha herbo-mineral formulation Kalsiwin tablet","authors":"Sudhakar Pachiappan","doi":"10.22377/IJGP.V15I1.3012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22377/IJGP.V15I1.3012","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: To determine the safety index of Siddha herbo-mineral formulation Kalsiwin tablet on chronic oral administration, the sub-chronic oral toxicity studies were carried out by measuring its no-observed-adverse-effect level (NOAEL) and maximum tolerated dose (MTD) in rats. Materials and Methods: The sub-chronic oral toxicity of Kalsiwin was evaluated as per Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development 408 Guidelines in either sex of Wistar rats. Kalsiwin was administered at two dose level one is 45 mg/kg/day as rat dose equivalent to 500 mg adult clinical dose, the other one is 90 mg/kg/day is double the dose level of normal clinical dose to determine MTD. In a sub-chronic study, Kalsiwin was administered 90 days. Mortality, observational, behavioral changes, feed and water consumption, hematological, biochemical parameters, organ weight, histopathology of the liver, kidney, and intestine were observed during the study period. Results: In the sub-chronic administration of Kalsiwin at the therapeutic dose level did not show any severe toxicity symptoms. Higher dose level (90 mg/kg) showed significant changes in the liver biochemical markers and histological changes in the liver, kidney, and intestine. Furthermore, X-ray studies showed renal calculi formation in two out of three male rats treated with a higher dose level of Kalsiwin. Conclusion: The NOAEL of Kalsiwin was 500 mg/day of human therapeutic dose and MTD was less than 1000 mg/day. This study suggested that 500 mg/day adult dose of Kalsiwin is safer on chronic use.","PeriodicalId":14055,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Green Pharmacy","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74129552","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-04-09DOI: 10.22377/IJGP.V15I1.3010
M. Shah
Introduction: The genus of Avicennia consists of total eight species which survive at intertidal zones from tropical and temperate regions of world, the foremost species being Avicennia officinalis and Avicennia marina. The plants belonging to this genus have both therapeutic and economic (industrial) benefits. Among all the species, A. officinalis is an important Indian mangrove differentiated greatly by its antibacterial and anticancer activities. This article is an effort to compile all the essential information of A. officinalis in a comprehensive manner, including pharmacognostic features, traditional and ethnomedicinal uses, phytochemistry, and pharmacological activities of the plant. Materials and Methods: All the information regarding traditional aspects and modern studies of A. officinalis were gathered through a massive literature survey of traditional and Ayurvedic books along with scientific resources. Results and Discussion: Different parts of A. officinalis have traditional medicinal applications for the treatment of various diseases such as cancer, rheumatism, diarrhea, ulcer, Alzheimer and bacterial, fungal, and viral infections. Laboratory investigations so far have resulted in isolation and identification of more than fifty bioactive compounds from different parts of the plant majorly targeting antibacterial activity. The phytochemicals reported as characteristic constituents of this plant are flavanoids, steroids, terpenoids with polyisoprenoids, and tannins. Further, records appertaining pharmacological evaluation have revealed significant activities such as antioxidant, anticarcinogenic, antidiabetic, antiviral, and many more. Conclusion: The article summarizes the diversity and distribution of A. officinalis, in addition to in-depth coverage of traditional medicinal usage and phyto-pharmacological investigations done on this medicinal plant so far, highlighting the need for further studies on the phytoconstituents responsible for the validated traditional and folklore claims of its enormous medicinal usage.
{"title":"A review on a lesser known Indian mangrove: Avicennia officinalis L. (Family: Acanthaceae)","authors":"M. Shah","doi":"10.22377/IJGP.V15I1.3010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22377/IJGP.V15I1.3010","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: The genus of Avicennia consists of total eight species which survive at intertidal zones from tropical and temperate regions of world, the foremost species being Avicennia officinalis and Avicennia marina. The plants belonging to this genus have both therapeutic and economic (industrial) benefits. Among all the species, A. officinalis is an important Indian mangrove differentiated greatly by its antibacterial and anticancer activities. This article is an effort to compile all the essential information of A. officinalis in a comprehensive manner, including pharmacognostic features, traditional and ethnomedicinal uses, phytochemistry, and pharmacological activities of the plant. Materials and Methods: All the information regarding traditional aspects and modern studies of A. officinalis were gathered through a massive literature survey of traditional and Ayurvedic books along with scientific resources. Results and Discussion: Different parts of A. officinalis have traditional medicinal applications for the treatment of various diseases such as cancer, rheumatism, diarrhea, ulcer, Alzheimer and bacterial, fungal, and viral infections. Laboratory investigations so far have resulted in isolation and identification of more than fifty bioactive compounds from different parts of the plant majorly targeting antibacterial activity. The phytochemicals reported as characteristic constituents of this plant are flavanoids, steroids, terpenoids with polyisoprenoids, and tannins. Further, records appertaining pharmacological evaluation have revealed significant activities such as antioxidant, anticarcinogenic, antidiabetic, antiviral, and many more. Conclusion: The article summarizes the diversity and distribution of A. officinalis, in addition to in-depth coverage of traditional medicinal usage and phyto-pharmacological investigations done on this medicinal plant so far, highlighting the need for further studies on the phytoconstituents responsible for the validated traditional and folklore claims of its enormous medicinal usage.","PeriodicalId":14055,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Green Pharmacy","volume":"49 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85367131","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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