International Journal of Food Sciences and Nutrition最新文献

The objective of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to evaluate the impact of dietary fibre (DF) supplementation on metabolic endotoxemia (ME). A comprehensive search of multiple databases was conducted to identify relevant clinical trials. Selected trials were systematically reviewed, and a meta-analysis was performed using a random-effects model. The comprehensive database search retrieved 732 records; of these, 15 randomised controlled trials involving a total of 773 participants fulfilled the eligibility criteria and were subsequently included in the systematic review and meta-analysis. Supplementation with DF significantly decreased serum lipopolysaccharide levels (p < 0.00001, I² = 97%). TNF-α levels also decreased significantly (p < 0.02, I² = 90%), while IL-10 levels increased (p < 0.02, I² = 85%). DF supplementation did not significantly affect lipopolysaccharide-binding protein, C-reactive protein, IL-6, HDL, or LDL levels. The pooled evidence provides evidence to support the use of DF supplementation in ameliorating ME and inflammatory cytokines which could prevent chronic inflammation-related diseases.

Adequate fruit and vegetable (FAV) consumption can reduces non-communicable diseases, yet about 78.0% of the global population consumes less than the recommended 400g/day. In resource-poor settings, the daily intake is largely affected by seasonality. The study assessed seasonal variations in FAV intake, the prevalence of inadequate consumption, and associated factors among adults in Arba Minch Health and Demographic Surveillance Site (AM-HDSS), southern Ethiopia, in 2020/21. A total of 472 randomly selected adults were recruited using WHO STEPS questions during pre-and-post-harvest seasons. Intake less than 400g/day was considered inadequate. Paired t-tests assessed seasons differences, and multivariable analysis determined predictors. The mean FAV intake was higher in post-harvest season (mean difference 174 g). Inadequate intake was 28.8%; 95%CI (24.6%, 33.3%) in post-harvest and 37.1%; 95%CI (32.5%, 41.8%) in pre-harvest. Higher odds of inadequate intake was found among adults with no formal schooling [AOR = 2.73; 95%CI: (1.64, 4.56)], those not cultivating FAV [AOR = 1.89; 95%CI: (1.10, 3.26)], and those with inadequate household dietary diversity [AOR = 3.06; 95%CI (1.81, 5.19)], while lower odds were observed when food decisions were made by someone else [AOR = 0.24; 95%CI: (0.08, 0.68)]. There is significant variation in FAV consumption among adult residents of AM-HDSS. Enhancing FAV availability may improve intake.

This randomized controlled crossover trial compared the short-term effects of creatine (CR) and beetroot juice (BJ) on resistance training performance and physiological responses across ∼72 h supplementation period. Eleven novice resistance-trained men completed bench press (BP) and back squat (BS) sets at 60-80% 1RM under CR, BJ, and placebo (PLA) conditions. Performance outcomes, intramuscular-oxygen-saturation (SmO₂), peak heart rate (HR), and heart rate variability (HRV) were assessed. Individual modulation prevalence was also determined. CR significantly improved repetition performance at 80% 1RM in BP (d = 1.33) compared to PLA. Both CR and BJ produced moderate-to-very large effects on velocity with superior effect using BJ (d = 1.40-2.82 vs. PLA). Higher SmO₂ (d = 1.74-2.9), lower peak HR (d = 0.83-2.74), and more favourable autonomic recovery (e.g. RMSSD: d = 0.91-2.99) were observed with BJ compared to both PLA and CR. Modulation analysis indicated greater proportions of meaningful individual adaptations, following BJ compared to CR. Overall, CR appeared to preferentially enhance mechanical performance, whereas BJ seemed to provide broader cardiometabolic and autonomic benefits.

This prospective study aimed to (1) evaluate the prospective association between 3 healthy eating patterns, including global diet quality score (GDQS), dietary antioxidant quality score (DAQS), and alternative healthy eating index (AHEI), and the risk of metabolic syndrome (MetS), and (2) assess the effect of weight change on the observed associations. This study included 1915 adults (65% female) aged ≥ 19 years who participated in the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study (TLGS). Dietary intake was assessed via a valid semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire. MetS was defined using the Joint Interim Statement. During a median follow-up period of 8.91 years, 591 new cases of MetS were confirmed. Neither GDQS, DAQS, nor AHEI was associated with MetS risk after adjusting for demographic, lifestyle, and socioeconomic factors. When stratified by weight change, a reduction in MetS risk was noted among participants who experienced weight loss in the third tertiles of DAQS and GDQS. High-quality diets, evaluated using GDQS and DAQS, may be linked to a lower risk of MetS when accompanied by weight loss.

While healthy lifestyle behaviours are linked to better mental health, our understanding of how adherence to national recommendations affects outcomes is limited. This study investigates the relationship between adherence to Australian diet, physical activity, alcohol, and smoking guidelines and mental health outcomes in 182 adults experiencing psychological distress. By pooling data from both arms of a non-inferiority trial comparing lifestyle-based therapy to psychotherapy, we examined how adherence to national lifestyle guidelines and dietary components was associated with depression and anxiety outcomes. Greater diet quality (RR = 0.93), physical activity (RR = 0.51) and limited alcohol consumption (RR = 0.59) were linked to reduced risk of depression and anxiety, while ultra-processed foods were associated with higher risk (RR = 1.03). These findings highlight the importance of integrating lifestyle modification into mental health prevention and treatment and suggest that prescribing dietary behaviours based on national guidelines may offer practical mental health benefits.

Poor diet quality can negatively affect postsecondary students' physical health, mental well-being, and academic performance. This cross-sectional study examined personal, social, structural, and environmental correlates of diet quality among 1,118 postsecondary students aged 17-25 years enrolled in a postsecondary institution across Ontario, Canada. Participants completed an online survey and the Automated Self-Administered 24-Hour Dietary Assessment Tool (ASA24). Diet quality was assessed using the Healthy Eating Index (HEI)-2015 total score. Multiple regression showed that higher diet quality was associated with a more positive attitude towards healthy eating (p < 0.001), greater nutrition knowledge (p < 0.001), more frequent dinner preparation (p < 0.001), and living in the family home (p < 0.05). Lower diet quality was linked to not following a special diet (e.g. vegetarian; p < 0.01) and experiencing frequent food insecurity (p < 0.01). These findings suggest that initiatives to improve student diet quality should promote positive attitudes towards healthy eating, enhance nutrition knowledge, and address food insecurity.

Obesity and its associated metabolic disorders, including type 2 diabetes mellitus, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, and cardiovascular complications, represent a major global health burden. A key pathogenic mechanism linking these conditions is the overactivation of the NLRP3 inflammasome, which triggers caspase-1 activation and promotes proinflammatory cytokine release (e.g., IL-1β and IL-18), driving adipose tissue dysfunction, insulin resistance, and systemic inflammation. Emerging evidence highlights dietary polyphenols as natural modulators of NLRP3 activity attenuating inflammasome activation by regulating NF-κB signalling, reducing oxidative stress and restoring autophagy. Complementary in silico approaches (e.g., molecular docking, molecular dynamics simulations, network pharmacology) provide mechanistic insights into polyphenol-inflammasome interactions. This review summarises current evidence on the NLRP3's role in obesity-related disorders and discusses the therapeutic potential of dietary polyphenols, underscoring directions for translational and multidisciplinary research.

Nutrient profile systems (NPSs) are algorithm-based frameworks that classify or score the nutritional value of foods to support consumer guidance and to operationalise nutrition policy. This state-of-the-art review summarises widely used NPS (e.g. Nutri-Score, Health Star Rating, traffic light and warning labels, Food Compass, Nordic Keyhole and NutrInform Battery), highlighting core design features, front-of-pack formats and applications including claims and marketing regulation, procurement and fiscal measures, and reformulation. We synthesise validation evidence from cohort studies and recent meta-analyses linking diets characterised by more favourable NPS scores with lower risks of cardiometabolic disease, cancer and all-cause mortality, while noting ongoing challenges in interpretability, cross-system comparability and governance. Recent developments, including algorithm updates and emerging approaches to incorporate processing (ultra-processing) and environmental sustainability metrics, are discussed. Priorities for next-generation NPS include transparent governance, broader criterion validation across diverse populations, empirically calibrated processing dimensions, and practical, clear communication of nutrition-sustainability trade-offs in real-world settings.

Palm, soy and coconut oil production is associated with significant environmental harms. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence, distribution and characteristics of Australian packaged food products containing these oils. In a sample of 26,831 products, approximately one in 10 products contained one or more of the oils, with the highest prevalence observed in bread and bakery products (25% of products), followed by snack foods (16%). Products that were ultra-processed, nutritionally poor and made using imported ingredients had significantly greater prevalence of the oils (all p < 0.001). Few products with the oils were certified as sustainable (<5%). While not ubiquitous across the food supply, these oils were concentrated in specific food categories and ultra-processed, lower nutritional quality products. Most lacked sustainability certification, suggesting the underutilisation of sustainable practices. Reducing unsustainable production of the oils and limiting diets high in products containing the oils could support both planetary and human health.

The occurrence and development of obesity are closely related to intestinal dysbiosis, metabolic disorders, and neuroendocrine signals. Tea polyphenols can be the key to synergistically regulating energy balance by reshaping the gut microbiota. This review innovatively proposes and systematically demonstrates that tea polyphenols mediate the cross-dialogue and synergy between the gut-brain axis and the gut-liver axis by modulating gut microbiota metabolites (such as short-chain fatty acids and secondary bile acids), thereby constructing a multi-dimensional interaction fat reduction network. It focuses on the synergistic mechanism of such metabolites that can inhibit central appetite ("throttling") while activating liver AMPK and other pathways to promote fatty acid oxidation ("open source"), revealing the deep principle of multi-target and systematic action of tea polyphenols, and providing a new theoretical basis and practical path for precision nutrition intervention based on the "gut-brain-liver" integration axis.