International Journal of Food Sciences and Nutrition最新文献

Adequate fruit and vegetable (FAV) consumption can reduces non-communicable diseases, yet about 78.0% of the global population consumes less than the recommended 400g/day. In resource-poor settings, the daily intake is largely affected by seasonality. The study assessed seasonal variations in FAV intake, the prevalence of inadequate consumption, and associated factors among adults in Arba Minch Health and Demographic Surveillance Site (AM-HDSS), southern Ethiopia, in 2020/21. A total of 472 randomly selected adults were recruited using WHO STEPS questions during pre-and-post-harvest seasons. Intake less than 400g/day was considered inadequate. Paired t-tests assessed seasons differences, and multivariable analysis determined predictors. The mean FAV intake was higher in post-harvest season (mean difference 174 g). Inadequate intake was 28.8%; 95%CI (24.6%, 33.3%) in post-harvest and 37.1%; 95%CI (32.5%, 41.8%) in pre-harvest. Higher odds of inadequate intake was found among adults with no formal schooling [AOR = 2.73; 95%CI: (1.64, 4.56)], those not cultivating FAV [AOR = 1.89; 95%CI: (1.10, 3.26)], and those with inadequate household dietary diversity [AOR = 3.06; 95%CI (1.81, 5.19)], while lower odds were observed when food decisions were made by someone else [AOR = 0.24; 95%CI: (0.08, 0.68)]. There is significant variation in FAV consumption among adult residents of AM-HDSS. Enhancing FAV availability may improve intake.

This prospective study aimed to (1) evaluate the prospective association between 3 healthy eating patterns, including global diet quality score (GDQS), dietary antioxidant quality score (DAQS), and alternative healthy eating index (AHEI), and the risk of metabolic syndrome (MetS), and (2) assess the effect of weight change on the observed associations. This study included 1915 adults (65% female) aged ≥ 19 years who participated in the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study (TLGS). Dietary intake was assessed via a valid semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire. MetS was defined using the Joint Interim Statement. During a median follow-up period of 8.91 years, 591 new cases of MetS were confirmed. Neither GDQS, DAQS, nor AHEI was associated with MetS risk after adjusting for demographic, lifestyle, and socioeconomic factors. When stratified by weight change, a reduction in MetS risk was noted among participants who experienced weight loss in the third tertiles of DAQS and GDQS. High-quality diets, evaluated using GDQS and DAQS, may be linked to a lower risk of MetS when accompanied by weight loss.

Obesity and its associated metabolic disorders, including type 2 diabetes mellitus, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, and cardiovascular complications, represent a major global health burden. A key pathogenic mechanism linking these conditions is the overactivation of the NLRP3 inflammasome, which triggers caspase-1 activation and promotes proinflammatory cytokine release (e.g., IL-1β and IL-18), driving adipose tissue dysfunction, insulin resistance, and systemic inflammation. Emerging evidence highlights dietary polyphenols as natural modulators of NLRP3 activity attenuating inflammasome activation by regulating NF-κB signalling, reducing oxidative stress and restoring autophagy. Complementary in silico approaches (e.g., molecular docking, molecular dynamics simulations, network pharmacology) provide mechanistic insights into polyphenol-inflammasome interactions. This review summarises current evidence on the NLRP3's role in obesity-related disorders and discusses the therapeutic potential of dietary polyphenols, underscoring directions for translational and multidisciplinary research.

We investigated macronutrient, caffeine and water intake by mental morbidity level, focusing on pure and comorbid anxiety, insomnia, and eating disorders (ED). This descriptive, cross-sectional study used 2013-2017 data from the NutriNet-Santé cohort. Diet was assessed with ≥3 24-hour records; mean daily intake of total energy and % contribution of carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids to total energy; total, simple, complex carbohydrates; total, animal, vegetable protein; total lipids, SFA, MUFA, PUFA; cholesterol; caffeine and water was analyzed. Data were weighted using the 2016 French Census, and ANOVA was performed (N = 23,965). Overall, men presenting all 3 mental disorders had the highest % carbohydrates and the lowest % proteins and lipids. The multimorbidity group had the highest obesity rates and caffeine intake across sex; water intake had no dose-response association with mental morbidity. The findings could help generate hypotheses regarding dietary exposures that might play a role in mental multimorbidity risk.

This clinical trial evaluates the effect of a polyphenol-rich ingredient on body composition management in 77 overweight and obese, but otherwise healthy, men and women for 16 weeks and 4 weeks of follow-up. Subjects received a placebo or a polyphenol-rich ingredient (Sinetrol^® Xpur) at a dose of 900 mg/day. Participants followed a normocaloric diet and continued with their usual physical activity during the study. Total fat% significantly decreased by 1.98% (SD 3.5) in the polyphenol-supplemented group after 16 weeks compared to the placebo group. This decrease was accompanied by a trend (p = 0.06) towards an increase in lean mass compared to the placebo group and an increase in Resting energy expenditure (p = 0.02) within the polyphenol-supplemented group. All the safety parameters were within normal ranges and no adverse effect was noticed. Overall, this 16-week supplement intake might have contributed to body composition management and may help prevent the regain of fat during the 4-week follow-up.

Trial registration number: NCT04149158.

Current evidence supports moderate consumption of 100% fruit juices (FJ) due to their contribution to fruit consumption and nutrient intake. Over the last decade, major attention has been paid to the environmental impact of dietary choices and the place of food groups in a sustainable diet. The present paper provides a comprehensive overview of both production and consumption of 100% FJ, as well as modelling studies which propose optimised intakes within health and environment parameters. While the production of FJ has certain hotpoints which contribute to its environmental pressure, as do all foods and beverages, the actual FJ consumption generates a relatively small share of the food-related carbon and water footprint. Moreover, the available scientific literature on optimised dietary patterns tends to place 100% FJ within healthy and sustainable dietary patterns. Based on European consumption patterns, the average carbon footprint of FJ, nectars and vegetable juices was 2.6% of food-related greenhouse gas emissions. This was significantly lower than animal foods and grains and similar to the fruit/vegetable category (with lower amounts of FJ consumed). Considering their potential role in health as a source of vitamins, minerals and phytochemicals, as well as their acceptable environmental impact, moderate FJ consumption is consistent with global recommendations on fruit intake as part of a healthy and sustainable dietary pattern.

This study elucidated the genetic factors affecting salty taste preference and their association with lifestyle behaviours and obesity risk. By employing a genome-wide association study (GWAS) with participants from the American Nurses' Health Study (NHS1) and Health Professionals Follow-up Study (HPFS), we analysed 29,377 individuals to uncover genetic factors influencing salty taste preferences. Using PLINK and METAL for genetic analysis and Cox proportional hazards modelling for risk assessment, we identified nine single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) significantly associated with salty taste preference, particularly rs74562526 (GT). Polygenic risk scores (PRSs) for salty taste preference were positively correlated with smoking tendency, total caloric intake, and increased alcohol, coffee, ice cream, and cake consumption, aligning with a stronger affinity for salty tastes. Hazard ratios (HRs) demonstrated a significant positive relationship between rs74562526 and obesity risk, highlighting the impact of genetic factors on salty taste preference and its potential role in lifestyle choices and obesity.

This study quantified fish and seafood consumption by UK women of childbearing age (presented by individuals aged 20-39) relative to government dietary guidelines and identified interventions that could improve health outcomes. Data were collected from the National Diet and Nutrition Survey, including 4-day food diaries and nutrient databank records. Retail price data were collected from UK supermarkets to assess affordability. Intake of fish and seafood is far below NHS recommendations, limiting potential health benefits. Women aged 20-39 years consumed an average of 33 g of oily fish per week in the period 2008-2021. This is only 24% of the NHS recommended intake of 140 g. Despite greater need for nutrient dense foods, younger women and those from lower-income households reported significantly lower seafood intake. Efforts to increase consumption of oily fish species such as mackerel and sardines are likely to be viable and effective for improving women's public health.

Products carrying protein-related claims have substantially grown in popularity in Italy, also due to the perception that protein-foods support weight management and improve physical performance. This study surveyed the Italian market of pre-packaged foods bearing protein claims. Product selection was conducted across major retailers, and the nutritional profile of the items was analysed considering the information reported in the food labelling. Snack bars (n = 100), yogurt (n = 68), and mousse (n = 43) were the main representatives among the 418 identified products. Heterogeneity of nutritional profiles was observed for all the items, particularly regarding the percentage of total energy provided by protein, ranging from median ∼16% in crackers to ∼70% in processed meat, with a co-occurrence of different other nutrition claims. Findings underline the wide availability, in the Italian market, of products with protein-related claims, yet not informative of their actual protein content. Continuous monitoring of this trend is warranted to assess its nutritional implications and to evaluate the overall impact of these products when incorporated into habitual dietary patterns.

This study examined how non-interpretive and interpretive front-of-pack labels affect consumption of foods which are high in fat, sugar or sodium (HFSS) in Thai population. This study used secondary data from the 2021 Health Behaviour of Population Survey. Information about frequency of HFSS consumption (instant foods, snack and sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB)), reasons for food purchase, seeing the Guideline Daily Amounts (GDA) and the Healthier Choice Logo (HCL), and socio-demographic characteristics were used for data analysis. People who reported having ever seen the HCL, both the GDA and the HCL, and the GDA, the HCL or both had the highest possibility of consuming instant foods, snack and SSB, respectively, as compared with seeing neither. The study suggests a need for improvement in the current food labels by making them easier to read and understand for consumers. They should be implemented in conjunction with other proven approaches for reducing the effect of food cravings and affordability of HFSS.