International Journal of Food Sciences and Nutrition最新文献

We investigated macronutrient, caffeine and water intake by mental morbidity level, focusing on pure and comorbid anxiety, insomnia, and eating disorders (ED). This descriptive, cross-sectional study used 2013-2017 data from the NutriNet-Santé cohort. Diet was assessed with ≥3 24-hour records; mean daily intake of total energy and % contribution of carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids to total energy; total, simple, complex carbohydrates; total, animal, vegetable protein; total lipids, SFA, MUFA, PUFA; cholesterol; caffeine and water was analyzed. Data were weighted using the 2016 French Census, and ANOVA was performed (N = 23,965). Overall, men presenting all 3 mental disorders had the highest % carbohydrates and the lowest % proteins and lipids. The multimorbidity group had the highest obesity rates and caffeine intake across sex; water intake had no dose-response association with mental morbidity. The findings could help generate hypotheses regarding dietary exposures that might play a role in mental multimorbidity risk.

This clinical trial evaluates the effect of a polyphenol-rich ingredient on body composition management in 77 overweight and obese, but otherwise healthy, men and women for 16 weeks and 4 weeks of follow-up. Subjects received a placebo or a polyphenol-rich ingredient (Sinetrol^® Xpur) at a dose of 900 mg/day. Participants followed a normocaloric diet and continued with their usual physical activity during the study. Total fat% significantly decreased by 1.98% (SD 3.5) in the polyphenol-supplemented group after 16 weeks compared to the placebo group. This decrease was accompanied by a trend (p = 0.06) towards an increase in lean mass compared to the placebo group and an increase in Resting energy expenditure (p = 0.02) within the polyphenol-supplemented group. All the safety parameters were within normal ranges and no adverse effect was noticed. Overall, this 16-week supplement intake might have contributed to body composition management and may help prevent the regain of fat during the 4-week follow-up.

Trial registration number: NCT04149158.

Current evidence supports moderate consumption of 100% fruit juices (FJ) due to their contribution to fruit consumption and nutrient intake. Over the last decade, major attention has been paid to the environmental impact of dietary choices and the place of food groups in a sustainable diet. The present paper provides a comprehensive overview of both production and consumption of 100% FJ, as well as modelling studies which propose optimised intakes within health and environment parameters. While the production of FJ has certain hotpoints which contribute to its environmental pressure, as do all foods and beverages, the actual FJ consumption generates a relatively small share of the food-related carbon and water footprint. Moreover, the available scientific literature on optimised dietary patterns tends to place 100% FJ within healthy and sustainable dietary patterns. Based on European consumption patterns, the average carbon footprint of FJ, nectars and vegetable juices was 2.6% of food-related greenhouse gas emissions. This was significantly lower than animal foods and grains and similar to the fruit/vegetable category (with lower amounts of FJ consumed). Considering their potential role in health as a source of vitamins, minerals and phytochemicals, as well as their acceptable environmental impact, moderate FJ consumption is consistent with global recommendations on fruit intake as part of a healthy and sustainable dietary pattern.

This study elucidated the genetic factors affecting salty taste preference and their association with lifestyle behaviours and obesity risk. By employing a genome-wide association study (GWAS) with participants from the American Nurses' Health Study (NHS1) and Health Professionals Follow-up Study (HPFS), we analysed 29,377 individuals to uncover genetic factors influencing salty taste preferences. Using PLINK and METAL for genetic analysis and Cox proportional hazards modelling for risk assessment, we identified nine single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) significantly associated with salty taste preference, particularly rs74562526 (GT). Polygenic risk scores (PRSs) for salty taste preference were positively correlated with smoking tendency, total caloric intake, and increased alcohol, coffee, ice cream, and cake consumption, aligning with a stronger affinity for salty tastes. Hazard ratios (HRs) demonstrated a significant positive relationship between rs74562526 and obesity risk, highlighting the impact of genetic factors on salty taste preference and its potential role in lifestyle choices and obesity.

This study quantified fish and seafood consumption by UK women of childbearing age (presented by individuals aged 20-39) relative to government dietary guidelines and identified interventions that could improve health outcomes. Data were collected from the National Diet and Nutrition Survey, including 4-day food diaries and nutrient databank records. Retail price data were collected from UK supermarkets to assess affordability. Intake of fish and seafood is far below NHS recommendations, limiting potential health benefits. Women aged 20-39 years consumed an average of 33 g of oily fish per week in the period 2008-2021. This is only 24% of the NHS recommended intake of 140 g. Despite greater need for nutrient dense foods, younger women and those from lower-income households reported significantly lower seafood intake. Efforts to increase consumption of oily fish species such as mackerel and sardines are likely to be viable and effective for improving women's public health.

Products carrying protein-related claims have substantially grown in popularity in Italy, also due to the perception that protein-foods support weight management and improve physical performance. This study surveyed the Italian market of pre-packaged foods bearing protein claims. Product selection was conducted across major retailers, and the nutritional profile of the items was analysed considering the information reported in the food labelling. Snack bars (n = 100), yogurt (n = 68), and mousse (n = 43) were the main representatives among the 418 identified products. Heterogeneity of nutritional profiles was observed for all the items, particularly regarding the percentage of total energy provided by protein, ranging from median ∼16% in crackers to ∼70% in processed meat, with a co-occurrence of different other nutrition claims. Findings underline the wide availability, in the Italian market, of products with protein-related claims, yet not informative of their actual protein content. Continuous monitoring of this trend is warranted to assess its nutritional implications and to evaluate the overall impact of these products when incorporated into habitual dietary patterns.

This study examined how non-interpretive and interpretive front-of-pack labels affect consumption of foods which are high in fat, sugar or sodium (HFSS) in Thai population. This study used secondary data from the 2021 Health Behaviour of Population Survey. Information about frequency of HFSS consumption (instant foods, snack and sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB)), reasons for food purchase, seeing the Guideline Daily Amounts (GDA) and the Healthier Choice Logo (HCL), and socio-demographic characteristics were used for data analysis. People who reported having ever seen the HCL, both the GDA and the HCL, and the GDA, the HCL or both had the highest possibility of consuming instant foods, snack and SSB, respectively, as compared with seeing neither. The study suggests a need for improvement in the current food labels by making them easier to read and understand for consumers. They should be implemented in conjunction with other proven approaches for reducing the effect of food cravings and affordability of HFSS.

Food reformulation is widely recognised as a cost-effective policy to reduce sodium intake and improve public health outcomes. The objectives of the study were to: i) assess the sodium content of food products available in the Uruguayan market, ii) evaluate progress in achieving regional sodium reduction benchmarks; and iii) compare maximum targets and gradual percentage reductions considering potential effectiveness and sensory perception thresholds. Information about sodium content was extracted from the food labels of 4,719 products available at nine supermarkets. The median sodium content of the products was 389.3 mg/100g. When comparing median sodium content to the targets set by the Pan American Health Organisation for 2021, 32 of the 62 subcategories exceeded the established benchmarks, while 30 subcategories fell below them. Adopting regional targets would necessitate sodium reductions exceeding the 15% difference threshold for salty taste for a large proportion of products, potentially leading to noticeable changes in taste. At the aggregate level, percentage reductions were significantly more effective in reducing sodium content compared to maximum target strategies based on the 50th or 70th percentile. Results from the present work underscore the need to adapt regional targets for the development of a sodium reduction program in Uruguay.

Recent evidence suggests that dietary polyphenols may be linked to positive effects on brain health. This study aimed to examine the association between the quercetin intake and depressive symptoms. A total of 7766 participants without baseline depressive symptoms were included. Dietary quercetin intake was assessed using a validated food frequency questionnaire, and depressive symptoms were assessed by the Self-Rating Depression Scale score. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards models were used to determine the association. After multivariate adjustment, as quartiles of quercetin intake increased, HRs (95% CIs) for depressive symptoms were 1.00 (reference value), 0.72 (0.56, 0.93), 0.69 (0.53, 0.90), and 0.63 (0.46, 0.85) in females (p for trend=0.0026) and 1.00 (reference), 0.94 (0.75, 1.17), 0.84 (0.66, 1.06), and 0.92 (0.71, 1.20) in males (p for trend=0.35), respectively. Our study revealed that dietary quercetin intake may reduce the risk of depressive symptoms in female, but not in males.

This study aims to evaluate the graphical representation of sustainability dimensions in food-based dietary guidelines (FBDGs) or, when unavailable, in other institutional sources. Sustainability indicators were identified and grouped in four dimensions: nutrition/health (n = 11), socio-cultural (n = 13), environment (n = 9), and economic (n = 3). A total of 112 iconographies were collected and analysed: 72 from FBDGs and 40 from other institutional sources. The nutrition/health and economic dimensions were respectively the highest (100%) and the least (10%) represented. The most common nutrition/health indicator was diet diversity (96%), while traditional products (80%) were the most depicted within the socio-cultural dimension. No statistically significant correlation was observed between the representation of sustainability and either the income level of the country or the year of publication. Alternative designs are the most used (36%) and some of them reveal more indicators and dimensions than classic designs (i.e. pyramid, circle, plate, poster).