International Journal of Food Sciences and Nutrition最新文献

This is a cross-sectional study exploring the association between Mediterranean Diet (MD) adherence and food waste behaviours. A total of 2,697 Italian university students participated (28% high MD adherence). Participants with higher adherence to the MD exhibit food waste-conscious behaviours, measured using the validated Household Food Waste Behaviour (HFWB) questionnaire. Specifically, higher consumption of fruits, vegetables, and legumes was significantly associated with lower food waste scores. Greater adherence to the MD significantly reduced the odds of engaging in high-waste behaviours (OR = 0.50, 95%CI: 0.41-0.62, p < 0.001). Individuals with higher MD adherence demonstrated superior skills in managing leftovers and estimating food quantities. Parental influence on food waste behaviours was positively correlated with adherence to the MD. These findings highlight the potential of promoting the MD not only for its health benefits but also as a strategy for reducing household food waste, with implications for both public health and environmental sustainability.

We aimed to investigate the association of healthy diet scores (HDS), comprising major components (fruits and vegetables, soybean, fish, and sugar-sweetened beverages), with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). In this cross-sectional study of 2,404 T2DM individuals aged 35-70 years, individuals with higher HDS (≥3 components) had a lower odds of NAFLD (adjusted odds ratio [OR]: 0.64; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.48, 0.84) and lower fatty liver index (FLI) levels (β: -4.70; 95% CI: -7.61, -1.79). Each one-component increase in HDS was associated with a 14% reduction in the odds of NAFLD (OR: 0.86; 95% CI: 0.75, 0.98) and a 1.95-unit reduction in FLI levels (β: -1.95; 95% CI: -3.21, -0.70). These results suggest that adherence to a higher HDS pattern may be protective against NAFLD in T2DM.

The consumption of grape seed procyanidin extract (GSPE) may improve metabolic alterations and molecular clock desynchrony in white adipose tissue (WAT), depending on administration timing and metabolic status. To test this hypothesis, inguinal WAT explants from lean and obese PERIOD2::LUCIFERASE (PER2::LUC) circadian reporter mice were treated at the peak or trough of the PER2 luminescence rhythm with metabolites present in the serum of GSPE-administered rats (GSPM). PER2::LUC rhythms of explants from obese animals presented a lower amplitude, longer period and a phase delay. GSPM treatment increased luminescence amplitude and period compared to untreated explants, but only when it was given at the trough of PER2::LUC luminescence. GSPM upregulated lipogenesis and lipolysis genes in explants from lean mice, mostly when given at the luminescence peak. This study provides a valuable platform for testing the effects of natural products ex vivo and warrants further investigation into the chrono-utilisation of plant bioactive compounds.

Various types of non-digestible oligosaccharides (NDOs) have attracted tremendous interest due to their healthy functions in regulating intestinal microbiota. Whereas the specificity of different NDOs towards certain intestinal bacterial species remains unclear. In this study, konjac manna-oligosaccharides (KMOS) were selected from eight NDOs through in vitro faecal batch fermentation. KMOS accelerated increase of recognised probiotics (Bifidobacterium spp. and Akkermansia spp.) and achieved the highest productions of lactic acid and total short-chain fatty acids (42.0 mM). β-Mannosidase and β-glucosidase played important role in the utilisation of KMOS, and mannobiose and glucosyl-mannobiose were preferentially consumed by faecal microbiota. In pure culture, the utilisation of KMOS was tested with nine Bifidobacterium strains. Amongst, KMOS increased the cell density of B. animalis BB-12 by 3.5 folds and improved its adhesion ability to Caco-2 cell by 3.1 folds, suggesting that KMOS and B. animalis BB-12 may be developed as a potential synbiotic combination.

Background: In this systematic review and meta-analysis, the impact of green tea supplementation on measurement/indices of adiposity was investigated.

Methods: Using predefined keywords, online databases (PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science Core Collection, and Google Scholar) were searched for relevant studies, published from inception up to February 2024. Data were extracted and registered. Subgroup analyses and the investigation of linear and non-linear associations were carried out.

Results: Green tea supplementation reduced BW (WMD: -0.74 kg; 95% CI: -0.97, -0.51), BMI (WMD: -0.29 kg/m²; 95% CI: -0.38, -0.19), WC (WMD: -1.04 cm; 95% CI: -1.55, -0.53), BFP (WMD: -0.65%; 95% CI: -1.03, -0.27), and leptin (WMD: -0.92 ng/ml; 95% CI: -1.71, -0.14), but did not change adiponectin levels (WMD: 0.20 µg/ml; 95% CI: -0.17, 0.57).

Conclusion: Supplementation with green tea seems to be effective in reducing excess adiposity.

This meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the effect of nut consumption on vascular endothelial function through the conduction of a comprehensive review of randomised controlled trials. We explored the major electronic databases for published RCTs examining the repercussions of nuts consumption on vascular endothelial function indicators in adults (>18 years). We used random-effects models to compute pooled estimates of weighted mean differences and confidence intervals. The protocol of the present study was registered in the international database of systematic review protocols (CRD42023472892). Nineteen articles, comprising 21 arms, were deemed eligible. According to the pooled estimations, eating nuts significantly improved flow-mediated dilation (FMD) (weighted mean difference (WMD): 1.12%, 95% CI 0.28 to 1.97, p < 0.05), and reactive hyperaemia index (RHI) (WMD: -0.04, 95% CI -0.07 to -0.00, p = 0.04). However, findings revealed that consuming nuts had no significant impact on pulse wave velocity (PWV), the index of augmentation (AIx), or heart rate. The endothelial function was considerably enhanced by nut consumption through the improvement of FMD, while the certainty of such evidence was assessed as very low.

This study aims to estimate the global prevalence rate and disease burden of zinc deficiency from 1990 to 2020 in children under 5 years old. Using data from the WHO Global Database on Child Growth and Malnutrition and the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study, we analysed the prevalence, disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), and deaths attributable to zinc deficiency by sex across 204 countries and territories worldwide from 1990 to 2020. Globally, the prevalence rate of zinc deficiency decreased from 40 to 22% from 1990 to 2020. The age-standardised DALY rate of zinc deficiency decreased from 24.885 to 3.858 per 100,000 population from 1990 to 2019. Overall, the global prevalence of zinc deficiency and its associated disease burden in children under 5 years old declined from 1990 to 2020. Burundi and Central African Republic need effective interventions to alleviate the prevalence and disease burden of zinc deficiency.

Selenium-rich yeast (SeY) is a dietary supplement known to confer multiple health benefits, but its effects on HFD-fed ApoE^-/- mice were previously unclear. In this study, it was shown that the intervention of SeY could decrease the body weight (7.69%), as well as the levels of both TC and TG for livers (43.36 and 14.50%) and serum (25.34 and 28.67%). Conversely, the HDL-C levels were increased high to 190%, as well as the antioxidant capacity, reflected in the increased levels of the CAT, SOD, and GSH-Px in both the liver (16.93, 22.06, and 17.59%) and the serum (40.67, 113.76, and 19.83%). SeY could further regulate mRNA levels related to lipid synthesis and transport. Moreover, the anti-hyperlipidemic effects of SeY were manifested in enriching SCFAs-producing bacteria, and the cognitive impairment caused by HFD was also alleviated. Overall, all of the results indicated the effect of SeY in regulating abnormal lipid metabolism and developing functional dietary supplements.

Taurine is recognised for its neuroprotective effects, however, its potential role on cognition remains controversial. A meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials (RCTs) was conducted to evaluate the effects of taurine on cognition in both cognitively impaired and non-impaired populations. Electronic databases was searched up to January 2025 according to eligibility criteria. A total of 7 RCTs with 9 intervention trials involving 402 individuals were included. Taurine, administered alone or in combination with exercise training, did not exhibit significant effects in cognitive scores. Compared with therapeutic drugs alone, the combination of taurine and therapeutic drugs did not produce greater improvements in cognitive performance, however, subgroup analysis indicated that this combination resulted in significant enhancements in the Mini-Mental State Examination (WMD = 3.09, 95% CI: 2.29-3.90). Overall, the findings of the present meta-analysis do not provide sufficient evidence to support the efficacy of taurine supplementation in enhancing cognitive function.