María Gaibar, M. Arqués, A. Fernández-Santander, A. Novillo, Alicia Romero-Lorca, Qi Li, M. E. Esteban
María Gaibar, Meritxell Arqués, Ana Fernández-Santander, Apolonia Novillo, Alicia Romero-Lorca, Qi wei Li, M. Esther Esteban 1 Department of Basic Medical Sciences, European University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain. 2 Section of Anthropology, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain. *Corresponding Author: Maria Esther Esteban Torné, Section of Anthropology, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.; E-mail: mesteban@ub.edu
María Gaibar, Meritxell arqu， Ana Fernández-Santander, Apolonia Novillo, Alicia Romero-Lorca, Qi wei Li, M. Esther Esteban 1欧洲马德里大学基础医学部，西班牙马德里。2巴塞罗那大学生物学院，人类学系，西班牙巴塞罗那。*通讯作者:Maria Esther Esteban torn，西班牙巴塞罗那大学生物学院人类学研究室;电子邮件:mesteban@ub.edu
{"title":"North African genetic variation of cytochrome and sulfotransferase genes","authors":"María Gaibar, M. Arqués, A. Fernández-Santander, A. Novillo, Alicia Romero-Lorca, Qi Li, M. E. Esteban","doi":"10.4314/IJMA.V1I8.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/IJMA.V1I8.1","url":null,"abstract":"María Gaibar, Meritxell Arqués, Ana Fernández-Santander, Apolonia Novillo, Alicia Romero-Lorca, Qi wei Li, M. Esther Esteban 1 Department of Basic Medical Sciences, European University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain. 2 Section of Anthropology, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain. *Corresponding Author: Maria Esther Esteban Torné, Section of Anthropology, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.; E-mail: mesteban@ub.edu","PeriodicalId":14088,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Modern Anthropology","volume":"1 1","pages":"13-23"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4314/IJMA.V1I8.1","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70538215","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Arnaiz-Villena, E. Muñiz, C. Campos, E. Gomez-Casado, Sandra Tomasi, N. Martinez-Quiles, M. Martín-Villa, José Palacio-Gruber
First CanaryIslands(Spain) Inhabitants (“Guanches”) origin has been much debated. Lately, it has come popular the simplistic theory that they came from North Africa. In the present paper, we conclude that not only North Africans but also Iberian/Atlantic Europeans (and possibly others) must have been first Canarians. Debate whether North Africans or Iberians were the first “Guanches” is artificial since Iberian Peninsula-North African genes flow in ancient times was abundant and Iberians share a great part of genetic profile with North Africans. New genetic (HLA) and linguistic data shown in the present paper, is supported by diverse early anthropological and “Guanches” mummies characters which confirm existence of at least two “Guanches” types and a correct interpretation of R1b Y chromosome high frequency in Atlantic Europe (Ireland, British Isles, North Spain,Basque Coast and Portugal), and also, is present in Canary Islands (13.3%). Present paper HLA genes partial data and presence of abundant old Iberian language scripts (which show an easy translation proposal by using Basque) in Fuerteventura and also in Lanzarote and El Hierro Islands suggest that a present day dogma of a hypothetically North African single origin should be changed. Both Atlantic/Europeans and North Africans define origin of Canary Islands first inhabitants. Keywords: Basque, Canary Islands, El Hierro, Fuerteventura, genes, genetic markers, Guanche, HLA, Iberian, Language, Lanzarote, Latin Inscriptions, R1b, R1b1b, Rock scripts, Usko-Mediterranean, Y chromosome.
{"title":"Origin of Ancient Canary Islanders Guanches: presence of Atlantic/Iberian HLA and Y chromosome genes and Ancient Iberian language","authors":"A. Arnaiz-Villena, E. Muñiz, C. Campos, E. Gomez-Casado, Sandra Tomasi, N. Martinez-Quiles, M. Martín-Villa, José Palacio-Gruber","doi":"10.4314/IJMA.V1I8.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/IJMA.V1I8.4","url":null,"abstract":"First CanaryIslands(Spain) Inhabitants (“Guanches”) origin has been much debated. Lately, it has come popular the simplistic theory that they came from North Africa. In the present paper, we conclude that not only North Africans but also Iberian/Atlantic Europeans (and possibly others) must have been first Canarians. Debate whether North Africans or Iberians were the first “Guanches” is artificial since Iberian Peninsula-North African genes flow in ancient times was abundant and Iberians share a great part of genetic profile with North Africans. New genetic (HLA) and linguistic data shown in the present paper, is supported by diverse early anthropological and “Guanches” mummies characters which confirm existence of at least two “Guanches” types and a correct interpretation of R1b Y chromosome high frequency in Atlantic Europe (Ireland, British Isles, North Spain,Basque Coast and Portugal), and also, is present in Canary Islands (13.3%). Present paper HLA genes partial data and presence of abundant old Iberian language scripts (which show an easy translation proposal by using Basque) in Fuerteventura and also in Lanzarote and El Hierro Islands suggest that a present day dogma of a hypothetically North African single origin should be changed. Both Atlantic/Europeans and North Africans define origin of Canary Islands first inhabitants. Keywords: Basque, Canary Islands, El Hierro, Fuerteventura, genes, genetic markers, Guanche, HLA, Iberian, Language, Lanzarote, Latin Inscriptions, R1b, R1b1b, Rock scripts, Usko-Mediterranean, Y chromosome.","PeriodicalId":14088,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Modern Anthropology","volume":"1 1","pages":"67-93"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4314/IJMA.V1I8.4","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70538335","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background and aim : Ethiopia is a country of a remarkablei¦ mosaici¦ people each with its own distinct languages, and cultural norms without which progress and development are impossible and development that does not pay attention to culture and environment cannot produce fruits. Zeyse ethnic group is one of the minority ethnic groups whose language and its role to conserve biodiversity is not studied well. The aim of this study was to assess the status of Zeyse ethnic group language and its role in biodiversity conservation. Subjects : During the study, the status of the language and its role to conserve biodiversity were assessed by, taking a sample of 230 individuals from the population that includes age groups ranged from 10 to 105 years, who were native i§Zaysitei¨ speakers... Results and conclusion : The result indicated positive attitude of the respondents towards their language, the link between linguistically encoded indigenous environmental knowledge and biodiversity conservation, existence of some obsolete words of Zaysite language, and progressive decrease of the mean (ƒ{X ) numbers of correctly interpreted vocabularies from elders (ƒ{X =63.85) to teenagers (ƒ{X =37.23). These findings prove noticeable gradual decline in the use of Zaysite language. Losses of vocabularies, as social genes of culture and some words becoming obsolete have not only negative impacts on the proficiency and communicative functions of the language, but also on the biodiversity conservation because life in a particular human environment is dependent on peoplei¦s ability to express the environment using words (cultural genes) of the language. Therefore, language has a direct positive effect on the biodiversity conservation and hence, Zaysite and other languages need protection, preservation and documentation in order to conserve biodiversity. Key words : biodiversity, elders, endangerment, language preservation, teenagers, Zaysite, cultural genes
{"title":"Language as genes of culture and biodiversity conservation: The case of “Zaysite” language in southern region of Ethiopia","authors":"A. Unasho","doi":"10.4314/IJMA.V1I6.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/IJMA.V1I6.1","url":null,"abstract":"Background and aim : Ethiopia is a country of a remarkablei¦ mosaici¦ people each with its own distinct languages, and cultural norms without which progress and development are impossible and development that does not pay attention to culture and environment cannot produce fruits. Zeyse ethnic group is one of the minority ethnic groups whose language and its role to conserve biodiversity is not studied well. The aim of this study was to assess the status of Zeyse ethnic group language and its role in biodiversity conservation. Subjects : During the study, the status of the language and its role to conserve biodiversity were assessed by, taking a sample of 230 individuals from the population that includes age groups ranged from 10 to 105 years, who were native i§Zaysitei¨ speakers... Results and conclusion : The result indicated positive attitude of the respondents towards their language, the link between linguistically encoded indigenous environmental knowledge and biodiversity conservation, existence of some obsolete words of Zaysite language, and progressive decrease of the mean (ƒ{X ) numbers of correctly interpreted vocabularies from elders (ƒ{X =63.85) to teenagers (ƒ{X =37.23). These findings prove noticeable gradual decline in the use of Zaysite language. Losses of vocabularies, as social genes of culture and some words becoming obsolete have not only negative impacts on the proficiency and communicative functions of the language, but also on the biodiversity conservation because life in a particular human environment is dependent on peoplei¦s ability to express the environment using words (cultural genes) of the language. Therefore, language has a direct positive effect on the biodiversity conservation and hence, Zaysite and other languages need protection, preservation and documentation in order to conserve biodiversity. Key words : biodiversity, elders, endangerment, language preservation, teenagers, Zaysite, cultural genes","PeriodicalId":14088,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Modern Anthropology","volume":"1 1","pages":"13-36"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4314/IJMA.V1I6.1","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70537889","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Arnaiz-Villena, Javier Alonso-Rubio, V. Ruíz-del-Valle
There are indications of transatlantic cultural contacts in Prehistoric Times: Solutrean artifacts (about 20,000 years ago) are found in United States archeological sites and also cave wall inscriptions which may be a early alphabet and are identical all over the World are abundant in southern France and northern Spain. In the present paper, close similarities of a Tiwanaku (Titikaka Lake, Bolivia) “ritual ear” and another “ritual ears” observed in Alberite Dolmen (southern Spain, 7,000 years ago) are described. Functionality of these stone carved “ears” is related to amplifying voice and communication between shaman/priest and prayers. Thus, a religious role is put forward for these “ears”, but not excluding other functionalities. In addition, Basque language is considered as a remaining of the initial old Iberian-Tartessian language; Celtic Welsh is now being translated by using Iberian-Tartessian. Iberians identification with Atlantic Celts (British Isles and French Brittany) may be feasible. Also, words of an ancient European language (Basque) and Andean languages are similar in phonology and semantics. Our findings further strengthen the existence of transatlantic cultural contacts, which may have occurred in one direction or being also bidirectional during a wide range of prehistoric time. Key words : Alberite, Aymara, Basques, Bolivia, British, Celts, Dolmen, Iberians, Quechua, Spanish, Tiwanaku
{"title":"Tiwanaku ( Titikaka Lake, Bolivia ) and Alberite Dolmen (Southern Spain) ritual “ears”","authors":"A. Arnaiz-Villena, Javier Alonso-Rubio, V. Ruíz-del-Valle","doi":"10.4314/IJMA.V1I6.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/IJMA.V1I6.3","url":null,"abstract":"There are indications of transatlantic cultural contacts in Prehistoric Times: Solutrean artifacts (about 20,000 years ago) are found in United States archeological sites and also cave wall inscriptions which may be a early alphabet and are identical all over the World are abundant in southern France and northern Spain. In the present paper, close similarities of a Tiwanaku (Titikaka Lake, Bolivia) “ritual ear” and another “ritual ears” observed in Alberite Dolmen (southern Spain, 7,000 years ago) are described. Functionality of these stone carved “ears” is related to amplifying voice and communication between shaman/priest and prayers. Thus, a religious role is put forward for these “ears”, but not excluding other functionalities. In addition, Basque language is considered as a remaining of the initial old Iberian-Tartessian language; Celtic Welsh is now being translated by using Iberian-Tartessian. Iberians identification with Atlantic Celts (British Isles and French Brittany) may be feasible. Also, words of an ancient European language (Basque) and Andean languages are similar in phonology and semantics. Our findings further strengthen the existence of transatlantic cultural contacts, which may have occurred in one direction or being also bidirectional during a wide range of prehistoric time. Key words : Alberite, Aymara, Basques, Bolivia, British, Celts, Dolmen, Iberians, Quechua, Spanish, Tiwanaku","PeriodicalId":14088,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Modern Anthropology","volume":"1 1","pages":"61-76"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4314/IJMA.V1I6.3","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70538004","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background : In modernism framework, identity is viewed as a fixed, essential and centered essence inside the mind of human and all his behaviors and characteristics are originated from this mental essence, while the post-structuralists see identity as multiple, contradictory, and changing over time. Aim : The purpose of the current study is to analyze the fragmented nature of the characters of “The Grapes of Wrath” on postmodern bedrock, where the nature of identity of all the characters is treated in singularity. The study further displays that as a text may have contradictory meanings, hence the characters of the text cannot be imprisoned within the domain of a single identity, but at each flow of the unrepeated time segment, the nature of identity keeps on changing. Method : The researchers aim at scrutinizing the selected novel through a postmodern outlook, where it opens texts up to alternative readings, i.e. to look for neglected and marginalized elements in texts especially the aporias. Results : The study wants to bring to picture that a text never achieves closure, but it is an open field of any possible learning with unpredicted interpretations. It shows that by challenging the tradition of the Metaphysics and resisting the imposed logos of life, all the biased and politicized stumbling blocks may be removed from the routine path of the natural growth of the characters of the novel, and the same thing may be applicable to the life itself. Keywords : Identity, Post-structuralism framework, multiple meanings, metaphysics of presence, Social Identity Theory.
{"title":"The Nature of Identity in “ The Grapes of Wrath ”: A postmodern Study","authors":"N. Hooti, Farzaneh Arjmand","doi":"10.4314/IJMA.V1I6.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/IJMA.V1I6.2","url":null,"abstract":"Background : In modernism framework, identity is viewed as a fixed, essential and centered essence inside the mind of human and all his behaviors and characteristics are originated from this mental essence, while the post-structuralists see identity as multiple, contradictory, and changing over time. Aim : The purpose of the current study is to analyze the fragmented nature of the characters of “The Grapes of Wrath” on postmodern bedrock, where the nature of identity of all the characters is treated in singularity. The study further displays that as a text may have contradictory meanings, hence the characters of the text cannot be imprisoned within the domain of a single identity, but at each flow of the unrepeated time segment, the nature of identity keeps on changing. Method : The researchers aim at scrutinizing the selected novel through a postmodern outlook, where it opens texts up to alternative readings, i.e. to look for neglected and marginalized elements in texts especially the aporias. Results : The study wants to bring to picture that a text never achieves closure, but it is an open field of any possible learning with unpredicted interpretations. It shows that by challenging the tradition of the Metaphysics and resisting the imposed logos of life, all the biased and politicized stumbling blocks may be removed from the routine path of the natural growth of the characters of the novel, and the same thing may be applicable to the life itself. Keywords : Identity, Post-structuralism framework, multiple meanings, metaphysics of presence, Social Identity Theory.","PeriodicalId":14088,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Modern Anthropology","volume":"1 1","pages":"38-59"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4314/IJMA.V1I6.2","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70537961","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Spirit possession and the belief in witches and their curses is common in Uganda. This paper discerns a number of common themes that run through many of these experiences. In particular, sex as a motif for deviance and evil is noted as a common feature of many of the possession stories and all contact with spirits is seen as fundamentally dangerous. There is also some commonality in the content of some stories recounted by interviewees. This paper compares the observations and interviews conducted in Uganda and their common themes with Eni’s book Saved from the Powers of Darkness, with Ugandan cultural traditions and Ugandan experiences of terrorism to probe the origins of their conceptualisations. Through these comparisons it is possible to note Nigerian influence in at least some Ugandan expressions of the experience of spirit possession. However, Ugandan, rather than Nigerian, traditions and experiences are probably more important overall. Besides the traditions that are noted as influences on the way in which spirit possessions are expressed and experienced, the possibility for the breaking of witches’ curses being a cohesive of community activity is noted, as is a connection between the casting out of spirits and the resolve (or at least desire) to live a better, morally reformed, life in accordance with what is being preached in a church. This paper notes evidence that supports Horton’s suggestion that spirit possession is the theorisation of the world in order to understand and affect it. Key words : Spirit Possession; Witchcraft; Deliverance; Pentecostalism; Uganda
{"title":"Themes in Spirit Possession in Ugandan Christianity","authors":"R. James","doi":"10.4314/IJMA.V1I6.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/IJMA.V1I6.5","url":null,"abstract":"Spirit possession and the belief in witches and their curses is common in Uganda. This paper discerns a number of common themes that run through many of these experiences. In particular, sex as a motif for deviance and evil is noted as a common feature of many of the possession stories and all contact with spirits is seen as fundamentally dangerous. There is also some commonality in the content of some stories recounted by interviewees. This paper compares the observations and interviews conducted in Uganda and their common themes with Eni’s book Saved from the Powers of Darkness, with Ugandan cultural traditions and Ugandan experiences of terrorism to probe the origins of their conceptualisations. Through these comparisons it is possible to note Nigerian influence in at least some Ugandan expressions of the experience of spirit possession. However, Ugandan, rather than Nigerian, traditions and experiences are probably more important overall. Besides the traditions that are noted as influences on the way in which spirit possessions are expressed and experienced, the possibility for the breaking of witches’ curses being a cohesive of community activity is noted, as is a connection between the casting out of spirits and the resolve (or at least desire) to live a better, morally reformed, life in accordance with what is being preached in a church. This paper notes evidence that supports Horton’s suggestion that spirit possession is the theorisation of the world in order to understand and affect it. Key words : Spirit Possession; Witchcraft; Deliverance; Pentecostalism; Uganda","PeriodicalId":14088,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Modern Anthropology","volume":"1 1","pages":"86-98"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4314/IJMA.V1I6.5","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70538059","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Generally the position of different organs is determined by simple description following the anatomical elements surrounded them and such description could be developed and applied in surgical anatomy. Here, I present for the first time a theoretical three-dimensional ovary position in link with the global anatomical structure of each human female body. I advance the fact that ovaries are placed between two anatomical planes: a first plane of a frontal section touching at the top the internal edge of the manubrium sterni and at the bottom the convexity of the lumbar curvature of the spinal column and a second plane of a frontal section touching the two convexities of cervical and lumbar curvatures of the spinal column. Although during and after the first pregnancy ovaries become really slightly displaced they would keep the proposed three-dimensional position. The degree of accuracy of this theoretical position could be evaluated by using special combined techniques of Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI). If results will be positive, this finding would represent a new future view in particular fundamental anatomical studies where we will bring out the harmony between an organ position and the global individual anatomical structure. Key words : theoretical ovary position, three-dimensional position, individual anatomical structure
{"title":"A theoretical ovary position in link with the global anatomical structure of each human female body","authors":"H. Chaabani","doi":"10.4314/IJMA.V1I6.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/IJMA.V1I6.4","url":null,"abstract":"Generally the position of different organs is determined by simple description following the anatomical elements surrounded them and such description could be developed and applied in surgical anatomy. Here, I present for the first time a theoretical three-dimensional ovary position in link with the global anatomical structure of each human female body. I advance the fact that ovaries are placed between two anatomical planes: a first plane of a frontal section touching at the top the internal edge of the manubrium sterni and at the bottom the convexity of the lumbar curvature of the spinal column and a second plane of a frontal section touching the two convexities of cervical and lumbar curvatures of the spinal column. Although during and after the first pregnancy ovaries become really slightly displaced they would keep the proposed three-dimensional position. The degree of accuracy of this theoretical position could be evaluated by using special combined techniques of Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI). If results will be positive, this finding would represent a new future view in particular fundamental anatomical studies where we will bring out the harmony between an organ position and the global individual anatomical structure. Key words : theoretical ovary position, three-dimensional position, individual anatomical structure","PeriodicalId":14088,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Modern Anthropology","volume":"1 1","pages":"78-84"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4314/IJMA.V1I6.4","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70538016","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
760 officially recognized scripts on ceramics from Iruna-Veleia excavated by the archaeology firm Lurmen S.L. (approximately between years 2002-2008)have been analyzed. A number of these ceramics contains scripts which may be assimilated to Iberian/Tartessian writings. This number may be underestimated since more studies need to be done in already available and new found ceramics. This is the second time that Iberian writing is found by us in an unexpected location together with the Iberian-Guanche inscriptions of Lanzarote and Fuerteventura (Canary Islands). On the other hand, naviform scripting, usually associated to Iberian rock or stone engraving may have also been found in Veleia. Strict separation, other than in time and space stratification, between Iberian and (South) Tartessian culture and script is doubted. Keywords: Iruna-Veleia, Teverga (Asturias), Iberian, Tartessian, Basque, Vasco-iberismo, epigraphy, scripts, graffiti, “iberico”, “tartesico”,“grafitos”, “escritura”,”Guanche “
{"title":"Iberian-Tartessian scripts/graffiti in Iruna-Veleia (Basque Country, North Spain): findings in both Iberia and Canary Islands-Africa","authors":"A. Arnaiz-Villena, D. Rey","doi":"10.4314/IJMA.V1I5.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/IJMA.V1I5.2","url":null,"abstract":"760 officially recognized scripts on ceramics from Iruna-Veleia excavated by the archaeology firm Lurmen S.L. (approximately between years 2002-2008)have been analyzed. A number of these ceramics contains scripts which may be assimilated to Iberian/Tartessian writings. This number may be underestimated since more studies need to be done in already available and new found ceramics. This is the second time that Iberian writing is found by us in an unexpected location together with the Iberian-Guanche inscriptions of Lanzarote and Fuerteventura (Canary Islands). On the other hand, naviform scripting, usually associated to Iberian rock or stone engraving may have also been found in Veleia. Strict separation, other than in time and space stratification, between Iberian and (South) Tartessian culture and script is doubted. Keywords: Iruna-Veleia, Teverga (Asturias), Iberian, Tartessian, Basque, Vasco-iberismo, epigraphy, scripts, graffiti, “iberico”, “tartesico”,“grafitos”, “escritura”,”Guanche “","PeriodicalId":14088,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Modern Anthropology","volume":"1 1","pages":"34-38"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70537730","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hemoglobinopathies are a group of hereditary hemolytic anemia characterized by qualitative (sickle cell disease) or quantitative (thalassemia) defects in the alpha or beta-globin chain synthesis. Homozygotes or compound heterozygotes for the mutated alpha or beta-globin genes can cause severe anemia at an early age. These pathologies are common in some areas (Mediterranean, Africa, India, and Southeast Asia). Tunisia, by its geographical location, its history and its socio-economic system, is particularly concerned by these pathologies. The frequency and severity of the beta-thalassemia syndrome justify the establishment of prevention programs including screening and genetic counseling especially in regions with relatively high degree of consanguinity. Molecular investigations are conducted to identify the molecular defects involved in β-thalassemia. Determination of the spectrum and distribution of beta globin gene mutations and haplotypes associated gave us the opportunity to develop and improve diagnostic tests and eventually to offer ante-natal diagnosis. In addition, molecular analyses gave us important anthropological information about the origins and the spread of Hemoglobinopathies mutations. Investigations have been conducted to propose the origin and the migration schemes of the most frequent β-thalassemia mutations in Tunisia (codon 39 and IVSI 110): a west-Mediterranean and ancient origin for codon 39 and an east-Mediterranean origin (Anatolia) for IVSI 110 during the Neolithic period. Concerning the βS mutation of the sickle cell anemia, the β-globin cluster restriction enzyme haplotypes and the sequence polymorphism analyses show a multicentric origin for this mutation. Arose about 3,000 years ago, this mutation was very likely introduced in North Africa from sub-Saharan Africa. Key words: Hemoglobinopathies, Genetic counseling, Molecular analyses, Migration schemes, Origins of mutations.
{"title":"Synthetic review on the different anthropological aspects of hemoglobinopathies in Tunisia","authors":"A. Khelil, P. Perrin, G. Lefranc, J. Chibani","doi":"10.4314/IJMA.V1I5.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/IJMA.V1I5.4","url":null,"abstract":"Hemoglobinopathies are a group of hereditary hemolytic anemia characterized by qualitative (sickle cell disease) or quantitative (thalassemia) defects in the alpha or beta-globin chain synthesis. Homozygotes or compound heterozygotes for the mutated alpha or beta-globin genes can cause severe anemia at an early age. These pathologies are common in some areas (Mediterranean, Africa, India, and Southeast Asia). Tunisia, by its geographical location, its history and its socio-economic system, is particularly concerned by these pathologies. The frequency and severity of the beta-thalassemia syndrome justify the establishment of prevention programs including screening and genetic counseling especially in regions with relatively high degree of consanguinity. Molecular investigations are conducted to identify the molecular defects involved in β-thalassemia. Determination of the spectrum and distribution of beta globin gene mutations and haplotypes associated gave us the opportunity to develop and improve diagnostic tests and eventually to offer ante-natal diagnosis. In addition, molecular analyses gave us important anthropological information about the origins and the spread of Hemoglobinopathies mutations. Investigations have been conducted to propose the origin and the migration schemes of the most frequent β-thalassemia mutations in Tunisia (codon 39 and IVSI 110): a west-Mediterranean and ancient origin for codon 39 and an east-Mediterranean origin (Anatolia) for IVSI 110 during the Neolithic period. Concerning the βS mutation of the sickle cell anemia, the β-globin cluster restriction enzyme haplotypes and the sequence polymorphism analyses show a multicentric origin for this mutation. Arose about 3,000 years ago, this mutation was very likely introduced in North Africa from sub-Saharan Africa. Key words: Hemoglobinopathies, Genetic counseling, Molecular analyses, Migration schemes, Origins of mutations.","PeriodicalId":14088,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Modern Anthropology","volume":"1 1","pages":"60-78"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4314/IJMA.V1I5.4","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70537804","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: The LRRK2 G2019S mutation is an important genetic determinant of Parkinson’s disease (PD) across the world that occurs at an elevated frequency in North Africa. Aim: To estimate the date of the G2019S mutation in Berbers. Material and Methods: We determined the LRRK2 haplotypes in twenty-two G2019S carriers, mostly North Africans, and in one hundred twenty-four Arab, Moroccan Berber and Sephardi Jew controls, using seven microsatellite and two SNP genetic markers. Results: A single haplotype was detected, with some variations, in all mutation carriers. Using a maximum–likelihood method, we estimate that Moroccan Berbers with G2019S share a common ancestor who lived ~128 (95% CI 107-180) generations ago. Conclusion: Our conclusion is that the G2019S mutation of the LRRK2 gene originates 3,840 (95% CI 3,210-5,400) years ago in parkinsonian Moroccan Berbers patients. Key words: Parkinson’s disease (PD), Leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 ( LRRK2 ) gene, G2019S mutation, Haplotype, Founding mutation.
背景:LRRK2 G2019S突变是世界范围内帕金森病(PD)的重要遗传决定因素，在北非发生频率升高。目的:估计柏柏尔人G2019S突变的日期。材料和方法:我们使用7个微卫星和2个SNP遗传标记确定了22名G2019S携带者(主要是北非人)和124名阿拉伯人、摩洛哥柏柏尔人和西班牙法迪犹太人的LRRK2单倍型。结果:在所有突变携带者中均检测到单个单倍型，并存在一定的变异。使用最大似然方法，我们估计摩洛哥柏柏尔人与G2019S有共同的祖先，生活在约128代(95% CI 107-180)以前。结论:我们的结论是，LRRK2基因的G2019S突变起源于3840年前(95% CI 3210 - 5400)的帕金森摩洛哥柏柏尔患者。关键词:帕金森病，富亮氨酸重复激酶2 (LRRK2)基因，G2019S突变，单倍型，创始突变
{"title":"New contribution on the LRRK2 G2019S mutation associated to Parkinson’s disease: age estimation of a common founder event of old age in Moroccan Berbers","authors":"G. Lucotte, D. David, N. Change","doi":"10.4314/IJMA.V1I5.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/IJMA.V1I5.1","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The LRRK2 G2019S mutation is an important genetic determinant of Parkinson’s disease (PD) across the world that occurs at an elevated frequency in North Africa. Aim: To estimate the date of the G2019S mutation in Berbers. Material and Methods: We determined the LRRK2 haplotypes in twenty-two G2019S carriers, mostly North Africans, and in one hundred twenty-four Arab, Moroccan Berber and Sephardi Jew controls, using seven microsatellite and two SNP genetic markers. Results: A single haplotype was detected, with some variations, in all mutation carriers. Using a maximum–likelihood method, we estimate that Moroccan Berbers with G2019S share a common ancestor who lived ~128 (95% CI 107-180) generations ago. Conclusion: Our conclusion is that the G2019S mutation of the LRRK2 gene originates 3,840 (95% CI 3,210-5,400) years ago in parkinsonian Moroccan Berbers patients. Key words: Parkinson’s disease (PD), Leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 ( LRRK2 ) gene, G2019S mutation, Haplotype, Founding mutation.","PeriodicalId":14088,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Modern Anthropology","volume":"1 1","pages":"11-22"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4314/IJMA.V1I5.1","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70538194","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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