Pub Date : 2023-06-21DOI: 10.24940/ijird/2023/v12/i4/apr23014
Dr. Omole Ilesanmi I., Adewumi Ayodeji D., Adewumi Ademola A.
This study is anchored on Nigerian consumer products companies that are traded on the Nigerian Stock Exchange. This research investigates the connection between Corporate Governance quality, Agency cost, and Investment choice. Tobin's Q, Audit Committee, Board size, Board independence, Operational Expenses, and Asset Utilization Ratio data were taken from yearly reports of 10 chosen firms over an 11-year period between 2011 and 2021 to determine the connection. The OLS panel model regression's findings indicated that the value of the t-statistics computed for Audit Committee and Board Size was below the crucial value of 5%. This suggested that the Audit Committee had influence over the choice to invest in the chosen consumer goods firms. Asset usage ratio, Operating Expenses Ratio, and T-statistics for Board Independence all exceeded the crucial figure of 5%. This suggested that the Audit Committee's influence on the chosen consumer goods firms' spending decisions is minimal. The study's conclusion was that consumer products firms must have an ideal board structure if they want to perform better.
{"title":"Corporate Governance Quality, Agency Cost and Shareholder Investment in Nigerian Consumer Products Companies","authors":"Dr. Omole Ilesanmi I., Adewumi Ayodeji D., Adewumi Ademola A.","doi":"10.24940/ijird/2023/v12/i4/apr23014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24940/ijird/2023/v12/i4/apr23014","url":null,"abstract":"This study is anchored on Nigerian consumer products companies that are traded on the Nigerian Stock Exchange. This research investigates the connection between Corporate Governance quality, Agency cost, and Investment choice. Tobin's Q, Audit Committee, Board size, Board independence, Operational Expenses, and Asset Utilization Ratio data were taken from yearly reports of 10 chosen firms over an 11-year period between 2011 and 2021 to determine the connection. The OLS panel model regression's findings indicated that the value of the t-statistics computed for Audit Committee and Board Size was below the crucial value of 5%. This suggested that the Audit Committee had influence over the choice to invest in the chosen consumer goods firms. Asset usage ratio, Operating Expenses Ratio, and T-statistics for Board Independence all exceeded the crucial figure of 5%. This suggested that the Audit Committee's influence on the chosen consumer goods firms' spending decisions is minimal. The study's conclusion was that consumer products firms must have an ideal board structure if they want to perform better.","PeriodicalId":14101,"journal":{"name":"International journal of innovative research and development","volume":"4586 3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90608781","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Soil-Transmitted Helminths (geo-helminths) are intestinal parasites causing human infections that are soil-borne. The study assessed the level of soil contamination with geo-helminths ova and also evaluated the level of compliance to WASH policies in some selected public and private schools in Akure North and Owo Local Government Areas of Ondo state, respectively. The study was conducted in the major districts of the two towns. Methods Soil samples were collected from three (3) different locations within each school premise: Toilet areas, classroom and playground. Assessment sheets were used to evaluate data on indicators of compliance to WASH interventions. Modified Baemann’s culture technique was used in the extraction of geo-helminths larvae and sedimentation techniques were used in the concentration and isolation of geo-helminths eggs. The significant difference in soil contamination between public and private schools was obtained using statistical analysis. Result Of the 162 soil samples examined from each local government area, Akure North had the highest number of contaminated samples, n=116 (71.61%), while Owo local government had the least, n =88 (54.32%). Four (4) different geo-helminth species were identified; Hookworm, Ascaris lumbricoides, Strongyloides stercoralis, and Trichuris trichiura. The most occurring parasites seen in Akure North were hookworm larvae (67.83%), Strongyloides stercoralis (67.83%), hookworm ova (11.25%) and ova of Ascaris lumbricoides (7.56%). Likewise, Hookworm larvae had the highest level of occurrence (51.67%), while Trichuris trichiura was the least occurring (0.77%) in Owo local government area. Public schools had the higher parasite count 668/780 (85.64%), while private schools had the lesser parasite count, 112 /780 (14.36%). Conclusion The study revealed poor deployment of WASH in the schools, and children were predisposed to geo-helminths infections due to the high level of contamination, particularly in the public schools.
{"title":"Wash Deployment and Geo-helminth Ova Dispersion in Primary Schools in Akure North and Owo Local Government Areas, Ondo State, Nigeria","authors":"Oniya Mobolanle Oladipo, Dare Taiwo Irene, Omotunwase, Oyinkansola Idiat, Simon-Oke, Iyabo Adepeju, Onagbola Ebenezer Oloyede","doi":"10.24940/ijird/2023/v12/i4/apr23001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24940/ijird/2023/v12/i4/apr23001","url":null,"abstract":"Soil-Transmitted Helminths (geo-helminths) are intestinal parasites causing human infections that are soil-borne. The study assessed the level of soil contamination with geo-helminths ova and also evaluated the level of compliance to WASH policies in some selected public and private schools in Akure North and Owo Local Government Areas of Ondo state, respectively. The study was conducted in the major districts of the two towns. \u0000Methods \u0000Soil samples were collected from three (3) different locations within each school premise: Toilet areas, classroom and playground. Assessment sheets were used to evaluate data on indicators of compliance to WASH interventions. Modified Baemann’s culture technique was used in the extraction of geo-helminths larvae and sedimentation techniques were used in the concentration and isolation of geo-helminths eggs. The significant difference in soil contamination between public and private schools was obtained using statistical analysis. \u0000Result \u0000Of the 162 soil samples examined from each local government area, Akure North had the highest number of contaminated samples, n=116 (71.61%), while Owo local government had the least, n =88 (54.32%). Four (4) different geo-helminth species were identified; Hookworm, Ascaris lumbricoides, Strongyloides stercoralis, and Trichuris trichiura. The most occurring parasites seen in Akure North were hookworm larvae (67.83%), Strongyloides stercoralis (67.83%), hookworm ova (11.25%) and ova of Ascaris lumbricoides (7.56%). Likewise, Hookworm larvae had the highest level of occurrence (51.67%), while Trichuris trichiura was the least occurring (0.77%) in Owo local government area. Public schools had the higher parasite count 668/780 (85.64%), while private schools had the lesser parasite count, 112 /780 (14.36%). \u0000Conclusion \u0000The study revealed poor deployment of WASH in the schools, and children were predisposed to geo-helminths infections due to the high level of contamination, particularly in the public schools.","PeriodicalId":14101,"journal":{"name":"International journal of innovative research and development","volume":"106 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79353843","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-21DOI: 10.24940/ijird/2023/v12/i4/apr23005
Awwal Damilare Akinremi, Olufemi Felix Iyiola, Aigbedion I. Priscila, Olusina Temidayo Aweda, Ayodeji Olatunbosun Ajani
This research focused on developing a web-based GIS for tourist attractions and cultural heritage in Oyo town, Oyo state, Nigeria. The study considered the present situation of tourism in the study area as it seems almost dead due to the lack of awareness programmes to push the state's tourism to the world market. Before tourism can be well-accepted by all and sundry, understanding the locations of the various tourist attractions need to be made known. The town lacks an up-to-date tourist guide map, including the non-availability of digital information for tourism. The study aimed at developing a web-based Geographic Information System (GIS) for tourist attractions and cultural heritage in Oyo town. The methodology involved database design and creation, satellite image georeferencing and onscreen digitizing in ArcGIS 10.8, spatial analysis, and publishing of a web map in ArcGIS online. Products generated included tourist maps, digital road network maps, and other thematic maps showing hotels, restaurants, markets, and police stations. The paper recommended that government should properly document all the tourist sites in Oyo town, develop a functional tourism database using GIS technology to better enhance the tourist experience, and that detailed information about tourism activities should be easily made available and accessible from the tourism database.
{"title":"Developing a Web-Based GIS for Tourist Attractions and Cultural Heritage in Oyo Town, Nigeria","authors":"Awwal Damilare Akinremi, Olufemi Felix Iyiola, Aigbedion I. Priscila, Olusina Temidayo Aweda, Ayodeji Olatunbosun Ajani","doi":"10.24940/ijird/2023/v12/i4/apr23005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24940/ijird/2023/v12/i4/apr23005","url":null,"abstract":"This research focused on developing a web-based GIS for tourist attractions and cultural heritage in Oyo town, Oyo state, Nigeria. The study considered the present situation of tourism in the study area as it seems almost dead due to the lack of awareness programmes to push the state's tourism to the world market. Before tourism can be well-accepted by all and sundry, understanding the locations of the various tourist attractions need to be made known. The town lacks an up-to-date tourist guide map, including the non-availability of digital information for tourism. The study aimed at developing a web-based Geographic Information System (GIS) for tourist attractions and cultural heritage in Oyo town. The methodology involved database design and creation, satellite image georeferencing and onscreen digitizing in ArcGIS 10.8, spatial analysis, and publishing of a web map in ArcGIS online. Products generated included tourist maps, digital road network maps, and other thematic maps showing hotels, restaurants, markets, and police stations. The paper recommended that government should properly document all the tourist sites in Oyo town, develop a functional tourism database using GIS technology to better enhance the tourist experience, and that detailed information about tourism activities should be easily made available and accessible from the tourism database.","PeriodicalId":14101,"journal":{"name":"International journal of innovative research and development","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88890420","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-21DOI: 10.24940/ijird/2023/v12/i5/may23014
None Jermaine O. Omulami, None Patrick K. Tum, None Rachael E. N. Njogu, None Dickson M. Andala, None George O. Achieng
Cement manufacturing results in the release of gaseous emissions, which cause air pollution. Air pollution affects human health. In this study, two cement grinding and milling facilities in Athi River, Machakos County, in Kenya, were selected to determine the downwind dispersion of flue gases (CO, CO2, SO2 and NOx) emitted into the environment using AERMOD software. Cement Factory 1 (CF1) contained one sampling point (Stack 1) and Cement Factory 2 (CF2) contained two points (Stacks 2a and 2b). The sampling procedures were based on the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) standard methods. Unlike CO2, the modelling results showed that the maximum peak concentrations of CO, SO2 and NOx were below the permissible limits under the EMCA 2014 and WHO Air Quality Guidelines 2021. The 8-hour and 1-hour mean maximum concentration was 8.809±1.570 mg/m3 and 32.715±4.362 mg/m3, respectively. Both stack 2a and 2b recorded negligible concentrations of CO, SO2 and NOx.
{"title":"Evaluation of the Downwind Dispersion of Gaseous Emissions from Cement Milling and Grinding Facilities in Athi River, Machakos County, Kenya","authors":"None Jermaine O. Omulami, None Patrick K. Tum, None Rachael E. N. Njogu, None Dickson M. Andala, None George O. Achieng","doi":"10.24940/ijird/2023/v12/i5/may23014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24940/ijird/2023/v12/i5/may23014","url":null,"abstract":"Cement manufacturing results in the release of gaseous emissions, which cause air pollution. Air pollution affects human health. In this study, two cement grinding and milling facilities in Athi River, Machakos County, in Kenya, were selected to determine the downwind dispersion of flue gases (CO, CO2, SO2 and NOx) emitted into the environment using AERMOD software. Cement Factory 1 (CF1) contained one sampling point (Stack 1) and Cement Factory 2 (CF2) contained two points (Stacks 2a and 2b). The sampling procedures were based on the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) standard methods. Unlike CO2, the modelling results showed that the maximum peak concentrations of CO, SO2 and NOx were below the permissible limits under the EMCA 2014 and WHO Air Quality Guidelines 2021. The 8-hour and 1-hour mean maximum concentration was 8.809±1.570 mg/m3 and 32.715±4.362 mg/m3, respectively. Both stack 2a and 2b recorded negligible concentrations of CO, SO2 and NOx.","PeriodicalId":14101,"journal":{"name":"International journal of innovative research and development","volume":"89 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135089968","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-21DOI: 10.24940/ijird/2023/v12/i4/apr23004
Mugambi Philip Gitonga, Dr. Samson Nyang’au Paul
The aviation industry plays a major role in the world economy and plays a key role in the realization of Kenya Vision 2030 and the Big Four Agenda. ICAO strives to implement practical and achievable measures to improve air safety and efficiency in the air transportation system, such as Global Air Navigation Plan (GANP) and Aviation System Block Upgrades (ASBU) methodology. The KCAA Airspace Master Plan for 2015–2030 delivers a number of recommendations for the project implementation plan of CNS technologies that will supplement the airspace infrastructure in Kenya. Most of these recommendations stem from the priorities allocated to ICAO ASBU modules to meet the KCAA operational objectives. This project implementation plan is structured to cover Air Navigation Services (ANS). Performance of air safety projects has remained below the global targets in most African states and, consequently, high accident rates. Risk transfer strategy have been identified as one of the factors that affect project performance in other industries. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of risk transfer strategy on the performance of air safety projects in the civil aviation industry in Nairobi County, Kenya. The specific objective of the study was to determine the influence of risk transfer strategy on the performance of air safety projects in the civil aviation industry in Kenya. The study was guided by Agency Theory. A descriptive research design was adopted, and the target population comprised 277 KCAA staff in the ANS department stationed in different stations in Nairobi County. Slovin’s formula was used to obtain a sample population of 164 from a target population of 277. The study used primary data that was gathered by administering questionnaires. Then the data were summarized and analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Descriptive statistics comprised mean, averages, and standard deviation, while inferential statistics comprised correlation and regression analysis. SPSS software was used to generate the statistics. The findings of the study were presented in the form of tables, frequencies, and percentages to ease interpretations and understanding. Findings from correlation and regression statistics indicated that risk transfer had a positive and significant influence on the performance of air safety projects in the civil aviation industry. This study strongly recommends that more research is required to confirm if the findings hold for other types of public institutions in the transport sector. Future researchers could look into risk transfer strategies in the context before and after the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and how it impacts the performance of air safety projects in the civil aviation industry
{"title":"Risk Transfer Strategy and Performance of Air Safety Projects in Civil Aviation Industry in Nairobi County, Kenya","authors":"Mugambi Philip Gitonga, Dr. Samson Nyang’au Paul","doi":"10.24940/ijird/2023/v12/i4/apr23004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24940/ijird/2023/v12/i4/apr23004","url":null,"abstract":"The aviation industry plays a major role in the world economy and plays a key role in the realization of Kenya Vision 2030 and the Big Four Agenda. ICAO strives to implement practical and achievable measures to improve air safety and efficiency in the air transportation system, such as Global Air Navigation Plan (GANP) and Aviation System Block Upgrades (ASBU) methodology. The KCAA Airspace Master Plan for 2015–2030 delivers a number of recommendations for the project implementation plan of CNS technologies that will supplement the airspace infrastructure in Kenya. Most of these recommendations stem from the priorities allocated to ICAO ASBU modules to meet the KCAA operational objectives. This project implementation plan is structured to cover Air Navigation Services (ANS). Performance of air safety projects has remained below the global targets in most African states and, consequently, high accident rates. Risk transfer strategy have been identified as one of the factors that affect project performance in other industries. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of risk transfer strategy on the performance of air safety projects in the civil aviation industry in Nairobi County, Kenya. The specific objective of the study was to determine the influence of risk transfer strategy on the performance of air safety projects in the civil aviation industry in Kenya. The study was guided by Agency Theory. A descriptive research design was adopted, and the target population comprised 277 KCAA staff in the ANS department stationed in different stations in Nairobi County. Slovin’s formula was used to obtain a sample population of 164 from a target population of 277. The study used primary data that was gathered by administering questionnaires. Then the data were summarized and analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Descriptive statistics comprised mean, averages, and standard deviation, while inferential statistics comprised correlation and regression analysis. SPSS software was used to generate the statistics. The findings of the study were presented in the form of tables, frequencies, and percentages to ease interpretations and understanding. Findings from correlation and regression statistics indicated that risk transfer had a positive and significant influence on the performance of air safety projects in the civil aviation industry. This study strongly recommends that more research is required to confirm if the findings hold for other types of public institutions in the transport sector. Future researchers could look into risk transfer strategies in the context before and after the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and how it impacts the performance of air safety projects in the civil aviation industry","PeriodicalId":14101,"journal":{"name":"International journal of innovative research and development","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84502267","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-17DOI: 10.24940/ijird/2023/v12/i5/may23019
None Samuel Ufom Okon
Lending in the Nigerian banking space has continued to evolve over the years. As changes have occurred in the banking system, so has the level of non-performing loans evolved.
While the growth in non-performing loans has been as a result of various unwholesome practices in the industry, others have been as a result of global economic downturn such as the United States housing bubble in 2007 - 2008 and then the fall in demand and price of crude oil in 2016, caused another round of financial crisis.
The Nigerian banking landscape has been bedeviled with lots of non-performing loan challenges over the years. The disbursement of credit facilities in the form of advances, loans, and overdrafts by banks to corporate bodies, individuals, private and public entities occupies a critical and strategic position in the economic growth of a nation. To perform this function, Banks muster funds from the nation’s surplus economic unit of the economy.
This thesis focuses on how the establishment of credit bureau has impacted the growth or otherwise of non-performing loans, lending practices and policies of banks in Nigeria.
Collected and analyzed data through primary and secondary sources. Questionnaires were administered to bank officials and the three major credit bureau companies. However, as is the case with questionnaires distributed, some were returned unanswered due to people being reluctant to furnish detailed replies.
This study sets out the theoretical background, rationalization and objectives of the study. A lot of literature reviews on lending policies and reviews of credit control in the banking industry were undertaken, the need for efficient loan administration and the causes of non-performing loans in the banking industry. A summary of the findings, recommended solution and conclusion to the research problems is presented. The outcome revealed that deficient credit analysis, as well as any negative economic impact on the country, has always played a major role in the growth of non-performing loans.
This study examined the reasons for non-performing loans in the Nigerian banking industry and the impact the credit bureau has played. The ex-post facto research design was adopted during the course of the study. Data from the Central Bank of Nigeria Statistical Bulletin and Financial Statement of banks for the period 1994-2019 were collated for the time series analysis. The five hypotheses stated were tested using the Ordinary least square regression. Non-performing loans measured by the natural logarithm of aggregate non-performing loans of banks represented the dependent variable, while gross domestic product, inflation rate, total loans and advances, total assets and bank’s lending rate were adopted as the independent variables for the five hypotheses of the study. Macroeconomic variables such as exchange rate, and interest rate were also included as control variables.
The result derived from this study
{"title":"The Impact of Credit Bureau on the Non-Performing Loans Situation in the Nigerian Banking Landscape","authors":"None Samuel Ufom Okon","doi":"10.24940/ijird/2023/v12/i5/may23019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24940/ijird/2023/v12/i5/may23019","url":null,"abstract":"Lending in the Nigerian banking space has continued to evolve over the years. As changes have occurred in the banking system, so has the level of non-performing loans evolved.
 While the growth in non-performing loans has been as a result of various unwholesome practices in the industry, others have been as a result of global economic downturn such as the United States housing bubble in 2007 - 2008 and then the fall in demand and price of crude oil in 2016, caused another round of financial crisis.
 The Nigerian banking landscape has been bedeviled with lots of non-performing loan challenges over the years. The disbursement of credit facilities in the form of advances, loans, and overdrafts by banks to corporate bodies, individuals, private and public entities occupies a critical and strategic position in the economic growth of a nation. To perform this function, Banks muster funds from the nation’s surplus economic unit of the economy.
 This thesis focuses on how the establishment of credit bureau has impacted the growth or otherwise of non-performing loans, lending practices and policies of banks in Nigeria. 
 Collected and analyzed data through primary and secondary sources. Questionnaires were administered to bank officials and the three major credit bureau companies. However, as is the case with questionnaires distributed, some were returned unanswered due to people being reluctant to furnish detailed replies. 
 This study sets out the theoretical background, rationalization and objectives of the study. A lot of literature reviews on lending policies and reviews of credit control in the banking industry were undertaken, the need for efficient loan administration and the causes of non-performing loans in the banking industry. A summary of the findings, recommended solution and conclusion to the research problems is presented. The outcome revealed that deficient credit analysis, as well as any negative economic impact on the country, has always played a major role in the growth of non-performing loans.
 This study examined the reasons for non-performing loans in the Nigerian banking industry and the impact the credit bureau has played. The ex-post facto research design was adopted during the course of the study. Data from the Central Bank of Nigeria Statistical Bulletin and Financial Statement of banks for the period 1994-2019 were collated for the time series analysis. The five hypotheses stated were tested using the Ordinary least square regression. Non-performing loans measured by the natural logarithm of aggregate non-performing loans of banks represented the dependent variable, while gross domestic product, inflation rate, total loans and advances, total assets and bank’s lending rate were adopted as the independent variables for the five hypotheses of the study. Macroeconomic variables such as exchange rate, and interest rate were also included as control variables. 
 The result derived from this study ","PeriodicalId":14101,"journal":{"name":"International journal of innovative research and development","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135525253","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study examines the relationship between Ownership Structure, Audit Quality, and agency cost of Nigerian quoted industrial goods companies. Data from the annual reports of nine (9) selected companies whose data were readily available at the time of the study were included in the sample over a period of eleven years (2011-2021) on audit quality, managerial ownership share, institutional ownership share, administrative expenses ratio, and payout ratio were analyzed. The primary purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between Audit Quality, Ownership Structure and agency cost of quoted Nigerian industrial goods companies. The data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistical techniques, including correlation matrix and fixed panel model regression. The correlation analysis revealed that all variables AER, AUQ, IOS, MOS, and PAR had correlation coefficients that were positive or negative and less than 0.9. Moreover, the results of the Fixed Effect panel model regression indicated that the probability values of the predictors were less than the study's adopted 5% level of significance (p-values 0.05), except for managerial ownership share and institutional ownership share, whose probability values were greater than 5% level of significance (p-values > 0.05). The study concluded that there is a significant relationship between the Audit Quality, Ownership Structure of industrial goods companies and agency costs. As a result, it was suggested that there should be a balance between equity ownership managers and institutional investors to reduce agency costs and that audit quality should be improved by utilizing the Big-4 to reduce asymmetric information by managers and minimize agency conflicts.
{"title":"Audit Quality, Ownership Structure, and Agency Cost in Nigerian Quoted Industrial Goods Firms","authors":"None Dr. Adewumi, Ademola Adeniran, None Omole Ilesanmi Isaac, None Fakunle Isaiah Omotayo","doi":"10.24940/ijird/2023/v12/i5/may23016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24940/ijird/2023/v12/i5/may23016","url":null,"abstract":"This study examines the relationship between Ownership Structure, Audit Quality, and agency cost of Nigerian quoted industrial goods companies. Data from the annual reports of nine (9) selected companies whose data were readily available at the time of the study were included in the sample over a period of eleven years (2011-2021) on audit quality, managerial ownership share, institutional ownership share, administrative expenses ratio, and payout ratio were analyzed. The primary purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between Audit Quality, Ownership Structure and agency cost of quoted Nigerian industrial goods companies. The data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistical techniques, including correlation matrix and fixed panel model regression. The correlation analysis revealed that all variables AER, AUQ, IOS, MOS, and PAR had correlation coefficients that were positive or negative and less than 0.9. Moreover, the results of the Fixed Effect panel model regression indicated that the probability values of the predictors were less than the study's adopted 5% level of significance (p-values 0.05), except for managerial ownership share and institutional ownership share, whose probability values were greater than 5% level of significance (p-values > 0.05). The study concluded that there is a significant relationship between the Audit Quality, Ownership Structure of industrial goods companies and agency costs. As a result, it was suggested that there should be a balance between equity ownership managers and institutional investors to reduce agency costs and that audit quality should be improved by utilizing the Big-4 to reduce asymmetric information by managers and minimize agency conflicts.","PeriodicalId":14101,"journal":{"name":"International journal of innovative research and development","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135671422","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Reproductive health is a right every citizen can enjoy without fear or prejudice. However, in conservative societies, discussing or educating young people on reproductive health is taboo. Lesotho is one such society debilitated by tendencies where openly discussing reproductive health in the home between children and their parents barely exists. This study, therefore, sought to explore the subject matter of reproductive health, demystify it and promote health communication on the issue for a healthier society. The study employed the qualitative approach, interviewing women from the cross-section of society indiscriminately, and presented and analyzed the findings qualitatively.
{"title":"Reproductive Health and the Women of Lesotho: The Challenges","authors":"Tawanda Mukurunge, Senate Rapitse, Takura Bhila","doi":"10.54536/jir.v1i2.1631","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54536/jir.v1i2.1631","url":null,"abstract":"Reproductive health is a right every citizen can enjoy without fear or prejudice. However, in conservative societies, discussing or educating young people on reproductive health is taboo. Lesotho is one such society debilitated by tendencies where openly discussing reproductive health in the home between children and their parents barely exists. This study, therefore, sought to explore the subject matter of reproductive health, demystify it and promote health communication on the issue for a healthier society. The study employed the qualitative approach, interviewing women from the cross-section of society indiscriminately, and presented and analyzed the findings qualitatively.","PeriodicalId":14101,"journal":{"name":"International journal of innovative research and development","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83573242","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-06DOI: 10.24940/ijird/2023/v12/i4/mar23019
Dr. Solomon Maigari Manzuche
The significance of visual and creative arts has been apparent throughout history and across academic disciplines worldwide. Humans have relied on visual and creative arts to make meaningful interpretations and understanding of sophisticated and complex ideas, such as designs for a submarine as part of a series and a sketch of envisioned flying machines by Leonardo da Vinci (1485-1487), a design of cartwheel in BC 45 and several mathematical and chemical formulas; the reading of architectural plans; the mixing of linguistic and pictorial elements, etc. Visual and creative arts, therefore, are the backbone and fundamental medium to be embraced and held in high esteem in explanatory representations of conceptual structures in improving the quality of education for sustainable development in the world communication system of high educational attainment.
{"title":"Improving Quality of Education for Sustainable Development through Visual and Creative Arts World Over","authors":"Dr. Solomon Maigari Manzuche","doi":"10.24940/ijird/2023/v12/i4/mar23019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24940/ijird/2023/v12/i4/mar23019","url":null,"abstract":"The significance of visual and creative arts has been apparent throughout history and across academic disciplines worldwide. Humans have relied on visual and creative arts to make meaningful interpretations and understanding of sophisticated and complex ideas, such as designs for a submarine as part of a series and a sketch of envisioned flying machines by Leonardo da Vinci (1485-1487), a design of cartwheel in BC 45 and several mathematical and chemical formulas; the reading of architectural plans; the mixing of linguistic and pictorial elements, etc. Visual and creative arts, therefore, are the backbone and fundamental medium to be embraced and held in high esteem in explanatory representations of conceptual structures in improving the quality of education for sustainable development in the world communication system of high educational attainment.","PeriodicalId":14101,"journal":{"name":"International journal of innovative research and development","volume":"36 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79522428","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-06DOI: 10.24940/ijird/2023/v12/i5/may23005
None Amissah, B., None Esseku, J. Fiifi, None Teye, V. Q.N., None Agyemfra, K. A., None Opoku, N.
Graphic design is an essential component of visual communication and has a considerable influence on the development of the cultural identities of the nations in which it is practiced. This influence can be seen in the fact that graphic design is an essential component of visual communication. Graphic design plays a vital part in Ghana's cultural legacy and is significantly influenced by various factors, including Ghanaian history, customs, and values. This influence can also be seen in the country's traditional logos. In Ghana, graphic design is considered an art form in its own right. This paper investigates how designers are incorporating elements of Ghanaian culture into their work and how Ghanaian culture has influenced graphic design. Specifically, the study focuses on how designers are incorporating elements of Ghanaian culture into their work.
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