Danjuma Muhammad, Bintu Grema Mustafa, Abdulhalim Musa Abubakar, Alfitouri Ibrahim Jellah, Abbas Mohamed Al-Khudafi, E M Mansour, Mohammed Abdulrahim
This study’s goals were to identify the components of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in soil samples polluted with petroleum and to ascertain how temperature affected the removal of PAHs pollutants from petroleum-contaminated soil. The concentration of contaminants in the soil samples decreased from 46.22-12.07 ppm to 77.01-30.06 ppm at a temperature increase of 20–160°C, as shown by the results of this study, which are also supported by the percentage removal efficiencies of 22.22–79.69% and 32.90–73.81% for samples M and S, respectively. It was further discovered that 160℃ was the ideal temperature range for soil washing to eliminate the pollutants. High removal efficiency values demonstrated the efficacy of the soil washing approach in removing pollutants with high PAH concentrations. This information can help in the creation of more successful and affordable soil remediation techniques.
{"title":"Soil Washing to Eliminate Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons from Petroleum Contaminated Soil - Temperature Effect","authors":"Danjuma Muhammad, Bintu Grema Mustafa, Abdulhalim Musa Abubakar, Alfitouri Ibrahim Jellah, Abbas Mohamed Al-Khudafi, E M Mansour, Mohammed Abdulrahim","doi":"10.54536/jir.v1i3.1547","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54536/jir.v1i3.1547","url":null,"abstract":"This study’s goals were to identify the components of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in soil samples polluted with petroleum and to ascertain how temperature affected the removal of PAHs pollutants from petroleum-contaminated soil. The concentration of contaminants in the soil samples decreased from 46.22-12.07 ppm to 77.01-30.06 ppm at a temperature increase of 20–160°C, as shown by the results of this study, which are also supported by the percentage removal efficiencies of 22.22–79.69% and 32.90–73.81% for samples M and S, respectively. It was further discovered that 160℃ was the ideal temperature range for soil washing to eliminate the pollutants. High removal efficiency values demonstrated the efficacy of the soil washing approach in removing pollutants with high PAH concentrations. This information can help in the creation of more successful and affordable soil remediation techniques.","PeriodicalId":14101,"journal":{"name":"International journal of innovative research and development","volume":"110 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135388614","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-26DOI: 10.24940/ijird/2023/v12/i6/jun23008
None Rebecca Ufuoma Davies
The paper examines the function of nature imagery in literature from an eco-critical viewpoint. It makes the case that nature may be a potent instrument for fostering ecological awareness and responsibility as well as for visualizing more just and sustainable ways for people to engage with the environment. The first section of the paper defines eco-criticism as an interdisciplinary field that was born out of the late 20th-century environmental catastrophe. The use of nature imagery in literature to foster an understanding of ecological interdependence, encourages a sense of location and connection to the environment, and arouses wonder and awe for the natural world is then examined. The study articulates how depictions of nature have been used to support environmental justice and sustainability and criticizes industrialization, urbanization, and the exploitation of natural resources. The paper concludes that natural imagery in literature can help us envision more equitable and sustainable forms of human-environmental interaction and this creative labor is essential for tackling the environmental concerns of our day. It calls for continued attention to nature imagery in literature and integrating eco-critical approaches into literary studies more broadly.
{"title":"Depictions of Nature Imagery in Literature: An Eco-critical Perspective","authors":"None Rebecca Ufuoma Davies","doi":"10.24940/ijird/2023/v12/i6/jun23008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24940/ijird/2023/v12/i6/jun23008","url":null,"abstract":"The paper examines the function of nature imagery in literature from an eco-critical viewpoint. It makes the case that nature may be a potent instrument for fostering ecological awareness and responsibility as well as for visualizing more just and sustainable ways for people to engage with the environment. The first section of the paper defines eco-criticism as an interdisciplinary field that was born out of the late 20th-century environmental catastrophe. The use of nature imagery in literature to foster an understanding of ecological interdependence, encourages a sense of location and connection to the environment, and arouses wonder and awe for the natural world is then examined. The study articulates how depictions of nature have been used to support environmental justice and sustainability and criticizes industrialization, urbanization, and the exploitation of natural resources. The paper concludes that natural imagery in literature can help us envision more equitable and sustainable forms of human-environmental interaction and this creative labor is essential for tackling the environmental concerns of our day. It calls for continued attention to nature imagery in literature and integrating eco-critical approaches into literary studies more broadly.","PeriodicalId":14101,"journal":{"name":"International journal of innovative research and development","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135236256","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-26DOI: 10.24940/ijird/2023/v12/i6/jun23012
None Barbara Nyambura Wambui, None Charles M. Rambo, None Timothy Maitho
This study focused on the extent to which joint decision-making influences the implementation of water projects in Machakos County of Kenya. Accessibility to safe water has been a great challenge not only in Machakos County but to the developing world. The developed world often provides water aid to developing nations to cater to water projects. However, water projects have experienced challenges in providing affordable and sustainable water projects. Machakos County has low rainfall, it lies on the Semi-Arid Areas and multiple projects have been put in place to address water challenges. Despite the multiple water supply projects in Machakos County, problems have continuously emerged. The purpose of this study was to establish the extent to which joint decision-making influence the implementation of water projects in Machakos County of Kenya. The study was anchored on a Pragmatic paradigm and used a descriptive survey research design. The target population for this study was Machakos County water representatives, both staff and community. The research sample was Water Resources Users Association officials, Water Resource Management Authority employees, County Ministry of Water and Irrigation staff, Water Services Trust Fund staff and Tana Athi Water Services Agency Staff, giving a total target population of 572 individuals. The sample size of the study was derived from the various strata by using Krejcie and Morgan table for sample size determination which gave a sample size of 226 participants. The research instruments used included: Questionnaires, Key Informant Interviews, Focus Group discussions, Observation, Document review and Interview guides. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics and inferential statistics. Quantitative data were analysed using frequencies, percentages, mean, standard deviation, composite mean and standard deviation. Qualitative data were analysed by content analysis. This study is significant to policymakers, students, water agency managers and primary stakeholders in the research region. It was concluded that the joint decision influences the implementation of water projects in Machakos County in Kenya.
{"title":"Joint Decision-Making Influence on Implementation of Water Projects in Machakos County of Kenya","authors":"None Barbara Nyambura Wambui, None Charles M. Rambo, None Timothy Maitho","doi":"10.24940/ijird/2023/v12/i6/jun23012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24940/ijird/2023/v12/i6/jun23012","url":null,"abstract":"This study focused on the extent to which joint decision-making influences the implementation of water projects in Machakos County of Kenya. Accessibility to safe water has been a great challenge not only in Machakos County but to the developing world. The developed world often provides water aid to developing nations to cater to water projects. However, water projects have experienced challenges in providing affordable and sustainable water projects. Machakos County has low rainfall, it lies on the Semi-Arid Areas and multiple projects have been put in place to address water challenges. Despite the multiple water supply projects in Machakos County, problems have continuously emerged. The purpose of this study was to establish the extent to which joint decision-making influence the implementation of water projects in Machakos County of Kenya. The study was anchored on a Pragmatic paradigm and used a descriptive survey research design. The target population for this study was Machakos County water representatives, both staff and community. The research sample was Water Resources Users Association officials, Water Resource Management Authority employees, County Ministry of Water and Irrigation staff, Water Services Trust Fund staff and Tana Athi Water Services Agency Staff, giving a total target population of 572 individuals. The sample size of the study was derived from the various strata by using Krejcie and Morgan table for sample size determination which gave a sample size of 226 participants. The research instruments used included: Questionnaires, Key Informant Interviews, Focus Group discussions, Observation, Document review and Interview guides. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics and inferential statistics. Quantitative data were analysed using frequencies, percentages, mean, standard deviation, composite mean and standard deviation. Qualitative data were analysed by content analysis. This study is significant to policymakers, students, water agency managers and primary stakeholders in the research region. It was concluded that the joint decision influences the implementation of water projects in Machakos County in Kenya.","PeriodicalId":14101,"journal":{"name":"International journal of innovative research and development","volume":"173 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135236414","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The study was conducted to produce the status of some wildlife species and determine the threat factors and perceptions of wildlife species in the three (3) ecological zones of Adamawa state. The study tool consists of a structured questionnaire, multi-stage and simple random sampling techniques used for data collection. Descriptive statistics with Kiringe and Okello (2007) model were used for data analysis. Results indicated that 70, 72 and 75 species of wildlife belonging to 36, 38 and 39 families were listed in the Sudan, Northern guinea and Southern guinea savannah zones, respectively. Most of the species in the three zones were either rare, endangered or have gone into local extinction. Only nine (9) species were common in the Sudan savannah zone, eleven (11) in the Northern guinea savannah zone and twenty-two (22) in the Southern guinea savannah zone. There were no abundant species in the three (3) zones. The threat factors which consistently showed the highest prevalent threat index were farming (26.0 - 45.4), hunting (32.2 – 55.4), logging (12.5 - 80) and grazing (11.2 – 17.0). The wildlife habitat susceptibility index was highest in the Sudan savannah zone (100%) but least in the Southern guinea zone (83%). Hunting (0.32 – 0.55), farming (0.26 – 0.45), logging (0.13 – 0.18) and grazing (0.12 – 0.17) consistently showed the highest mean score threat factors in the three zones. Similarly, hunting (0.00033 – 0.00010), farming (0.0023 – 0.00028), logging (0.0009 – 0.00020) and grazing (0.0009 – 0.00013) consistently showed the highest relative threat factors severity index in the three zones. Wildlife species were perceived as something good by the majority of respondents in the three (3) ecological zones. The study recommended the acquisition of skills in areas such as craft making, tailoring, shoe and bag making, motor mechanic, carpentry, mason and modern agricultural practice to prevent the local dwellers from hunting, indiscriminate expansion of agricultural land areas, illegal logging, grazing and wildfires. Policy on population control should be formulated by the government in view of increasing pressure on natural resources, which include wildlife resources. Adequate policy and institutional framework should be put in place for the purpose of management and conservation of wildlife resources at the grass root level. The state government should strengthen its conservation education programmes on the intrinsic value of wildlife to society and stiffer penalties for illegal poachers and hunters to mitigate further illegal harvesting of wildlife.
{"title":"Check List, Status, Threat and Perception of Some Wildlife Species in the Three Ecological Zones of Adamawa State, Nigeria","authors":"None Saidu Ahmed Bode, None Clestus Akosim, None Zakari Buba Yaduma","doi":"10.24940/ijird/2023/v12/i6/sep22014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24940/ijird/2023/v12/i6/sep22014","url":null,"abstract":"The study was conducted to produce the status of some wildlife species and determine the threat factors and perceptions of wildlife species in the three (3) ecological zones of Adamawa state. The study tool consists of a structured questionnaire, multi-stage and simple random sampling techniques used for data collection. Descriptive statistics with Kiringe and Okello (2007) model were used for data analysis. Results indicated that 70, 72 and 75 species of wildlife belonging to 36, 38 and 39 families were listed in the Sudan, Northern guinea and Southern guinea savannah zones, respectively. Most of the species in the three zones were either rare, endangered or have gone into local extinction. Only nine (9) species were common in the Sudan savannah zone, eleven (11) in the Northern guinea savannah zone and twenty-two (22) in the Southern guinea savannah zone. There were no abundant species in the three (3) zones. The threat factors which consistently showed the highest prevalent threat index were farming (26.0 - 45.4), hunting (32.2 – 55.4), logging (12.5 - 80) and grazing (11.2 – 17.0). The wildlife habitat susceptibility index was highest in the Sudan savannah zone (100%) but least in the Southern guinea zone (83%). Hunting (0.32 – 0.55), farming (0.26 – 0.45), logging (0.13 – 0.18) and grazing (0.12 – 0.17) consistently showed the highest mean score threat factors in the three zones. Similarly, hunting (0.00033 – 0.00010), farming (0.0023 – 0.00028), logging (0.0009 – 0.00020) and grazing (0.0009 – 0.00013) consistently showed the highest relative threat factors severity index in the three zones. Wildlife species were perceived as something good by the majority of respondents in the three (3) ecological zones. The study recommended the acquisition of skills in areas such as craft making, tailoring, shoe and bag making, motor mechanic, carpentry, mason and modern agricultural practice to prevent the local dwellers from hunting, indiscriminate expansion of agricultural land areas, illegal logging, grazing and wildfires. Policy on population control should be formulated by the government in view of increasing pressure on natural resources, which include wildlife resources. Adequate policy and institutional framework should be put in place for the purpose of management and conservation of wildlife resources at the grass root level. The state government should strengthen its conservation education programmes on the intrinsic value of wildlife to society and stiffer penalties for illegal poachers and hunters to mitigate further illegal harvesting of wildlife.","PeriodicalId":14101,"journal":{"name":"International journal of innovative research and development","volume":"44 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135236417","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-26DOI: 10.24940/ijird/2023/v12/i6/jun23018
None Douyon Amadou
The central focus of this study was to enhance gender equity in the Malian political and education sector. Since the era of the League of Nations, there has been recognition of women in the political arena, and there has been a cocktail of legal and institutional frameworks for advancing gender equality. However, women are not equally participating in the political landscape and in the key sectors of the economies. Limited participation of women in politics could be responsible for the widespread conflict, unequal opportunities in the education sector, and the absence of development. However, women political leaders have a crucial role to play in building peace and ensuring sustainable development. There were three specific research questions: The first question focused on the significance of women's participation in the Malian political landscape. The second question was on the extent to which limited participation of women in politics affects equality of opportunities in the Malian educational sector. The last question was on the possible options for addressing equity and access challenges in the Malian educational sector. The study was guided by the Socio-Ecological Framework, supported by the Social Perception Theory. A qualitative research approach was applied in carrying out this research. The population comprised institutions in the National Gender Machinery (NGM), which include the Mali National Gender Commission and the Ministries responsible for Women Affairs, Gender and Community Development. The legislative body (Parliament) in Mali, the Women's Coalition, and political parties are also part of the research. Traditional leaders, who are central to the transformation of customary laws, development partners, and non-governmental organisations, and whose focus area is gender and development, were also part of this study. The study used quota and purposive sampling techniques, with data being collected using in-depth interviews. The data were analysed thematically, with the findings presented in line with the research questions. The study showed that the importance of improving the gender balance in senior positions include improvement in performance due to fewer pilferages, access to a wide pool of talent, and improved decision-making. Female leaders take their duties and responsibilities more seriously than men do and can do multiple tasks. Women also bring different perspectives to debates, which were hitherto male domination, and gender balance in senior management improves the quality of decisions. However, because of limited participation, Malian women and girls are among the poorest in the world, and they have the highest rates of illiteracy. Therefore, there is a need to ensure that women are equally represented in the political landscape. Ensuring equal participation of women in politics could be possible if there are changes in terms of the customary laws, legal framework, participation of the local communities, assumption of le
这项研究的中心重点是加强马里政治和教育部门的性别平等。自国际联盟(League of Nations)时代以来，妇女在政治舞台上得到了承认，并出现了一系列促进性别平等的法律和体制框架。但是，妇女没有平等地参与政治和经济的关键部门。妇女参政有限可能是造成广泛冲突、教育部门机会不平等和缺乏发展的原因。然而，妇女政治领导人在建设和平和确保可持续发展方面可发挥关键作用。有三个具体的研究问题:第一个问题侧重于妇女参与马里政治格局的重要性。第二个问题是关于妇女有限的政治参与在多大程度上影响马里教育部门的机会平等。最后一个问题是关于解决马里教育部门公平和机会挑战的可能选择。本研究以社会生态框架为指导，以社会知觉理论为支撑。本研究采用质性研究方法进行。人口由国家性别机制的机构组成，其中包括马里国家性别委员会和负责妇女事务、性别和社区发展的各部。马里的立法机构(议会)、妇女联盟和政党也是研究的一部分。传统领导人是习惯法、发展伙伴和非政府组织转型的核心，他们的重点领域是性别与发展，他们也是这项研究的一部分。该研究采用了配额和有目的的抽样技术，并通过深度访谈收集数据。数据按主题进行分析，结果与研究问题一致。研究表明，在高级职位上改善性别平衡的重要性包括:减少盗窃行为、获得广泛的人才库以及改进决策，从而提高业绩。女性领导者比男性更认真地对待自己的职责和责任，可以同时处理多项任务。妇女还为辩论带来了不同的观点，而辩论迄今为止是由男性主导的，高级管理人员中的性别平衡提高了决策的质量。然而，由于参与有限，马里妇女和女孩是世界上最贫穷的国家之一，她们的文盲率最高。因此，有必要确保妇女在政治领域有平等的代表。如果在习惯法、法律框架、地方社区的参与、妇女担任领导职务和树立妇女榜样等方面作出改变，就有可能确保妇女平等参与政治。如果有教育和能力建设，提出的社会制度变革是可能的。教育和能力建设对于改变人们的思维方式至关重要。
{"title":"The Influence of Culture and Participation of Women in the Malian Political Landscape: Implications for Equal Opportunities in Education","authors":"None Douyon Amadou","doi":"10.24940/ijird/2023/v12/i6/jun23018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24940/ijird/2023/v12/i6/jun23018","url":null,"abstract":"The central focus of this study was to enhance gender equity in the Malian political and education sector. Since the era of the League of Nations, there has been recognition of women in the political arena, and there has been a cocktail of legal and institutional frameworks for advancing gender equality. However, women are not equally participating in the political landscape and in the key sectors of the economies. Limited participation of women in politics could be responsible for the widespread conflict, unequal opportunities in the education sector, and the absence of development. However, women political leaders have a crucial role to play in building peace and ensuring sustainable development. There were three specific research questions: The first question focused on the significance of women's participation in the Malian political landscape. The second question was on the extent to which limited participation of women in politics affects equality of opportunities in the Malian educational sector. The last question was on the possible options for addressing equity and access challenges in the Malian educational sector. The study was guided by the Socio-Ecological Framework, supported by the Social Perception Theory. A qualitative research approach was applied in carrying out this research. The population comprised institutions in the National Gender Machinery (NGM), which include the Mali National Gender Commission and the Ministries responsible for Women Affairs, Gender and Community Development. The legislative body (Parliament) in Mali, the Women's Coalition, and political parties are also part of the research. Traditional leaders, who are central to the transformation of customary laws, development partners, and non-governmental organisations, and whose focus area is gender and development, were also part of this study. The study used quota and purposive sampling techniques, with data being collected using in-depth interviews. The data were analysed thematically, with the findings presented in line with the research questions. The study showed that the importance of improving the gender balance in senior positions include improvement in performance due to fewer pilferages, access to a wide pool of talent, and improved decision-making. Female leaders take their duties and responsibilities more seriously than men do and can do multiple tasks. Women also bring different perspectives to debates, which were hitherto male domination, and gender balance in senior management improves the quality of decisions. However, because of limited participation, Malian women and girls are among the poorest in the world, and they have the highest rates of illiteracy. Therefore, there is a need to ensure that women are equally represented in the political landscape. Ensuring equal participation of women in politics could be possible if there are changes in terms of the customary laws, legal framework, participation of the local communities, assumption of le","PeriodicalId":14101,"journal":{"name":"International journal of innovative research and development","volume":"65 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135236255","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-26DOI: 10.24940/ijird/2023/v12/i6/jun23022
None George Agbenyega Nyagblormase, None Boniface Yaayin, None Ruby Hanson
This study investigated the effectiveness of flipped classrooms in improving pre-service science teachers' performance in kinetic molecular theory of matter. It was carried out at Kibi Presbyterian College of Education in the South Abuakwa Municipality of the Eastern Region of Ghana. A classroom action research design was used for this study. The sample involved 72 Elective Chemistry students in level 200, whose other major subject areas were Mathematics and ICT. The pre-service science teachers in an intact class were chosen using a purposive sampling technique of the non-probability sampling procedure. The study examined the pre-existing knowledge of the students on kinetic molecular theory of matter using a Kinetic Molecular Theory Diagnostic Test. The study further examined the performance of the students after four weeks of intervention on kinetic molecular theory of matter. A post-intervention test (Kinetic Molecular Theory Performance Test) was conducted using a modified version of the diagnostic test. A one-sample t-test conducted showed a significant performance of the students in kinetic molecular theory of matter. The study recommends that tutors at Kibi Presbyterian College of Education should flip their classes to engage learners in more challenging and practical activities during in-class periods.
{"title":"The Effectiveness of Flipped Classroom in Improving Pre-service Science Teachers’ Performance in Kinetic Molecular Theory of Matter","authors":"None George Agbenyega Nyagblormase, None Boniface Yaayin, None Ruby Hanson","doi":"10.24940/ijird/2023/v12/i6/jun23022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24940/ijird/2023/v12/i6/jun23022","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigated the effectiveness of flipped classrooms in improving pre-service science teachers' performance in kinetic molecular theory of matter. It was carried out at Kibi Presbyterian College of Education in the South Abuakwa Municipality of the Eastern Region of Ghana. A classroom action research design was used for this study. The sample involved 72 Elective Chemistry students in level 200, whose other major subject areas were Mathematics and ICT. The pre-service science teachers in an intact class were chosen using a purposive sampling technique of the non-probability sampling procedure. The study examined the pre-existing knowledge of the students on kinetic molecular theory of matter using a Kinetic Molecular Theory Diagnostic Test. The study further examined the performance of the students after four weeks of intervention on kinetic molecular theory of matter. A post-intervention test (Kinetic Molecular Theory Performance Test) was conducted using a modified version of the diagnostic test. A one-sample t-test conducted showed a significant performance of the students in kinetic molecular theory of matter. The study recommends that tutors at Kibi Presbyterian College of Education should flip their classes to engage learners in more challenging and practical activities during in-class periods.","PeriodicalId":14101,"journal":{"name":"International journal of innovative research and development","volume":"44 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135236261","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-26DOI: 10.24940/ijird/2023/v12/i6/jun23001
None Sylvester O. Jemigbeyi, None Patience M. Borbor, None Christbill Fahn
Food insecurity, price volatility and under-employment of rice farmers in Liberia are key drivers for the development of rice farming machines locally. This project work aims to design and fabricate a simple, low-cost, efficient mini rice harvester powered by a solar panel by translating learnt concepts and principles of engineering into a physical and workable rice harvester. A circular blade cutter, DC motor, DC battery and solar cells are the main components deployed on a rod-plate setup. The solar cell taps solar irradiance from the sun and, with the help of a charge controller, recharges a 12V, 35Amp.hour battery. The battery supplies DC current to a DC motor that drives a circular blade cutter during harvesting. The fabricated harvester fulfilled all design objectives and was justifiable on overall financial cost (USD 194.00), ease of use, and ease of reproduction. The performance of the harvester, in terms of smoothness of cut and completion of cut area, was found to be near 100%. However, the harvester field efficiency performance was found to be 30.75% with an aggregated efficiency of % and a payback period of only 71 hours of operation, equivalent to 60,696 sq.m of harvested rice farm. Incessant clogged cutter's surface and harvested stem removal delays, slowdowns as the operator makes turns, switch failures and re-fix delays during field tests are the primary causes of the low field efficiency. With an improved spacing between the blade cutter and the secondary guard, the performance of the harvester is expected to improve significantly. An average noise level of 88.8 decibels was detected during the harvester's operation; advisably, hearing protection earmuffs may be necessary to safely operate the mini harvester on the dailies for 6 hours. Notwithstanding that the effect of moisture content of the rice stalks, as an input parameter, was not considered in the development of the power requirement for the rice cutter, the harvester can be optimized with minimal effort for commercialization and adopted as a Made-In-Liberia invention.
{"title":"Design of a Mini Rice Harvester for Rural and Small Scale Rice Farmers in Tropical and Developing Countries","authors":"None Sylvester O. Jemigbeyi, None Patience M. Borbor, None Christbill Fahn","doi":"10.24940/ijird/2023/v12/i6/jun23001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24940/ijird/2023/v12/i6/jun23001","url":null,"abstract":"Food insecurity, price volatility and under-employment of rice farmers in Liberia are key drivers for the development of rice farming machines locally. This project work aims to design and fabricate a simple, low-cost, efficient mini rice harvester powered by a solar panel by translating learnt concepts and principles of engineering into a physical and workable rice harvester. A circular blade cutter, DC motor, DC battery and solar cells are the main components deployed on a rod-plate setup. The solar cell taps solar irradiance from the sun and, with the help of a charge controller, recharges a 12V, 35Amp.hour battery. The battery supplies DC current to a DC motor that drives a circular blade cutter during harvesting. The fabricated harvester fulfilled all design objectives and was justifiable on overall financial cost (USD 194.00), ease of use, and ease of reproduction. The performance of the harvester, in terms of smoothness of cut and completion of cut area, was found to be near 100%. However, the harvester field efficiency performance was found to be 30.75% with an aggregated efficiency of % and a payback period of only 71 hours of operation, equivalent to 60,696 sq.m of harvested rice farm. Incessant clogged cutter's surface and harvested stem removal delays, slowdowns as the operator makes turns, switch failures and re-fix delays during field tests are the primary causes of the low field efficiency. With an improved spacing between the blade cutter and the secondary guard, the performance of the harvester is expected to improve significantly. An average noise level of 88.8 decibels was detected during the harvester's operation; advisably, hearing protection earmuffs may be necessary to safely operate the mini harvester on the dailies for 6 hours. Notwithstanding that the effect of moisture content of the rice stalks, as an input parameter, was not considered in the development of the power requirement for the rice cutter, the harvester can be optimized with minimal effort for commercialization and adopted as a Made-In-Liberia invention.","PeriodicalId":14101,"journal":{"name":"International journal of innovative research and development","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135236262","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-26DOI: 10.24940/ijird/2023/v12/i6/jun23011
None Lillian Lamptey, None Modesta Efua Gavor
This study looks into challenges custom designers face in constructing garments for unique female figures and the satisfaction derived in terms of fit and comfort by the unique female figures, namely: 'A,' 'V,' 'H' and 'O' body shapes, in the Cape Coast Metropolis, Ghana. A total of 120 participants, comprising 60 custom designers and 60 unique figures, were purposively sampled and data were collected using observational checklists and structured interviews. The study reveals that garment shaping is the most challenging process custom designers face in garment making for unique figures. Unique figures were barely satisfied with the overall garment fit of their custom-made garments. The 'A' body shapes were most displeased, whereas the 'H' body shapes were most pleased with the fit of their custom-made garments. This study observes that custom designers' adjustment methods are not suitable for the shoulders, bust, waist, hip, buttock, thigh and armhole areas of the garment resulting in fit problems for their customers. Also, custom designers are not aware of some garment areas, such as the bust, armhole, sleeve length, waist, hip, thigh and buttock, which give problems to their clients. It is recommended that designers should always be abreast with how to manipulate patterns or incorporate adaptation techniques while cutting out fabric so that garments fit different body types.
{"title":"Designing for Unique Female Figures: A Study in the Cape Coast Metropolis","authors":"None Lillian Lamptey, None Modesta Efua Gavor","doi":"10.24940/ijird/2023/v12/i6/jun23011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24940/ijird/2023/v12/i6/jun23011","url":null,"abstract":"This study looks into challenges custom designers face in constructing garments for unique female figures and the satisfaction derived in terms of fit and comfort by the unique female figures, namely: 'A,' 'V,' 'H' and 'O' body shapes, in the Cape Coast Metropolis, Ghana. A total of 120 participants, comprising 60 custom designers and 60 unique figures, were purposively sampled and data were collected using observational checklists and structured interviews. The study reveals that garment shaping is the most challenging process custom designers face in garment making for unique figures. Unique figures were barely satisfied with the overall garment fit of their custom-made garments. The 'A' body shapes were most displeased, whereas the 'H' body shapes were most pleased with the fit of their custom-made garments. This study observes that custom designers' adjustment methods are not suitable for the shoulders, bust, waist, hip, buttock, thigh and armhole areas of the garment resulting in fit problems for their customers. Also, custom designers are not aware of some garment areas, such as the bust, armhole, sleeve length, waist, hip, thigh and buttock, which give problems to their clients. It is recommended that designers should always be abreast with how to manipulate patterns or incorporate adaptation techniques while cutting out fabric so that garments fit different body types.","PeriodicalId":14101,"journal":{"name":"International journal of innovative research and development","volume":"89 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135236257","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-26DOI: 10.24940/ijird/2023/v12/i6/jun23013
None Dr. Ishaya Ibrahim Bature, None Dr. Godwin Danjuma Amasa
This study aims to carry out an assessment of the Training Facilities for the Implementation of Mechanical Technology Programme in Technical Colleges in Northern Nigeria. The specific objectives were to determine the availability, adequacy and functionality of the facilities in the workshop. A descriptive research design was adopted to reach out to a population of 144 respondents in 24 NBTE-accredited technical colleges in the study area. An NBTE checklist of workshop facilities consisting of 51 items in seven sub-themes was used as an instrument for data collection. The instrument was administered by the researchers and the trained assistants. The data was analyzed using the mean statistic. Results show that the majority of the workshop facilities were available, most of the workshop facilities were inadequate and the majority of the workshop facilities were functioning. It was recommended, among others, that Federal and State Governments should add to their annual budget 5% for the purchase of new and modern workshop facilities. The emphasis in the present dispensation is on the teaching of digital workshop skills to students. It is very vital that digital facilities be supplied adequately to the schools for instruction. Government should involve Non-Governmental Organizations, the Industry and other stakeholders in hosting meetings for workshop skills curriculum development, supply of facilities and drawing future road maps for skills training.
{"title":"Assessment of the Training Facilities for the Implementation of Mechanical Technology Programme in Technical Colleges in Northern Nigeria","authors":"None Dr. Ishaya Ibrahim Bature, None Dr. Godwin Danjuma Amasa","doi":"10.24940/ijird/2023/v12/i6/jun23013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24940/ijird/2023/v12/i6/jun23013","url":null,"abstract":"This study aims to carry out an assessment of the Training Facilities for the Implementation of Mechanical Technology Programme in Technical Colleges in Northern Nigeria. The specific objectives were to determine the availability, adequacy and functionality of the facilities in the workshop. A descriptive research design was adopted to reach out to a population of 144 respondents in 24 NBTE-accredited technical colleges in the study area. An NBTE checklist of workshop facilities consisting of 51 items in seven sub-themes was used as an instrument for data collection. The instrument was administered by the researchers and the trained assistants. The data was analyzed using the mean statistic. Results show that the majority of the workshop facilities were available, most of the workshop facilities were inadequate and the majority of the workshop facilities were functioning. It was recommended, among others, that Federal and State Governments should add to their annual budget 5% for the purchase of new and modern workshop facilities. The emphasis in the present dispensation is on the teaching of digital workshop skills to students. It is very vital that digital facilities be supplied adequately to the schools for instruction. Government should involve Non-Governmental Organizations, the Industry and other stakeholders in hosting meetings for workshop skills curriculum development, supply of facilities and drawing future road maps for skills training.","PeriodicalId":14101,"journal":{"name":"International journal of innovative research and development","volume":"169 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135236254","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The study evaluated management options for the sustainable conservation of wildlife species and factors that will actualize the Successful Implementation of the Options in the three ecological zones in Adamawa state. The study tool consists of a structured questionnaire, multi-stage and simple random sampling techniques employed for data collection. Descriptive statistics and multiple linear regressions were used for data analysis. Results indicated that management options identified included captive breeding and domestication, safari and zoo, community forestry, hunting reserve, game reserve, game ranching and National park. Regression analysis between management options and factors that will ensure their success in the ecological zones (land availability, government policies and legislation, awareness of values of wildlife conservation, willingness to support wildlife conservation/attitude and willingness to contribute financially to wildlife conservation) revealed that land availability (p<0.01), willingness to contribute financially to wildlife conservation (p<0.01) and willingness to support wildlife conservation/attitude (p<0.04) were the critical factors among others required to actualize the management options in the study area. The study recommended that government should encourage integrated efforts among local governments, non-governmental organizations and local communities to ensure the implementation and success of the management options. The government and private organizations should provide loans to enable farmers to practice wildlife domestication. Local institutions (Village heads and councils) should be empowered to enforce customary laws that are targeted towards protection, conservation and the practice of wildlife domestication. Government should establish training centers for wildlife domestication. Finally, the government should enact laws that will encourage the conservation and domestication of wildlife species.
{"title":"Conservation Options for Sustainable Management of Wildlife Species in the Three Ecological Zones of Adamawa State, Nigeria","authors":"None Saidu Ahmed Bode, None Clestus Akosim, None Zakari Buba Yaduma","doi":"10.24940/ijird/2023/v12/i6/sep22013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24940/ijird/2023/v12/i6/sep22013","url":null,"abstract":"The study evaluated management options for the sustainable conservation of wildlife species and factors that will actualize the Successful Implementation of the Options in the three ecological zones in Adamawa state. The study tool consists of a structured questionnaire, multi-stage and simple random sampling techniques employed for data collection. Descriptive statistics and multiple linear regressions were used for data analysis. Results indicated that management options identified included captive breeding and domestication, safari and zoo, community forestry, hunting reserve, game reserve, game ranching and National park. Regression analysis between management options and factors that will ensure their success in the ecological zones (land availability, government policies and legislation, awareness of values of wildlife conservation, willingness to support wildlife conservation/attitude and willingness to contribute financially to wildlife conservation) revealed that land availability (p<0.01), willingness to contribute financially to wildlife conservation (p<0.01) and willingness to support wildlife conservation/attitude (p<0.04) were the critical factors among others required to actualize the management options in the study area. The study recommended that government should encourage integrated efforts among local governments, non-governmental organizations and local communities to ensure the implementation and success of the management options. The government and private organizations should provide loans to enable farmers to practice wildlife domestication. Local institutions (Village heads and councils) should be empowered to enforce customary laws that are targeted towards protection, conservation and the practice of wildlife domestication. Government should establish training centers for wildlife domestication. Finally, the government should enact laws that will encourage the conservation and domestication of wildlife species.","PeriodicalId":14101,"journal":{"name":"International journal of innovative research and development","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135236259","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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