Pub Date : 2006-05-08DOI: 10.1109/ISEE.2006.1650084
Hai-Yong Kang, J. Schoenung
The objectives of the present study are to estimate future quantities of electronic waste (e-waste), and to the estimate the total cost for e-waste recycling in California. To generate estimates, we used a time-series materials flow analysis model (MFAM). The model estimates future e-waste quantities by modeling the stages of production, usage, and disposal. We consider four scenarios for the estimation of future e-waste generation. To calculate cost for recycling, we used technical cost modeling (TCM). The results of the present research indicate that the outflow (recycling) amount of central processing units (CPUs) will increase and will reach approximately 8.5 million units per year in 2013, but the outflow (recycling) of cathode ray tube (CRT) monitors will decrease from 2004 in California. After the State of California enacted the ban on landfill disposal of e-waste, recycling became the most common end-of-life (EOL) option in California. Also, after 2005, the State of California will need more than 60 average-sized materials recovery facilities (MRFs) to recycle the number of personal computer systems generated
{"title":"End-of-Life Personal Computer Systems in California: Analysis of Emissions and Infrastructure Needed to Recycle in the Future","authors":"Hai-Yong Kang, J. Schoenung","doi":"10.1109/ISEE.2006.1650084","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISEE.2006.1650084","url":null,"abstract":"The objectives of the present study are to estimate future quantities of electronic waste (e-waste), and to the estimate the total cost for e-waste recycling in California. To generate estimates, we used a time-series materials flow analysis model (MFAM). The model estimates future e-waste quantities by modeling the stages of production, usage, and disposal. We consider four scenarios for the estimation of future e-waste generation. To calculate cost for recycling, we used technical cost modeling (TCM). The results of the present research indicate that the outflow (recycling) amount of central processing units (CPUs) will increase and will reach approximately 8.5 million units per year in 2013, but the outflow (recycling) of cathode ray tube (CRT) monitors will decrease from 2004 in California. After the State of California enacted the ban on landfill disposal of e-waste, recycling became the most common end-of-life (EOL) option in California. Also, after 2005, the State of California will need more than 60 average-sized materials recovery facilities (MRFs) to recycle the number of personal computer systems generated","PeriodicalId":141255,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2006 IEEE International Symposium on Electronics and the Environment, 2006.","volume":"327 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114796614","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2006-05-08DOI: 10.1109/ISEE.2006.1650063
Hongchao Zhang, X. Ouyang, A. Abadi
Delaminating and separation of obsolete printed circuit board (PCB) is essential for its recycling. This paper presents an alternative environmentally benign process method for PCB recycling. Applying the solvent system, e.g. carbon dioxide and water under certain pressure and temperature, the PCB scraps could be delaminated easily. The separation of PCB into copper foil, glass fiber and polymer will be beneficial for further PCB recycling. The fundamental experiment mechanism is based on the polymer physics and polymerization. When the process temperature is raised above the polymer glass transition temperature Tg, polymer would be decomposed, which caused the main bonding force among PCB layers greatly reduced. Base on this principle several different processing circumstances were explored, including supercritical carbon dioxide; binary solvent system of CO2 and H2O; trinary solvent system of CO2, H2O and CH3CH 2OH. The experiment facilities were set up and the input & output parameters were defined to evaluate the PCB delaminating result. Utility functions were developed to optimize the process conditions. The recommendations for future study are illustrated at the end of this paper
{"title":"An Environmentally Benign Process Model Development for Printed Circuit Board Recycling","authors":"Hongchao Zhang, X. Ouyang, A. Abadi","doi":"10.1109/ISEE.2006.1650063","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISEE.2006.1650063","url":null,"abstract":"Delaminating and separation of obsolete printed circuit board (PCB) is essential for its recycling. This paper presents an alternative environmentally benign process method for PCB recycling. Applying the solvent system, e.g. carbon dioxide and water under certain pressure and temperature, the PCB scraps could be delaminated easily. The separation of PCB into copper foil, glass fiber and polymer will be beneficial for further PCB recycling. The fundamental experiment mechanism is based on the polymer physics and polymerization. When the process temperature is raised above the polymer glass transition temperature Tg, polymer would be decomposed, which caused the main bonding force among PCB layers greatly reduced. Base on this principle several different processing circumstances were explored, including supercritical carbon dioxide; binary solvent system of CO2 and H2O; trinary solvent system of CO2, H2O and CH3CH 2OH. The experiment facilities were set up and the input & output parameters were defined to evaluate the PCB delaminating result. Utility functions were developed to optimize the process conditions. The recommendations for future study are illustrated at the end of this paper","PeriodicalId":141255,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2006 IEEE International Symposium on Electronics and the Environment, 2006.","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129168429","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2006-05-08DOI: 10.1109/ISEE.2006.1650076
Jeehye Park, Haemyung Ok, Kyounghoon Cha, Tak Hur
This study discusses how to stimulate the development of the eco-efficiency assessments in the Korean electronics industry. It surveyed best practices related to the eco-efficiency assessment and communication around the world. The applicability and usefulness of eco-efficiency assessments was tested through discussions with the Korean electronics industry. The semi-structured interviews with corporate managers revealed that an eco-efficiency has an appeal for the companies as a philosophical concept denoted as "doing more with less", while a lot of effort need to be made to get companies to actually initiate eco-efficiency assessments. There is an urgent need to increase the simplicity in the eco-efficiency assessment framework and to clarify its implications to the business operation. In addition, the role of the government related to capacity building is very important
{"title":"Tackling Challenges in Measuring and Communicating Eco-efficiency","authors":"Jeehye Park, Haemyung Ok, Kyounghoon Cha, Tak Hur","doi":"10.1109/ISEE.2006.1650076","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISEE.2006.1650076","url":null,"abstract":"This study discusses how to stimulate the development of the eco-efficiency assessments in the Korean electronics industry. It surveyed best practices related to the eco-efficiency assessment and communication around the world. The applicability and usefulness of eco-efficiency assessments was tested through discussions with the Korean electronics industry. The semi-structured interviews with corporate managers revealed that an eco-efficiency has an appeal for the companies as a philosophical concept denoted as \"doing more with less\", while a lot of effort need to be made to get companies to actually initiate eco-efficiency assessments. There is an urgent need to increase the simplicity in the eco-efficiency assessment framework and to clarify its implications to the business operation. In addition, the role of the government related to capacity building is very important","PeriodicalId":141255,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2006 IEEE International Symposium on Electronics and the Environment, 2006.","volume":"53 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131230995","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2006-05-08DOI: 10.1109/ISEE.2006.1650068
B. Willems, J. Duflou
To make disassembly cost-efficient, one-to-many fasteners are needed. These fasteners use advanced materials or structures as a catalyst for disassembly, allowing multiple assemblies to separate simultaneously after exposure to specific external triggering conditions. Using topology optimization this paper explores a systematic development strategy for structure based one-to-many disassembly concepts
{"title":"Systematic development strategy for structure based one-to-many disassembly concepts","authors":"B. Willems, J. Duflou","doi":"10.1109/ISEE.2006.1650068","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISEE.2006.1650068","url":null,"abstract":"To make disassembly cost-efficient, one-to-many fasteners are needed. These fasteners use advanced materials or structures as a catalyst for disassembly, allowing multiple assemblies to separate simultaneously after exposure to specific external triggering conditions. Using topology optimization this paper explores a systematic development strategy for structure based one-to-many disassembly concepts","PeriodicalId":141255,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2006 IEEE International Symposium on Electronics and the Environment, 2006.","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132543556","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2006-05-08DOI: 10.1109/ISEE.2006.1650091
Huan Song, S. Liman, Hongchao Zhang, A. Abadi
This paper proposes a quantitative reverse logistics system model and an application example on electronic products. An interactive heuristics algorithm is presented to solve the multi-objective optimization problems of the proposed reverse logistics system model. Reverse logistics systems no longer are confined to one-way product flows from manufacturers to consumers, but also deal with flows in the opposite direction. Environmental issues are considered in reverse logistics. Companies cannot avoid the responsibility of their pollution to the environment. Reverse logistics is the ideal selection and could provide a solution to the management problem of electronic product wastes and help to lower economic cost and improve environmental performance of the business. This research studies optimization decisions and constraints required by analyzing the reverse logistic model. A multi-objective optimization method is used in this research, since the optimization decision problems of the proposed reverse logistics model always have multiple objectives. Product manufacturing, distribution, returning, recycling, and other general activities through the reverse logistics system are discussed and modeled. A life cycle assessment method (Eco-indicator 99) is also developed to integrate environmental impacts into optimization processes
{"title":"A Quantitative Reverse Logistics Model and Waste Application for Electronic Products","authors":"Huan Song, S. Liman, Hongchao Zhang, A. Abadi","doi":"10.1109/ISEE.2006.1650091","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISEE.2006.1650091","url":null,"abstract":"This paper proposes a quantitative reverse logistics system model and an application example on electronic products. An interactive heuristics algorithm is presented to solve the multi-objective optimization problems of the proposed reverse logistics system model. Reverse logistics systems no longer are confined to one-way product flows from manufacturers to consumers, but also deal with flows in the opposite direction. Environmental issues are considered in reverse logistics. Companies cannot avoid the responsibility of their pollution to the environment. Reverse logistics is the ideal selection and could provide a solution to the management problem of electronic product wastes and help to lower economic cost and improve environmental performance of the business. This research studies optimization decisions and constraints required by analyzing the reverse logistic model. A multi-objective optimization method is used in this research, since the optimization decision problems of the proposed reverse logistics model always have multiple objectives. Product manufacturing, distribution, returning, recycling, and other general activities through the reverse logistics system are discussed and modeled. A life cycle assessment method (Eco-indicator 99) is also developed to integrate environmental impacts into optimization processes","PeriodicalId":141255,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2006 IEEE International Symposium on Electronics and the Environment, 2006.","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116704759","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2006-05-08DOI: 10.1109/ISEE.2006.1650087
Junbeum Kim, B. Allenby, Hee-Chul Park, K. Kim, Sung-Il Yeon, Kwanglim Choi
Many electrical and electronic manufacturing companies have started to look more intensively at the recycling rate and cost. The main purpose of this research is to ensure the products competitiveness by recycling cost reduction, to meet the international recycling regulation related with product recycling. The focus of this paper is evaluated the recycling /recovery rate and recycling cost of vacuum cleaner according to treatment process of general recycling center and guiding principle in EU WEEE Annex II. Additionally, we compared with competitive company's same capacity product. With these results, we tried to find a weak point and an improvement point
{"title":"Improvement Plan of Recycling rate of the Electronic & Electrical Equipment with Considering of Economics; Case study of Vacuum Cleaner","authors":"Junbeum Kim, B. Allenby, Hee-Chul Park, K. Kim, Sung-Il Yeon, Kwanglim Choi","doi":"10.1109/ISEE.2006.1650087","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISEE.2006.1650087","url":null,"abstract":"Many electrical and electronic manufacturing companies have started to look more intensively at the recycling rate and cost. The main purpose of this research is to ensure the products competitiveness by recycling cost reduction, to meet the international recycling regulation related with product recycling. The focus of this paper is evaluated the recycling /recovery rate and recycling cost of vacuum cleaner according to treatment process of general recycling center and guiding principle in EU WEEE Annex II. Additionally, we compared with competitive company's same capacity product. With these results, we tried to find a weak point and an improvement point","PeriodicalId":141255,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2006 IEEE International Symposium on Electronics and the Environment, 2006.","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130932660","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2006-05-08DOI: 10.1109/ISEE.2006.1650085
Hyunmyung Yoon, Y. Jang
In Korea, generation of electronic waste (e-waste) has increased rapidly over the past decade. E-waste recycling can be one of the greatest economic profits for the recycling industry. However, the stream of e-waste must be dealt with special attention because of toxic materials contained in it, which can adversely affect the environment and human beings if managed improperly. This paper presents an overview of the current recycling and management practices of e-waste in Korea. The generation rates, regulations, collection systems, and recycling practices of e-waste have been discussed with emphasis on extended producer responsibility (EPR), which was introduced in 2003. Suggestions and future challenges are made in order to deal with potential problems associated with e-waste recycling and management in Korea
{"title":"The Practice and Challenges of Electronic Waste Recycling in Korea with Emphasis on Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR)","authors":"Hyunmyung Yoon, Y. Jang","doi":"10.1109/ISEE.2006.1650085","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISEE.2006.1650085","url":null,"abstract":"In Korea, generation of electronic waste (e-waste) has increased rapidly over the past decade. E-waste recycling can be one of the greatest economic profits for the recycling industry. However, the stream of e-waste must be dealt with special attention because of toxic materials contained in it, which can adversely affect the environment and human beings if managed improperly. This paper presents an overview of the current recycling and management practices of e-waste in Korea. The generation rates, regulations, collection systems, and recycling practices of e-waste have been discussed with emphasis on extended producer responsibility (EPR), which was introduced in 2003. Suggestions and future challenges are made in order to deal with potential problems associated with e-waste recycling and management in Korea","PeriodicalId":141255,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2006 IEEE International Symposium on Electronics and the Environment, 2006.","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130997318","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2006-05-08DOI: 10.1109/ISEE.2006.1650055
E. Williams, S. Matthews, M. Breton, T. Brady
Energy use in homes represents 21% of US total energy demand in 2004. Managing this sector is an important priority for addressing global warming, conserving resources and improving energy security. Much energy is wasted in delivering energy services not actually used by residents. Two examples include heating/cooling and lighting of unoccupied houses and rooms, and overheating or overcooling to make up for temperature variations. IT-enabled monitoring and control technologies have played an important role in eliminating similar kinds of inefficiencies in other sectors, so it is natural to think that these systems could have an important role in the home as well. The technology level of energy control in most homes is at least 20 years old, with simple programmable thermostats still in only about a quarter of US homes. Networked thermostats, power meters and switches, and zone heating are technologies that can provide information on energy use and allow it to be controlled for distribution only when needed. In addition to direct energy savings, there is also a demand to reduce indirect needs for energy infrastructure through peak shifting, or redistributing of electricity demand more evenly throughout the day. In addition to surveying these energy management issues, this article also relates the experience of a pilot project setting up monitoring/control systems in three Sacramento homes. The design specifications of these systems combine capabilities for Web-based monitoring and control and peak shifting via pre-cooling, and load shedding. The pilot has shown that such a monitoring and control system satisfying the design parameters can be implemented via mainly off-the-shelf parts. Much work remains to be done however, to develop low-cost user friendly systems attractive to typical homeowners
{"title":"Use of a Computer-Based System to Measure and Manage Energy Consumption in the Home","authors":"E. Williams, S. Matthews, M. Breton, T. Brady","doi":"10.1109/ISEE.2006.1650055","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISEE.2006.1650055","url":null,"abstract":"Energy use in homes represents 21% of US total energy demand in 2004. Managing this sector is an important priority for addressing global warming, conserving resources and improving energy security. Much energy is wasted in delivering energy services not actually used by residents. Two examples include heating/cooling and lighting of unoccupied houses and rooms, and overheating or overcooling to make up for temperature variations. IT-enabled monitoring and control technologies have played an important role in eliminating similar kinds of inefficiencies in other sectors, so it is natural to think that these systems could have an important role in the home as well. The technology level of energy control in most homes is at least 20 years old, with simple programmable thermostats still in only about a quarter of US homes. Networked thermostats, power meters and switches, and zone heating are technologies that can provide information on energy use and allow it to be controlled for distribution only when needed. In addition to direct energy savings, there is also a demand to reduce indirect needs for energy infrastructure through peak shifting, or redistributing of electricity demand more evenly throughout the day. In addition to surveying these energy management issues, this article also relates the experience of a pilot project setting up monitoring/control systems in three Sacramento homes. The design specifications of these systems combine capabilities for Web-based monitoring and control and peak shifting via pre-cooling, and load shedding. The pilot has shown that such a monitoring and control system satisfying the design parameters can be implemented via mainly off-the-shelf parts. Much work remains to be done however, to develop low-cost user friendly systems attractive to typical homeowners","PeriodicalId":141255,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2006 IEEE International Symposium on Electronics and the Environment, 2006.","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125847218","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2006-05-08DOI: 10.1109/ISEE.2006.1650029
A. Allenby
The industrial revolution and associated economic, demographic, technological and cultural changes have resulted in what many scientists are beginning to refer to as "the anthropocene" - roughly translated, the age of humans. Part of the social response to this development is increasing concern about fundamental technological systems, including information and communication technologies ("ICT") and ICT infrastructure. While individual engineering decisions are governed by a clear set of professional ethics, many of the questions raised about ICT systems, such as the effect of the Internet on adolescents or the existence and meaning of the "digital divide" between rich and poor, arise at levels of the systems which are not addressed by codes of ethics that govern individual behavior. Accordingly, there is a need to develop the capability for "macroethics," or ethical systems that address issues arising from the high level emergent behaviors exhibited by these complex ICT systems
{"title":"Ethical Systems in an Age of Accelerating Technological Evolution","authors":"A. Allenby","doi":"10.1109/ISEE.2006.1650029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISEE.2006.1650029","url":null,"abstract":"The industrial revolution and associated economic, demographic, technological and cultural changes have resulted in what many scientists are beginning to refer to as \"the anthropocene\" - roughly translated, the age of humans. Part of the social response to this development is increasing concern about fundamental technological systems, including information and communication technologies (\"ICT\") and ICT infrastructure. While individual engineering decisions are governed by a clear set of professional ethics, many of the questions raised about ICT systems, such as the effect of the Internet on adolescents or the existence and meaning of the \"digital divide\" between rich and poor, arise at levels of the systems which are not addressed by codes of ethics that govern individual behavior. Accordingly, there is a need to develop the capability for \"macroethics,\" or ethical systems that address issues arising from the high level emergent behaviors exhibited by these complex ICT systems","PeriodicalId":141255,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2006 IEEE International Symposium on Electronics and the Environment, 2006.","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134139672","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2006-05-08DOI: 10.1109/ISEE.2006.1650052
Hilary Nixon, J. Saphores, O. Ogunseitan, J. Lincoln, A. A. Shapiro
Consumer electronic devices (CEDs) contain toxic materials including heavy metals and brominated flame retardants that can pose a threat to public and environmental health if improperly disposed. Recent legislation enacted in the European Union and introduced in California bans the sale of CEDs containing these toxics. As a result, manufacturers need to change the design of their products to reduce the environmental impact, yet little is known about consumer willingness to pay for these "green" products. We estimate willingness to pay higher prices for environmentally friendly desktop computers by California households and find that most are willing to pay only 1% higher retail prices for "green" PCs. Other key demographic characteristics include age, income, and education. Environmental attitudes and beliefs are also important
{"title":"Californian Households - Willingness to Pay for Green PCs","authors":"Hilary Nixon, J. Saphores, O. Ogunseitan, J. Lincoln, A. A. Shapiro","doi":"10.1109/ISEE.2006.1650052","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISEE.2006.1650052","url":null,"abstract":"Consumer electronic devices (CEDs) contain toxic materials including heavy metals and brominated flame retardants that can pose a threat to public and environmental health if improperly disposed. Recent legislation enacted in the European Union and introduced in California bans the sale of CEDs containing these toxics. As a result, manufacturers need to change the design of their products to reduce the environmental impact, yet little is known about consumer willingness to pay for these \"green\" products. We estimate willingness to pay higher prices for environmentally friendly desktop computers by California households and find that most are willing to pay only 1% higher retail prices for \"green\" PCs. Other key demographic characteristics include age, income, and education. Environmental attitudes and beliefs are also important","PeriodicalId":141255,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2006 IEEE International Symposium on Electronics and the Environment, 2006.","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132861436","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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