Abstract Aim of this research work was to explore the anti-diabetic activity and acute toxicity of Annona squamosa L. leaves ethanolic extract in albino rats and mice respectively. Diabetes was induced by Alloxan (120 mg/kg). Seven rats were taken in each group. Glibenclaimide (0.25 mg/kg) was taken as the standard drug. A. squamosa was administered orally in 100mg, 200mg and 400mg doses in three different groups of diabetes- induced rats. A. squamosa leaves extracts were found to have significant anti-diabetic activity. Acute toxicity study was carried out on administration of 800mg/kg, 1600mg/kg and 5000 mg/kg body weight. No acute toxicity was observed at 800mg/kg and 1600mg/kg doses. At 5000mg/kg body weight dose 100% fatality was recorded within 24 hours. Our research work revealed the safe and effective anti-diabetic activity of Annona squamosa ethanolic leaves extract.
{"title":"Anti-diabetic and acute toxicity studies of Annona squamosa L. ethanolic leaves extract.","authors":"F. Saeed, M. Ahmad","doi":"10.5138/09750185.2182","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5138/09750185.2182","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Aim of this research work was to explore the anti-diabetic activity and acute toxicity of Annona squamosa L. leaves ethanolic extract in albino rats and mice respectively. Diabetes was induced by Alloxan (120 mg/kg). Seven rats were taken in each group. Glibenclaimide (0.25 mg/kg) was taken as the standard drug. A. squamosa was administered orally in 100mg, 200mg and 400mg doses in three different groups of diabetes- induced rats. A. squamosa leaves extracts were found to have significant anti-diabetic activity. Acute toxicity study was carried out on administration of 800mg/kg, 1600mg/kg and 5000 mg/kg body weight. No acute toxicity was observed at 800mg/kg and 1600mg/kg doses. At 5000mg/kg body weight dose 100% fatality was recorded within 24 hours. Our research work revealed the safe and effective anti-diabetic activity of Annona squamosa ethanolic leaves extract.","PeriodicalId":14199,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Phytomedicine","volume":"153 1","pages":"642-647"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76847808","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Centella asiatica also known as mandukparni or Indian pennywort or jalbrahmi , which has been used as a medicine in the Ayurveda from ancient times and mentioned in many classical texts of Ayurveda. Centella asiatica has long been used to improve memory and cognitive function. The study aimed to identify the phytochemicals present in different solvent extracts of Centella asiatica (i.e. PECA- Petroleum ether extract of C. asiatica, CCA- Chloroform extract of C. asiatica, EACA- Ethyl acetate extract of C. asiatica, ECA- Ethanolic extract of C. asiatica, HACA- Hydro-alcoholic extract of C. asiatica ) and evaluate the respective in-vitro antioxidant potentials. The phytochemical screening of extracts was done with standardized procedures and the antioxidant potential of different solvent extracts of Centella asiatica was assessed by its free radical scavenging activity 2, 2-diphenyl -1- picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) as well as hydrogen peroxide scavenging assay respectively for reducing capability. In all different solvent extracts of C. asiatica revealed excellent free radical scavenging activity as revealed by 2-2- diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) assay with EC 50 values for ECA=128.752±1.85 μg/ml, HACA=274.884±1.21 μg/ml and hydrogen peroxide assay against the standard (Butylated hydroxytoluene) BHT, with the EC 50 values ECA=429.69±0.92 μg/ml HACA=458.08±0.58 μg/ml while rest solvent extracts shown very less antioxidant activity. The present study indicates that the Centella asiatica extracts have good antioxidant activity which can be used in stress and anxiety and also a good source to be used as natural drugs.
{"title":"Phytochemical screening and In-vitro antioxidant activity of Centella asiatica extracts","authors":"M. Yadav, S. Singh, J. Tripathi, Y. Tripathi","doi":"10.5138/09750185.2123","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5138/09750185.2123","url":null,"abstract":"Centella asiatica also known as mandukparni or Indian pennywort or jalbrahmi , which has been used as a medicine in the Ayurveda from ancient times and mentioned in many classical texts of Ayurveda. Centella asiatica has long been used to improve memory and cognitive function. The study aimed to identify the phytochemicals present in different solvent extracts of Centella asiatica (i.e. PECA- Petroleum ether extract of C. asiatica, CCA- Chloroform extract of C. asiatica, EACA- Ethyl acetate extract of C. asiatica, ECA- Ethanolic extract of C. asiatica, HACA- Hydro-alcoholic extract of C. asiatica ) and evaluate the respective in-vitro antioxidant potentials. The phytochemical screening of extracts was done with standardized procedures and the antioxidant potential of different solvent extracts of Centella asiatica was assessed by its free radical scavenging activity 2, 2-diphenyl -1- picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) as well as hydrogen peroxide scavenging assay respectively for reducing capability. In all different solvent extracts of C. asiatica revealed excellent free radical scavenging activity as revealed by 2-2- diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) assay with EC 50 values for ECA=128.752±1.85 μg/ml, HACA=274.884±1.21 μg/ml and hydrogen peroxide assay against the standard (Butylated hydroxytoluene) BHT, with the EC 50 values ECA=429.69±0.92 μg/ml HACA=458.08±0.58 μg/ml while rest solvent extracts shown very less antioxidant activity. The present study indicates that the Centella asiatica extracts have good antioxidant activity which can be used in stress and anxiety and also a good source to be used as natural drugs.","PeriodicalId":14199,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Phytomedicine","volume":"12 1","pages":"615-618"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81640426","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Prashith Kekuda Tr, Dunkana Negussa Kenie, Chetan Dm, R. L. Hallur
Objectives : The present study was conducted to evaluate antimicrobial, insecticidal and radical scavenging activity of leaf extract of Hydnocarpus pentandra (Buch.-Ham.) Oken belonging to the family Achariaceae. Methods : Extraction process of shade dried and powdered leaf was carried out by maceration technique. Extract was screened for phytochemicals by standard tests. Antibacterial and antifungal activity of leaf extract was determined by Agar well diffusion and Poisoned food technique respectively. Antiradical activity of leaf extract was evaluated by two in vitro assays namely 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2-azinobis 3-ethylbenzothiazoline 6-sulfonate (ABTS) free radical scavenging assays. Insecticidal activity of leaf extract was determined against II instar and IV instar larvae of Aedes aegypti . Results : Preliminary phytochemical analysis showed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, saponins, glycosides, triterpenes and steroids in the leaf extract. Leaf extract exhibited marked inhibitory activity against Gram positive bacteria when compared to Gram negative bacteria. Bacillus cereus (zone of inhibition 1.86±0.05cm) and Escherichia coli (zone of inhibition 1.06±0.05cm) were inhibited to highest and least extent respectively. Extract was effective in inhibiting mycelial growth of seed-borne fungi. Among fungi, the susceptibility to extract was in the order: Curvularia sp. (53.64% inhibition) > Fusarium sp. (45.81% inhibition) > Alternaria sp. (35.08% inhibition). The extract exhibited concentration dependent larvicidal activity with marked activity being observed against II instar larvae (LC 50 value 0.79mg/ml) when compared to IV instar larvae (LC 50 value 1.37mg/ml). Leaf extract scavenged DPPH and ABTS radicals dose dependently with an IC 50 value of 13.91µg/ml and 6.03µg/ml respectively. Conclusions : The plant is shown to be an important source of bioactive agents. The observed bioactivities could be attributed to the phytochemicals present in the leaf extract. Further studies on characterization and bioactivity determination of isolated components from leaf extract are to be carried out.
{"title":"Phytochemical analysis, Antimicrobial, insecticidal and antiradical activity of Hydnocarpus pentandra (Buch.-Ham.) Oken","authors":"Prashith Kekuda Tr, Dunkana Negussa Kenie, Chetan Dm, R. L. Hallur","doi":"10.5138/09750185.2163","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5138/09750185.2163","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives : The present study was conducted to evaluate antimicrobial, insecticidal and radical scavenging activity of leaf extract of Hydnocarpus pentandra (Buch.-Ham.) Oken belonging to the family Achariaceae. Methods : Extraction process of shade dried and powdered leaf was carried out by maceration technique. Extract was screened for phytochemicals by standard tests. Antibacterial and antifungal activity of leaf extract was determined by Agar well diffusion and Poisoned food technique respectively. Antiradical activity of leaf extract was evaluated by two in vitro assays namely 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2-azinobis 3-ethylbenzothiazoline 6-sulfonate (ABTS) free radical scavenging assays. Insecticidal activity of leaf extract was determined against II instar and IV instar larvae of Aedes aegypti . Results : Preliminary phytochemical analysis showed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, saponins, glycosides, triterpenes and steroids in the leaf extract. Leaf extract exhibited marked inhibitory activity against Gram positive bacteria when compared to Gram negative bacteria. Bacillus cereus (zone of inhibition 1.86±0.05cm) and Escherichia coli (zone of inhibition 1.06±0.05cm) were inhibited to highest and least extent respectively. Extract was effective in inhibiting mycelial growth of seed-borne fungi. Among fungi, the susceptibility to extract was in the order: Curvularia sp. (53.64% inhibition) > Fusarium sp. (45.81% inhibition) > Alternaria sp. (35.08% inhibition). The extract exhibited concentration dependent larvicidal activity with marked activity being observed against II instar larvae (LC 50 value 0.79mg/ml) when compared to IV instar larvae (LC 50 value 1.37mg/ml). Leaf extract scavenged DPPH and ABTS radicals dose dependently with an IC 50 value of 13.91µg/ml and 6.03µg/ml respectively. Conclusions : The plant is shown to be an important source of bioactive agents. The observed bioactivities could be attributed to the phytochemicals present in the leaf extract. Further studies on characterization and bioactivity determination of isolated components from leaf extract are to be carried out.","PeriodicalId":14199,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Phytomedicine","volume":"1 1","pages":"576-583"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82723243","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kanthesh M. Basalingappa, Kavitharaj, Avinash Ko, Kumar, M. Karthikeyan, A. Gnanasekaran, Chandrashekrappa Gk
Abstract The present work examined the in vitro antioxidant activity of sequentially extracted, solvent extracts (Petroleum ether, chloroform and Methanol) of stem bark, leaves and callus from Amoora rohituka . The antioxidative capacity of the extracts were examined by using DPPH (1,1-diphenyl,2-picryl hydrazyl), ABTS (2,2’-azinobis-3-ethyl-benzothiozoline-6-sulphonic acid) and NOS (Nitric oxide scavenging) assays by using Gallic acid as standard control. Among the tested extracts, methanol extract of stem bark showed better antioxidative capacity. The total antioxidant activity was expressed as µg equivalent of Gallic acid per gram on dry weight basis. IC 50 values for methanol extract of stem bark were 7.53 µg/ml; 34.92 µg/ml and 56.31 µg/ml in ABTS, DPPH and NOS assays respectively. Whereas, leaves and callus extracts showed moderate antioxidative properties.
{"title":"In vitro antioxidant activities of stem bark, leaves and callus extracts from Amoora rohituka","authors":"Kanthesh M. Basalingappa, Kavitharaj, Avinash Ko, Kumar, M. Karthikeyan, A. Gnanasekaran, Chandrashekrappa Gk","doi":"10.5138/09750185.2179","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5138/09750185.2179","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The present work examined the in vitro antioxidant activity of sequentially extracted, solvent extracts (Petroleum ether, chloroform and Methanol) of stem bark, leaves and callus from Amoora rohituka . The antioxidative capacity of the extracts were examined by using DPPH (1,1-diphenyl,2-picryl hydrazyl), ABTS (2,2’-azinobis-3-ethyl-benzothiozoline-6-sulphonic acid) and NOS (Nitric oxide scavenging) assays by using Gallic acid as standard control. Among the tested extracts, methanol extract of stem bark showed better antioxidative capacity. The total antioxidant activity was expressed as µg equivalent of Gallic acid per gram on dry weight basis. IC 50 values for methanol extract of stem bark were 7.53 µg/ml; 34.92 µg/ml and 56.31 µg/ml in ABTS, DPPH and NOS assays respectively. Whereas, leaves and callus extracts showed moderate antioxidative properties.","PeriodicalId":14199,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Phytomedicine","volume":"1 1","pages":"584-588"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88273807","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background & Aims : Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a progressive disease that leads to complex disorders such as biochemical changes in the blood. The use of medicinal plants are superior to synthetic drugs because of the few side-effects in disease prevention. In this study, we examined the effect of troxerutin on lipid profile and biochemical enzymes in the blood of type 1 diabetic rats. Materials & Methods : 32 male Wistar rats (200-250) were randomly divided into four groups: control, diabetes, control+ troxerutin, diabetes+ troxerutin. Type 1 diabetes was induced by i.p injection of streptozotocin (50 mg/kg) in animals in diabetic groups. Lasted for 4 weeks, oral administration of troxerutin (150 mg/kg) was carried daily for 4 weeks. At the end of study, anesthesia was induced intraperitoneally with sodium pentobarbital (mg / kg 60). Blood samples was collected for measuring lipid profile and biochemical enzymes in blood of rats. Results: Diabete significantly increased LDL, COL, TG and significantly decreased HDL compared to the control group. Treatment diabetic rats with troxerutin for 4 weeks significantly decreased LDL, COL, TG and significantly increased HDL.furthermore, Diabetes significantly increased ALT, AST, LDH, and CPK in blood of rats. Treatment diabetic rats with troxerutin for 4 weeks significantly decreased ALT, AST, LDH, and CPK in blood of rats compared to the control group. Conclusion : Troxerutin improve the lipid profile and reduce biochemical enzymes in blood of diabetic rats.In this way could be useful in reducing the complications of diabetes. KeyWords: Diabetes; Troxerutin; biochemical enzymes; lipid profile; rat
背景与目的:糖尿病(DM)是一种进行性疾病，可导致血液生化变化等复杂疾病。药用植物在预防疾病方面的副作用少，优于合成药物。本研究探讨了曲克芦丁对1型糖尿病大鼠血脂及生化酶的影响。材料与方法:32只雄性Wistar大鼠(200 ~ 250只)随机分为4组:对照组、糖尿病组、对照组+曲希鲁汀组、糖尿病组+曲希鲁汀组。糖尿病组动物腹腔注射链脲佐菌素(50 mg/kg)诱导1型糖尿病。连续4周，每日口服曲希鲁汀(150 mg/kg)，连续4周。研究结束时，腹腔注射戊巴比妥钠(mg / kg 60)麻醉。采集大鼠血液，测定血脂和生化酶水平。结果:与对照组相比，糖尿病患者LDL、COL、TG显著升高，HDL显著降低。曲克鲁丁治疗糖尿病大鼠4周后，LDL、COL、TG均显著降低，HDL显著升高。糖尿病使大鼠血液中ALT、AST、LDH、CPK显著升高。曲克鲁丁治疗糖尿病大鼠4周后，与对照组相比，血中ALT、AST、LDH、CPK明显降低。结论:曲希芦丁能改善糖尿病大鼠血脂，降低血生化酶。这样可以有效地减少糖尿病的并发症。关键词:糖尿病;Troxerutin;生化酶;血脂;老鼠
{"title":"The effect of troxerutin on alterations of lipid profile and biochemical enzymes in blood of rats with chronic diabetes","authors":"reza badazadeh, V. Ghorbanzadeh, L. Chodari","doi":"10.5138/09750185.2165","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5138/09750185.2165","url":null,"abstract":"Background & Aims : Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a progressive disease that leads to complex disorders such as biochemical changes in the blood. The use of medicinal plants are superior to synthetic drugs because of the few side-effects in disease prevention. In this study, we examined the effect of troxerutin on lipid profile and biochemical enzymes in the blood of type 1 diabetic rats. Materials & Methods : 32 male Wistar rats (200-250) were randomly divided into four groups: control, diabetes, control+ troxerutin, diabetes+ troxerutin. Type 1 diabetes was induced by i.p injection of streptozotocin (50 mg/kg) in animals in diabetic groups. Lasted for 4 weeks, oral administration of troxerutin (150 mg/kg) was carried daily for 4 weeks. At the end of study, anesthesia was induced intraperitoneally with sodium pentobarbital (mg / kg 60). Blood samples was collected for measuring lipid profile and biochemical enzymes in blood of rats. Results: Diabete significantly increased LDL, COL, TG and significantly decreased HDL compared to the control group. Treatment diabetic rats with troxerutin for 4 weeks significantly decreased LDL, COL, TG and significantly increased HDL.furthermore, Diabetes significantly increased ALT, AST, LDH, and CPK in blood of rats. Treatment diabetic rats with troxerutin for 4 weeks significantly decreased ALT, AST, LDH, and CPK in blood of rats compared to the control group. Conclusion : Troxerutin improve the lipid profile and reduce biochemical enzymes in blood of diabetic rats.In this way could be useful in reducing the complications of diabetes. KeyWords: Diabetes; Troxerutin; biochemical enzymes; lipid profile; rat","PeriodicalId":14199,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Phytomedicine","volume":"4 1","pages":"628-633"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90753396","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: From reports Elaeodendron croceum has been used traditionally for spiritual cleansing, anti-obesity, anti-inflammatory and for the management of diabetes. The leaves and bark extracts were therefore analyzed for its biological activities. Materials and methods: The antibacterial activities of E. croceum leaves and stem barks were evaluated against both Gram positive and gram negative bacteria using agar well diffusion method. The analysis for the phytochemical contents, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of the leaves and barks were determined using standard procedures. Results: The S. aureus , S. flexneri , E. faecalis and S. typhimurium were susceptible to the aqueous leaves and stem barks extracts of Elaeodendron croceum while S. aureus was susceptible to only the aqueous leaf extract. The antibacterial activity showed MIC ranging from 0.625 – 2.5 mg/ml. The composition of flavonoids (52.72 mg/g), proanthocyanidins (32.66 mg/g), alkaloids (65.44 mg/g) and saponins (68.21 mg/g) were significantly higher in the aqueous leaf extract while phenols (94.13 mg/g) content was higher in the aqueous bark extract. The free radical scavenging activity using ABTS, FRAP and DPPH showed that the extracts possess good free radical scavenging activities with different free radical species that is comparable with ascorbic acid and also showed significant inhibitory activity on protein denaturation as an indication of anti-inflammatory potential. Conclusion: These findings support the folkloric usage of Elaeodendron croceum and indicates that it can be used to manage diseases caused by the tested organisms. The presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, total phenols and proanthocyanidins, previously suggested to have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antibacterial activity indicate that E. croceum is a potential source of anti-inflammatory, free radical scavenging and antimicrobial agents.
{"title":"Biological activities and phytochemical screening of Elaeodendron croceum (Thunb.) DC. Leaves and Stem barks Extracts","authors":"S. Odeyemi, A. Afolayan","doi":"10.5138/09750185.1956","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5138/09750185.1956","url":null,"abstract":"Background: From reports Elaeodendron croceum has been used traditionally for spiritual cleansing, anti-obesity, anti-inflammatory and for the management of diabetes. The leaves and bark extracts were therefore analyzed for its biological activities. Materials and methods: The antibacterial activities of E. croceum leaves and stem barks were evaluated against both Gram positive and gram negative bacteria using agar well diffusion method. The analysis for the phytochemical contents, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of the leaves and barks were determined using standard procedures. Results: The S. aureus , S. flexneri , E. faecalis and S. typhimurium were susceptible to the aqueous leaves and stem barks extracts of Elaeodendron croceum while S. aureus was susceptible to only the aqueous leaf extract. The antibacterial activity showed MIC ranging from 0.625 – 2.5 mg/ml. The composition of flavonoids (52.72 mg/g), proanthocyanidins (32.66 mg/g), alkaloids (65.44 mg/g) and saponins (68.21 mg/g) were significantly higher in the aqueous leaf extract while phenols (94.13 mg/g) content was higher in the aqueous bark extract. The free radical scavenging activity using ABTS, FRAP and DPPH showed that the extracts possess good free radical scavenging activities with different free radical species that is comparable with ascorbic acid and also showed significant inhibitory activity on protein denaturation as an indication of anti-inflammatory potential. Conclusion: These findings support the folkloric usage of Elaeodendron croceum and indicates that it can be used to manage diseases caused by the tested organisms. The presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, total phenols and proanthocyanidins, previously suggested to have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antibacterial activity indicate that E. croceum is a potential source of anti-inflammatory, free radical scavenging and antimicrobial agents.","PeriodicalId":14199,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Phytomedicine","volume":"265 1","pages":"566-575"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79007766","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The present investigation was aimed to evaluate the phytochemical constituents, free radical scavenging activities, antioxidant properties and antimicrobial activities of the methanol leaf extract of Aegle tamilnadensis Abdul Kader. The phytochemicals present in the methanol leaf extract of A. tamilnadensis Abdul Kader were determined qualitatively and quantitatively using standard procedures. The antioxidant activities were carried out by DPPH free radical scavenging assay, OH • radical scavenging assay, NO • radical scavenging assay, Fe 3+ reducing power assay, and phosphomolybdenum reduction assay methods. The antimicrobial activity was carried out by well diffusion method. The methanol leaf extract of A. tamilnadensis Abdul Kader showed good free radical scavenging as well as reducing power activities which were found to increase with the increasing concentration of the extract. The study revealed the presence of major phytochemicals such as phenols and flavonoids at the concentration of 211.0 mg/g at 100 µg and 52.91 mg/g at 100µg/mL respectively. The present study revealed that the methanol leaf extract of A. tamilnadensis Abdul Kader possess significant antioxidant and antimicrobial activities.
{"title":"Antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of methanol leaf extract of Aegle Tamilnadensis Abdul Kader","authors":"M. C. Kumar, S. A. Kader, C. Sivaraj, N. Raaman","doi":"10.5138/09750185.2157","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5138/09750185.2157","url":null,"abstract":"The present investigation was aimed to evaluate the phytochemical constituents, free radical scavenging activities, antioxidant properties and antimicrobial activities of the methanol leaf extract of Aegle tamilnadensis Abdul Kader. The phytochemicals present in the methanol leaf extract of A. tamilnadensis Abdul Kader were determined qualitatively and quantitatively using standard procedures. The antioxidant activities were carried out by DPPH free radical scavenging assay, OH • radical scavenging assay, NO • radical scavenging assay, Fe 3+ reducing power assay, and phosphomolybdenum reduction assay methods. The antimicrobial activity was carried out by well diffusion method. The methanol leaf extract of A. tamilnadensis Abdul Kader showed good free radical scavenging as well as reducing power activities which were found to increase with the increasing concentration of the extract. The study revealed the presence of major phytochemicals such as phenols and flavonoids at the concentration of 211.0 mg/g at 100 µg and 52.91 mg/g at 100µg/mL respectively. The present study revealed that the methanol leaf extract of A. tamilnadensis Abdul Kader possess significant antioxidant and antimicrobial activities.","PeriodicalId":14199,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Phytomedicine","volume":"78 1","pages":"648-654"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78094344","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Plants have been used in the treatment of human diseases since centuries. Due to their medicinal values, more than 80% of the modern world population still rely on plants as their primary source of medicines. Traditional plant-based medicines are widespread in Asian countries like the Indian subcontinent, Bangladesh, China, Japan, Pakistan, Indonesia, Myanmar, and in the continent of Africa. Nowadays, plant-derived medicines are gaining wider acceptance even in developed countries of the Western world. More than 50% of all drugs currently in clinical use are of natural origin. Plants are therefore emerging as a novel source for drugs and opening up new vistas in drug therapy research. A bird’s eye view of the therapeutic potential of the angiospermic plant Glinus oppositifolius (L.) Aug. DC. (Family: Molluginaceae) has been presented in this review, along with the ethnobotanical uses and scientific evidences presented in support of the traditional claims. Several pharmacologically active chemical compounds have been reported from the plant in recent years and the biological roles of those chemical compounds have been summarized. The anti-cancer effects shown by some of those phyto-constituents have also been elucidated. The novel chemical constituents reported from this plant may evoke further research on the plausible medicinal effects and the bio-safety standards of Glinus oppositifolius .
{"title":"Glinus oppositifolius (L.) Aug. DC.: A Repository of Medicinal Potentiality","authors":"Tania Chakraborty, Santanu Paul","doi":"10.5138/09750185.2164","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5138/09750185.2164","url":null,"abstract":"Plants have been used in the treatment of human diseases since centuries. Due to their medicinal values, more than 80% of the modern world population still rely on plants as their primary source of medicines. Traditional plant-based medicines are widespread in Asian countries like the Indian subcontinent, Bangladesh, China, Japan, Pakistan, Indonesia, Myanmar, and in the continent of Africa. Nowadays, plant-derived medicines are gaining wider acceptance even in developed countries of the Western world. More than 50% of all drugs currently in clinical use are of natural origin. Plants are therefore emerging as a novel source for drugs and opening up new vistas in drug therapy research. A bird’s eye view of the therapeutic potential of the angiospermic plant Glinus oppositifolius (L.) Aug. DC. (Family: Molluginaceae) has been presented in this review, along with the ethnobotanical uses and scientific evidences presented in support of the traditional claims. Several pharmacologically active chemical compounds have been reported from the plant in recent years and the biological roles of those chemical compounds have been summarized. The anti-cancer effects shown by some of those phyto-constituents have also been elucidated. The novel chemical constituents reported from this plant may evoke further research on the plausible medicinal effects and the bio-safety standards of Glinus oppositifolius .","PeriodicalId":14199,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Phytomedicine","volume":"12 1","pages":"543-557"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89375134","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
C. Tyagi, Atul Tripathi, G. Singh, Amol Chandekar, S. Sahu
Ethnopharmacological relevance: The fruits of Buchanania lanzan are used traditionally in the treatment of skin afflictions, sores, ulcers, inflammation and as diuretic (1,21,35,42). The aim of the study was to investigate the antiulcer and diuretic activity of the crude ethanolic and pet. ether extract from the fruits of Buchanania lanzan . Materials and methods: The antiulcer activity of the crude extracts was evaluated in ethanol and pylorus ligation induced model for gastric lesions in Wister albino rats (2,8,12,19). Parameters such as gastric volume, pH and acidity were determined in the pylorus ligation model. Furthermore the diuretic activity was evaluated in comparison of Standard drug i.e. Furosemide. Results: The acute toxicity studies revealed that LD50> 2000mg/kg for the extract. The extract caused a significant (p<0.05) dose-dependent inhibition of ulcer in the ethanol and pylorus ligation induced ulcer models at the dose of 250mg/kg, respectively. And the diuretic activity of extract also found significant (p<0.01) dose dependent increase in urine volume. Both ethanol and aqueous extracts have showed a significant dose-dependent increase in the excretion of electrolytes when compared to the control group. Conclusion: Our data provide a rational base for the folkloric use of Buchanania lanzan in the treatment of ulcers and as diuretic.
{"title":"In- vivo diuretic and antiulcer activity in fruits of Buchanania lanzan","authors":"C. Tyagi, Atul Tripathi, G. Singh, Amol Chandekar, S. Sahu","doi":"10.5138/09750185.1920","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5138/09750185.1920","url":null,"abstract":"Ethnopharmacological relevance: The fruits of Buchanania lanzan are used traditionally in the treatment of skin afflictions, sores, ulcers, inflammation and as diuretic (1,21,35,42). The aim of the study was to investigate the antiulcer and diuretic activity of the crude ethanolic and pet. ether extract from the fruits of Buchanania lanzan . Materials and methods: The antiulcer activity of the crude extracts was evaluated in ethanol and pylorus ligation induced model for gastric lesions in Wister albino rats (2,8,12,19). Parameters such as gastric volume, pH and acidity were determined in the pylorus ligation model. Furthermore the diuretic activity was evaluated in comparison of Standard drug i.e. Furosemide. Results: The acute toxicity studies revealed that LD50> 2000mg/kg for the extract. The extract caused a significant (p<0.05) dose-dependent inhibition of ulcer in the ethanol and pylorus ligation induced ulcer models at the dose of 250mg/kg, respectively. And the diuretic activity of extract also found significant (p<0.01) dose dependent increase in urine volume. Both ethanol and aqueous extracts have showed a significant dose-dependent increase in the excretion of electrolytes when compared to the control group. Conclusion: Our data provide a rational base for the folkloric use of Buchanania lanzan in the treatment of ulcers and as diuretic.","PeriodicalId":14199,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Phytomedicine","volume":"3 1","pages":"673-678"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86919669","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Gmelina arborea ( G. arborea ) is a bio-prospective plant belonging to family verbenaceae. It is widely used for it’s medicinal properties from ancient times. The present paper comprehensively reviewed the traditional uses, medicinal properties and chemical constituents isolated from G. arborea based on literature reported as well as critical analysis of the research. The present article is aimed to provide information on recent advances and new foundations and direction for further exploring G. arborea for its applications. Pharmacological research reviewed that G. arborea possess various medicinal properties and biological activities including antidiuretic, antidiarrhoeal, antipyretic, antianalgesic, antioxidant, antidiabetic, antihelmintic, antibacterial, antifungal, cardiopotective, insecticidal, antiulcer, gastro-protective, anticancer, antihyperlipidemic and immunomodulatory activity. It has been reported for its applications in treatment of bone fracture, hypertension and regeneration of β-cells. The main chemical constituents of G. arborea include lignans, iridoid glycoside, flavonoids, flavons, flavone glycoside and sterols. The present review provides all the references and beneficial directions to explore further application of G. arborea.
{"title":"Gmelina arborea : chemical constituents, pharmacological activities and applications","authors":"C. Arora, Vinita Tamrakar","doi":"10.5138/09750185.2149","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5138/09750185.2149","url":null,"abstract":"Gmelina arborea ( G. arborea ) is a bio-prospective plant belonging to family verbenaceae. It is widely used for it’s medicinal properties from ancient times. The present paper comprehensively reviewed the traditional uses, medicinal properties and chemical constituents isolated from G. arborea based on literature reported as well as critical analysis of the research. The present article is aimed to provide information on recent advances and new foundations and direction for further exploring G. arborea for its applications. Pharmacological research reviewed that G. arborea possess various medicinal properties and biological activities including antidiuretic, antidiarrhoeal, antipyretic, antianalgesic, antioxidant, antidiabetic, antihelmintic, antibacterial, antifungal, cardiopotective, insecticidal, antiulcer, gastro-protective, anticancer, antihyperlipidemic and immunomodulatory activity. It has been reported for its applications in treatment of bone fracture, hypertension and regeneration of β-cells. The main chemical constituents of G. arborea include lignans, iridoid glycoside, flavonoids, flavons, flavone glycoside and sterols. The present review provides all the references and beneficial directions to explore further application of G. arborea.","PeriodicalId":14199,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Phytomedicine","volume":"6 1","pages":"528-542"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90164019","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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