Pub Date : 2023-01-28DOI: 10.53893/ijrvocas.v2i4.170
R. Anugrahwaty, Ajulio Padly Sembiring, S. Faza, Wiwin Sry Adinda Banjarnahor
Based on the results of the analysis and design that has been carried out regarding the study of electronic-based North Sumatra KUMKM community development analysis (E-Community KUMKM North Sumatra), a conclusion can be drawn as follows, namely the results of the design using the Object Oriented Analysis Design (OOAD) method, all interfaces are designed very interactive so as to facilitate implementation in the system. Using UML as a visualization medium for system design can make the designed model closer to reality. So as to facilitate the development of the system and its application. Based on the results of the analysis using the Performance, information, economic, control, efficiency, service (PIECES) method, the limitations in marketing the results of North Sumatra KUMKM can be solved using information technology, namely the web-based KUMKM E-Community system.
基于对基于电子的北苏门答腊KUMKM社区发展分析(E-Community KUMKM North Sumatra)的研究进行的分析和设计的结果，可以得出如下结论，即采用面向对象的分析设计(OOAD)方法进行的设计结果，所有界面都设计得非常具有交互性，便于在系统中实现。使用UML作为系统设计的可视化媒介，可以使所设计的模型更接近现实。从而便于系统的开发和应用。根据绩效、信息、经济、控制、效率、服务(PIECES)方法的分析结果，可以利用信息技术，即基于web的KUMKM E-Community系统来解决北苏门答腊KUMKM结果营销的局限性。
{"title":"A Design and Build a Marketing System UMKM Sumatera Utara With the OOAD Method Approach","authors":"R. Anugrahwaty, Ajulio Padly Sembiring, S. Faza, Wiwin Sry Adinda Banjarnahor","doi":"10.53893/ijrvocas.v2i4.170","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53893/ijrvocas.v2i4.170","url":null,"abstract":"Based on the results of the analysis and design that has been carried out regarding the study of electronic-based North Sumatra KUMKM community development analysis (E-Community KUMKM North Sumatra), a conclusion can be drawn as follows, namely the results of the design using the Object Oriented Analysis Design (OOAD) method, all interfaces are designed very interactive so as to facilitate implementation in the system. Using UML as a visualization medium for system design can make the designed model closer to reality. So as to facilitate the development of the system and its application. Based on the results of the analysis using the Performance, information, economic, control, efficiency, service (PIECES) method, the limitations in marketing the results of North Sumatra KUMKM can be solved using information technology, namely the web-based KUMKM E-Community system.","PeriodicalId":14205,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Research in Vocational Studies (IJRVOCAS)","volume":"33 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88639251","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-28DOI: 10.53893/ijrvocas.v2i4.172
Zuraida Tharo, Amani Darma Tarigan, Siti Anisah, David Banjarnahor
This research will look at the protection system on a 60 MVA power transformer and compare two grounding systems, namely grounding with Neutral Grounding Resistance (NGR) and Grounding Solid (GS). The performance of the two systems will be seen, which is the most effective and efficient. Soil resistance is directly related to water content and temperature; thus, it can be assumed that the resistance of a grounding system will change according to climate change. To obtain a stable grounding resistance, the grounding electrode is installed at the optimal depth to achieve a constant level of water content. The study began by collecting data and then comparing grounding using NGR with GS and measuring the resistance values of NGR and GS on a 60 MVA Power Transformer. The results of this comparison will obtain data on the NGR and GS resistance values on the 60 MVA power transformer, then analyze and compare these values which will provide a conclusion which of the two systems has the best value for grounding.
{"title":"Performance of Neutral Grounding Resistance and Solid Grounding on 60 MVA Power Transformer","authors":"Zuraida Tharo, Amani Darma Tarigan, Siti Anisah, David Banjarnahor","doi":"10.53893/ijrvocas.v2i4.172","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53893/ijrvocas.v2i4.172","url":null,"abstract":"This research will look at the protection system on a 60 MVA power transformer and compare two grounding systems, namely grounding with Neutral Grounding Resistance (NGR) and Grounding Solid (GS). The performance of the two systems will be seen, which is the most effective and efficient. Soil resistance is directly related to water content and temperature; thus, it can be assumed that the resistance of a grounding system will change according to climate change. To obtain a stable grounding resistance, the grounding electrode is installed at the optimal depth to achieve a constant level of water content. The study began by collecting data and then comparing grounding using NGR with GS and measuring the resistance values of NGR and GS on a 60 MVA Power Transformer. The results of this comparison will obtain data on the NGR and GS resistance values on the 60 MVA power transformer, then analyze and compare these values which will provide a conclusion which of the two systems has the best value for grounding. \u0000 ","PeriodicalId":14205,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Research in Vocational Studies (IJRVOCAS)","volume":"49 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86099114","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-11DOI: 10.53893/ijrvocas.v2i4.160
Akbar Idaman, Roslina, Rika Rosnelly
APT (Academic Potential Test) is a test that aims to measure a person's ability in the academic field in general. In the implementation of the APT exam, it is carried out in the admission of new students and its application online, using a website-based application, each prospective new student will be given a login account to take the APT exam simultaneously and at a predetermined time. While the process can be accessed anywhere with an internet network. The implementation of the APT exam does not always run smoothly or well, in fact almost every time the APT exam is carried out there are problems, problems that arise because the questions given do not have differences in workmanship which causes the APT exam results to be impure and accurate. To overcome the problems that continue to occur in the implementation of the APT exam, an algorithm or method is needed that can randomize the questions in the APT exam. In this study, the Linear Congruent (LCM) and Multiplicative Random Number Generator (Multiplicative RNG) methods are random methods that are applied to randomize the APT exam questions so that the APT exam question packages can have different question positions and between question packages and the results of the application of this method will be compared to measures how complex the randomization is for each method. By using the LCM model the level of complexity of the questions increases to 100% while by using the MRNG method the level of complexity of the questions increases to 50%.
APT(学术潜力测试)是一项旨在衡量一个人在学术领域的总体能力的测试。在APT考试的实施中，它是在新生的录取和在线申请中进行的，使用基于网站的申请，每个准新生将获得一个登录帐户，可以在预定的时间同时参加APT考试。而这个过程可以通过互联网在任何地方访问。APT考试的实施并不总是一帆风顺，事实上，几乎每次进行APT考试都会出现问题，问题的出现是因为所给出的问题在做工上没有差异，从而导致APT考试结果不纯粹和准确。为了克服APT考试实施中不断出现的问题，需要一种算法或方法来随机化APT考试中的问题。在本研究中，线性同余(LCM)和乘法随机数生成器(Multiplicative Random Number Generator, Multiplicative RNG)方法是用于随机化APT考试问题的随机方法，以便APT考试问题包可以有不同的问题位置和问题包之间，并且将比较应用该方法的结果，以衡量每种方法的随机化的复杂程度。通过使用LCM模型，问题的复杂程度增加到100%，而使用MRNG方法，问题的复杂程度增加到50%。
{"title":"Implementation of Linear Congruent Methods and Multiplication Random Numbers for Academic Potential Tests","authors":"Akbar Idaman, Roslina, Rika Rosnelly","doi":"10.53893/ijrvocas.v2i4.160","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53893/ijrvocas.v2i4.160","url":null,"abstract":"APT (Academic Potential Test) is a test that aims to measure a person's ability in the academic field in general. In the implementation of the APT exam, it is carried out in the admission of new students and its application online, using a website-based application, each prospective new student will be given a login account to take the APT exam simultaneously and at a predetermined time. While the process can be accessed anywhere with an internet network. The implementation of the APT exam does not always run smoothly or well, in fact almost every time the APT exam is carried out there are problems, problems that arise because the questions given do not have differences in workmanship which causes the APT exam results to be impure and accurate. To overcome the problems that continue to occur in the implementation of the APT exam, an algorithm or method is needed that can randomize the questions in the APT exam. In this study, the Linear Congruent (LCM) and Multiplicative Random Number Generator (Multiplicative RNG) methods are random methods that are applied to randomize the APT exam questions so that the APT exam question packages can have different question positions and between question packages and the results of the application of this method will be compared to measures how complex the randomization is for each method. By using the LCM model the level of complexity of the questions increases to 100% while by using the MRNG method the level of complexity of the questions increases to 50%. \u0000 ","PeriodicalId":14205,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Research in Vocational Studies (IJRVOCAS)","volume":"54 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78644620","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-11DOI: 10.53893/ijrvocas.v2i4.161
Muhammad Rusdi, Meidi Wani Lestari, Yuvina, Fitria Nova Hulu
Flood is an event of inundation of land, which is usually dry, by water originating from water sources around the land. Binjai City is an area prone to flash floods. This is because in Binjai City there are 5 (five) upstream rivers namely the Bingei river, Mencirim river, Bangkatan river, Diski river and Rambai river. A flood early warning system is a series of systems that function to notify an impending flood disaster. With the existence of a flood early warning system, it can provide information to the community and can reduce victims or losses due to the community's unpreparedness in dealing with flood disasters. This study aims to create a prototype of a river flood early warning system based on the internet of things (IoT). The method used is to design and create a flood early warning system prototype, then perform system testing. The system is designed using the Arduino Mega2560 microcontroller as the system control center, the HC-SR04 ultrasonic sensors and the ESP32-Cam camera module as system input, as well as buzzer, LCD and website as system output. The transmission medium used is wireless via a 4G WiFi Modem connected to the internet. System prototype testing will be carried out in the Bangkatan river area in Binjai City. From the results of the discussion, it was found that the river flood warning system using the HC-SR04 ultrasonic sensor and the ESP32-Cam camera module based on the Internet of Things was successfully designed and implemented in prototype form and worked well. Ultrasonic sensors work well in measuring river water level with an average error percentage of 3.642%. The ESP32-Cam camera module works well in capturing images of river water conditions up to a distance of 200 cm. (9 pt).
{"title":"River Flood Early Warning System Based on Internet of Things in Binjai City","authors":"Muhammad Rusdi, Meidi Wani Lestari, Yuvina, Fitria Nova Hulu","doi":"10.53893/ijrvocas.v2i4.161","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53893/ijrvocas.v2i4.161","url":null,"abstract":"Flood is an event of inundation of land, which is usually dry, by water originating from water sources around the land. Binjai City is an area prone to flash floods. This is because in Binjai City there are 5 (five) upstream rivers namely the Bingei river, Mencirim river, Bangkatan river, Diski river and Rambai river. A flood early warning system is a series of systems that function to notify an impending flood disaster. With the existence of a flood early warning system, it can provide information to the community and can reduce victims or losses due to the community's unpreparedness in dealing with flood disasters. This study aims to create a prototype of a river flood early warning system based on the internet of things (IoT). The method used is to design and create a flood early warning system prototype, then perform system testing. The system is designed using the Arduino Mega2560 microcontroller as the system control center, the HC-SR04 ultrasonic sensors and the ESP32-Cam camera module as system input, as well as buzzer, LCD and website as system output. The transmission medium used is wireless via a 4G WiFi Modem connected to the internet. System prototype testing will be carried out in the Bangkatan river area in Binjai City. From the results of the discussion, it was found that the river flood warning system using the HC-SR04 ultrasonic sensor and the ESP32-Cam camera module based on the Internet of Things was successfully designed and implemented in prototype form and worked well. Ultrasonic sensors work well in measuring river water level with an average error percentage of 3.642%. The ESP32-Cam camera module works well in capturing images of river water conditions up to a distance of 200 cm. (9 pt). \u0000 ","PeriodicalId":14205,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Research in Vocational Studies (IJRVOCAS)","volume":"33 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87931555","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-11DOI: 10.53893/ijrvocas.v2i4.162
Benrad Edwin Simanjuntak, M. Situmorang, S. Humaidi, M. Sinambela
Chicken, and beef each have a distinctive aroma. Identification of Chicken and beef based on the aroma of the meat using an electronic nose. This electronic nose uses a series of sensors consisting of 6 (six) pieces and uses a Conducting Polymer. This polymer has a high resistance so it is widely used as an insulator. However, this resistance has a certain limit where the polymer surface will turn into carbon and conduct electric current if exposed to excessive electric charge. This research was conducted by taking samples of chicken and beef as test samples where these meats were placed in a closed container at room temperature. Data is taken alternately every day to find out the odor of each meat where on the first day data is taken from the odor of chicken, and on the second day data is taken from the odor of beef. This condition is done to ensure the freshness of each meat. This study uses a Neural Network (NN) as pattern recognition and ATMega16 microcontroller as data acquisition. Neural Network is trained using Kohonen. The sensor used is a Conducting Polymer sensor because of the nature of the Conducting Polymer where the output is a voltage generated due to changes in the polymer resistance resistance. A two-layer neural network consisting of six input nodes and three output neurons is trained using the Kohonen algorithm with the training process completed in 31 iterations. The test was carried out 30 times for each exposure to steam from the odor of chicken and beef which was carried out alternately. The percentage of success of the system is 100%.
{"title":"Indentification of Beef in Beef and Chicken Experiments using Conducting Polymer Sensor Series and Kohonen Algorithm Method","authors":"Benrad Edwin Simanjuntak, M. Situmorang, S. Humaidi, M. Sinambela","doi":"10.53893/ijrvocas.v2i4.162","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53893/ijrvocas.v2i4.162","url":null,"abstract":"Chicken, and beef each have a distinctive aroma. Identification of Chicken and beef based on the aroma of the meat using an electronic nose. This electronic nose uses a series of sensors consisting of 6 (six) pieces and uses a Conducting Polymer. This polymer has a high resistance so it is widely used as an insulator. However, this resistance has a certain limit where the polymer surface will turn into carbon and conduct electric current if exposed to excessive electric charge. This research was conducted by taking samples of chicken and beef as test samples where these meats were placed in a closed container at room temperature. Data is taken alternately every day to find out the odor of each meat where on the first day data is taken from the odor of chicken, and on the second day data is taken from the odor of beef. This condition is done to ensure the freshness of each meat. This study uses a Neural Network (NN) as pattern recognition and ATMega16 microcontroller as data acquisition. Neural Network is trained using Kohonen. The sensor used is a Conducting Polymer sensor because of the nature of the Conducting Polymer where the output is a voltage generated due to changes in the polymer resistance resistance. A two-layer neural network consisting of six input nodes and three output neurons is trained using the Kohonen algorithm with the training process completed in 31 iterations. The test was carried out 30 times for each exposure to steam from the odor of chicken and beef which was carried out alternately. The percentage of success of the system is 100%. \u0000 ","PeriodicalId":14205,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Research in Vocational Studies (IJRVOCAS)","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87235218","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-11DOI: 10.53893/ijrvocas.v2i4.163
B. Syam, M. Muttaqin, Fakhrur Rozy, M. Setiawan, M. Fauzi, Fadly A Kurniawan
This research was conducted to utilize durian skin waste into useful materials by maximizing its utilization to solve environmental problems. The idea is to process the fibers so that they can be used as composite reinforcement material. Here, the durian fibers are used as fillers for foam concrete. The so-called concrete foam composite is designed and manufactured to produce tubes utilized for biopore systems. Biopore tube materials were tested and the tubes are also subjected to field tests to check their response subjected to static loading. A series of computer simulations are conducted. Results are compared with other biopore tubes (PVC and concrete). The simulation results show that the concentration of stresses is obviously seen around the hole located in the middle and upper section of the tubes. However, at those critical points in the tubes, the stresses are of smaller than that of the strength of the tubes. We conclude that biopore tubes with 16 holes in total provided on the tube wall are still feasible to be produced.
{"title":"Analysis and Computer Simulation of Biopore Tubes Made of Concrete Foam Reinforced by Durian Skin Fiber","authors":"B. Syam, M. Muttaqin, Fakhrur Rozy, M. Setiawan, M. Fauzi, Fadly A Kurniawan","doi":"10.53893/ijrvocas.v2i4.163","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53893/ijrvocas.v2i4.163","url":null,"abstract":"This research was conducted to utilize durian skin waste into useful materials by maximizing its utilization to solve environmental problems. The idea is to process the fibers so that they can be used as composite reinforcement material. Here, the durian fibers are used as fillers for foam concrete. The so-called concrete foam composite is designed and manufactured to produce tubes utilized for biopore systems. Biopore tube materials were tested and the tubes are also subjected to field tests to check their response subjected to static loading. A series of computer simulations are conducted. Results are compared with other biopore tubes (PVC and concrete). The simulation results show that the concentration of stresses is obviously seen around the hole located in the middle and upper section of the tubes. However, at those critical points in the tubes, the stresses are of smaller than that of the strength of the tubes. We conclude that biopore tubes with 16 holes in total provided on the tube wall are still feasible to be produced. \u0000 ","PeriodicalId":14205,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Research in Vocational Studies (IJRVOCAS)","volume":"35 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80319885","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-11DOI: 10.53893/ijrvocas.v2i4.164
Dina Tri Septiningtiyas, Rifka Ananda
Indonesia is a tropical country which has two seasons, namely the rainy season and the dry season. Rainfall that occurs will vary in each area depending on the altitude of the area, climate, season, and other factors. Medan Selayang Subdistrict is the Subdistrict with the closest distance to the rain station. Where the closer the location of the study area to the rain station, the more accurate the rainfall data obtained will be. One way to make it easier to record and process data is to create a rainfall map by utilizing spatial analysis through a Geographic Information System (GIS). The data in this study are rainfall data and geographic coordinate data obtained from the Meteorology, Climatology and Geophysics Agency in the Medan City area. After data collection, data processing was carried out using the QGIS 3.10 application. with the Inverse Distance Weighted (IDW) interpolation method. From the results of processing rainfall maps in the Medan Selayang sub-district using Inverse Distance Weighted (IDW) interpolation, the rainfall values (rainfall) ranged from 3029.74 mm/year – 3164.20 mm/year.
{"title":"Rainfall Mapping in Medan Selayang Sub-District using Geographic Information System","authors":"Dina Tri Septiningtiyas, Rifka Ananda","doi":"10.53893/ijrvocas.v2i4.164","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53893/ijrvocas.v2i4.164","url":null,"abstract":"Indonesia is a tropical country which has two seasons, namely the rainy season and the dry season. Rainfall that occurs will vary in each area depending on the altitude of the area, climate, season, and other factors. Medan Selayang Subdistrict is the Subdistrict with the closest distance to the rain station. Where the closer the location of the study area to the rain station, the more accurate the rainfall data obtained will be. One way to make it easier to record and process data is to create a rainfall map by utilizing spatial analysis through a Geographic Information System (GIS). The data in this study are rainfall data and geographic coordinate data obtained from the Meteorology, Climatology and Geophysics Agency in the Medan City area. After data collection, data processing was carried out using the QGIS 3.10 application. with the Inverse Distance Weighted (IDW) interpolation method. From the results of processing rainfall maps in the Medan Selayang sub-district using Inverse Distance Weighted (IDW) interpolation, the rainfall values (rainfall) ranged from 3029.74 mm/year – 3164.20 mm/year. \u0000 ","PeriodicalId":14205,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Research in Vocational Studies (IJRVOCAS)","volume":"118 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84934848","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-10DOI: 10.53893/ijrvocas.v2i4.157
Mufrida Zein, Muhammad Ghalih, Rina Pebriana
In 2021, Indonesia was 99.45% electrified. That year's aim was 100%. Due of Indonesia's 17,000 islands, electrifying rural settlements is tough. Depending on network size and demand, Indonesia's energy mix varies, however it often includes coal. After adopting the Paris Climate Agreement, Indonesia vowed to increase renewable energy to 23% by 2025. Indonesia's renewable energy production has increased. The government expects coal to be important in coming decades. The GM (1, 1) model of Grey theory was used to estimate Indonesia's electrification rate from 2012 to 2021. The model's average residual error is above 5%, according to the calculation. Indonesia's electrification rate is expected to grow annually. According to the trials, the recommended technique boosts the forecasting accuracy of the original Grey models and gives Indonesia a helpful reference for designing the action plan.
{"title":"Assessment of Grey Forecasting Model: Study Case for Electrification Rate in Indonesia from 2012 to 2021","authors":"Mufrida Zein, Muhammad Ghalih, Rina Pebriana","doi":"10.53893/ijrvocas.v2i4.157","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53893/ijrvocas.v2i4.157","url":null,"abstract":"In 2021, Indonesia was 99.45% electrified. That year's aim was 100%. Due of Indonesia's 17,000 islands, electrifying rural settlements is tough. Depending on network size and demand, Indonesia's energy mix varies, however it often includes coal. After adopting the Paris Climate Agreement, Indonesia vowed to increase renewable energy to 23% by 2025. Indonesia's renewable energy production has increased. The government expects coal to be important in coming decades. The GM (1, 1) model of Grey theory was used to estimate Indonesia's electrification rate from 2012 to 2021. The model's average residual error is above 5%, according to the calculation. Indonesia's electrification rate is expected to grow annually. According to the trials, the recommended technique boosts the forecasting accuracy of the original Grey models and gives Indonesia a helpful reference for designing the action plan. \u0000 ","PeriodicalId":14205,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Research in Vocational Studies (IJRVOCAS)","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87437036","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-10DOI: 10.53893/ijrvocas.v2i4.159
Nelson Manurung, M. A. Pulungan, Billy Christian Manurung, Enzo W. B Siahaan, S. Siahaan
The increasing world oil prices followed by the increasing demand for fossil fuels as well as the issue of the energy crisis and global warming which demands a better level of environmental quality have encouraged the government to take good policies in overcoming them. Currently the world has been thinking about alternative energy that can be used for diesel or otto motors. One of the alternative fuels developed is alcohol fuel. Alcohol is a type of hydrocarbon in which one of the hydrogen atoms is replaced by the hydroxyl radical OH. Many agricultural products in Indo-nesia have the potential to be developed as bioethanol. In this study, the effect of adding bioethanol on pertalite fuel will be studied. This is because pertalite is a fuel that is in accordance with the demands of automotive needs and developments. This study aims to determine the comparison of power, torque, and air-fuel ratio as well as to determine the comparison of the content of exhaust gas compounds tested on the Toyota Vios Limo 1500CC car using pertalite (E0) fuel, 10% pertalite-bioethanol mixture (E10). and 15% (E15), 20% (E20). The test results obtained that the calorific value of Pertalite fuel is 49411.98 kJ/kg, 10% gasohol has a value of 46764.82 kJ/kg, 15% gasohol has a value of 44262.82 kJ/kg, and then 20% gasohol has a val-ue of 45735.42 kJ/kg. The test results obtained an average torque and power per-formance of 10% gasohol fuel of 109.09 Nm and 71.73 HP. The highest air-fuel ratio in fuel but the table shows the highest air-fuel ratio in 15% gasohol fuel is 15.46 and then the lowest air-fuel ratio in 10% gasohol fuel is 11.58. Exhaust emis-sion levels for each compound tested for each fuel are still below the standard vehicle exhaust emission thresholds set by Toyota and the environmental agency.
{"title":"Performance Test of 1500 cc Fuel Motorcycle Using Pertalite – Bioethanol Mixture Fuel on Exhaust Gas","authors":"Nelson Manurung, M. A. Pulungan, Billy Christian Manurung, Enzo W. B Siahaan, S. Siahaan","doi":"10.53893/ijrvocas.v2i4.159","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53893/ijrvocas.v2i4.159","url":null,"abstract":"The increasing world oil prices followed by the increasing demand for fossil fuels as well as the issue of the energy crisis and global warming which demands a better level of environmental quality have encouraged the government to take good policies in overcoming them. Currently the world has been thinking about alternative energy that can be used for diesel or otto motors. One of the alternative fuels developed is alcohol fuel. Alcohol is a type of hydrocarbon in which one of the hydrogen atoms is replaced by the hydroxyl radical OH. Many agricultural products in Indo-nesia have the potential to be developed as bioethanol. In this study, the effect of adding bioethanol on pertalite fuel will be studied. This is because pertalite is a fuel that is in accordance with the demands of automotive needs and developments. This study aims to determine the comparison of power, torque, and air-fuel ratio as well as to determine the comparison of the content of exhaust gas compounds tested on the Toyota Vios Limo 1500CC car using pertalite (E0) fuel, 10% pertalite-bioethanol mixture (E10). and 15% (E15), 20% (E20). The test results obtained that the calorific value of Pertalite fuel is 49411.98 kJ/kg, 10% gasohol has a value of 46764.82 kJ/kg, 15% gasohol has a value of 44262.82 kJ/kg, and then 20% gasohol has a val-ue of 45735.42 kJ/kg. The test results obtained an average torque and power per-formance of 10% gasohol fuel of 109.09 Nm and 71.73 HP. The highest air-fuel ratio in fuel but the table shows the highest air-fuel ratio in 15% gasohol fuel is 15.46 and then the lowest air-fuel ratio in 10% gasohol fuel is 11.58. Exhaust emis-sion levels for each compound tested for each fuel are still below the standard vehicle exhaust emission thresholds set by Toyota and the environmental agency.","PeriodicalId":14205,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Research in Vocational Studies (IJRVOCAS)","volume":"109 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79234164","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-10DOI: 10.53893/ijrvocas.v2i4.158
Efrata Tarigan, A. Sebayang, Liwat Tarigan, Benar Surbakti, Piktor Tarigan
In welding work must pay attention to the suitability of the welding construction in order to achieve optimal results. For this reason, welding needs to pay attention to several important things including welding efficiency, energy savings, and of course low costs. The purpose of this study was to determine how the tensile strength of the ST 37 material welded by SMAW welding which was cooled with a variety of cooling media, oil and pure water. The research method used in this research is to use real experimental research methods (True Experimental Research). From the results of the study, it can be concluded that the highest Ultimate Stress (Tu) tensile strength value is when the material is cooled with oil media, where the highest value is 365.15 N/mm2, followed by water cooling media oil, where the highest value is of 347.75 N/mm2, and the lowest is without cooling media where the highest value is 343.35 N/mm2. This is due to the thermal cycle that affects the microstructure of the material, this is what causes the tensile strength of the material to increase when a cooling medium is applied to the ST 37 welding material.
{"title":"Analysis of Tensile Strength on ST.37 Material with SMAW Welding Variations of SAE 10 Oil and Water Cooling","authors":"Efrata Tarigan, A. Sebayang, Liwat Tarigan, Benar Surbakti, Piktor Tarigan","doi":"10.53893/ijrvocas.v2i4.158","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53893/ijrvocas.v2i4.158","url":null,"abstract":"In welding work must pay attention to the suitability of the welding construction in order to achieve optimal results. For this reason, welding needs to pay attention to several important things including welding efficiency, energy savings, and of course low costs. The purpose of this study was to determine how the tensile strength of the ST 37 material welded by SMAW welding which was cooled with a variety of cooling media, oil and pure water. The research method used in this research is to use real experimental research methods (True Experimental Research). From the results of the study, it can be concluded that the highest Ultimate Stress (Tu) tensile strength value is when the material is cooled with oil media, where the highest value is 365.15 N/mm2, followed by water cooling media oil, where the highest value is of 347.75 N/mm2, and the lowest is without cooling media where the highest value is 343.35 N/mm2. This is due to the thermal cycle that affects the microstructure of the material, this is what causes the tensile strength of the material to increase when a cooling medium is applied to the ST 37 welding material. \u0000 ","PeriodicalId":14205,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Research in Vocational Studies (IJRVOCAS)","volume":"121 8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84087831","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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