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Roles of project steering committees in large agricultural projects in Cameroon 项目指导委员会在喀麦隆大型农业项目中的作用
Pub Date : 2023-10-03 DOI: 10.18535/ijsrm/v11i010.ah01
Gaston Gwemelang Ngochembo, Vera Bekebang Mbouh
Purpose: This study investigated the effective functioning of an agricultural project steering committee, which is considered the driver of a large-scale project given critical roles entrusted to them. Method: A survey of 90 project owners who benefited from two large agricultural projects and members of steering committees was conducted, including semi-structured interviews with five experienced steering committee members. The collected data was analysed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 25, comparing the response of project owners and steering committee members in relation to the function of the steering committee. Results: The result revealed that steering committee members’ top three functions were validation of project results, custodian of project governance and review of project performance. These functions differ from the suggestion from the literature that steering committee members' top three functions are to identify project priorities, identify and manage potential risks, and provide steering on budget, schedule, and quality. Implication: The work provides expert views on the steering committee in large scale agricultural projects as it clearly shows a misconstruction of their most essential functions, which may be attributed to limited formal communication between the steering committee and project owners and less clarity in their sphere of influence concerning the implementation of large-scale agricultural project. Therefore, roles and responsibilities in relation to functions of the steering committee should be defined at the onset of the project, with a clear indication of their sphere of influence to improve project management and guarantee success.
目的:本研究调查了农业项目指导委员会的有效运作,该委员会被认为是大型项目的推动者,赋予了他们关键的角色。方法:对90名受益于两个大型农业项目的项目业主和指导委员会成员进行调查,包括对5名经验丰富的指导委员会成员进行半结构化访谈。收集的数据使用社会科学统计包第25版进行分析,比较项目所有者和指导委员会成员对指导委员会职能的反应。结果:结果显示,指导委员会成员的前三大职能是项目结果的验证,项目治理的保管人和项目绩效的审查。这些功能不同于文献中的建议,即指导委员会成员的前三个功能是确定项目优先级,识别和管理潜在风险,并提供预算,进度和质量方面的指导。含义:该工作提供了关于大型农业项目指导委员会的专家意见,因为它清楚地显示了对其最基本功能的误解,这可能归因于指导委员会与项目所有者之间的正式沟通有限,以及他们在大型农业项目实施方面的影响范围不明确。因此,与指导委员会的职能有关的角色和责任应在项目开始时就加以界定,并明确指出其影响范围,以改进项目管理并保证成功。
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引用次数: 0
The electromagnetic cause of gravity 引力的电磁成因
Pub Date : 2023-10-03 DOI: 10.18535/ijsrm/v11i10.p01
Andreas Gimsa
Under the condition of the expansion of the universe and all masses with their atoms and charges in it, the electromagnetic cause of the gravitational force is determined with the help of the Lorentz force. The gravitational force, which could be founded here electromagnetically, is indentical with the mechanical gravitational force of Newton, which is cofirmed experimentally many times and is correct, but still unfounded.
在宇宙膨胀的条件下,所有质量的原子和电荷都在膨胀中,引力的电磁原因是借助洛伦兹力来确定的。这里可以用电磁力建立的引力与牛顿的机械引力是一致的,牛顿的机械引力经过多次实验证实是正确的,但仍然是没有根据的。
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引用次数: 0
Beyond Starch- Maize's Lesser-Known Biochemical Marvels 超越淀粉——玉米鲜为人知的生化奇迹
Pub Date : 2023-09-26 DOI: 10.18535/ijsrm/v11i09.ah04
Deepak Lohar, R.P. Srivastava, Madhwendra Kumar Pathak
Maize, a globally significant staple crop, has long been synonymous with starch production. However, this review illuminates a lesser-explored facet of maize's biochemical profile, uncovering a treasure trove of hidden marvels beyond starch. We delve into the diverse world of maize varieties, each harboring a unique blend of bioactive compounds. From antioxidants, phytochemicals, and essential vitamins to minerals, maize offers an array of nutritional and therapeutic potential. Our exploration spans the health benefits conferred by these bioactive constituents, demonstrating their role in disease prevention and overall well-being. Moreover, the pharmaceutical and industrial sectors stand to gain from maize's biochemical versatility, with applications ranging from drug development to sustainable materials. This review underscores the pressing need for continued research into maize's biochemical wonders. In essence, this article celebrates maize's multifaceted nature, transcending its starch-centric reputation. We invite readers to recognize and harness the potential of maize's lesser-known biochemical marvels, fostering innovation in agriculture, nutrition, and beyond.
玉米是全球重要的主粮作物,长期以来一直是淀粉生产的代名词。然而,这篇综述阐明了玉米生化特征的一个较少探索的方面,揭示了淀粉之外隐藏奇迹的宝藏。我们深入研究了玉米品种的多样性,每一种都含有独特的生物活性化合物。从抗氧化剂、植物化学物质、必需维生素到矿物质,玉米提供了一系列营养和治疗潜力。我们的探索跨越了这些生物活性成分所赋予的健康益处,展示了它们在疾病预防和整体健康中的作用。此外,制药和工业部门将从玉米的生化多功能性中获益,其应用范围从药物开发到可持续材料。这一综述强调了继续研究玉米生化奇迹的迫切需要。从本质上讲,这篇文章颂扬玉米的多面性,超越了它以淀粉为中心的名声。我们邀请读者认识并利用玉米鲜为人知的生化奇迹的潜力,促进农业、营养等领域的创新。
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引用次数: 0
Relationship between Goal-Orientation Culture and Job Commitment among Lecturers in Public Universities in Kenya 肯尼亚公立大学讲师目标导向文化与工作承诺的关系
Pub Date : 2023-09-26 DOI: 10.18535/ijsrm/v11i09.sh06
Mutiso Pauline Mwikali, Jeremiah M. Kalai, Ursullah Okoth, Per-Olof Hansson
One of the management strategies which guides people and organizations to focus their efforts towards achievement of individual and organizational objectives is goal orientation. While it has been documented by previous researchers that learning goal as well as performance goal orientations are significant in influencing employee behaviour, how the same influence job commitment among university lecturers is still a matter of conjecture. This knowledge would be significant especially in the context of public universities in Kenya where missing lecture sessions are rampant on one hand, while more employers prefer graduates from Technical, Industrial and Vocational Enterprise Training (TIVET) institutions than university graduates, on the other hand. This study explored the influence of goal orientation culture on job commitment among lecturers at the University of Nairobi and South Eastern University. The hypothesis that: Organizational goal orientation culture does not have significant relationship with job commitment among lecturers at the Nairobi University and South Eastern Kenya University was tested. Self-determination theory (SDT) of motivation originated by Ryan and Deci was used to guide the study. Descriptive survey design was used on a target population of 56191 lecturers, Deans and students from which 377 was derived as a sample size via Krejcie and Morgan’s (1970) Table. Closed and open-ended questionnaire was used for data collection, and regressions (at 0.05 level of significance) as well as thematic analyses used respectively to analyse quantitative and qualitative data. Findings revealed that 86.1% of changes in job commitment among the lecturers is attributed to goal-oriented culture (R2 =0.861), with goals related to timelines for examination result submission and number of units taught strictly adhered to. It is concluded that matching of the university and lecturers’ goals related to teaching timelines among others significantly enhance lecturers’ job commitment. Professional development opportunities for lecturers should be enhanced to improve their capacities, while challenges facing lecturers in enhancing their job commitment need further exploration.
目标导向是指导个人和组织集中精力实现个人和组织目标的管理策略之一。虽然之前的研究已经证明,学习目标和绩效目标取向对员工行为的影响是显著的,但它们如何影响大学讲师的工作承诺仍然是一个猜想。这方面的知识非常重要,尤其是在肯尼亚公立大学的背景下。一方面,肯尼亚公立大学的讲座缺课现象非常普遍,另一方面,更多的雇主更喜欢技术、工业和职业企业培训机构(TIVET)的毕业生,而不是大学毕业生。本研究探讨了目标导向文化对内罗毕大学和东南大学讲师工作承诺的影响。对内罗毕大学和东南肯尼亚大学讲师的组织目标取向文化与工作承诺不存在显著关系的假设进行了检验。本研究采用Ryan和Deci提出的动机自决理论(Self-determination theory, SDT)作为指导。描述性调查设计用于56191名讲师、院长和学生的目标人群,其中377名是通过Krejcie和Morgan(1970)表得出的样本大小。数据收集采用封闭式和开放式问卷,定量和定性数据分别采用回归分析(0.05显著性水平)和专题分析。调查结果显示,86.1%的讲师工作承诺的变化归因于目标导向文化(R2 =0.861),目标与考试成绩提交时间和授课单元数有关。研究发现,大学与讲师的教学时间表等目标的匹配显著提高了讲师的工作承诺。应增加讲师的专业发展机会,提高讲师的能力,而讲师在提高工作承诺方面面临的挑战需要进一步探索。
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引用次数: 0
Correlation Study of Organizational Culture with Environmental Performance of Small and Medium Enterprises in East Java, Indonesia 印尼东爪哇中小企业组织文化与环境绩效的相关性研究
Pub Date : 2023-09-26 DOI: 10.18535/ijsrm/v11i09.em13
Fajar Purwanto, Slamet Riyadi, I Dewa Ketut Raka Ardiana
The development of the business world today has triggered the emergence of micro, small and medium businesses that exist in the global economy and offer a variety of food and beverage products that vary based on the market. This indirectly triggers competition between business actors and has the potential to trigger environmental damage if not taken seriously. This also increases the risk of environmental damage around the business location and environmental damage throughout Indonesia. Some efforts that can be made to overcome this are by implementing organizational culture at the business level. This study aims to analyse the relationship between organizational culture and environmental performance within small and medium enterprises in East Java. The type of research used is causal research. The research sample was as many as 400 respondents who fulfilled the research criteria. For the sampling technique, probability sampling was used with a cluster random sampling approach. The variables in this study are organizational culture and environmental performance. The data collection technique used in this study was a questionnaire. The data analysis method used in this research is descriptive statistics, classical assumption test, path analysis, F test and coefficient of determination test. Based on the results of the study, it can be concluded that there is no correlation between organizational culture and environmental performance in small and medium enterprises in the East Java region with a critical ratio (CR) value of 1.011 (smaller than 1,96) and a significance value (p-value) of 0,312
当今商业世界的发展引发了微型、小型和中型企业的出现,这些企业存在于全球经济中,并根据市场提供各种各样的食品和饮料产品。这间接引发了商业行为者之间的竞争,如果不加以重视,有可能引发环境破坏。这也增加了商业地点周围环境破坏的风险,以及整个印度尼西亚的环境破坏。可以通过在业务级别实现组织文化来克服这个问题。本研究旨在分析东爪哇中小企业的组织文化与环境绩效之间的关系。使用的研究类型是因果研究。调查对象是符合调查标准的400多人。在抽样技术上,采用概率抽样与聚类随机抽样相结合的方法。本研究的变量为组织文化和环境绩效。本研究采用问卷调查的方式收集数据。本研究使用的数据分析方法是描述性统计、经典假设检验、通径分析、F检验和决定系数检验。根据研究结果,东爪哇地区中小企业的组织文化与环境绩效之间不存在相关性,其临界比率(CR)值为1.011(小于1,96),显著性值(p值)为0,312
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引用次数: 0
Small Particles, Big Impact: Nano Fertilizers Reshaping Indian Agribusiness 小颗粒,大影响:纳米肥料重塑印度农业企业
Pub Date : 2023-09-26 DOI: 10.18535/ijsrm/v11i09.ah05
Deepak Lohar, Dr. Matukdhari Singh, Dr. R.P. Srivastava, Dr. Dinesh Baboo Tyagi
Maize, a globally significant staple crop, has long been synonymous with starch production. However, this review illuminates a lesser-explored facet of maize's biochemical profile, uncovering a treasure trove of hidden marvels beyond starch. We delve into the diverse world of maize varieties, each harboring a unique blend of bioactive compounds. From antioxidants, phytochemicals, and essential vitamins to minerals, maize offers an array of nutritional and therapeutic potential. Our exploration spans the health benefits conferred by these bioactive constituents, demonstrating their role in disease prevention and overall well-being. Moreover, the pharmaceutical and industrial sectors stand to gain from maize's biochemical versatility, with applications ranging from drug development to sustainable materials. This review underscores the pressing need for continued research into maize's biochemical wonders. In essence, this article celebrates maize's multifaceted nature, transcending its starch-centric reputation. We invite readers to recognize and harness the potential of maize's lesser-known biochemical marvels, fostering innovation in agriculture, nutrition, and beyond.
玉米是全球重要的主粮作物,长期以来一直是淀粉生产的代名词。然而,这篇综述阐明了玉米生化特征的一个较少探索的方面,揭示了淀粉之外隐藏奇迹的宝藏。我们深入研究了玉米品种的多样性,每一种都含有独特的生物活性化合物。从抗氧化剂、植物化学物质、必需维生素到矿物质,玉米提供了一系列营养和治疗潜力。我们的探索跨越了这些生物活性成分所赋予的健康益处,展示了它们在疾病预防和整体健康中的作用。此外,制药和工业部门将从玉米的生化多功能性中获益,其应用范围从药物开发到可持续材料。这一综述强调了继续研究玉米生化奇迹的迫切需要。从本质上讲,这篇文章颂扬玉米的多面性,超越了它以淀粉为中心的名声。我们邀请读者认识并利用玉米鲜为人知的生化奇迹的潜力,促进农业、营养等领域的创新。
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引用次数: 0
Mismatch Between Anthropometric Measurements of Occupational Drivers in Southwest Nigeria and Vehicle Seat Design Parameters 尼日利亚西南部职业司机的人体测量值与汽车座椅设计参数之间的不匹配
Pub Date : 2023-09-25 DOI: 10.18535/ijsrm/v11i09.ec05
Ayodele Samuel Onawumi, Nathaniel Abidem Akinrinade, Akinloye Samson Abisoye, Sodiq Olalekan Olalere, Friday Eloho Okojo, Olufemi Oluseun Sanyaolu
Most commercial vehicles used for transportation are not manufactured in Nigeria. As a result, the design of these vehicles, which relies on anthropometric measurements from the manufacturing countries, does not adequately accommodate the variations in anthropometric measurements of Nigerian drivers. This mismatch can lead to ergonomic risk and musculoskeletal disorders. Therefore, this study investigated the level of mismatch between drivers’ anthropometric characteristics and seat design variables of selected commercial vehicles. A total of 161 male drivers were randomly selected, and data was collected using standard Nordic questionnaires. The anthropometric characteristics of the drivers were measured using a stadiometer and measuring tape. Seat design variables were also measured using a tape rule and steel rule. The collected data were subjected to statistical analysis, including the calculation of means, standard deviations, and 5th, 50th, and 95th percentiles of the anthropometric measurements. The results revealed the average anthropometric measurements for sitting height (erect), sitting height (normal), shoulder height, buttock-knee length, and buttock-popliteal length to be 83.01, 77.86, 52.71, 57.07, and 50.20 cm, respectively. Comparing the results of the seat variables with the relevant anthropometric characteristics, a mismatch in the measurements was observed. This led to the conclusion that the existing commercial vehicle seats in the Southwest region are not compatible with the anthropometric dimensions of the drivers.
大多数用于运输的商用车辆都不是在尼日利亚制造的。因此,这些车辆的设计依赖于生产国的人体测量值,不能充分适应尼日利亚驾驶员人体测量值的差异。这种不匹配会导致人体工程学风险和肌肉骨骼疾病。因此,本研究考察了所选商用车驾驶员人体测量特征与座椅设计变量的不匹配程度。随机选取161名男性司机,采用北欧标准问卷收集数据。驾驶员的人体测量特征是用一个测速仪和卷尺测量的。座位设计变量也用卷尺和钢尺测量。对收集到的数据进行统计分析,包括计算平均值、标准差以及人体测量值的第5、第50和第95百分位。结果显示,受试者的平均坐高(直立)、坐高(正常)、肩高、臀膝长和臀腘长分别为83.01、77.86、52.71、57.07和50.20 cm。将座位变量的结果与相关人体测量特征进行比较,观察到测量结果不匹配。由此得出西南地区现有商用车座椅与驾驶员人体尺寸不匹配的结论。
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引用次数: 0
PROJECT LEARNDEMIC (Learning Assessment and Reading Development through Enhanced Modified Intervention and Collaboration) LEARNDEMIC项目(通过改进干预和协作的学习评估和阅读发展)
Pub Date : 2023-09-22 DOI: 10.18535/ijsrm/v11i09.ee01
Johnny D. Engada, Guarin Maguate
The CoViD-19 pandemic has brought serious impact to the various sectors of society especially in education where teachers experience difficulties in the teaching-learning process with their learners. Due to lack of internet connection, teachers of Ansulag Elementay School opted to use modular distance learning delivery mode where learners have to answer every activity or learning task provided in their module at home and submit such to their teacher as scheduled without the usual teacher-learner interactions. This affect learners’ access to quality instruction that affect their learning outcome. Thus, the learning gap between the abilities that learners would have developed in the context of standard educational practice and their actual learning is significantly noted. In line with the 2021 National Reading Month was themed “Bawat Bata Bumabasa Sa Kabila ng Hamon ng Pandemya,” (Every Child Reading Despite the Challenge of the Pandemic) as per DepEd Memorandum No.348, s.2021, the innovators crafted a reading innovation which is the Project LEARNDEMIC (Learning Assessment and Reading Development through Enhanced Modified Intervention and Collaboration). This is aligned with ECARP- Every Child A Reader Program, 3Bs or Bawat Bata Bumabasa, the Regional Innovation banner program: LIBRO or Literacy Initiatives Bridging Reading Opportunities and the division banner program E-RENE (Enhancement of REading and Numeracy towards Excellence). All these initiatives is in support to the DepEd’s mission and vision as well as the regional mantra that every child a champion as per RM Order No.753 s.2021.
新冠肺炎疫情给社会各领域特别是教育领域带来了严重影响,教师在与学生的教学过程中遇到了困难。由于没有互联网连接,Ansulag小学的老师们选择了模块化的远程学习交付模式,学习者必须在家完成模块中提供的每一个活动或学习任务,并按计划提交给老师,而没有通常的师生互动。这影响了学习者获得高质量教学的机会,从而影响了他们的学习成果。因此,学习者在标准教育实践背景下发展的能力与他们实际学习之间的学习差距是值得注意的。根据教育部第348号备忘录第2021条,2021年全国阅读月的主题为“让每个孩子在疫情挑战下阅读”,创新者制定了一项阅读创新,即LEARNDEMIC项目(通过改进干预和协作的学习评估和阅读发展)。这与ECARP(每个孩子都有一个读者计划,3Bs或Bawat Bata Bumabasa)、区域创新旗帜项目:LIBRO(弥合阅读机会的扫盲倡议)和分区旗帜项目E-RENE(提高阅读和计算能力,迈向卓越)相一致。所有这些举措都是为了支持教育部的使命和愿景,以及根据RM第753 s.2021号命令,每个孩子都是冠军的区域口号。
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引用次数: 0
Formula covering black holes and the industrial sample negative germ 公式涵盖黑洞和工业样品负胚芽
Pub Date : 2023-09-22 DOI: 10.18535/ijsrm/v11i09.aa03
Rezvan Alvandi
The main purpose of this study is to discuss the ways of neutralizing the resultant forces on the spacecraft in the black hole so that they can be equal to zero. Based on Einstein's relativity theory*, the intensity of the gravity force reduces the speed of the mass. But we all know that this formula is not true about black holes, since black holes' high gravity absorbs everything, including light. However, the issue of space craft’s passing through black holes with the speed of light is still debatable, although the required formula has not been discovered yet. In this paper, it has been attempted to discuss the ways of discovering the formula for calculating the forces imposed on the spacecraft and ways of neutralizing these forces, so that the spacecraft can successfully pass through the black holes. First, we tried to use the singularity to find the next location of the spacecraft's appearance. Then, we discussed how to produce the laboratory sample of negative germ to neutralize the resultant forces on the spacecraft.
本研究的主要目的是讨论如何中和黑洞中对航天器的合力,使其等于零。根据爱因斯坦的相对论*,重力的强度降低了质量的速度。但我们都知道这个公式不适用于黑洞,因为黑洞的高引力会吸收一切,包括光。然而,宇宙飞船以光速穿越黑洞的问题仍然存在争议,尽管所需的公式尚未发现。本文试图探讨如何找出航天器所受作用力的计算公式,以及如何中和这些作用力,使航天器顺利通过黑洞。首先,我们试图利用奇点来找到太空船出现的下一个位置。然后,我们讨论了如何制作阴性细菌的实验室样品来中和航天器上的合力。
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引用次数: 0
How We Can Travel Faster Than the Speed of Light 我们怎样才能比光速还快
Pub Date : 2023-09-22 DOI: 10.18535/ijsrm/v11i09.aa02
Rezvan Alvandi
Traveling faster than the speed of light in this era is one of the biggest dreams of a human, and it is still unsolved problem, many articles were downloaded about it but all of them were impractical and impossible in my mind, so I started to think about it, and design an experiment, there was related to one of the unsolved problem physics about rest mass and relativity mass. This association illustrates that by converting rest mass to relative mass the speed of observed object could approach to the speed of light or maybe go further. This finding assists to come up with a method to pass milky galaxy and even find any undiscovered galaxy around. According to my research, negative germs are some bacteria that are useful for traveling faster than the speed of light, so by tolerating lots of pressure, once researcher converted herself to a negative germ to travel in time. After this experience, noticed that the time has gone back for 3 hours. This is a fact which was dreamed for many scientists for many years. Indeed, changing into black germ to be able to travel back in time needs a thorough and complicated process which is available at the followings. By producing industrial sample of negative germ, we can go through black hole inside milky galaxy and then link to another black hole in other galaxy. Then talking about Singularity and how these circumstances are fashioned, which is a term of very quick program and at the end it will be explained why maybe rose gold galaxy would be the next destination of human life
在这个时代,超越光速是人类最大的梦想之一,也是一个尚未解决的问题,我下载了很多关于这个问题的文章,但在我的脑海中都是不切实际的,不可能的,所以我开始思考这个问题,设计了一个实验,它与物理学中尚未解决的一个问题有关,关于静止质量和相对论质量。这种联系说明,通过将静止质量转换为相对质量,观察到的物体的速度可以接近光速,甚至更远。这一发现有助于提出一种方法来通过银河系,甚至发现周围任何未被发现的星系。根据我的研究,负性细菌是一些细菌,它们可以比光速更快地传播,所以通过忍受很大的压力,一旦研究人员将自己转化为负性细菌,就可以进行时间旅行。经过这次体验,我发现时间倒退了3个小时。这是许多科学家多年来梦寐以求的事实。事实上,要想变成黑细菌并能够穿越时空,需要一个彻底而复杂的过程,如下所示。通过制造负胚芽的工业样品,我们可以穿过银河系内部的黑洞,然后连接到其他星系的另一个黑洞。然后讨论奇点以及这些环境是如何形成的,这是一个非常简短的课程,最后会解释为什么玫瑰金星系可能是人类生命的下一个目的地
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引用次数: 0
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International Journal of scientific research and management
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