International Journal of Phytoremediation最新文献

Phosphorus (P) is an essential element for life on earth and a limiting nutrient for plant growth. However, its availability in saline-alkaline soils is significantly reduced, adversely affecting plant productivity. Saline-alkaline soil is a widespread problem that severely affects plant growth and productivity. The Parthenium-derived biochar (PB) and Sewage sludge-derived biochar (SSB) were analyzed for pH, electric conductivity (EC), cation exchange capacity (CEC), calorific values (CV), and surface area (SSA). The phosphate solubilizing index (SI; 2.83 mM) and quantitative analysis (521.5 µg ml^-1) were suggested that PSB-01 efficient and the strain identified through 16S rRNA sequencing techniques. The experiment was based on completely randomized block design (CRBD) with triplicates. The results revealed that the application of PB, SSB, and PSB-01 significantly improved Spinacia oleracea (S. oleracea) growth as compared to the control. The highest growth was observed in the combined amendments as compared to single once in both 1% and 3%. The highest reduction in cation and anion concentrations was observed in the combined applications of PB, SSB and PSB-01 for 1% and 3%. The combined application of biochar along with PSB-01 can enhance soil properties (pH, CEC, SSA anoins and cations) and promote plant growth, offering a sustainable solution for saline-alkaline agricultural soil. This study employs an innovative approach by combining biochars derived from Parthenium and sewage sludge with phosphate-solubilizing bacteria (PSBs) to address multiple issues simultaneously: mitigating saline-alkaline soil, controlling Parthenium overgrowth, and managing sewage sludge problems.

This study investigated the impacts of exogenous amino acid supplementation on the uptake, translocation, and accumulation of yttrium (Y) in tomato plants (Solanum lycopersicum). To understand how amino acids enhance nutrient uptake and plant growth by using Hoagland nutrient solution. The results indicated that the combination of Y with glutamic acid (Y + Glu) significantly increased Y concentration in the leaves to 28.5 ± 1.42 µg g^-1, while the combination with histidine (Y + His) resulted in a markedly lower concentration of 2.7 ± 0.06 µg g^-1. Notably, glutamic acid proved to be particularly effective in enhancing Y accumulation in xylem sap. The control plants exhibited a higher xylem sap flow rate of 0.27 ± 0.008 g h^-1, which was significantly greater than those treated with amino acids (p < 0.05). Histidine levels were elevated in the Y + His treatment, reaching 194.78 ± 13.79 μmol L^-1, while tryptophan and aspartic acid showed their highest concentrations in their respective treatments at 109.92 ± 14.43 μmol L^-1 and 212.95 ± 13.65 μmol L^-1. These findings demonstrated that amino acid supplementation substantially enhanced the phytoextraction of Y in tomato plants, through the application of glutamic acid. Further exploration into the molecular mechanisms governing Y complexation and transport within plants through phytoremediation is needed.

This study addresses the environmental challenge posed by the invasive Prosopis juliflora plant by converting its stem into activated carbon for the adsorption of Methylene Blue dye from water. The goal is to create an effective and sustainable wastewater treatment solution. Prosopis juliflora stems were harvested, cleaned, dried, carbonized, and activated with zinc chloride to create Prosopis Juliflora Stem Activated Carbon. This activated carbon was characterized using Brunauer-Emmett-Teller surface area analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscope imaging. Results revealed a significant surface area of 158.107 m²/g and the presence of functional groups essential for adsorption processes. Batch adsorption experiments were conducted to determine the efficiency of activated carbon in removing Methylene Blue dye at various dosages and contact times. The highest adsorption efficiencies were 73.5% at 80 min, 90.1% at 60 min, and 90.65% at 50 min for dosages of 80, 100, and 120 mg, respectively. These findings show that Prosopis Juliflora Stem Activated Carbon is highly effective at removing Methylene Blue dye, providing a cost-effective and environmentally friendly method of wastewater treatment.

In this study, three microalgae species were cultivated using dairy and fish wastewater: Haematococcus pluvialis, Coelastrella saipanensis, and Chlorella sp. The process involved manipulating various physicochemical conditions, to determine optimal growth parameters. Our evaluation considered cell count, biomass productivity, specific growth rate, pigments, carbohydrates, proteins, lipid compositions, and cellulose stored in microalgae. A significant observation of highest cellulose accumulation was recorded in C. saipanensis cultivated in dairy waste (DW) medium (2.54 ± 0.042 µg/mg). In contrast, the species grown in fish waste (FW) media recorded a lower level (0.9405 ± 0.06 µg/mg) of cellulose. In DW, H. pluvialis and C. saipanensis accumulated substantial amounts of astaxanthin and carotenoid, respectively. Carbohydrate, protein, and lipid accumulation was maximized in DW culture, with H. pluvialis exhibiting a more incredible carbohydrate content. Lipid analysis showed as Chlorella sp. was capable of accumulating alpha-linolenic acid. The disparity may be attributed to DW's nutritional and mineral content, which encourages cellulose deposition. The FTIR analysis confirmed the accumulation of cellulose. These findings underscore the potential of DW and FW media as valuable resources for microalgal biofuel and ethanol production, offering a hopeful future for sustainable energy production.

This study examines the impact of airborne particulate matter (PM) and associated trace elements (TEs) on deciduous and coniferous trees at the edge of Wigry National Park in northeast Poland, focusing on pollution levels and the potential for phytoremediation. Researchers measured PM concentrations in the air and on the leaves of Picea abies, Quercus robur, and Corylus avellana, along with photosynthetic indicators (Fv/Fm ratio and performance index). The study found significant differences in pollution intensity across areas with varying levels of human activity. P. abies, an evergreen species, accumulated the highest PM levels (>200 μg/cm²), while Q. robur had the highest accumulation among deciduous trees (>50 μg/cm²). Trace elements such as Fe, Cu, Zn, Sr, and Cd were detected, with C. avellana being the most efficient in accumulating Cd (up to 7.5 mg/kg). The accumulation of pollutants correlated with reduced photosynthetic efficiency in trees closest to pollution sources. The findings suggest that strategically planting specific tree species can help mitigate air pollution in national parks and protect sensitive vegetation. Future research should explore the long-term effects of PM on forest health and the role of different species in phytoremediation.

This review article explores the applications of Basella alba (Malabar spinach), a fast-growing vine plant known for its numerous health benefits, culinary uses, and potential in dye and oil production. Fluoride contamination in water poses a significant global health and environmental challenge, particularly in regions where natural and industrial activities lead to elevated fluoride levels. Among its varied applications, B. alba has shown significant promise in the phytoremediation of contaminants in both water and soil, owing to its hyper accumulating capacities. The plant has a transfer factor value of more than 1 which means that there is higher accumulation of contaminants in parts of the plant than in soil. The objective of this review is to assess the feasibility of B. alba in contributing to sustainable water management solutions for fluoride contamination, while offering a comprehensive evaluation of its environmental remediation potential. The article examines the biosorption capabilities of B. alba based on its established use in phytoremediation, offering insights into its suitability for addressing fluoride contamination in water. This article is organized into sections starting with an introduction, which brings explains the global challenge of fluoride, and different treatment techniques justifying why biosorption needs to be considered, cases of application of phytoremediation using B. Alba, and finally exploring the success factors for plants that have been applied for both biosorption and phytoremediation.

Urbanization and industrialization are exponentially deteriorating air quality, ecosystems, and human health. Phytoremediation is cost cost-effective, sustainable, and nature-based solution against air pollution. This study is designed to evaluate four species, Chlorophytum comosum, Rhapis excelsa, Spathiphyllum wallisii, and Ficus benjamina for their phytoremediation potential. The experimental setup consisted of a sealed chamber to place potted plants and equipment, it was also connected to the vehicular exhaust pipe. The Air Pollution Tolerance Index was highest for F. benjamina (12.19) and lowest for Rhapis excels (8.58). C. comosum has the highest VOC removal efficiency (90%, 0.172 ppm h^-1). NO_x remediation was highest by F. benjamina with 0.057 ppm h^-1 (77%) removal efficiency. SO_x and CO were remediated more efficiently by C. comosum, as 89%, (0.18 ppm h^-1) and 80% (0.23 ppm h^-1), respectively. R. excelsa reduced a higher concentration of NH₃ (77%, 0.06 ppm h^-1) compared to other species. R. excelsa and S. wallisii may serve as bio-indicator species. These findings provide a sustainable, natural, economical, and eco-friendly way to mitigate air pollution. F. benjamina and C. comosum are suitable species for urban landscapes, green spaces, urban plantations, and green walls to curb air pollutants due to traffic and industries.

Present study identified metal accumulation potential, biochemical, growth, and human health risk attributes of wheat varieties (Zincol-16, NARC-09, NARC-11, Pakistan-13, Borlaug-16) cultivated in sewage sludge amended soils, that is, 80% soil + 20% sludge (C), 90% soil + 10% sludge (B) and 100% soil (control, A). Metal accumulation significantly varied (p < 0.05) among wheat varieties and the accretion pattern was roots > straw > grains. The Borlaug-16 was found most efficient for biochemical attributes, that is, proline (0.84), sugar (2.76) and total chlorophyll (2.35) in mg/g amongst selected varieties. Among treatments, maximum mean total chlorophyll (2.18), carotenoids (0.97), sugar (2.88) in mg/g, plant height (76.04 cm), weight per 1000 kernel (55 g) and spike length (4.17 cm) were recorded in B followed by A > C. However, mean membrane stability index%, that is, A (82.76)>B (75.26)>C (54.35) and mean proline contents, that is, C (0.49)>B (0.39)>A (0.29) in mg/g were recorded respectively. Mean hazard quotient and hazard index (HI) calculated on the basis of grain metal contents followed the trend, that is, C > B > A. The HI results revealed highest and lowest health risks associated with the consumption of Zincol-16 and Borlaug-16, respectively. The 'Borlaug-16' and 'sludge treatment B' are recommended for cultivation and as rate of application, respectively, for ensuring food safety and agro-ecological health.

The use of woody species for the remediation of heavy metal-contaminated soils is an environmentally friendly and economically viable strategy. This study investigates the phytoextraction abilities of 15 woody species for copper, lead and zinc in contaminated soil. The results indicated that all species showed phytoextraction ability, with metal concentrations varying from 5.59 to 27.45 mg·kg^-1 for Cu, 2.79 to 16.75 mg·kg^-1 for Pb and 22.13 to 185.72 mg·kg^-1 for Zn in the stem tissues depending on the species. Pterocarya stenoptera, Paulownia fortunei and Salix matsudana were identified as the top performers in terms of overall phytoextraction capacity. Notably, their capacity to transport zinc exceeded that of copper and lead. The enrichment of copper, lead and zinc in the soil showed a synergistic effect in the presence of heavy metal. The distribution of heavy metals within plant tissues was affected by water content and the inherent toxicity of metals. The study highlights that the accumulation of tree biomass and water content in the stem play a significant role in determining the amount of heavy metals phytoextracted. This insight offers a quick method for the rapid selection of woody species for phytoremediation in urban soils contaminated with heavy metals.

In the current study, coal fly ash contaminated soil was collected in and around Mettur Thermal Power Station, Salem district, Tamil Nadu. The metal concentrations present in the coal fly ash soil samples were analyzed and also used for the isolation of bacteria. The isolates were screened for their multi-metal resistance against three heavy metals (Cu, Ag and Pb) and plant growth-promoting traits (siderophore, phosphate solubilization, IAA, cellulase, HCN, and ammonia production). Among the 12 isolates, the WA4 strain revealed promising results for both metal-resistant and plant growth-promoting activity. In the in vitro pot experiment, Spinacia oleracea (Palak), Red amaranth (Red spinach), Capsicum annum (Green chilly) and Solanum melongena (Brinjal) plants were grown in ash-contaminated soil treated with different concentrations of selected bacterial inoculum (25%, 50%, 75% and 100%) along with a control pot. The results of the study indicated that the ash-contaminated soil treated with bacterial inoculum distinctly increased the growth of plants when compared to untreated soil (control). Thus, the best-performing strain WA4 could be utilized as a good bio-stimulant for promoting the growth of selected plants in the re-vegetation programs of ash-contaminated soil.