International Journal of Phytoremediation最新文献

The increasing contamination of soils by pesticides, particularly Chlorpyrifos (CPF), poses serious environmental threats. Phytoremediation is an emerging, sustainable, and cost-effective approach toward the remediation of pesticide-contaminated soils. This study explores the phytoremediation potential of Ricinus communis L. (castor bean) of Chlorpyrifos contaminated soils. Parameters such as seed germination percentage, vigor index, root and shoot length, and biomass were assessed under varying CPF concentrations. The presence of CPF in soil and plant tissues analyzed using GC-MS/MS over a 14-day period revealed complete degradation of CPF within 14 days, with no detectable residues either in soil/plant samples. Morphological assessments of Ricinus communis L. showed high tolerance to CPF stress, providing insightful evidence of Ricinus communis L. functioning both as a CPF accumulator and degrader, with no phytotoxic symptoms under pesticide loads. These findings introduce Ricinus communis L. as a novel, fast-acting, and eco-friendly phytoremediator, offering a practical solution for remediating organophosphate contaminated environments.

Heavy metal contamination in aquatic ecosystems poses significant environmental and public health risks. This study aimed to evaluate the of water lettuce (Pistia stratiotes) to remove Copper (Cu) and Lead (Pb) from highly polluted water in laboratory settings, with the goal of applying it to areas heavily contaminated with Cu and Pb. A second objective was to investigate its potential use in removing heavy metals and nutrients from the Bahr El Baqar drain. Also assessed the Pb adsorption capacity of its dry roots. This is due to its remarkable ability to accumulate high concentrations of lead in its roots. Samples of P. stratiotes were collected, acclimated and tested for the accumulation of Pb and Cu at 0.0, 25, 50, 100, 200, 400, and 800 mg L^-1 for 14 and 18 days. The BCF, TF and BAC were determined. Also, samples of P. stratiotes were examined for reducing or purifying the water of Bahr El Baqar Drain (a mixture of agricultural, industrial and sewage water), which is one of the largest major drains in Egypt polluted with heavy metals. Chlorophyll contents were estimated in P. stratiotes treated in Bahr El-Baqar drainage water, water polluted with 50 µg ml^-1 of each Pb Cu and water control for 6-day. A batch system was used for the kinetics and equilibrium biosorption of dry roots with Langmuir and Freundlich models. Results demonstrated that P. stratiotes effectively accumulated Pb in roots (67,379.69 mg kg^-1 at 800 mg L^-1 after 14 days) with minimal translocation to leaves (TF: 0.0003), whereas Cu showed significant shoot translocation (2,851.61 mg kg^-1, TF: 0.74). Despite chlorophyll reduction (26.31% at 50 mg L^-1 Pb) and carotenoid decline (99.3% at 50 mg L^-1 Cu), the plant exhibited high bioconcentration (BCF: 41.39 for Pb) and bioaccumulation (BAF: 7.03-29.29 for Cu), highlighting its suitability for phytostabilization and phytofiltration in contaminated systems. Dry roots outperformed conventional adsorbents in Pb adsorption (1,666.67 mg kg^-1 via Langmuir model). In Bahr El-Baqar water, P. stratiotes removed 100% of Pb, Cu, and Ni, and 94.47% of Zn within 18 days, while reducing electrical conductivity (33.2%), pH (3.35%), and nutrient levels (Ca: 79%, K: 91.74%, Mg: 21.43%). These findings confirm that P. stratiotes is a cost-effective solution for remediating metals and nutrients.

Heavy metal contamination, particularly from lead (Pb) and zinc (Zn), poses significant ecological and public health concerns. This study evaluated metal uptake, translocation, and tolerance in Gerbera jamesonii through a controlled hydroponic experiment with five Pb and Zn treatments (0, 5, 10, 15, and 30 mg L^-1), each replicated five times (n = 5), and a greenhouse pot experiment using five soil Pb treatments (S1-S5; 0-15202 mg kg^-1), each replicated eight times (n = 8), arranged in a completely randomized design. In hydroponics, Pb was largely immobilized in roots, with bioconcentration factors (BCF) > 1 and translocation factors (TF) near zero at all concentrations, confirming minimal root-to-shoot movement and strong phytostabilization potential. Zn showed moderate accumulation in roots and shoots at low concentrations but caused toxicity and complete mortality at 30 mg L^-1, indicating metal-specific physiological thresholds. In pot experiments, G. jamesonii displayed dose-dependent reductions in shoot and root biomass yet survived and continued accumulating Pb in roots under moderate contamination. Zn concentrations in plant tissues remained stable across soil treatments, suggesting efficient internal regulation. Overall, G. jamesonii effectively immobilizes Pb while exhibiting sensitivity to elevated Zn, supporting its suitability for Pb phytostabilization in contaminated soils, with further research needed to refine field-scale applications.

The study examined the effects of industrial solid waste (ISW) and the potential of 24-epibrassinolide, melatonin, and their combination to enhance the phytoremediation of the fenugreek plant. Trigonella foenum-graecum L. plants were grown in soils amended with varying concentrations of ISW (0, 5, 10, and 15%) and treated with 24-epibrassinolide, melatonin, and their combination for 60-days. The physicochemical properties of the ISW were analyzed before and after plant harvesting. The results showed that exposure to ISW toxicity significantly reduced the growth parameters and altered the characteristics of the fenugreek plants. Melatonin and epibrassinolide boosted antioxidant activity and mitigated metal-induced stress. Metal analysis showed a substantial reduction in concentrations across all solid waste treatments, suggesting successful metal remediation. The lowest metal uptake was observed at 5% solid waste concentration, while the highest was at 10% concentration. Fenugreek accumulates lead highly compared with nickel and cadmium (Pb > Ni > Cd). Melatonin applied at a 10% concentration of industrial solid waste proved to be a highly effective stimulant in mitigating metal stress in fenugreek plants grown in metal-contaminated soil, by significantly reducing metal uptake and translocation to various parts of the plant, thereby promoting plant growth and development in polluted soil.

Heavy metal pollution from industrial wastewater poses significant threats to agricultural productivity and human health, with global cropland contamination affecting 14-17% of areas. This study evaluated microwave-irradiated sugarcane biochar (BC) for enhancing Phyto stabilization in Capsicum annuum L. exposed to synthetic wastewater (WW) containing chromium (Cr), lead (Pb), and copper (Cu). Biochar prepared at 700 °C (0, 2, 5, 10 g) subjected to microwave irradiations for 0, 30, 60 and 90 s for 1 and 2 h' adsorption batch experiments. The highest adsorption was achieved at 60s with irradiated BC 10 g in 2 h' experiment where more than 80% Pb, Cu and Cr was removed. This Optimized BC (60s) doses (0, 1, 5 g/kg soil) were integrated into pot experiment with wastewater concentrations (0, 25, 50, 100%). Results indicated 75.5% reduction in leaf dry biomass at 100% wastewater without BC, mitigated by 73.1% increase with 5 g/kg BC; metal uptake decreased 18.4-25.0%; photosynthetic pigments rose 24.4-66.4%; oxidative stress markers (MDA, H₂O₂) declined 57.8-60.6%; antioxidants surged 631.2-686.9% under stress but balanced with amendment. PCA and correlations confirmed BC's role in decoupling stress-growth tradeoffs, offering a sustainable, low-cost remediation strategy for contaminated agroecosystems.

This study assesses the ability of Salvinia molesta, Pistia stratiotes, and Ludwigia adscendens to remove metals from industrial wastewater using hydroponic culture. Industrial wastewater samples showed declining water quality parameters and potentially toxic metals above standard values. Chromium, cadmium, copper, zinc, nickel, and lead concentrations in plant samples were found as root > leaf and increased with effluent strength (100%>50%>control). The perceived bioaccumulation factor (BAF), translocation factor (TF), and metal extraction rate (MER) indicated that Cr, Cd, Cu, and Pb uptake followed the order as S. molesta > P. stratiotes > L. adscendens. S. molesta was most effective at extracting lead (85% removal, BAF = 22967, MER = 7751.6), while L. adscendens was most efficient for Cd absorption (78.8%), and P. stratiotes excelled in removing Cr (80.8%), Cu (78.3%), and Zn (BAF = 22206, TF = 91) from 100% effluent. Metals removal was significant (p < 0.05) by root and leaf of S. molesta and L. adscendens, and root versus leaf of S. molesta and P. stratiotes at 100% effluents. The evaluated macrophytes demonstrated significant removal of metals, functioned as hyperaccumulators (BAF > 100), adhering to the sequence BAF_root/water > BAF_leaf/water > TF_leaf/root. This accumulation pattern boosts removal efficiency and underscores their significant role in improving water quality.

Constructed wetlands offer an eco-friendly, phytoremediation-based solution for managing industrial effluents. Hybrid constructed wetlands are gaining attention for improved pollutant removal, yet the role of flow configuration remains insufficiently explored. This study compares two hybrid vertical-horizontal flow and horizontal-vertical flow constructed wetlands for treating textile wastewater under identical operational conditions. Performance was evaluated based on pollutant removal and the physiological responses of Phragmites karka. The vertical-horizontal flow to horizontal-vertical flow system showed higher removal efficiencies for chemical oxygen demand (85.07%), color (60.6%), chloride (69.66%), bicarbonate (93.12%), calcium (66.83%), sodium (73.08%), and potassium (79.18%), also plants in this unit exhibited greater pigment, protein, starch, and sugar contents, while antioxidative enzymes were lower, indicating reduced oxidative stress. These results suggest that initiating treatment with a vertical flow stage promotes better oxygenation, enhanced microbial activity, and healthier plant performance. Overall, the vertical-horizontal flow to horizontal-vertical flow configuration represents a more effective and biologically favorable hybrid constructed wetland design for sustainable textile wastewater treatment. Extended pilot- and field-scale assessments coupled with integrated eco-technologies and cost analysis are needed to refine key design variables and validate system performance under real-world conditions, to support the development of scalable, cost-effective, and sustainable treatment strategies for large-scale applications.

Plant growth is usually compromised by abiotic and biotic stressors that decrease germination, yield, and synthesis of useful metabolites. Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) have exhibited potential in increasing plant tolerance and metabolic yield. This research assesses the impact of ZnO-NPs on Stevia rebaudiana and Ocimum basilicum in a randomized pot experiment with seed priming at concentrations of 0-250 mg L^-1. The nanoparticles were identified through UV-vis spectroscopy (maximum absorption at 380 nm), FTIR, and XRD, proving their crystalline hexagonal wurtzite nature and functional groups (C = O, C-O, O-H). Germination in O. basilicum was highest at 50 mg L^-1, with maximum shoot and root growth at 100 mg L^-1, whereas Stevia showed a positive response only at 50 mg L^-1. GC-MS analysis revealed remarkable enhancement of fatty acids, phenols, and terpenes in ZnO-NP treatment. These observations imply ZnO-NPs have the potential to promote plant growth and secondary metabolite production, yet species- and dose-dependent effects need to be considered with care.

This study investigated heavy metals accumulation in Neltuma juliflora leaves, roots, and adjacent soils along a gradient of traffic intensity, and examined its morpho-physiological and biochemical responses to evaluate its suitability as a bioindicator and phytoremediator. Soil and plant samples were collected from low, moderate, high, and urban traffic zones within 0-500 m of roadways. Metal concentrations were markedly elevated in high-traffic areas. Washing the leaves significantly decreased surface metal deposition, notably Ni (59%), Cr (46%), and Cd (39%). Increased traffic density reduce stomatal and epidermal cell size, chlorophyll content, membrane stability index, while enhancing stomatal density, relative water content, ascorbic acid, and phenolic compounds. These results demonstrate the tolerance capacity of N. juliflora and support its use in monitoring and mitigating roadside heavy metal pollution.

This study transformed solid waste from Glycyrrhiza glabra (licorice) roots into activated carbon (LIQ-AC) by a microwave-assisted chemical activation method utilizing phosphoric acid (H₃PO₄). The prepared LIQ-AC served as the adsorbent for cationic dyes (crystal violet; CV, and methyl violet; MV). The adsorption optimization was conducted using Response Surface Methodology with Box-Behnken Design (RSM-BBD) for the adsorption parameters (LIQ-AC dosage (0.02-0.1 g/100 mL, pH of 4-10, and contact time of 5-60 min, and 25 °C). The accuracy of the developed BBD model was confirmed by ANOVA analysis, with F-values of 138.27 for CV and 388.49 for MV, and corresponding p-values <0.0001, indicating that the models are highly significant. The optimum adsorption conditions predicted by the model were a LIQ-AC dosage of 0.1 g/100 mL, pH 7, and a contact time of 60 min, achieving maximum dye removal efficiencies of 93.3% for CV and 94.6% for MV. The kinetic and isotherm analyses demonstrated that the adsorption of CV and MV onto LIQ-AC followed the pseudo second order (PSO) kinetic model and conformed to the Freundlich isotherm. These results indicate that the adsorption process is governed by chemisorption on heterogeneous surface sites. The maximum adsorption capacity (q_max) of LIQ-AC was 125 mg/g for CV and 140 mg/g for MV. Overall, this study shows the successful application of circular economy approach via conversion of biomass solid waste to bioadsorbent, where the latter revealing outstanding adsorption performance toward cationic dyes.