International Journal of Phytoremediation最新文献

This review article explores the applications of Basella alba (Malabar spinach), a fast-growing vine plant known for its numerous health benefits, culinary uses, and potential in dye and oil production. Fluoride contamination in water poses a significant global health and environmental challenge, particularly in regions where natural and industrial activities lead to elevated fluoride levels. Among its varied applications, B. alba has shown significant promise in the phytoremediation of contaminants in both water and soil, owing to its hyper accumulating capacities. The plant has a transfer factor value of more than 1 which means that there is higher accumulation of contaminants in parts of the plant than in soil. The objective of this review is to assess the feasibility of B. alba in contributing to sustainable water management solutions for fluoride contamination, while offering a comprehensive evaluation of its environmental remediation potential. The article examines the biosorption capabilities of B. alba based on its established use in phytoremediation, offering insights into its suitability for addressing fluoride contamination in water. This article is organized into sections starting with an introduction, which brings explains the global challenge of fluoride, and different treatment techniques justifying why biosorption needs to be considered, cases of application of phytoremediation using B. Alba, and finally exploring the success factors for plants that have been applied for both biosorption and phytoremediation.

Urbanization and industrialization are exponentially deteriorating air quality, ecosystems, and human health. Phytoremediation is cost cost-effective, sustainable, and nature-based solution against air pollution. This study is designed to evaluate four species, Chlorophytum comosum, Rhapis excelsa, Spathiphyllum wallisii, and Ficus benjamina for their phytoremediation potential. The experimental setup consisted of a sealed chamber to place potted plants and equipment, it was also connected to the vehicular exhaust pipe. The Air Pollution Tolerance Index was highest for F. benjamina (12.19) and lowest for Rhapis excels (8.58). C. comosum has the highest VOC removal efficiency (90%, 0.172 ppm h^-1). NO_x remediation was highest by F. benjamina with 0.057 ppm h^-1 (77%) removal efficiency. SO_x and CO were remediated more efficiently by C. comosum, as 89%, (0.18 ppm h^-1) and 80% (0.23 ppm h^-1), respectively. R. excelsa reduced a higher concentration of NH₃ (77%, 0.06 ppm h^-1) compared to other species. R. excelsa and S. wallisii may serve as bio-indicator species. These findings provide a sustainable, natural, economical, and eco-friendly way to mitigate air pollution. F. benjamina and C. comosum are suitable species for urban landscapes, green spaces, urban plantations, and green walls to curb air pollutants due to traffic and industries.

Present study identified metal accumulation potential, biochemical, growth, and human health risk attributes of wheat varieties (Zincol-16, NARC-09, NARC-11, Pakistan-13, Borlaug-16) cultivated in sewage sludge amended soils, that is, 80% soil + 20% sludge (C), 90% soil + 10% sludge (B) and 100% soil (control, A). Metal accumulation significantly varied (p < 0.05) among wheat varieties and the accretion pattern was roots > straw > grains. The Borlaug-16 was found most efficient for biochemical attributes, that is, proline (0.84), sugar (2.76) and total chlorophyll (2.35) in mg/g amongst selected varieties. Among treatments, maximum mean total chlorophyll (2.18), carotenoids (0.97), sugar (2.88) in mg/g, plant height (76.04 cm), weight per 1000 kernel (55 g) and spike length (4.17 cm) were recorded in B followed by A > C. However, mean membrane stability index%, that is, A (82.76)>B (75.26)>C (54.35) and mean proline contents, that is, C (0.49)>B (0.39)>A (0.29) in mg/g were recorded respectively. Mean hazard quotient and hazard index (HI) calculated on the basis of grain metal contents followed the trend, that is, C > B > A. The HI results revealed highest and lowest health risks associated with the consumption of Zincol-16 and Borlaug-16, respectively. The 'Borlaug-16' and 'sludge treatment B' are recommended for cultivation and as rate of application, respectively, for ensuring food safety and agro-ecological health.

The use of woody species for the remediation of heavy metal-contaminated soils is an environmentally friendly and economically viable strategy. This study investigates the phytoextraction abilities of 15 woody species for copper, lead and zinc in contaminated soil. The results indicated that all species showed phytoextraction ability, with metal concentrations varying from 5.59 to 27.45 mg·kg^-1 for Cu, 2.79 to 16.75 mg·kg^-1 for Pb and 22.13 to 185.72 mg·kg^-1 for Zn in the stem tissues depending on the species. Pterocarya stenoptera, Paulownia fortunei and Salix matsudana were identified as the top performers in terms of overall phytoextraction capacity. Notably, their capacity to transport zinc exceeded that of copper and lead. The enrichment of copper, lead and zinc in the soil showed a synergistic effect in the presence of heavy metal. The distribution of heavy metals within plant tissues was affected by water content and the inherent toxicity of metals. The study highlights that the accumulation of tree biomass and water content in the stem play a significant role in determining the amount of heavy metals phytoextracted. This insight offers a quick method for the rapid selection of woody species for phytoremediation in urban soils contaminated with heavy metals.

In the current study, coal fly ash contaminated soil was collected in and around Mettur Thermal Power Station, Salem district, Tamil Nadu. The metal concentrations present in the coal fly ash soil samples were analyzed and also used for the isolation of bacteria. The isolates were screened for their multi-metal resistance against three heavy metals (Cu, Ag and Pb) and plant growth-promoting traits (siderophore, phosphate solubilization, IAA, cellulase, HCN, and ammonia production). Among the 12 isolates, the WA4 strain revealed promising results for both metal-resistant and plant growth-promoting activity. In the in vitro pot experiment, Spinacia oleracea (Palak), Red amaranth (Red spinach), Capsicum annum (Green chilly) and Solanum melongena (Brinjal) plants were grown in ash-contaminated soil treated with different concentrations of selected bacterial inoculum (25%, 50%, 75% and 100%) along with a control pot. The results of the study indicated that the ash-contaminated soil treated with bacterial inoculum distinctly increased the growth of plants when compared to untreated soil (control). Thus, the best-performing strain WA4 could be utilized as a good bio-stimulant for promoting the growth of selected plants in the re-vegetation programs of ash-contaminated soil.

Soil pollution with petroleum products is an urgent public health and environmental problem. Therefore, innovative solutions for cleaning soils contaminated with petroleum products are needed. One such solution is rhizodegradation, which is recognized as a sustainable and effective method of in situ soil remediation. Much of the previous research was done with monocultures, therefore the effects of different combinations of plants on the removal of petroleum products remain ambiguous. These studies evaluated three different herbaceous plant mixtures for the removal of total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPHs) from contaminated soil. Promising results were obtained. Selected herbaceous plant species and their mixtures can be successfully grown in contaminated soil at a contamination level of 6,817 mg/kg TPH DW according to the selected cultivation strategy. After applying a complex of biotechnology and agronomic solutions, the morphological and morphometric indicators revealed the good adaptability and tolerance of the selected herbaceous plants to growing in contaminated soil. After two years of pot testing application of different mixtures of herbaceous plants, the TPH (C₆-C₄₀) removal potential reached 85-90%.

The toxic Cr(VI) contaminating water released from the metallurgical, dyeing, and electroplating industries is getting worse day by day and is extremely hazardous to human health. Thus, the development of a cost-effective, quick, and efficient adsorbent is highly essential for the Cr(VI) decontamination from wastewater. Herein, a microwave-assisted carbon-based composite called Mg-Fe LDH@OPAC was prepared by assembling Mg-Fe LDH onto orange peel-activated carbon (OAPC). Prior to investigating deeply into the adsorption behavior of the composite, the Mg-Fe LDH@OPAC formation was confirmed by using instrumental techniques like FESEM, EDS, Zeta potential, XRD, FTIR, Raman, XPS, and BET analyzer. The material had a high surface area of 143.9 m²/g and showed a good monolayer Langmuir uptake capacity of 118.36 mg/g. Under ideal circumstances, the maximum amount of Cr(VI) was removed within just 120 min and showed high efficiency in the presence of other coexisting anions respectively. The adsorption was accounted by pseudo-second-order kinetics and spontaneous in nature. Ultimately, a possible adsorption mechanism was suggested, confirmed by XPS studies; which showed that oxidation-reduction, electrostatic interaction, and surface complexation reaction were responsible for Cr(VI) adsorption on Mg-Fe LDH@OPAC surface.

Plants face numerous environmental challenges from biotic and abiotic stressors, with soil salinization emerging as a significant global concern. The coastal regions of Tamil Nadu, face severe environmental challenges due to discharge of saline water from shrimp farms exacerbates this issue, compromising the viability of paddy and other crops in the vicinity. This study explores the phytoremediation potential of Suaeda fruticosa in addressing soil salinity resulting from shrimp farming activities under field conditions over a 120-day period to restore soil health in salt affected soil. This research demonstrates Suaeda fruticosa's exceptional salt tolerance and bioaccumulation potential in facilitating soil restoration. Significant enhancements were observed in various growth parameters, including 466% increase in plant height, 338% in fresh weight and 387% in dry weight. Biochemical parameters also showed substantial enhancements with total chlorophyll, protein, proline, phenol, and glycinebetaine levels increasing by 655%, 588%, 690%, 153%, and 531%, respectively. Enzymatic activities exhibited notable elevations as well, with catalase, peroxidase, and polyphenol oxidase activities escalating by 258%, 587%, and 121% respectively, indicating robust adaptation to saline environments. Moreover, Suaeda fruticosa exhibited remarkable bioaccumulation capabilities, accumulating 461 kg NaCl ha^-1. This led to substantial improvements in soil characteristics, including a reduction in pH from 8.8 to 6.49, electrical conductivity from 5.7 to 1.53 dSm^-1, and sodium adsorption ratio from 16.1 to 4.4 mmol L^-1. The successive cultivation of Suaeda fruticosa in this study, has proven to be a viable strategy for reclaiming salt-affected lands, thereby alleviating a significant constraint on crop productivity.

The goal of this study is to examine the reactions of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) plants to both untreated greywater and treated greywater filtered through a zeolite. In a randomized block arrangement, tomato plants were irrigated with greywater, treated greywater, or tap water. Number and total fecal coliforms were found in soil, tomato leaves, and fruits. Compared to tap water, greywater has higher levels of Ec, TDS, and COD. The average fruit weight and number for plants irrigated with tap water was 64.42 g and 4.2, while those irrigated with treated greywater were 55.4 g and 3.6, exceeding those irrigated with untreated greywater 39.6 g and 3.2. Treated greywater irrigation increased total chlorophyll content (SPAD) from 57.6 to 62.4 and relative water content from 49.6% to 63%. The leaves contained lower levels of proline (55.9 μmol/g) and total soluble sugar (32.24 mg/g). Researchers found total fecal coliforms in the soil, tomato leaves, and fruits. According to the research, treated greywater may prevent contamination of soil and save water.

This study analyzed changes in physicochemical properties of the soil under various substrate conditions, as well as the interactions between ryegrass and heavy metals. Results indicated that biochar significantly improved soil physicochemical properties, such as an increase in electrical conductivity by 34.8%, enhancement of pH from 7.13 to 7.32, and augmentation in organic matter by 152%. Moreover, readily available phosphorus and alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen increased by 237% and 122% respectively, while soil cation exchange capacity rose by 135%. This contributes to plant growth and the maintenance of soil fertility. The biochar addition also led to a decrease in the proportion of fine soil particles by 20%, significantly enhancing structure and stability of soil aggregates and promoting the formation of larger aggregates, crucial for improving soil aeration, water retention, and root permeability. The addition of biochar notably altered the chemical forms of heavy metals in soil, promoting their transformation from bioavailable forms to more stable and less toxic forms, effectively reducing the bioavailability and mobility of heavy metals, and decreasing their environmental toxicity. The addition of biochar, by changing the chemical forms of heavy metals, not only enhanced germination rate of ryegrass seeds but also improved the overall growth state of ryegrass.