International Journal of Phytoremediation最新文献

This study investigated the regulatory mechanism of exogenous Jasmonic acid (JA) in detoxifying Cu stress in guinea grass (Panicum maximum). Seedlings were treated with Cu (300 µM), JA (10 µM), and their combinations via Hoagland solution in controlled growth chambers for 30 days. The results indicated that Cu stress significantly reduced superoxide dismutase (-51.2%) and peroxidase (-38.0%), chlorophyll content, net photosynthetic rate (Pn), and led to decreases in leaf length, width, plant height, and biomass (-49.7%). Conversely, exogenous JA effectively mitigated the adverse effects of Cu stress by reducing membrane damage, and increasing chlorophyll, Pn (+107%), and antioxidant enzymes (p < 0.05), and biomass (+84.7%), modifying associated metabolites. A total of 63 metabolites with differential accumulations were identified when exposed to JA, Cu, or their combination, mainly including amino acids, organic acids, and carbohydrates. Excessive Cu significantly reduced the levels of capric acid, salicylic acid, and glucosaminic acid, while increasing malic acid and serine content, which are primarily involved in regulating the citrate cycle and alanine-aspartate and glutamate metabolism. Overall, these findings demonstrates that guinea grass alleviates Cu toxicity by enhancing photosynthetic efficiency, antioxidant enzyme activity, and modifying associated metabolites and pathways under JA, thereby exhibiting potential for phytoremediation of Cu stress.

This study aimed to measure the bioremediation potential of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) and plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) in enhancing maize growth under contaminated conditions. The irrigation water used was effluent from tube well and Hitech Industries Taxila (HIT), both containing Fe and Mn levels exceeding permissible limits. Tap water irrigation served as the control. Notably, the Cr levels in HIT effluent water were 280% higher than the permissible limits set by the World Health Organization (WHO 2011). The HIT water showed 64.11%, 200%, and 24% higher content of Ca, K, and Na as compared to control. Seeds were soaked for 2h prior to sowing in 71-h old Pseudomonas stutzeri (P. stutzeri) (Gene bank accession no. KX574858) culture, at concentration of 10⁸ cells/mL. The toxic effects of chromium (Cr) leads to a reduction in photosynthetic activity. The results showed that the combined treatment of AgNPs and PGPR increased flavonoid, phenolic, and carotenoid activities by 78%, 167%, and 55%, respectively, in tube well-irrigated plants. Additionally, PGPR and AgNPs effectively reduced oxidative stress by enhancing the activities of enzymes, superoxide dismutase (SOD), phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL), and peroxidase (POD) in maize irrigated with tube well water. The study demonstrates the potential of AgNPs and PGPR in mitigating the adverse effects of heavy metal (HM) toxicity on maize plants. The findings suggest that maize plants irrigated with high Cr-contaminated water exhibited enhanced metal tolerance when treated with PGPR. The key objective of this study was to explore the individual effects of P. stutzeri and AgNPs on the stabilization of Mn, Fe, and Cr, and their impact on maize physiological responses. This study also evaluated the role of AgNPs and P. stutzeri in enhancing the availability and uptake of phosphorus (P) and nitrogen (N) macronutrients in rhizospheric soil irrigated with HM-contaminated water.

Phytoremediation is an environmentally friendly and low-cost technology for remediating petroleum contaminated soils. This review analyzed the publications indexed in the Scopus database between 2015 and 2025. The number of publications and citations related to the phytoremediation of petroleum hydrocarbons has increased rapidly, presumably due to the growing environmental pollution of petrochemicals worldwide. China emerged as the most productive country, followed by India and the United States, respectively. The majority of publications were found in Environmental Science and Pollution Research, International Journal of Phytoremediation, Chemosphere, Science of the Total Environment, and Journal of Hazardous Materials. The top five keywords in this field were bioremediation, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, petroleum hydrocarbons, rhizoremediation, and heavy metals, excluding phytoremediation. The keyword analysis showed a focus on co-contaminated soil, plant-microbial interaction, amendment-assisted phytoremediation, and phytotoxicity. This bibliometric review provides valuable insights for future directions related to the phytoremediation of petroleum hydrocarbons.

This study explores the transformation of oil condensate waste (OCW) into activated carbons (ACs) as an efficient solution for managing condensate waste within palm oil mill, while providing a sustainable alternative for dye removal from wastewater. OCW was chemically activated using sulfuric acid (CH samples) and zinc chloride (CZ samples), followed by comprehensive characterization of their elemental composition, surface chemistry, and textural properties. The resulting activated carbons exhibited specific surface areas ranging from 427.85 to 493.42 m²/g with the maximum adsorption capacities of 230.5 mg/g. Adsorption performance was evaluated using isotherm and kinetic models, with the pseudo-second-order model providing the best fit, indicative of a chemisorption mechanism. Thermodynamic parameters further revealed that the adsorption process was both endothermic and spontaneous in nature. The results demonstrate the potential of activated carbons derived from OCW as efficient and sustainable adsorbents for wastewater treatment applications.

Industrial wastewater pollution is an environmental problem that affects ecosystems and communities. Phycoremediation offers an eco-friendly alternative for contaminant removal. This study evaluated the efficiency of Tetradesmus obliquus (To), Chlorella sorokiniana (Cs), and Chlorella vulgaris (Cv) in treating dairy wastewater. Microalgae were cultivated in photobioreactors at four dilution rates (0.20, 0.25, 0.30, and 0.35d^-1). The initial wastewater contained pH 7.79 ± 0.50, total nitrogen (TN) 188 ± 0.50 mg L^-1, total phosphorus (TP) 20.45 ± 0.17 mg L^-1, chemical oxygen demand (COD) 8400 ± 52mgO₂L^-1, Mn 2.02mgL^-1, Al 217.43mgL^-1, Cr 0.04μgL^-1, total coliforms (TC) 3800CFUmL^-1, and Escherichia coli (EC) 100CFUmL^-1. All microalgae showed high removal efficiency, with 0.20d^-1 as the optimal rate. After treatment, To0.20 reduce TN 97.3 ± 0.71mgL^-1, TP 2.39 ± 0.16mgL^-1, COD 570 ± 2mgO₂L^-1, Mn 0.06 ± 0.00mgL^-1, Al 0.07 ± 0.00mgL^-1, Cr 0.02 ± 0.00µgL^-1, TC and EC not detected. Cs0.2, it was TN 4.94 ± 0.35mgL^-1, TP 6.59 ± 0.23mgL^-1, COD 432 ± 13mgO₂L^-1, Mn 0.06 ± 0.00mgL^-1, Al 0.03 ± 0.01mgL^-1, TC 4 ± 0CFU mL^-1, Cr and EC not detected and Cv0.2, it was TN 5.15 ± 0.89mgL^-1, TP 5.77 ± 0.05mgL^-1, COD 450 ± 14mgO₂L^-1, Mn 0.06 ± 0.00mgL^-1, Al, Cr, TC and EC not detected. The best treatment was Cv0.20, which eliminated 99% TN, 72% TP, 95% COD, and 100% TC and EC. This study provides new insights into using different microalgae and dilution rates to produce remediated effluent meeting irrigation standards.

The high content of toxic metals (TMs) in tannery solid waste (TSW) necessitates a synergistic approach for its remediation. The research focused on the derivation of TSW biochar and its autochthonous microbes as an integrated approach for phytoextraction of TMs. For this, TSW autochthonous strains of Bacillus and Trichoderma viride were used alone and in combination with TSW biochar treatments of 2.5, 5, and 10% (w/w), namely; BC1, BC2, BC3. Surface analyses of TSW biochar through SEM and FTIR demonstrated the agglomeration and deposition of inorganic moieties and exchangeable functional sites on the biochar surface. The combined treatment of TSW biochar along with Bacillus and T. viride revealed significantly improved TMs uptake (Cr 540.01 mg kg^-1 > Cd 380.44 mg kg^-1 > Pb 224.44 mg kg^-1) and plant biomass at 10% TSW biochar amendment. However, TMs content was found below the limit of detection (LOD) in seeds of sunflower. Biochemical responses such as total soluble protein content (73.61%), total chlorophyll content (12.69%), catalase (80.66%), and superoxide dismutase (82.31%) were improved under treatment assisted with microbial inoculum as compared to control. This integrated method promotes environmental sustainability and agricultural production by addressing the challenges associated with handling of TSW.

Solution combustion method (SCM), with urea as a fuel, is a convenient method to synthesize nickel oxide (NiO) nanoparticles. NiO nanoparticles have been characterized using UV-visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with EDX, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and BET surface area determination. The average size of the NiO nanoparticles is 22 nm, and it has a band gap of 3.17 eV. It also showed a cubical assembly. Furthermore, the average size of NiO nanoparticles has been confirmed via TEM analysis, which is 25 nm. Malachite green (MG) and Janus green blue (JGB) dye degradation under solar irradiation could be prevented with synthetic NiO nanoparticles with the modification of catalytic concentration, pH, and the dye concentrations. The NiO nanoparticles demonstrated superior photocatalytic degradation against MG, and JGB as 97% and 96%. The catalyst concentration, pH, and dye concentration were varied with the aim to measure the degradation efficiency. A dye concentration of 1 × 10^-4 mol/dm³ and a dye pH of 4 provided the most effective results.

To alleviate selenium (Se) stress, the effects of serotonin (SER, 150 μmol/L) on the growth and Se accumulation of Cyphomandra betacea seedlings under Se stress (1.0 mg/L) were assessed. The results indicated that SER increased the biomass and photosynthetic pigment content of C. betacea seedlings under Se stress, while reducing the antioxidant enzymes activities, root Se content, and shoot Se content. Compared with Se treatment, SER decreased the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase (POD) by 34.08% and 25.22%, respectively, and decreased the contents of root Se and shoot Se by 12.79% and 17.14%, respectively. Furthermore, correlation, principal component, and cluster analyses revealed that the root Se content, SOD activity, and POD activity were closely correlated with the shoot Se content. Therefore, SER can alleviate Se-induced toxicity, and inhibit the Se accumulation of C. betacea seedlings.

Winter evergreen shrubs play a vital role in mitigating atmospheric particulate matter (PM) and potentially toxic elements (PTEs). This study evaluated PM retention and PTE accumulation in four shrub species from northern Jiangsu. Rhododendron × pulchrum exhibited the greatest PM retention (0.1082 mg/cm²) and the highest accumulation of Cr, Mn, Ni, As, Cd, and Pb in both surface deposits and leaf tissues. PM distribution was dominated by coarse particles (PM_>10, 71.60%), followed by PM_2.5-10 (21.60%) and PM_0.2-2.5 (6.81%), with Buxus megistophylla showing superior capacity for fine particle (PM_0.2-2.5) capture. Photinia × fraseri displayed elevated Hg levels (0.040 mg/kg), whereas Pittosporum tobira accumulated the highest Zn concentrations (36.041 mg/kg). Leaf PM load was strongly and positively correlated with most PTEs (p < 0.01). Notably, Cu and Pb in P. tobira leaves and Pb in B. megistophylla leaves were significantly correlated with the corresponding elements in leaf-associated PM (p < 0.05). These results confirm that PM of different size fractions exhibits distinct selective adsorption patterns for atmospheric PTEs. Overall, R. pulchrum appears to be a promising understory shrub species for greening in PTE-contaminated environments.

The current study prepares a confluence of all arsenic remediation strategies by Eichhornia crassipes (E. crassipes) in various forms along with the current arsenic scenario across the world. Conventionally engineered remediation tools have been discussed and research gaps in finding simple, cost-effective, greener approaches have been emphasized. Outstanding biosorption efficiency and underdeveloped mechanism of complexation with metal and other water contaminants by the living plant and its biomass might be quite fascinating. It can reveal broad scopes of research to extract many outstanding end-use outcomes in water treatment. The study is classified into three major sections, viz. global arsenic impact, existing tools to combat it - their pros and cons - and prospects of E. crassipes in its remediation. Performances in their different forms (living and nonliving) have been critically reviewed. Alongside, arsenic chemistry and distribution are briefly covered and a few proposed mechanisms of its remediation by the plant also have been assessed. Focus was given to sort out management/modifications to improve the efficiency of those established technologies. Understanding the mechanisms of arsenic sequestering in the plant body and its arsenic tolerance might be helpful for genetic engineering and to mimic the behind-the-scene concept at the synthetic level as well.