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Evaluating transport conditions of conventional, widely used EDTA blood tubes for gene expression analysis in comparison to expensive, specialized PAXgene tubes in preparedness for radiological and nuclear events. 评估用于基因表达分析的常规、广泛使用的EDTA血管与用于放射性和核事件准备的昂贵、专用的PAX基因管的运输条件。
IF 2.6 4区 医学 Q2 BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-01-01 Epub Date: 2023-09-07 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2023.2250871
Simone Schüle, Patrick Ostheim, Razan Muhtadi, Samantha Stewart, Gwendolyn Kaletka, Cornelius Hermann, Matthias Port, Michael Abend

Purpose: Gene expression (GE) analysis of a radio-sensitive gene set (FDXR, DDB2, WNT3, POU2AF1) has been introduced in the last decade as an early and high-throughput prediction tool of later developing acute hematologic radiation syndrome (H-ARS) severity. The use of special tubes for RNA extraction from peripheral whole blood (PAXgene) represent an established standard in GE studies, although uncommonly used in clinics and not immediately available in the quantities needed in radiological/nuclear (R/N) incidents. On the other hand, EDTA blood tubes are widely utilized in clinical practice.

Material and methods: Using blood samples from eleven healthy donors, we investigated GE changes associated with delayed processing of EDTA tubes up to 4 h at room temperature (RT) after venipuncture (simulating delays caused by daily clinical routine), followed by a subsequent transport time of 24 h at RT, 4 °C, and -20 °C. Differential gene expression (DGE) of the target genes was further examined after X-irradiation with 0 Gy and 4 Gy under optimal transport conditions.

Results: No significant changes in DGE were observed when storing EDTA whole blood samples up to 4 h at RT and subsequently kept at 4 °C for 24 h which is in line with expected DGE. However, other storage conditions, such as -20 °C or RT, decreased RNA quality and/or (significantly) caused changes in DGE exceeding the known methodological variance of the qRT-PCR.

Conclusion: Our data indicate that the use of EDTA whole blood tubes for GE-based H-ARS severity prediction is comparable to the quality of PAXgene tubes, when processed ≤ 4 h after venipuncture and the sample is transported within 24 hours at 4 °C.

目的:在过去的十年中,放射敏感基因集(FDXR、DDB2、WNT3、POU2AF1)的基因表达(GE)分析已被引入,作为后期发展为急性血液学放射综合征(H-ARS)严重程度的早期高通量预测工具。从外周全血(PAXgene)中提取RNA的特殊管的使用代表了通用电气研究中的既定标准,尽管在临床中很少使用,并且在放射性/核(R/N)事件中无法立即获得所需的数量。另一方面,EDTA血管在临床实践中得到了广泛的应用。材料和方法:使用来自11名健康献血者的血液样本,我们研究了与EDTA试管延迟处理长达4小时相关的GE变化 静脉穿刺后在室温(RT)下放置h(模拟日常临床常规造成的延迟),随后运输时间为24 室温下的h,4 °C和-20 °C。靶基因的差异基因表达(DGE)在用0 Gy和4 Gy。结果:当EDTA全血样品储存至4小时时,DGE没有观察到显著变化 在RT下为h,随后保持在4 °C 24 h,这与预期的DGE一致。但是,其他储存条件,如-20 °C或RT,降低RNA质量和/或(显著)导致DGE变化超过qRT-PCR的已知方法学方差。结论:我们的数据表明,使用EDTA全血管进行基于GE的H-ARS严重程度预测与PAX基因管的质量相当,当处理≤4 静脉穿刺后h,样品在24小时内运输 4小时 °C。
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引用次数: 0
Comparing the DNA-damage RBE of intraoperative and conventional electron beams using a hybrid simulation approach. 利用混合模拟方法比较术中电子束和传统电子束的DNA损伤RBE。
IF 2.6 4区 医学 Q2 BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-01-01 Epub Date: 2023-08-09 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2023.2242931
Hamid Reza Baghani, Ali Shiri, Hamid Gholamhosseinian

Purpose: Employing electron beam for radiotherapy purposes now has been established as one of the standard cancer treatment modalities. Both dedicated intraoperative and conventional electron beams can be employed in patient irradiation. Due to the differences between accelerating structure and electron beam delivery of dedicated intraoperative radiotherapy (IORT) machines and conventional ones, the initial energy spectra of the produced electron beam by these machines may be different. Accordingly, this study aims to evaluate whether these spectral differences can affect the relevant relative biological effectiveness (RBE) values of intraoperative and conventional electron beams.

Materials and methods: A hybrid Monte Carlo simulation approach was considered. At first, the head LIAC12 machine (as an IORT accelerator) and Varian 2100C/D (as a conventional accelerator) were simulated by MCNPX code and electron energy spectra at different depths and off-axis distances were scored for two nominal electron energies of 6 and 12 MeV at the field sizes of 6 and 10 cm. Then, the calculated spectra were imported to MCDS code to estimate the induced DNA-damage RBE values. Finally, the obtained RBE values for intraoperative and conventional electron beams were compared together.

Results: The results showed that the RBE values of the intraoperative electron beam are superior to those obtained for conventional electron beam at the same energy/field size combination. Variations of the depth can regularly affect the RBE value for both conventional and intraoperative electron beams, while no ordered variation trend was observed for RBE with changing the off-axis distance. Variations of electron energy and field size can also influence the RBE value for both types of studied electron beams.

Conclusions: From the results, it can be concluded the structural differences between the dedicated IORT and conventional Linacs can lead to distinct initial electron energy spectra for intraoperative and conventional electron beams. These physical differences can finally lead to different RBE values for intraoperative and conventional electron beams at the same energy and field size.

目的:利用电子束进行放射治疗现已成为标准的癌症治疗方法之一。术中专用电子束和传统电子束都可用于照射患者。由于专用术中放疗机(IORT)和传统放疗机的加速结构和电子束传输方式不同,其产生的电子束的初始能谱也可能不同。因此,本研究旨在评估这些光谱差异是否会影响术中和传统电子束的相关相对生物效应(RBE)值:材料和方法:采用混合蒙特卡罗模拟方法。首先,用MCNPX代码模拟了头部LIAC12机器(作为IORT加速器)和瓦里安2100C/D(作为传统加速器),并对6和12MeV两种标称电子能量、6和10厘米场强下不同深度和离轴距离的电子能谱进行了评分。然后,将计算出的光谱导入 MCDS 代码,估算诱导 DNA 损伤的 RBE 值。最后,将获得的术中电子束和传统电子束的RBE值进行比较:结果表明,在相同能量/场强组合下,术中电子束的RBE值优于传统电子束。深度的变化会对传统电子束和术中电子束的RBE值产生规律性影响,而RBE值并没有随着离轴距离的变化而出现有序的变化趋势。电子能量和磁场大小的变化也会影响所研究的两种电子束的 RBE 值:从研究结果中可以得出结论,专用IORT和传统Linac的结构差异会导致术中电子束和传统电子束的初始电子能谱不同。这些物理差异最终会导致相同能量和磁场大小的术中电子束和传统电子束产生不同的RBE值。
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引用次数: 0
Evaluation of Cs-137 and natural radionuclides on different marine biota (crustacean and fishes) along Beheira governorate Coast-Egypt: RESRAD biota. 埃及贝赫拉省沿海不同海洋生物群(甲壳类和鱼类)的铯 137 和天然放射性核素评估:RESRAD 生物群。
IF 2.6 4区 医学 Q2 BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-01-01 Epub Date: 2023-09-07 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2023.2242936
Mohamed Hegazy Mohamed Salama, Mohamed Safwat Mohamed Tawfik
<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This work will focused on the environmental and radio-ecological impacts occurred on an Egyptian coastal region, based on the radiochemical measurement of <sup>238</sup>U, <sup>137</sup>Cs, <sup>232</sup>Th, <sup>40</sup>K. The novelty of the study was cleared by the using of new technique showing the integration of two biological RESRAD models, lead to a probabilistic estimation of the radionuclides bioaccumulation in different consumed marine organisms and determination the probability of human cancer risk at different ages.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>The 20 water samples were collected and mounted into clean containers, and their decay products, were measured in Bq.L<sup>-1</sup>, using different quality assurance tools. The study will used different statistical analysis and different RESRAD modeling codes were used in the study to predict the degree of environmental and radio-ecological impacts at the studied area, this will be helpful in order to define the impacts resulted from the transferring and accumulation of different radionuclides.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>showed that the highest human dose conversion factor values of (5, 10, 15, with adult ages) were measured in Th-232 (mrem/pCi) while the lowest ingestion conversion factors values were observed in artificial <sup>137</sup>Cs. On the other hand the highest values of external risk factor in case of (5, 10, 15 with adult age) were observed in artificial Cs-137(mrem/pCi), while the lowest value of external risk factor with the same ages were observed in U-238. This will lead to continual monitoring of artificial Cs-137 in different marine coastal regions. The arrangement of the bioaccumulation value (BIV) in Bq.kg<sup>-1</sup> which being calculated by using RESRAD-Biota in case of crustacean animals will be as follow: U-238 > Th-232 > Cs-137, while the arrangement of BIV in case of fish animals will be: Cs-137 > U-232 > Th-232. On the other hand the arrangement of Internal Dose Conversion factors in case of crustacean animals will be: U-238 > Th-232 > Cs-137. While the arrangement of Internal Dose Conversion factors in case of fish animals will be: Cs-137> Th-232 > U-238.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>RESRAD code's results showed that the arrangement of the bioaccumulation and Dose Conversion factors were depend on the type of marine living organism. RESRAD code also showed that there are increments of the calculated external risk factor values which resulted from the adult than all the infants (5,10 and 15 ages) ages this may be related to the continuous replacement of new human's body cells during the growth stages. The study results showed that, environmental bioaccumulation impacts of the artificial Cs-137 were very effective in both marine living organisms and human as this will support the relation between the ingestion Cs-137 in the body(inside the soft tissues), and the probability of the human cancer risk. On the othe
目的:这项工作的重点是根据 238U、137Cs、232Th 和 40K 的放射化学测量结果,研究埃及沿海地区的环境和放射生态影响。这项研究的新颖之处在于采用了新技术,整合了两个生物 RESRAD 模型,从而对放射性核素在不同食用海洋生物体内的生物累积进行了概率估算,并确定了不同年龄段人类患癌风险的概率:收集 20 份水样并装入干净的容器,使用不同的质量保证工具测量其衰变产物,单位为 Bq.L-1。研究将使用不同的统计分析方法和不同的 RESRAD 建模代码来预测研究区域的环境和放射生态影响程度,这将有助于确定不同放射性核素的转移和积累所造成的影响。结果:结果显示,Th-232 的人体剂量换算系数值(5、10、15 和成人年龄)最高(mrem/pCi),而人工 137Cs 的摄入换算系数值最低。另一方面,在(5、10、15 岁的成人)情况下,人工铯-137 的外部风险因子值最高(毫雷姆/皮西),而相同年龄的铀-238 的外部风险因子值最低。这将导致在不同的海洋沿岸地区持续监测人工 Cs-137。使用 RESRAD-Biota 计算的甲壳类动物生物累积值(BIV)(Bq.kg-1)的排列如下: U-238 > Th-232 > U-238 > Th-232 > U-238:U-238 > Th-232 > Cs-137,而鱼类动物的生物累积值排列如下: Cs-137 > U-232 > Cs-137:Cs-137 > U-232 > Th-232。另一方面,甲壳类动物的体内剂量换算系数排列为U-238 > Th-232 > Cs-137。而鱼类动物的体内剂量换算系数排列则为:铯-137>钍-232>铯-137:结论:RESRAD 代码的结果表明,生物累积和剂量换算系数的排列取决于海洋生物的类型。RESRAD 代码还显示,计算得出的外部风险因子值,成人比所有婴儿(5 岁、10 岁和 15 岁)都要高,这可能与人在生长阶段不断更换新的体细胞有关。研究结果表明,人造 Cs-137 对海洋生物和人类的环境生物累积影响非常有效,这将证明摄入体内(软组织内)的 Cs-137 与人类患癌风险之间的关系。另一方面,研究结果表明了使用 RESRAD BIOA 代码进行环境影响评估的生态和辐射研究的重要性,今后任何沿海工业项目都应进行此类研究。
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引用次数: 0
Three major reasons why transgenerational effects of radiation are difficult to detect in humans. 辐射对人类的跨代影响难以检测的三大原因。
IF 2.1 4区 医学 Q2 BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-01-01 Epub Date: 2023-03-15 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2023.2187478
Nori Nakamura, Noriaki Yoshida, Tatsuya Suwa

Purpose: Ionizing radiation can induce mutations in germ cells in various organisms, including fruit flies and mice. However, currently, there is no clear evidence for the transgenerational effects of radiation in humans. This review is an effort to identify possible reasons for the lack of such observations.

Methods: Literature search and narrative review.

Results: 1) In both mice and humans, resting oocytes locate primarily in the cortical region of the ovary where the number of blood vessels is very low especially when young and extra-cellular material is rich, and this region is consequently hypoxic, which probably leads to immature oocytes being resistant to the cell killing and mutagenic effects of radiation. 2) In studies of spermatogonia, the mouse genes used for specific locus test (SLT) studies, which include coat color genes, were hypermutable when compared to many other genes. Recent studies which examined over 1000 segments of genomic DNA indicate that the induction rate of deletion mutation per segment was on the order of 10-6 per Gy, which is one order of magnitude lower than that obtained from the SLT data. Therefore, it appears possible that detecting any transgenerational effects of radiation following human male exposures will be difficult due to a lack of mutable marker genes. 3) Fetal malformations were examined in studies in humans, but the genetic component in such malformations is low, and abnormal fetuses are prone to undergo miscarriage which does not occur in mice, and which leads to difficulties in detecting transgenerational effects.

Conclusion: The lack of clear evidence for radiation effects in humans probably does not result from any problem in the methodologies used but may be due largely to biological properties. Currently, whole genome sequencing studies of exposed parents and offspring are planned, but ethical guidelines need to be followed to avoid discrimination, which had once happened to the atomic bomb survivors.

目的:电离辐射可诱导果蝇和小鼠等多种生物的生殖细胞发生突变。然而,目前还没有明确的证据表明辐射会对人类产生跨代影响。本综述旨在找出缺乏此类观察结果的可能原因:方法:文献检索和叙述性综述:1)在小鼠和人类中,静止卵母细胞主要位于卵巢皮质区,该区域的血管数量很少,尤其是在幼年时期,细胞外物质丰富,因此该区域缺氧,这可能导致未成熟卵母细胞对辐射的细胞杀伤和致突变效应具有抵抗力。2)在对精原细胞的研究中,用于特异位点测试(SLT)研究的小鼠基因(包括被毛颜色基因)与许多其他基因相比具有高突变性。最近对超过 1000 个基因组 DNA 片段进行的研究表明,每个片段的缺失突变诱导率约为 10-6 per Gy,比 SLT 数据低一个数量级。因此,由于缺乏可突变的标记基因,似乎很难检测到人类男性受辐射后产生的任何跨代影响。3)在人类研究中对胎儿畸形进行了检测,但这种畸形的遗传成分较低,而且异常胎儿容易流产,而小鼠不会发生这种情况,这导致难以检测到跨代效应:结论:缺乏明确证据证明辐射对人类的影响可能并不是因为所使用的方法有问题,而可能主要是由于生物特性造成的。目前,计划对受辐射的父母和后代进行全基因组测序研究,但需要遵守伦理准则,以避免歧视,原子弹爆炸幸存者就曾遭受过歧视。
{"title":"Three major reasons why transgenerational effects of radiation are difficult to detect in humans.","authors":"Nori Nakamura, Noriaki Yoshida, Tatsuya Suwa","doi":"10.1080/09553002.2023.2187478","DOIUrl":"10.1080/09553002.2023.2187478","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Ionizing radiation can induce mutations in germ cells in various organisms, including fruit flies and mice. However, currently, there is no clear evidence for the transgenerational effects of radiation in humans. This review is an effort to identify possible reasons for the lack of such observations.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Literature search and narrative review.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>1) In both mice and humans, resting oocytes locate primarily in the cortical region of the ovary where the number of blood vessels is very low especially when young and extra-cellular material is rich, and this region is consequently hypoxic, which probably leads to immature oocytes being resistant to the cell killing and mutagenic effects of radiation. 2) In studies of spermatogonia, the mouse genes used for specific locus test (SLT) studies, which include coat color genes, were hypermutable when compared to many other genes. Recent studies which examined over 1000 segments of genomic DNA indicate that the induction rate of deletion mutation per segment was on the order of 10<sup>-6</sup> per Gy, which is one order of magnitude lower than that obtained from the SLT data. Therefore, it appears possible that detecting any transgenerational effects of radiation following human male exposures will be difficult due to a lack of mutable marker genes. 3) Fetal malformations were examined in studies in humans, but the genetic component in such malformations is low, and abnormal fetuses are prone to undergo miscarriage which does not occur in mice, and which leads to difficulties in detecting transgenerational effects.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The lack of clear evidence for radiation effects in humans probably does not result from any problem in the methodologies used but may be due largely to biological properties. Currently, whole genome sequencing studies of exposed parents and offspring are planned, but ethical guidelines need to be followed to avoid discrimination, which had once happened to the atomic bomb survivors.</p>","PeriodicalId":14261,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Radiation Biology","volume":" ","pages":"1297-1311"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9112252","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The impact of UV-C radiation on the sugar metabolism of the red flour beetle Tribolium castaneum herbst (coleoptera; tenebrionidae). UV-C辐射对赤粉甲虫Tribolium castaneum herbst(鞘翅目;tenebrionidae)糖代谢的影响。
IF 2.6 4区 医学 Q2 BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-01-01 Epub Date: 2023-09-14 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2023.2258199
Jatuporn Tungjitwitayakul, Narutchala Suwannakhon, Nujira Tatun

Purpose: Ultraviolet-C (UV-C) is known to induce morphological abnormality in various parts of the red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum, including its wings, antennae, eyes, legs, and reproductive organs. However, little is known about the effects of UV-C on T. castaneum's sugar content and enzyme activity.

Material and methods: We investigated the concentrations of glucose and trehalose as well as changes in trehalase activity in different developmental stages following UV-C radiation at different exposure periods (1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, and 64 min). In addition, the larval mortality and body weight were examined.

Results: A reduction in glucose content was recorded in 10-, 15- and 20-day-old larvae and trehalase enzyme activity was recorded in 5- and 10-day-old larvae, whereas an increase in trehalose content was found in adults irradiated with UV-C. In addition, UV-C radiation for 1-64 min caused larval mortality on the first and subsequent days post-irradiation. Moreover, UV-C irradiated larvae exhibited lower body weight, which aligned with the reduction of trehalase activity and glucose content from days 1-6 post-exposure, and the degree of these reductions corresponded to the exposure times.

Conclusion: UV-C affected sugar content through the reduction of trehalase activity, and glucose declination may cause mortality in T. castaneum; however, further research is needed to provide a better understanding of the impact of UV-C on sugar metabolism.

目的:众所周知,紫外线-C(UV-C)会导致赤面甲虫(Tribolium castaneum)各部位的形态异常,包括翅膀、触角、眼睛、腿和生殖器官。然而,人们对UV-C对赤兔糖含量和酶活性的影响知之甚少。材料和方法:我们研究了不同暴露期(1、2、4、8、16、32和64)UV-C辐射后不同发育阶段葡萄糖和海藻糖的浓度以及海藻糖活性的变化 分钟)。此外,还检查了幼虫的死亡率和体重。结果:在10、15和20天大的幼虫中记录到葡萄糖含量的降低,在5和10天大的幼体中记录到海藻糖酶活性,而在紫外线C照射的成虫中发现海藻糖含量的增加。此外,1-64的UV-C辐射 min在辐照后的第一天和第二天导致幼虫死亡。此外,UV-C辐射的幼虫表现出较低的体重,这与暴露后第1-6天的海藻糖活性和葡萄糖含量的降低一致,并且这些降低的程度与暴露时间相对应。结论:UV-C通过降低海藻糖的活性而影响糖的含量,葡萄糖下降可能导致赤兔的死亡;然而,还需要进一步的研究来更好地了解UV-C对糖代谢的影响。
{"title":"The impact of UV-C radiation on the sugar metabolism of the red flour beetle <i>Tribolium castaneum</i> herbst (coleoptera; tenebrionidae).","authors":"Jatuporn Tungjitwitayakul, Narutchala Suwannakhon, Nujira Tatun","doi":"10.1080/09553002.2023.2258199","DOIUrl":"10.1080/09553002.2023.2258199","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Ultraviolet-C (UV-C) is known to induce morphological abnormality in various parts of the red flour beetle, <i>Tribolium castaneum</i>, including its wings, antennae, eyes, legs, and reproductive organs. However, little is known about the effects of UV-C on <i>T. castaneum</i>'s sugar content and enzyme activity.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>We investigated the concentrations of glucose and trehalose as well as changes in trehalase activity in different developmental stages following UV-C radiation at different exposure periods (1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, and 64 min). In addition, the larval mortality and body weight were examined.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A reduction in glucose content was recorded in 10-, 15- and 20-day-old larvae and trehalase enzyme activity was recorded in 5- and 10-day-old larvae, whereas an increase in trehalose content was found in adults irradiated with UV-C. In addition, UV-C radiation for 1-64 min caused larval mortality on the first and subsequent days post-irradiation. Moreover, UV-C irradiated larvae exhibited lower body weight, which aligned with the reduction of trehalase activity and glucose content from days 1-6 post-exposure, and the degree of these reductions corresponded to the exposure times.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>UV-C affected sugar content through the reduction of trehalase activity, and glucose declination may cause mortality in <i>T. castaneum</i>; however, further research is needed to provide a better understanding of the impact of UV-C on sugar metabolism.</p>","PeriodicalId":14261,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Radiation Biology","volume":" ","pages":"289-295"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10236083","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Retinal regeneration after injury induced by gamma-ray irradiation during early embryogenesis in medaka, Oryzias latipes. 鳉鱼早期胚胎发育过程中伽马射线照射引起的视网膜损伤后的再生。
IF 2.6 4区 医学 Q2 BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-01-01 Epub Date: 2023-08-09 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2023.2242932
Takako Yasuda, Takuya Nakazawa, Kei Hirakawa, Ikumi Matsumoto, Kento Nagata, Shunta Mori, Kento Igarashi, Hiroshi Sagara, Shoji Oda, Hiroshi Mitani

Purpose: Zebrafish, a small fish model, exhibits a multipotent ability for retinal regeneration after damage throughout its lifetime. Compared with zebrafish, birds and mammals exhibit such a regenerative capacity only during the embryonic period, and this capacity decreases with age. In medaka, another small fish model that has also been used extensively in biological research, the retina's inner nuclear layer (INL) failed to regenerate after injury in the hatchling at eight days postfertilization (dpf). We characterized the regenerative process of the embryonic retina when the retinal injury occurred during the early embryonic period in medaka.

Methods: We employed a 10 Gy dose of gamma-ray irradiation to initiate retinal injury in medaka embryos at 3 dpf and performed histopathological analyses up to 21 dpf.

Results: One day after irradiation, numerous apoptotic neurons were observed in the INL; however, these neurons were rarely observed in the ciliary marginal zone and the photoreceptor layer. Numerous pyknotic cells were clustered in the irradiated retina until two days after irradiation. These disappeared four days after irradiation, but the abnormal bridging structures between the INL and ganglion cell layer (GCL) were present until 11 days after irradiation, and the neural layers were completely regenerated 18 days after irradiation. After gamma-ray irradiation, the spindle-like Müller glial cells in the INL became rounder but did not lose their ability to express SOX2.

Conclusions: Irradiated retina at 3 dpf of medaka embryos could be completely regenerated at 18 days after irradiation (21 dpf), although the abnormal layer structures bridging the INL and GCL were transiently formed in the retinas of all the irradiated embryos. Four days after irradiation, embryonic medaka Müller glia were reduced in number but maintained SOX2 expression as in nonirradiated embryos. This finding contrasts with previous reports that 8 dpf medaka larvae could not fully regenerate damaged retinas because of loss of SOX2 expression.

目的:斑马鱼是一种小型鱼类模型,其视网膜在损伤后终生都具有多能再生能力。与斑马鱼相比,鸟类和哺乳动物只有在胚胎时期才表现出这种再生能力,而且这种能力会随着年龄的增长而下降。青鳉是另一种在生物学研究中被广泛使用的小型鱼类模型,在受精后八天(dpf)的幼体中,视网膜内核层(INL)在损伤后无法再生。我们研究了青鳉胚胎早期视网膜损伤时的再生过程:方法:我们在青鳉胚胎3 dpf时使用10 Gy剂量的伽马射线照射来引发视网膜损伤,并对21 dpf前的胚胎进行组织病理学分析:结果:辐照一天后,在INL中观察到大量凋亡的神经元;但在睫状缘区和感光层中很少观察到这些神经元。直到照射两天后,受照射的视网膜上才出现大量凋亡细胞。这些细胞在照射四天后消失,但 INL 和神经节细胞层(GCL)之间的异常桥接结构在照射 11 天后仍然存在,神经层在照射 18 天后完全再生。伽马射线照射后,INL中纺锤形的Müller神经胶质细胞变得更圆,但并没有失去表达SOX2的能力:结论:辐照后3 dpf的青鳉胚胎视网膜可在辐照后18天(21 dpf)完全再生,尽管在所有辐照胚胎的视网膜中都短暂形成了连接INL和GCL的异常层结构。辐照四天后,青鳉胚胎 Müller 胶质数量减少,但与未受辐照的胚胎一样保持 SOX2 表达。这一发现与之前的报道形成了鲜明对比,之前的报道称 8 dpf 青鳉幼体不能完全再生受损视网膜的原因是 SOX2 表达的缺失。
{"title":"Retinal regeneration after injury induced by gamma-ray irradiation during early embryogenesis in medaka, <i>Oryzias latipes</i>.","authors":"Takako Yasuda, Takuya Nakazawa, Kei Hirakawa, Ikumi Matsumoto, Kento Nagata, Shunta Mori, Kento Igarashi, Hiroshi Sagara, Shoji Oda, Hiroshi Mitani","doi":"10.1080/09553002.2023.2242932","DOIUrl":"10.1080/09553002.2023.2242932","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Zebrafish, a small fish model, exhibits a multipotent ability for retinal regeneration after damage throughout its lifetime. Compared with zebrafish, birds and mammals exhibit such a regenerative capacity only during the embryonic period, and this capacity decreases with age. In medaka, another small fish model that has also been used extensively in biological research, the retina's inner nuclear layer (INL) failed to regenerate after injury in the hatchling at eight days postfertilization (dpf). We characterized the regenerative process of the embryonic retina when the retinal injury occurred during the early embryonic period in medaka.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We employed a 10 Gy dose of gamma-ray irradiation to initiate retinal injury in medaka embryos at 3 dpf and performed histopathological analyses up to 21 dpf.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>One day after irradiation, numerous apoptotic neurons were observed in the INL; however, these neurons were rarely observed in the ciliary marginal zone and the photoreceptor layer. Numerous pyknotic cells were clustered in the irradiated retina until two days after irradiation. These disappeared four days after irradiation, but the abnormal bridging structures between the INL and ganglion cell layer (GCL) were present until 11 days after irradiation, and the neural layers were completely regenerated 18 days after irradiation. After gamma-ray irradiation, the spindle-like Müller glial cells in the INL became rounder but did not lose their ability to express SOX2.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Irradiated retina at 3 dpf of medaka embryos could be completely regenerated at 18 days after irradiation (21 dpf), although the abnormal layer structures bridging the INL and GCL were transiently formed in the retinas of all the irradiated embryos. Four days after irradiation, embryonic medaka Müller glia were reduced in number but maintained SOX2 expression as in nonirradiated embryos. This finding contrasts with previous reports that 8 dpf medaka larvae could not fully regenerate damaged retinas because of loss of SOX2 expression.</p>","PeriodicalId":14261,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Radiation Biology","volume":" ","pages":"131-138"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10338090","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Article commentary on 'Microdosimetric and radiobiological effects of gold nanoparticles at therapeutic radiation energies' [T.M. Gray et al., IJRB 2023, 99(2), 308-317]. 关于 "金纳米粒子在治疗辐射能下的微剂量测定和放射生物学效应 "的文章评论[T.M. Gray 等人,IJRB 2023,99(2),308-317]。
IF 2.6 4区 医学 Q2 BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-01-01 Epub Date: 2023-08-24 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2023.2245468
Hans Rabus, Miriam Schwarze, Leo Thomas
{"title":"Article commentary on 'Microdosimetric and radiobiological effects of gold nanoparticles at therapeutic radiation energies' [T.M. Gray et al., IJRB 2023, 99(2), 308-317].","authors":"Hans Rabus, Miriam Schwarze, Leo Thomas","doi":"10.1080/09553002.2023.2245468","DOIUrl":"10.1080/09553002.2023.2245468","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14261,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Radiation Biology","volume":" ","pages":"7-17"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10431773","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Minimum reporting standards should be expected for preclinical radiobiology irradiators and dosimetry in the published literature. 在已发表的文献中,临床前放射生物学照射器和剂量学的最低报告标准应该是预期的。
IF 2.6 4区 医学 Q2 BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-01-01 Epub Date: 2023-09-11 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2023.2250848
François Trompier, Larry A DeWerd, Yannick Poirier, Morgane Dos Santos, Ke Sheng, Keith A Kunugi, Thomas A Winters, Andrea L DiCarlo, Merriline Satyamitra

The cornerstones of science advancement are rigor in performing scientific research, reproducibility of research findings and unbiased reporting of design and results of the experiments. For radiation research, this requires rigor in describing experimental details as well as the irradiation protocols for accurate, precise and reproducible dosimetry. Most institutions conducting radiation biology research in in vitro or animal models do not have describe experimental irradiation protocols in sufficient details to allow for balanced review of their publication nor for other investigators to replicate published experiments. The need to increase and improve dosimetry standards, traceability to National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) standard beamlines, and to provide dosimetry harmonization within the radiation biology community has been noted for over a decade both within the United States and France. To address this requirement subject matter experts have outlined minimum reporting standards that should be included in published literature for preclinical irradiators and dosimetry.

科学进步的基石是进行科学研究的严谨性、研究结果的可重复性以及对实验设计和结果的公正报道。对于辐射研究,这需要严格描述实验细节以及准确、精确和可重复的剂量测定的辐射方案。大多数在体外或动物模型中进行辐射生物学研究的机构没有足够详细地描述实验辐射方案,无法对其出版物进行平衡审查,也无法让其他研究人员复制已发表的实验。十多年来,美国和法国都注意到需要增加和改进剂量学标准,可追溯国家标准与技术研究所(NIST)标准光束线,并在辐射生物学社区内提供剂量学协调。为了满足这一要求,主题专家概述了临床前照射器和剂量学应包括在已发表的文献中的最低报告标准。
{"title":"Minimum reporting standards should be expected for preclinical radiobiology irradiators and dosimetry in the published literature.","authors":"François Trompier, Larry A DeWerd, Yannick Poirier, Morgane Dos Santos, Ke Sheng, Keith A Kunugi, Thomas A Winters, Andrea L DiCarlo, Merriline Satyamitra","doi":"10.1080/09553002.2023.2250848","DOIUrl":"10.1080/09553002.2023.2250848","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The cornerstones of science advancement are rigor in performing scientific research, reproducibility of research findings and unbiased reporting of design and results of the experiments. For radiation research, this requires rigor in describing experimental details as well as the irradiation protocols for accurate, precise and reproducible dosimetry. Most institutions conducting radiation biology research in in vitro or animal models do not have describe experimental irradiation protocols in sufficient details to allow for balanced review of their publication nor for other investigators to replicate published experiments. The need to increase and improve dosimetry standards, traceability to National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) standard beamlines, and to provide dosimetry harmonization within the radiation biology community has been noted for over a decade both within the United States and France. To address this requirement subject matter experts have outlined minimum reporting standards that should be included in published literature for preclinical irradiators and dosimetry.</p>","PeriodicalId":14261,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Radiation Biology","volume":" ","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10841746/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10555270","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Redox dysregulation in imaging professionals occupationally exposed to ionizing and non-ionizing radiation. 职业暴露于电离和非电离辐射的成像专业人员的氧化还原失调。
IF 2.6 4区 医学 Q2 BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-01-01 Epub Date: 2023-09-13 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2023.2258194
Iman M Ahmad, Lisa Bartenhagen, Kimberly Michael, Maher Y Abdalla

Purpose: Imaging professionals are occupationally exposed to chronic ionizing radiation (IR) and non-ionizing radiation (NIR). This study aimed to investigate the influence of occupational radiation exposure on oxidative stress and antioxidant levels based on blood biomarkers in different hospital imaging professional groups.Materials and methods: The study groups included 66 imaging professionals occupationally exposed to IR (n = 58, 43 diagnostic radiography (G1), seven nuclear medicine (G2), eight radiation therapy (G3)), and NIR (n = 8, ultrasound imaging (G4)) and 60 non-exposed controls. Blood levels of superoxide (O2•-) as an index of oxidative stress, and the antioxidant activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione ratio (GSH/GSSG), and catalase (CAT) were measured.Results: The blood values of O2•-, SOD, and CAT were significantly higher in imaging professionals occupationally exposed to radiation than in the control group (p < .05), while a significant decrease in the ratio of GSH/GSSG was observed (p < .05). The results from the NIR group were significantly higher compared to IR group.Conclusions: Based on these results, chronic exposure to radiation (IR and NIR) is associated with redox dysregulation that may result in damages to cellular biomolecules including lipids, proteins and DNA. Further studies are needed to determine the impact of redox dysregulation and the need for periodic examination among imaging professionals occupationally exposed to IR and NIR.

目的:成像专业人员在职业上暴露于慢性电离辐射(IR)和非电离辐射(NIR)。本研究旨在基于不同医院影像专业人群的血液生物标志物,调查职业辐射暴露对氧化应激和抗氧化水平的影响。材料和方法:研究组包括66名职业暴露于IR(n=58,43名诊断性放射学(G1),7名核医学(G2),8名放射治疗(G3))和NIR(n=8,超声成像(G4))的成像专业人员和60名非暴露对照。测定血液中作为氧化应激指标的超氧化物(O2•-)水平,以及超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、谷胱甘肽比(GSH/GSSG)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)的抗氧化活性。结果:职业暴露于辐射的成像专业人员的血液O2•-、SOD和CAT值显著高于对照组(p p结论:基于这些结果,长期暴露于辐射(IR和NIR)与氧化还原失调有关,氧化还原失调可能导致细胞生物分子(包括脂质、蛋白质和DNA)受损。需要进一步的研究来确定氧化还原失调的影响,以及在职业暴露于IR和NIR的成像专业人员中进行定期检查的必要性。
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引用次数: 0
Altered bile acid metabolism in skin tissues in response to ionizing radiation: deoxycholic acid (DCA) as a novel treatment for radiogenic skin injury. 电离辐射导致的皮肤组织胆汁酸代谢改变:脱氧胆酸(DCA)作为治疗放射性皮肤损伤的一种新方法。
IF 2.6 4区 医学 Q2 BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-01-01 Epub Date: 2023-08-24 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2023.2245461
Yining Zhang, Tao Yan, Wei Mo, Bin Song, Yuehua Zhang, Fenghao Geng, Zhimin Hu, Daojiang Yu, Shuyu Zhang

Objective: Radiogenic skin injury (RSI) is a common complication during cancer radiotherapy or accidental exposure to radiation. The aim of this study is to investigate the metabolism of bile acids (BAs) and their derivatives during RSI.

Methods: Rat skin tissues were irradiated by an X-ray linear accelerator. The quantification of BAs and their derivatives were performed by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS)-based quantitative analysis. Key enzymes in BA biosynthesis were analyzed from single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-Seq) data of RSI in the human patient and animal models. The in vivo radioprotective effect of deoxycholic acid (DCA) was detected in irradiated SD rats.

Results: Twelve BA metabolites showed significant differences during the progression of RSI. Among them, the levels of cholic acid (CA), DCA, muricholic acid (MCA), chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA), glycocholic acid (GCA), glycohyodeoxycholic acid (GHCA), 12-ketolithocholic acid (12-ketoLCA) and ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) were significantly elevated in irradiated skin, whereas lithocholic acid (LCA), tauro-β-muricholic acid (Tβ-MCA) and taurocholic acid (TCA) were significantly decreased. Additionally, the results of scRNA-Seq indicated that genes involved in 7a-hydroxylation process, the first step in BA synthesis, showed pronounced alterations in skin fibroblasts or keratinocytes. The alternative pathway of BA synthesis is more actively altered than the classical pathway after ionizing radiation. In the model of rat radiogenic skin damage, DCA promoted wound healing and attenuated epidermal hyperplasia.

Conclusions: Ionizing radiation modulates the metabolism of BAs. DCA is a prospective therapeutic agent for the treatment of RSI.

目的:放射性皮肤损伤(RSI)是癌症放疗或意外暴露于辐射时常见的并发症。本研究旨在调查 RSI 期间胆汁酸(BA)及其衍生物的代谢情况:方法:用 X 射线直线加速器照射大鼠皮肤组织。方法:用 X 射线加速器照射大鼠皮肤组织,采用液相色谱-质谱法(LC-MS)定量分析胆汁酸及其衍生物。通过单细胞RNA测序(scRNA-Seq)数据分析了人类患者和动物模型RSI中BA生物合成的关键酶。检测了脱氧胆酸(DCA)在辐照 SD 大鼠体内的放射保护作用:结果:12 种 BA 代谢物在 RSI 进展过程中表现出显著差异。12-ketolithocholic acid (12-ketoLCA) 和熊去氧胆酸 (UDCA)在辐照皮肤中明显升高,而石胆酸 (LCA)、牛磺酸-β-甲基胆酸 (Tβ-MCA) 和牛磺酸 (TCA) 则明显降低。此外,scRNA-Seq 的结果表明,在皮肤成纤维细胞或角质细胞中,参与 BA 合成第一步 7a-hydroxylation 过程的基因发生了明显的变化。电离辐射后,BA 合成的替代途径比经典途径的改变更为活跃。在大鼠放射性皮肤损伤模型中,DCA 可促进伤口愈合并减轻表皮增生:结论:电离辐射可调节生物碱的代谢。结论:电离辐射可调节 BAs 的代谢,DCA 是一种治疗 RSI 的前瞻性药物。
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引用次数: 1
期刊
International Journal of Radiation Biology
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