Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2022.2121872
Shobhit K Singh, Devajit Borthakur, Abhijit Tamuly, J G Manjaya, Pradeep K Patel, Boby Gogoi, Santanu Sabhapondit, Nabajyoti J Neog, A K Barooah
Purpose: To study the effects of gamma radiation on tea seed germination, morphological changes, and genetic variation by using gamma radiation.
Material and method: Fresh Tea seed material were irradiated with twenty different doses of gamma radiation such as 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80 90, 100, 200, 500 and 1000 Gy from Cobalt 60Co source from Regional Nuclear Agriculture Research Center, Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya (BCKV), West Bengal, in between 2019 and 2020.
Result and conclusion: The growth behavior of tea seedling was recorded under varying levels of gamma radiation and its performance at nursery stages. It was observed seed irradiated with doses from 35 Gy to 100 Gy could germinate but could not survive beyond five (05) months. When treated with higher doses as 200 Gy, 500 Gy and 1000 Gy, no seed germination takes places due to possible damages occur in the DNA structure. Screening of growth characteristics of tea plant generally monitored by the characteristics like plant height, number of leaves, number of primary branches, base diameter, and total leaf area of plants and we found that these characteristics significantly increased with the progress of time and increasing levels of gamma radiation; however, the plant height showed decreasing trend with the increasing levels of gamma radiation, which could be due to the change in chromosomal structure and genetic alteration. After 90 weeks of planting, the plant height, no. of primary branches, the number of leaves, plant base diameter, and total leaf area per plant recorded were 36.42 cm, 1/plant, 7.11/plant, 0.62 c.m, 22.92 cm2/plant respectively under the radiation level 30 Gy, whereas the corresponding figures of the above parameters at the control treatment were 85.32 cm, 1/plant, 18.84/plant, 1.18 c.m and 26.68 cm2/plant, respectively. The total plant height, no. of primary branches, the number of leaves, plant base diameter, and total leaf area per plant were significantly influenced by the rising levels of gamma radiation (up to 100 Gy), finally, after 90 weeks of planting, the maximum no. of branching was observed in the treatment of 8 Gy, 10 Gy and 15 Gy respectively. The study reveals a hitherto open the possibility of using gamma radiation on tea plant for creation of variation in the tea seed planting materials. Further studies on mutation using tea planting materials would give an insight into its mutable gene behavior.
{"title":"Assessment of gamma radiation through agro-morphological characters in <i>camellia sinensis</i> L. (O.) kuntze.","authors":"Shobhit K Singh, Devajit Borthakur, Abhijit Tamuly, J G Manjaya, Pradeep K Patel, Boby Gogoi, Santanu Sabhapondit, Nabajyoti J Neog, A K Barooah","doi":"10.1080/09553002.2022.2121872","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09553002.2022.2121872","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To study the effects of gamma radiation on tea seed germination, morphological changes, and genetic variation by using gamma radiation.</p><p><strong>Material and method: </strong>Fresh Tea seed material were irradiated with twenty different doses of gamma radiation such as 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80 90, 100, 200, 500 and 1000 Gy from Cobalt <sup>60</sup>Co source from Regional Nuclear Agriculture Research Center, Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya (BCKV), West Bengal, in between 2019 and 2020.</p><p><strong>Result and conclusion: </strong>The growth behavior of tea seedling was recorded under varying levels of gamma radiation and its performance at nursery stages. It was observed seed irradiated with doses from 35 Gy to 100 Gy could germinate but could not survive beyond five (05) months. When treated with higher doses as 200 Gy, 500 Gy and 1000 Gy, no seed germination takes places due to possible damages occur in the DNA structure. Screening of growth characteristics of tea plant generally monitored by the characteristics like plant height, number of leaves, number of primary branches, base diameter, and total leaf area of plants and we found that these characteristics significantly increased with the progress of time and increasing levels of gamma radiation; however, the plant height showed decreasing trend with the increasing levels of gamma radiation, which could be due to the change in chromosomal structure and genetic alteration. After 90 weeks of planting, the plant height, no. of primary branches, the number of leaves, plant base diameter, and total leaf area per plant recorded were 36.42 cm, 1/plant, 7.11/plant, 0.62 c.m, 22.92 cm<sup>2</sup>/plant respectively under the radiation level 30 Gy, whereas the corresponding figures of the above parameters at the control treatment were 85.32 cm, 1/plant, 18.84/plant, 1.18 c.m and 26.68 cm<sup>2</sup>/plant, respectively. The total plant height, no. of primary branches, the number of leaves, plant base diameter, and total leaf area per plant were significantly influenced by the rising levels of gamma radiation (up to 100 Gy), finally, after 90 weeks of planting, the maximum no. of branching was observed in the treatment of 8 Gy, 10 Gy and 15 Gy respectively. The study reveals a hitherto open the possibility of using gamma radiation on tea plant for creation of variation in the tea seed planting materials. Further studies on mutation using tea planting materials would give an insight into its mutable gene behavior.</p>","PeriodicalId":14261,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Radiation Biology","volume":"99 5","pages":"866-874"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9498866","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01Epub Date: 2021-05-21DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2021.1928784
Sally A Amundson
Purpose: Transcriptomic-based approaches are being developed to meet the needs for large-scale radiation dose and injury assessment and provide population triage following a radiological or nuclear event. This review provides background and definition of the need for new biodosimetry approaches, and summarizes the major advances in this field. It discusses some of the major model systems used in gene signature development, and highlights some of the remaining challenges, including individual variation in gene expression, potential confounding factors, and accounting for the complexity of realistic exposure scenarios.
Conclusions: Transcriptomic approaches show great promise for both dose reconstruction and for prediction of individual radiological injury. However, further work will be needed to ensure that gene expression signatures will be robust and appropriate for their intended use in radiological or nuclear emergencies.
{"title":"Transcriptomics for radiation biodosimetry: progress and challenges.","authors":"Sally A Amundson","doi":"10.1080/09553002.2021.1928784","DOIUrl":"10.1080/09553002.2021.1928784","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Transcriptomic-based approaches are being developed to meet the needs for large-scale radiation dose and injury assessment and provide population triage following a radiological or nuclear event. This review provides background and definition of the need for new biodosimetry approaches, and summarizes the major advances in this field. It discusses some of the major model systems used in gene signature development, and highlights some of the remaining challenges, including individual variation in gene expression, potential confounding factors, and accounting for the complexity of realistic exposure scenarios.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Transcriptomic approaches show great promise for both dose reconstruction and for prediction of individual radiological injury. However, further work will be needed to ensure that gene expression signatures will be robust and appropriate for their intended use in radiological or nuclear emergencies.</p>","PeriodicalId":14261,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Radiation Biology","volume":"99 6","pages":"925-933"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/09553002.2021.1928784","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9503930","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01Epub Date: 2021-10-11DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2021.1988182
Carla A Romney, Andrew J Grosovsky
Purpose: This manuscript is a scholarly perspective on the crucially important topic of mentoring in STEM and the STEM-intensive health professions (STEM+). Our purpose is to share our understanding of this subject as a means to mitigate the persistent underrepresentation in these fields and to offer our recommendations.
Materials & methods: This manuscript draws on the literature and our experiences to develop recommendations for improving outcomes for diverse populations of undergraduate students who are pursuing majors in the STEM fields and aspire to careers in the biomedical sciences and/or STEM-intensive health professions.
Results: Undergraduate learning communities and mentored research activities promote continued engagement in STEM and also provide a competitive foundation for careers in these fields.
Conclusions: (1) Mentoring must be brought to scale through clearly articulated institutional and disciplinary prioritization of learning communities, with attendant assessment to monitor the impact of creating an environment that supports diverse students from underrepresented backgrounds. (2) Individual faculty members and principal investigators affiliated with academic institutions and stand-alone research facilities can enhance their mentoring role by welcoming underrepresented undergraduates into their laboratories. (3) Faculty members, administrators, and staff members must commit themselves to the success of each student who enrolls in a STEM + program, rather than accepting high rates of failure as inevitable. (4) Increased interactions between first-year students and faculty members through experiences in mentored learning communities that promote authentic engagement and discovery are key to promoting the retention of diverse populations of students who are underrepresented in the STEM + fields. (5) Learning communities can amplify the impact of an individual mentor. (6) Barriers to student success, such as weak preparation from high school courses, must be proactively and effectively addressed.
{"title":"Mentoring to enhance diversity in STEM and STEM-intensive health professions.","authors":"Carla A Romney, Andrew J Grosovsky","doi":"10.1080/09553002.2021.1988182","DOIUrl":"10.1080/09553002.2021.1988182","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This manuscript is a scholarly perspective on the crucially important topic of mentoring in STEM and the STEM-intensive health professions (STEM+). Our purpose is to share our understanding of this subject as a means to mitigate the persistent underrepresentation in these fields and to offer our recommendations.</p><p><strong>Materials & methods: </strong>This manuscript draws on the literature and our experiences to develop recommendations for improving outcomes for diverse populations of undergraduate students who are pursuing majors in the STEM fields and aspire to careers in the biomedical sciences and/or STEM-intensive health professions.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Undergraduate learning communities and mentored research activities promote continued engagement in STEM and also provide a competitive foundation for careers in these fields.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>(1) Mentoring must be brought to scale through clearly articulated institutional and disciplinary prioritization of learning communities, with attendant assessment to monitor the impact of creating an environment that supports diverse students from underrepresented backgrounds. (2) Individual faculty members and principal investigators affiliated with academic institutions and stand-alone research facilities can enhance their mentoring role by welcoming underrepresented undergraduates into their laboratories. (3) Faculty members, administrators, and staff members must commit themselves to the success of each student who enrolls in a STEM + program, rather than accepting high rates of failure as inevitable. (4) Increased interactions between first-year students and faculty members through experiences in mentored learning communities that promote authentic engagement and discovery are key to promoting the retention of diverse populations of students who are underrepresented in the STEM + fields. (5) Learning communities can amplify the impact of an individual mentor. (6) Barriers to student success, such as weak preparation from high school courses, must be proactively and effectively addressed.</p>","PeriodicalId":14261,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Radiation Biology","volume":"99 6","pages":"983-989"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9676100/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9503939","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Purpose: To identify the bonding sites of initial radiation interaction with DNA and to trace the following chemical reaction sequences on the pathway of damage induction, we carry out a spectroscopy XIL (X-ray induced luminescence) using soft X-ray synchrotron radiation. This is a nondestructive analysis of the excited intermediate species produced in a molecular mechanism on the damage induction pathway.
Materials and methods: We introduce aqueous samples of UMP (uridine-5'-monophosphate) in the vacuum by the use of a liquid micro-jet technique. The luminescence in the region of UV-VIS (from visible to ultraviolet) radiation induced after the absorption of monochromatic soft X-ray by aqueous UMP is measured with sweeping the soft X-ray energy in the region of 370-560 eV.
Results: The enhanced XIL intensities for aqueous UMP in the region of soft X-ray of 410-530 eV (in "water window" region) are obtained. The enhancement of XIL intensities in the UV-VIS region, relative to the water control, is explained by the excitation and ionization of a K-shell electron of nitrogen atoms in the uracil moiety. The enhanced XIL intensities do not match the structure of XANES (X-ray absorption near-edge structure) of the aqueous UMP. This suggests that the XIL intensities reflect the quantum yields of luminescence, or the quantum yields for conversion by UMP of an absorbed X-ray into UV-VIS radiation. In this paper, spectra of luminescence are shown to be resolved by combining low pass filters. The filtered luminescence spectra are obtained at the center of gravity (λc) of the band pass wavelength regions at λc = 270nm, 295 nm, 340 nm, 385 nm, 450 nm, and 525 nm., which show a trend similar to the fluorescence of nucleobases induced by ultraviolet radiation.
Conclusion: It is concluded that the origin of the observed XIL is the hydrated uracil moiety in aqueous UMP, decomposition of which is suppressed by the migration of excess charge and internal energy after the double ionization due to Auger decay.
{"title":"X-ray induced luminescence spectroscopy for DNA damaging intermediates aided by a monochromatic synchrotron radiation.","authors":"Yusaku Terao, Yoshiaki Kumagai, Issei Suzuki, Takahiro Tsuchiya, Masatoshi Ukai, Akinari Yokoya, Kentaro Fujii, Yoshihiro Fukuda, Yuji Saitoh","doi":"10.1080/09553002.2021.1967506","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09553002.2021.1967506","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To identify the bonding sites of initial radiation interaction with DNA and to trace the following chemical reaction sequences on the pathway of damage induction, we carry out a spectroscopy XIL (X-ray induced luminescence) using soft X-ray synchrotron radiation. This is a nondestructive analysis of the excited intermediate species produced in a molecular mechanism on the damage induction pathway.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>We introduce aqueous samples of UMP (uridine-5'-monophosphate) in the vacuum by the use of a liquid micro-jet technique. The luminescence in the region of UV-VIS (from visible to ultraviolet) radiation induced after the absorption of monochromatic soft X-ray by aqueous UMP is measured with sweeping the soft X-ray energy in the region of 370-560 eV.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The enhanced XIL intensities for aqueous UMP in the region of soft X-ray of 410-530 eV (in \"water window\" region) are obtained. The enhancement of XIL intensities in the UV-VIS region, relative to the water control, is explained by the excitation and ionization of a K-shell electron of nitrogen atoms in the uracil moiety. The enhanced XIL intensities do not match the structure of XANES (X-ray absorption near-edge structure) of the aqueous UMP. This suggests that the XIL intensities reflect the quantum yields of luminescence, or the quantum yields for conversion by UMP of an absorbed X-ray into UV-VIS radiation. In this paper, spectra of luminescence are shown to be resolved by combining low pass filters. The filtered luminescence spectra are obtained at the center of gravity (λc) of the band pass wavelength regions at λc = 270nm, 295 nm, 340 nm, 385 nm, 450 nm, and 525 nm., which show a trend similar to the fluorescence of nucleobases induced by ultraviolet radiation.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>It is concluded that the origin of the observed XIL is the hydrated uracil moiety in aqueous UMP, decomposition of which is suppressed by the migration of excess charge and internal energy after the double ionization due to Auger decay.</p>","PeriodicalId":14261,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Radiation Biology","volume":"99 1","pages":"89-94"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10716851","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Purpose: The study of the radioactive role of natural and chemical substances on human and animal studies has been the subject of research by some researchers. Therefore, the review of some of the past and current studies conducted in this field, can provide helpful information to elucidate of the importance of radioprotective components in reducing radiation exposure side effects.
Methods: The authors search for keywords including In vitro, In vivo, Radioprotective, Ionizing radiation, and Vitamin in ScienceDirect, Scopus, Pubmed, and Google Scholar databases to access previously published articles and search for more reference articles on the role of radioprotective materials from natural and chemical compounds.
Results: Radiation exposure can produce reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the body, however most of which are eliminated by the body's natural mechanisms, but when the body's antioxidant systems do not have enough ability to neutralize free radicals, oxidative stress occurs, which causes damage to DNA and body tissues. Therefore, it is necessary use of alternative substances that reduce and inhibit free radicals.
Conclusion: In general, recommended that antioxidant component(s) can be protect tissue damages in humans or animals, due to the their ability to scavenge free radicals generated by ionizing radiation.
目的:研究天然物质和化学物质对人体和动物的放射性作用一直是一些研究人员研究的课题。因此,回顾过去和目前在这一领域进行的一些研究,可以提供有用的信息来阐明辐射防护成分在减少辐射暴露副作用方面的重要性。方法:作者在ScienceDirect、Scopus、Pubmed和Google Scholar数据库中搜索关键词In vitro, In vivo, Radioprotective, Ionizing radiation, and Vitamin,获取先前发表的文章,并搜索更多关于天然和化学化合物中放射性防护材料作用的参考文章。结果:辐射暴露可在体内产生活性氧(ROS),但其中大部分被机体的自然机制所消除,但当机体的抗氧化系统没有足够的能力来中和自由基时,就会发生氧化应激,从而导致DNA和机体组织的损伤。因此,有必要使用减少和抑制自由基的替代物质。结论:一般来说,推荐抗氧化成分可以保护人体或动物的组织损伤,因为它们具有清除电离辐射产生的自由基的能力。
{"title":"In-vivo and in vitro assessments of the radioprotective potential natural and chemical compounds: a review.","authors":"Anis Javadi, Mohammad Reza Nikhbakht, Javad Ghasemian Yadegari, Auob Rustamzadeh, Mohsen Mohammadi, Alireza Shirazinejad, Saleh Azadbakht, Zahra Abdi","doi":"10.1080/09553002.2022.2078007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09553002.2022.2078007","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The study of the radioactive role of natural and chemical substances on human and animal studies has been the subject of research by some researchers. Therefore, the review of some of the past and current studies conducted in this field, can provide helpful information to elucidate of the importance of radioprotective components in reducing radiation exposure side effects.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The authors search for keywords including In vitro, In vivo, Radioprotective, Ionizing radiation, and Vitamin in ScienceDirect, Scopus, Pubmed, and Google Scholar databases to access previously published articles and search for more reference articles on the role of radioprotective materials from natural and chemical compounds.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Radiation exposure can produce reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the body, however most of which are eliminated by the body's natural mechanisms, but when the body's antioxidant systems do not have enough ability to neutralize free radicals, oxidative stress occurs, which causes damage to DNA and body tissues. Therefore, it is necessary use of alternative substances that reduce and inhibit free radicals.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In general, recommended that antioxidant component(s) can be protect tissue damages in humans or animals, due to the their ability to scavenge free radicals generated by ionizing radiation.</p>","PeriodicalId":14261,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Radiation Biology","volume":"99 2","pages":"155-165"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10729526","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Purpose: Monochromatic hard X-rays with high brightness are desired for medical applications including Auger therapy. One can generate such X-rays through laser-Compton scattering (LCS) by allowing photons from a compact laser system to interact with electrons accelerated by a compact electron accelerator. In this paper, after a brief description of laser-Compton X-ray sources, a scheme called crab crossing to enhance the X-ray intensity is proposed. The effect of crab crossing is evaluated, and we report our dedicated laser system for the crab crossing LCS research.
Materials and methods: The luminosity enhancement factor by crab crossing is evaluated. For the electron beam, a rf deflector will be used to generate a tilted electron beam. For the laser system, chirped pulsed amplification is adopted. Yb-doped optical fibers and a Yb:YAG thin-disk is used for the laser gain media.
Results: The luminosity enhancement factor by crab crossing is expected to be 3.8 when the crossing angle is 45 degrees. 10mJ pulse energy was achieved by thin-disk regenerative amplifier. The pulse duration after the pulse compressor was about 1.5 ps.
Conclusion: We are going to demonstrate the LCS X-ray enhancement by crab crossing of electron beam and laser pulse. The expected enhancement factor is 3.8. We have successfully finished the laser development and the proof-of-principle experiment will be conducted soon.
{"title":"Study on X-ray enhancement in Laser-Compton scattering for auger therapy.","authors":"Yuya Koshiba, Ryosuke Morita, Koki Yamashita, Masakazu Washio, Kazuyuki Sakaue, Takeshi Higashiguchi, Junji Urakawa","doi":"10.1080/09553002.2020.1811420","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09553002.2020.1811420","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Monochromatic hard X-rays with high brightness are desired for medical applications including Auger therapy. One can generate such X-rays through laser-Compton scattering (LCS) by allowing photons from a compact laser system to interact with electrons accelerated by a compact electron accelerator. In this paper, after a brief description of laser-Compton X-ray sources, a scheme called crab crossing to enhance the X-ray intensity is proposed. The effect of crab crossing is evaluated, and we report our dedicated laser system for the crab crossing LCS research.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>The luminosity enhancement factor by crab crossing is evaluated. For the electron beam, a rf deflector will be used to generate a tilted electron beam. For the laser system, chirped pulsed amplification is adopted. Yb-doped optical fibers and a Yb:YAG thin-disk is used for the laser gain media.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The luminosity enhancement factor by crab crossing is expected to be 3.8 when the crossing angle is 45 degrees. 10mJ pulse energy was achieved by thin-disk regenerative amplifier. The pulse duration after the pulse compressor was about 1.5 ps.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>We are going to demonstrate the LCS X-ray enhancement by crab crossing of electron beam and laser pulse. The expected enhancement factor is 3.8. We have successfully finished the laser development and the proof-of-principle experiment will be conducted soon.</p>","PeriodicalId":14261,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Radiation Biology","volume":"99 1","pages":"77-81"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/09553002.2020.1811420","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10732969","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2022.2094022
Zijia Jin, Lei Dong, Lei Tian, Mei Zhou, Yu Zheng
Purpose: Music therapy, like red-pink (soothing) music, is an important treatment for neurological disorders associated with learning and memory. Magnetic fields have been proved to have a similar regulating effect. However, the effect of magnetic fields with musical rhythm generated by the combination of the two has not been confirmed. This study aimed to investigate the regulation of magnetic stimulation with music rhythm on LTP (long-term potentiation) of Schaffer-CA1.
Materials and methods: This article selected three sorts of music tracks in different frequencies (music track (1) Turkish March, music track (2) Moonlight Sonata, music track (3) Funeral March) and four sorts of pure sinusoidal tracks of four different harmonic frequency (music track (4) the frequency is 3500 Hz; music track (5) the frequency is 2500 Hz; music track (6) the frequency is 1500 Hz; music track (7) the frequency is 500 Hz). These music tracks are converted into analog signals by the external sound card and power amplifier and fed into a homemade coil that meets the demand for this frequency bandwidth. The coil can generate seven sorts of time-varying magnetic fields with musical rhythm with a mean intensity of about 2 mT. We used multi-electrode array (MEA) to record the LTP signals of Schaffer-CA1 synaptic induced by seven sorts of musical rhythmic magnetic fields and analyze the regulation of them.
Results: The musical rhythmic magnetic fields generated by track 1 and track 2 have a remarkable enhancing effect on the amplitude of fEPSPs (field excitatory postsynaptic potentials) (p < .05), and these effects intensify with the increase of frequency. Nevertheless, there is no significant enhancing effect on LTP of the rhythmic magnetic field generated by track 3 (p > .05). The sinusoidal magnetic fields generated by track 4 and track 5 have an enhancing effect on the amplitude of fEPSPs (p < .05), and the enhancement is better than track 1 and track 2. The sinusoidal magnetic fields generated by track 6 and track 7 have an inhibiting effect (p < .05).
Conclusion: We found that the enhancing effect of musical rhythmic magnetic fields generated by track 1 was the most significant. The frequency of 1500 Hz could be a turning-point frequency in the regulation of magnetic field on LTP.
目的:音乐疗法,像红粉色(舒缓)音乐一样,是与学习和记忆有关的神经系统疾病的重要治疗方法。磁场已被证明具有类似的调节作用。然而,两者结合产生的具有音乐节奏的磁场的效果尚未得到证实。本研究旨在探讨音乐节奏磁刺激对Schaffer-CA1长期增强(LTP)的调节作用。材料与方法:本文选取了三种不同频率的音乐曲目(音乐曲目(1)土耳其进行曲、音乐曲目(2)月光奏鸣曲、音乐曲目(3)葬礼进行曲)和四种不同谐波频率的纯正弦曲目(音乐曲目(4),频率为3500赫兹;音乐轨道(5)频率为2500hz;音乐轨道(6)频率为1500hz;音乐轨道(7)的频率是500赫兹)。这些音乐轨道被外部声卡和功率放大器转换成模拟信号,并馈送到满足该频率带宽需求的自制线圈中。该线圈可产生7种具有音乐节奏的时变磁场,平均强度约为2 mT。用多电极阵列(MEA)记录了7种音乐节奏磁场诱导的Schaffer-CA1突触LTP信号,并分析了它们的调控作用。结果:音轨1和音轨2产生的音乐节奏磁场对大鼠场兴奋性突触后电位(fEPSPs)振幅有显著的增强作用(p p > 0.05)。声道4和声道5产生的正弦磁场对fEPSPs的振幅有增强作用(p p)。结论:我们发现声道1产生的音乐节奏磁场对fEPSPs的增强作用最为显著。1500 Hz的频率可以作为磁场对LTP调节的转折点频率。
{"title":"Regulation of LTP at rat hippocampal Schaffer-CA1 in vitro by musical rhythmic magnetic fields generated by red-pink (soothing) music tracks.","authors":"Zijia Jin, Lei Dong, Lei Tian, Mei Zhou, Yu Zheng","doi":"10.1080/09553002.2022.2094022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09553002.2022.2094022","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Music therapy, like red-pink (soothing) music, is an important treatment for neurological disorders associated with learning and memory. Magnetic fields have been proved to have a similar regulating effect. However, the effect of magnetic fields with musical rhythm generated by the combination of the two has not been confirmed. This study aimed to investigate the regulation of magnetic stimulation with music rhythm on LTP (long-term potentiation) of Schaffer-CA1.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>This article selected three sorts of music tracks in different frequencies (music track (1) <i>Turkish March</i>, music track (2) <i>Moonlight Sonata</i>, music track (3) <i>Funeral March</i>) and four sorts of pure sinusoidal tracks of four different harmonic frequency (music track (4) the frequency is 3500 Hz; music track (5) the frequency is 2500 Hz; music track (6) the frequency is 1500 Hz; music track (7) the frequency is 500 Hz). These music tracks are converted into analog signals by the external sound card and power amplifier and fed into a homemade coil that meets the demand for this frequency bandwidth. The coil can generate seven sorts of time-varying magnetic fields with musical rhythm with a mean intensity of about 2 mT. We used multi-electrode array (MEA) to record the LTP signals of Schaffer-CA1 synaptic induced by seven sorts of musical rhythmic magnetic fields and analyze the regulation of them.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The musical rhythmic magnetic fields generated by track 1 and track 2 have a remarkable enhancing effect on the amplitude of fEPSPs (field excitatory postsynaptic potentials) (<i>p</i> < .05), and these effects intensify with the increase of frequency. Nevertheless, there is no significant enhancing effect on LTP of the rhythmic magnetic field generated by track 3 (<i>p</i> > .05). The sinusoidal magnetic fields generated by track 4 and track 5 have an enhancing effect on the amplitude of fEPSPs (<i>p</i> < .05), and the enhancement is better than track 1 and track 2. The sinusoidal magnetic fields generated by track 6 and track 7 have an inhibiting effect (<i>p</i> < .05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>We found that the enhancing effect of musical rhythmic magnetic fields generated by track 1 was the most significant. The frequency of 1500 Hz could be a turning-point frequency in the regulation of magnetic field on LTP.</p>","PeriodicalId":14261,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Radiation Biology","volume":"99 3","pages":"439-445"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9445327","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2022.2110318
Dea Kartini, Olga Sokol, Chutima Talabnin, Chinorat Kobdaj, Marco Durante, Michael Krämer, Martina Fuss
Purpose: In this study, we performed biological verification measurements of cell survival of a 12C ion irradiation plan employing a high-resolution 3D culture setup. This allowed, in particular, to access the cell inactivation in the low-dose regions close to the target area.
Materials and methods: We established the protocol for a 3D culture setup where xrs-5 cells were grown inside a layered matrigel structure in 384-well plates. Their radiosensitivity to conventional and 12C ion radiation was evaluated by irradiating them either with 250 kV X-rays at GSI or with monoenergetic 12C beams of 110 MeV/u at MIT, and compared with those of monolayers. A treatment plan for a rectangular target was prepared using the GSI research treatment planning system TRiP98. xrs-5 cells were seeded in the matrigel-based setup and irradiated in dose fall-off regions using active scanning 12C ion beams. In addition, film dosimetry utilizing radiochromic EBT3 film has been performed to assess the field homogeneity downstream of 384-well V-bottom plates with or without additional agarose coating of the well plate bottom.
Results: Dose response curves following X-ray and 12C ion irradiation had linear shape and showed a significant decrease in survival fraction at even moderate doses. Survival measurements in the low-dose regions of the plan for the extended target showed good agreement to the predicted survival fraction. The irradiated film profiles yielded a flat dose distribution without apparent artifacts or inhomogeneities for well plates both with and without agarose coating, confirming the suitability of the experimental setup.
Conclusions: We conclude that the V-bottom 384-well plates in combination with the radiation-sensitive xrs-5 cell line constitute a suitable radiobiological verification tool which can be used especially for low doses. Furthermore, the measured survival of xrs-5 cells show a good agreement with the expected survival in the low-dose out-of-field regions, both laterally and downstream of the target.
{"title":"3D high resolution clonogenic survival measurement of xrs-5 cells in low-dose region of carbon ion plans.","authors":"Dea Kartini, Olga Sokol, Chutima Talabnin, Chinorat Kobdaj, Marco Durante, Michael Krämer, Martina Fuss","doi":"10.1080/09553002.2022.2110318","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09553002.2022.2110318","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>In this study, we performed biological verification measurements of cell survival of a <sup>12</sup>C ion irradiation plan employing a high-resolution 3D culture setup. This allowed, in particular, to access the cell inactivation in the low-dose regions close to the target area.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>We established the protocol for a 3D culture setup where xrs-5 cells were grown inside a layered matrigel structure in 384-well plates. Their radiosensitivity to conventional and <sup>12</sup>C ion radiation was evaluated by irradiating them either with 250 kV X-rays at GSI or with monoenergetic <sup>12</sup>C beams of 110 MeV/u at MIT, and compared with those of monolayers. A treatment plan for a rectangular target was prepared using the GSI research treatment planning system TRiP98. xrs-5 cells were seeded in the matrigel-based setup and irradiated in dose fall-off regions using active scanning <sup>12</sup>C ion beams. In addition, film dosimetry utilizing radiochromic EBT3 film has been performed to assess the field homogeneity downstream of 384-well V-bottom plates with or without additional agarose coating of the well plate bottom.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Dose response curves following X-ray and <sup>12</sup>C ion irradiation had linear shape and showed a significant decrease in survival fraction at even moderate doses. Survival measurements in the low-dose regions of the plan for the extended target showed good agreement to the predicted survival fraction. The irradiated film profiles yielded a flat dose distribution without apparent artifacts or inhomogeneities for well plates both with and without agarose coating, confirming the suitability of the experimental setup.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>We conclude that the V-bottom 384-well plates in combination with the radiation-sensitive xrs-5 cell line constitute a suitable radiobiological verification tool which can be used especially for low doses. Furthermore, the measured survival of xrs-5 cells show a good agreement with the expected survival in the low-dose out-of-field regions, both laterally and downstream of the target.</p>","PeriodicalId":14261,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Radiation Biology","volume":"99 3","pages":"488-498"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9445331","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2022.2110315
Julie J Burtt, Suminori Akiba, Dimitry Bazyka, C Norman Coleman, Maureen Hatch, Jonine L Bernstein
Julie J. Burtt, Suminori Akiba, Dimitry Bazyka, C. Norman Coleman, Maureen Hatch, and Jonine L. Bernstein Canadian Nuclear Safety Commission, Ottawa, ON, Canada; Hirosaki University Center for Radiation Support and Safety, Hirosaki, Japan; National Research Center for Radiation Medicine of the Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine; Radiation Research Program, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA; Office of the Assistant Secretary for Preparedness and Response (ASPR), Department of Health and Human Services, Washington, DC, USA; Radiation Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA; Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
{"title":"Radiation disasters - long term consequences: reflections and summary of a recent symposium.","authors":"Julie J Burtt, Suminori Akiba, Dimitry Bazyka, C Norman Coleman, Maureen Hatch, Jonine L Bernstein","doi":"10.1080/09553002.2022.2110315","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09553002.2022.2110315","url":null,"abstract":"Julie J. Burtt, Suminori Akiba, Dimitry Bazyka, C. Norman Coleman, Maureen Hatch, and Jonine L. Bernstein Canadian Nuclear Safety Commission, Ottawa, ON, Canada; Hirosaki University Center for Radiation Support and Safety, Hirosaki, Japan; National Research Center for Radiation Medicine of the Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine; Radiation Research Program, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA; Office of the Assistant Secretary for Preparedness and Response (ASPR), Department of Health and Human Services, Washington, DC, USA; Radiation Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA; Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA","PeriodicalId":14261,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Radiation Biology","volume":"99 3","pages":"561-568"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9449837","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2023.2142981
Kai Takebayashi, Keito Echizenya, Yuki Kameya, Daichi Nakajima, Ryo Nakayama, Yohei Fujishima, Valerie Swee Ting Goh, Yu Abe, Kosuke Kasai, Donovan A Anderson, William F Blakely, Tomisato Miura
Purpose: The dicentric chromosome (Dic) assay, which is the gold standard for biological dose assessment in radiation emergency medicine, requires an analysis of at least 500 lymphocyte metaphases or 100 Dic aberrations. Therefore, peripheral blood culture conditions able to obtain a high frequency of metaphases for efficient dose evaluation should be optimized. However, the type of blood cultures [i.e. whole blood (WB) or isolated peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC)-culture] and blood volume differ between biodosimetry laboratories. The purpose of this study is to investigate the blood volume at which a high mitotic index (MI) is obtained in peripheral WB-culture and isolated PBMC-culture, and to examine the possible effect of blood volume on radiation-induced Dic frequency.
Materials and methods: Peripheral blood was collected from three healthy donors with their informed consent. The complete and differential blood counts were performed using an automated hematology analyzer. After blood count, peripheral blood was irradiated with 0 or 2 Gy X-ray. Blood was cultured with phytohemagglutinin (180 μg/ml) and demecolcine (0.05 μg/ml) for 48 h. The MI and Dic frequency were analyzed in 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, and 30% WB-cultures and 0.6, 1.2, 1.8, 2.4, 3.0, 3.6, and 4.2 ml WB-equivalent PBMC-cultures.
Results: In WB-culture, MI showed the highest value (∼22%) in 5-15% WB-culture and then gradually decreased to ∼9% with 30% WB-culture. MI peaked at 36 and 31% in 1.8 and 2.4 ml-WB equivalent volumes for PMBC-cultures, respectively. MI progressively decreased as the amount of PBMCs increased. Although individual differences were observed in the MI values among the three subjects, all the subjects showed the same tendency and higher MI was seen in PBMC than WB-cultures. However, these factors had no significant impact on the yield of Dics. In all culture conditions, the estimated dose calculated based on the Dic frequency was equivalent to the absorbed dose of ex vivo X-ray-irradiated blood.
Conclusion: While MI was affected by the blood culture type and the volume of cultured blood, Dic yield did not differ significantly between these conditions. These results could be used by relevant laboratories to optimize MI in certain circumstances.
{"title":"Mitotic index maximization with no effect on radiation-induced dicentric chromosome frequency.","authors":"Kai Takebayashi, Keito Echizenya, Yuki Kameya, Daichi Nakajima, Ryo Nakayama, Yohei Fujishima, Valerie Swee Ting Goh, Yu Abe, Kosuke Kasai, Donovan A Anderson, William F Blakely, Tomisato Miura","doi":"10.1080/09553002.2023.2142981","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09553002.2023.2142981","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The dicentric chromosome (Dic) assay, which is the gold standard for biological dose assessment in radiation emergency medicine, requires an analysis of at least 500 lymphocyte metaphases or 100 Dic aberrations. Therefore, peripheral blood culture conditions able to obtain a high frequency of metaphases for efficient dose evaluation should be optimized. However, the type of blood cultures [i.e. whole blood (WB) or isolated peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC)-culture] and blood volume differ between biodosimetry laboratories. The purpose of this study is to investigate the blood volume at which a high mitotic index (MI) is obtained in peripheral WB-culture and isolated PBMC-culture, and to examine the possible effect of blood volume on radiation-induced Dic frequency.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Peripheral blood was collected from three healthy donors with their informed consent. The complete and differential blood counts were performed using an automated hematology analyzer. After blood count, peripheral blood was irradiated with 0 or 2 Gy X-ray. Blood was cultured with phytohemagglutinin (180 μg/ml) and demecolcine (0.05 μg/ml) for 48 h. The MI and Dic frequency were analyzed in 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, and 30% WB-cultures and 0.6, 1.2, 1.8, 2.4, 3.0, 3.6, and 4.2 ml WB-equivalent PBMC-cultures.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In WB-culture, MI showed the highest value (∼22%) in 5-15% WB-culture and then gradually decreased to ∼9% with 30% WB-culture. MI peaked at 36 and 31% in 1.8 and 2.4 ml-WB equivalent volumes for PMBC-cultures, respectively. MI progressively decreased as the amount of PBMCs increased. Although individual differences were observed in the MI values among the three subjects, all the subjects showed the same tendency and higher MI was seen in PBMC than WB-cultures. However, these factors had no significant impact on the yield of Dics. In all culture conditions, the estimated dose calculated based on the Dic frequency was equivalent to the absorbed dose of <i>ex vivo</i> X-ray-irradiated blood.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>While MI was affected by the blood culture type and the volume of cultured blood, Dic yield did not differ significantly between these conditions. These results could be used by relevant laboratories to optimize MI in certain circumstances.</p>","PeriodicalId":14261,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Radiation Biology","volume":"99 5","pages":"750-759"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9449844","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}