Pub Date : 2007-11-21DOI: 10.1109/ICEAA.2007.4387329
J. Norgard, M. Wicks, W. Baldygo, K. Magde, W. Moore, A. Drozd, R. Musselman
The proliferation of strategic subsurface targets has increased the need for remote sensing techniques providing for the accurate detection and identification of deeply buried objects. A new RF tomographic technique is proposed in this concept paper for developing RF CAT Scans of buried objects using spectral, spatial/angular, and polarization diversity. This tomographic imaging technique, developed by Wicks and presented in GPR 2004 [1], uses embedded subsurface radiators, delivered by earth-penetrating non-explosive, electronic "e-bombs", as the source of strong underground radiated transmissions. Distributed surface-contact sensors are used to collect the tomographic data for relay to a UAV and transmission to a remote site. Three-dimensional imaging algorithms have been developed to detect, image, and characterize deeply buried targets. By embedding the transmitters underground, reduced mutual coupling and EM emissions, and improved signal-to-noise ratios can be achieved. Simple surface SAR experiments over deep mine shafts have been performed to validate the 3D processing algorithms using 2D surface SAR sensor data. WIPL-D models have also been used to simulate the embedded and distributed sensors and to verify the significant enhancement in the received signal-to-noise ratio obtained by burying radiators under the surface.
{"title":"Distributed/embedded sub-surface sensors for imaging buried objects with reduced mutual coupling and suppressed electromagnetic emissions","authors":"J. Norgard, M. Wicks, W. Baldygo, K. Magde, W. Moore, A. Drozd, R. Musselman","doi":"10.1109/ICEAA.2007.4387329","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICEAA.2007.4387329","url":null,"abstract":"The proliferation of strategic subsurface targets has increased the need for remote sensing techniques providing for the accurate detection and identification of deeply buried objects. A new RF tomographic technique is proposed in this concept paper for developing RF CAT Scans of buried objects using spectral, spatial/angular, and polarization diversity. This tomographic imaging technique, developed by Wicks and presented in GPR 2004 [1], uses embedded subsurface radiators, delivered by earth-penetrating non-explosive, electronic \"e-bombs\", as the source of strong underground radiated transmissions. Distributed surface-contact sensors are used to collect the tomographic data for relay to a UAV and transmission to a remote site. Three-dimensional imaging algorithms have been developed to detect, image, and characterize deeply buried targets. By embedding the transmitters underground, reduced mutual coupling and EM emissions, and improved signal-to-noise ratios can be achieved. Simple surface SAR experiments over deep mine shafts have been performed to validate the 3D processing algorithms using 2D surface SAR sensor data. WIPL-D models have also been used to simulate the embedded and distributed sensors and to verify the significant enhancement in the received signal-to-noise ratio obtained by burying radiators under the surface.","PeriodicalId":142822,"journal":{"name":"2007 International Waveform Diversity and Design Conference","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129947299","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-06-04DOI: 10.1109/WDDC.2007.4339447
S. Searle, S. Howard
A binary code sequence attained by modification of a Golay code is proposed. This code has sidelobes which are out of phase with the main lobe, a property which facilitates their removal. Unknown delay-dependent phase terms proclude the multiplexing of a Golay pair in frequency. However the modified Golay code is found to have an autocorrelation whose square is complementary with that of the code's original Golay partner. This enables complementary behavior to be achieved when the modified code is multiplexed at equal offsets both above and below the partner. Applications include sidelobe removal in radar returns.
{"title":"A novel polyphase code for sidelobe suppression","authors":"S. Searle, S. Howard","doi":"10.1109/WDDC.2007.4339447","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WDDC.2007.4339447","url":null,"abstract":"A binary code sequence attained by modification of a Golay code is proposed. This code has sidelobes which are out of phase with the main lobe, a property which facilitates their removal. Unknown delay-dependent phase terms proclude the multiplexing of a Golay pair in frequency. However the modified Golay code is found to have an autocorrelation whose square is complementary with that of the code's original Golay partner. This enables complementary behavior to be achieved when the modified code is multiplexed at equal offsets both above and below the partner. Applications include sidelobe removal in radar returns.","PeriodicalId":142822,"journal":{"name":"2007 International Waveform Diversity and Design Conference","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122982243","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-06-04DOI: 10.1109/WDDC.2007.4339457
A. Nelander
This paper describes a new class of continuous waveforms for noise radar that can be processed using earlier developed methods for reducing pulse compression sidelobes and equalizing compressed pulses before Doppler filtering. The proposed waveforms are based on codes that modulate sub-pulses which define the bandwidth of the waveform. For constant amplitude waveforms the codes are phase codes and the sub-pulses can consist of rectangular pulses with constant phase or linear phase. The proposed waveforms use many short codes to produce a code with a length that is the product of the shorter code lengths. The resulting long code can be arbitrarily long by introducing new shorter codes iteratively. The codes can be random or deterministic with low mismatch losses in the processing at the expense of a quasi-periodic but unpredictable waveform.
{"title":"Continuous coded waveforms for noise radar","authors":"A. Nelander","doi":"10.1109/WDDC.2007.4339457","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WDDC.2007.4339457","url":null,"abstract":"This paper describes a new class of continuous waveforms for noise radar that can be processed using earlier developed methods for reducing pulse compression sidelobes and equalizing compressed pulses before Doppler filtering. The proposed waveforms are based on codes that modulate sub-pulses which define the bandwidth of the waveform. For constant amplitude waveforms the codes are phase codes and the sub-pulses can consist of rectangular pulses with constant phase or linear phase. The proposed waveforms use many short codes to produce a code with a length that is the product of the shorter code lengths. The resulting long code can be arbitrarily long by introducing new shorter codes iteratively. The codes can be random or deterministic with low mismatch losses in the processing at the expense of a quasi-periodic but unpredictable waveform.","PeriodicalId":142822,"journal":{"name":"2007 International Waveform Diversity and Design Conference","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122187680","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-06-04DOI: 10.1109/WDDC.2007.4339369
L. Shen, J. Juang, Ching-Lang Tsai, C. Tseng, P. Ko, Houng-Shenq Chen
In the paper, a new application and development of a highly integrated GPS receiver with reflected GPS signals for ground object detection and digital terrain elevation mapping will be described. Several application considerations have been analyzed in order to successfully acquire and track weak, reflected GPS signals from ground surface. First of all, both RHCP and LHCP antennas are employed so that direct and reflected signals can be acquired simultaneously. The direction of arrival of the signals may be along the reflected signal path or even along the line-of-sight of a particular satellite. Unlike most existing GPS reflection experiment, the goal of the study is to exploit the carrier phase, reflectivity of L1/L2 SNR components of the reflected signals and direct signals for stream fresh water and ocean water object detection. An integer ambiguity resolution algorithm has also been implemented. During the development and test stage, the digital terrain elevation data and high resolution satellite's images has been used and mapped with the integrated software.
{"title":"Application of integrated reflected GPS signals L1/L2 observation and DTED techniques with an integrated GPS receiver for remote sensing stream flow","authors":"L. Shen, J. Juang, Ching-Lang Tsai, C. Tseng, P. Ko, Houng-Shenq Chen","doi":"10.1109/WDDC.2007.4339369","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WDDC.2007.4339369","url":null,"abstract":"In the paper, a new application and development of a highly integrated GPS receiver with reflected GPS signals for ground object detection and digital terrain elevation mapping will be described. Several application considerations have been analyzed in order to successfully acquire and track weak, reflected GPS signals from ground surface. First of all, both RHCP and LHCP antennas are employed so that direct and reflected signals can be acquired simultaneously. The direction of arrival of the signals may be along the reflected signal path or even along the line-of-sight of a particular satellite. Unlike most existing GPS reflection experiment, the goal of the study is to exploit the carrier phase, reflectivity of L1/L2 SNR components of the reflected signals and direct signals for stream fresh water and ocean water object detection. An integer ambiguity resolution algorithm has also been implemented. During the development and test stage, the digital terrain elevation data and high resolution satellite's images has been used and mapped with the integrated software.","PeriodicalId":142822,"journal":{"name":"2007 International Waveform Diversity and Design Conference","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128535200","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-06-04DOI: 10.1109/WDDC.2007.4339395
P. Drexler, T. Jirků, M. Steinbauer, P. Fiala
There are certain optical methods for the measurement of ultra-short solitary electromagnetic pulses or low-level measurement. The measurement methods properties have to correspond to the fact of whether we want to measure pulses of voltage, current or a free-space electromagnetic wave. The need for specific measurement methods occurred owing to the development of high power microwave pulse generator. Certain applicable methods are presented in this paper. For the same purpose, the magneto-optic method can be utilized with respect to its advantages. For the measurement of the output microwave pulse of the generator, the optical method was designed and realized. Low-level optical measurement methods were used for nano-layers measurement and experimentally verified with regard to air ion concentration test.
{"title":"Optical methods for extreme level measurement","authors":"P. Drexler, T. Jirků, M. Steinbauer, P. Fiala","doi":"10.1109/WDDC.2007.4339395","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WDDC.2007.4339395","url":null,"abstract":"There are certain optical methods for the measurement of ultra-short solitary electromagnetic pulses or low-level measurement. The measurement methods properties have to correspond to the fact of whether we want to measure pulses of voltage, current or a free-space electromagnetic wave. The need for specific measurement methods occurred owing to the development of high power microwave pulse generator. Certain applicable methods are presented in this paper. For the same purpose, the magneto-optic method can be utilized with respect to its advantages. For the measurement of the output microwave pulse of the generator, the optical method was designed and realized. Low-level optical measurement methods were used for nano-layers measurement and experimentally verified with regard to air ion concentration test.","PeriodicalId":142822,"journal":{"name":"2007 International Waveform Diversity and Design Conference","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123677086","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-06-04DOI: 10.1109/WDDC.2007.4339368
L. Shen, J. Juang, Ching-Lang Tsai, C. Tseng, Chia-hyang Chang
The paper is intended to describe relationships of reflected GPS signals and environmental effect factors. No discussion of control would be complete without illuminating the software dimension. An altitude iteration loop into least squares searching for receiver position was modified and enhanced by giving 4 or more pseudo-ranges and ephemeredes and zooming on the plot to detect the search pattern. [1] The software is developed using MATLAB tools, which can display results of the reflected surface area altitude in real time. For the reflected signal application, it has been proven that a GPS receiver cannot smoothly detect reflected signals because under the underground base receiver system cannot smoothly receive the reflected GPS signals when the GPS signals are weak and discontinuously reflected. [2] This problem negatively impacts and reduces application of reflected signals. The design of an integrated receiver system permits smooth reception of the signals reflected by the water or ground. A rapid resolution altimetry method was developed by using surface elevations spectrum with the elevation angle and line of sight theory in the reflecting geometry and atmospheric corrections with ambiguity solution.
{"title":"Improving instantaneous atmospheric corrections for reflected GPS signals L1/L2 observation techniques with an integrated GPS receiver","authors":"L. Shen, J. Juang, Ching-Lang Tsai, C. Tseng, Chia-hyang Chang","doi":"10.1109/WDDC.2007.4339368","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WDDC.2007.4339368","url":null,"abstract":"The paper is intended to describe relationships of reflected GPS signals and environmental effect factors. No discussion of control would be complete without illuminating the software dimension. An altitude iteration loop into least squares searching for receiver position was modified and enhanced by giving 4 or more pseudo-ranges and ephemeredes and zooming on the plot to detect the search pattern. [1] The software is developed using MATLAB tools, which can display results of the reflected surface area altitude in real time. For the reflected signal application, it has been proven that a GPS receiver cannot smoothly detect reflected signals because under the underground base receiver system cannot smoothly receive the reflected GPS signals when the GPS signals are weak and discontinuously reflected. [2] This problem negatively impacts and reduces application of reflected signals. The design of an integrated receiver system permits smooth reception of the signals reflected by the water or ground. A rapid resolution altimetry method was developed by using surface elevations spectrum with the elevation angle and line of sight theory in the reflecting geometry and atmospheric corrections with ambiguity solution.","PeriodicalId":142822,"journal":{"name":"2007 International Waveform Diversity and Design Conference","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125979479","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-06-04DOI: 10.1109/WDDC.2007.4339399
Hsiao-Lan Chiang, Sau-Gee Chen
For MIMO OFDM data detection, maximum-likelihood detection (MLD) has the best performance of all the detection algorithms. However, the involved computational complexity is prohibitively high for practical applications. In this paper, by optimizing trade-off between BER performance and computational complexity, we propose a combined detection scheme for MIMO OFDM systems. The combined method comprises sorted QR decomposition (SQRD), MLD, sphere decoding (SD), and back substitution (BS). Simulation results and analyses show that the proposed technique has better performance than comparable designs.
{"title":"An optimized combined data detection scheme for MIMO OFDM systems","authors":"Hsiao-Lan Chiang, Sau-Gee Chen","doi":"10.1109/WDDC.2007.4339399","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WDDC.2007.4339399","url":null,"abstract":"For MIMO OFDM data detection, maximum-likelihood detection (MLD) has the best performance of all the detection algorithms. However, the involved computational complexity is prohibitively high for practical applications. In this paper, by optimizing trade-off between BER performance and computational complexity, we propose a combined detection scheme for MIMO OFDM systems. The combined method comprises sorted QR decomposition (SQRD), MLD, sphere decoding (SD), and back substitution (BS). Simulation results and analyses show that the proposed technique has better performance than comparable designs.","PeriodicalId":142822,"journal":{"name":"2007 International Waveform Diversity and Design Conference","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125199189","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-06-04DOI: 10.1109/WDDC.2007.4339420
J. Palmer, M. Martorella, B. Haywood
This paper briefly describes a number of scalar, partially polarimetric, and fully polarimetric ISAR image autofocusing approaches that are based upon the PPP and ICBA autofocusing techniques. All approaches are then compared and contrasted using real world data provided by the Defence Science and Technology Organisation of Australia. From this analysis the ICBA approach results in an improved image focus as defined by the image contrast, image entropy and image peak measures, whereas the performance of the PPP based approaches are mixed at best.
{"title":"Polarimetric ISAR autofocussing techniques: Comparison of results","authors":"J. Palmer, M. Martorella, B. Haywood","doi":"10.1109/WDDC.2007.4339420","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WDDC.2007.4339420","url":null,"abstract":"This paper briefly describes a number of scalar, partially polarimetric, and fully polarimetric ISAR image autofocusing approaches that are based upon the PPP and ICBA autofocusing techniques. All approaches are then compared and contrasted using real world data provided by the Defence Science and Technology Organisation of Australia. From this analysis the ICBA approach results in an improved image focus as defined by the image contrast, image entropy and image peak measures, whereas the performance of the PPP based approaches are mixed at best.","PeriodicalId":142822,"journal":{"name":"2007 International Waveform Diversity and Design Conference","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133174023","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-06-04DOI: 10.1109/WDDC.2007.4339377
M. Khalaf-Allah, K. Kyamakya
We propose a Bayesian filter algorithm for tracking the position of mobile terminals in wireless cellular networks when the loss of GPS information occurs. Our technique utilizes simulated IMU (inertial measurement unit) data and map-matching according to the received cell-ID in the prediction and update steps of the algorithm respectively. The map used for matching has been generated by correlating geographical data and radio profile prediction information of the experimental area. We show how to maintain location information for mobile terminals in wireless networks using a novel combination of data sources. Our approach provides a reliable solution in street canyons and heavy tree canopies where GPS information is almost always inapplicable. The developed technique could also be applied to vehicle navigation, where dead-reckoning instruments are available and accurate.
{"title":"Tracking mobile terminals in wireless networks","authors":"M. Khalaf-Allah, K. Kyamakya","doi":"10.1109/WDDC.2007.4339377","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WDDC.2007.4339377","url":null,"abstract":"We propose a Bayesian filter algorithm for tracking the position of mobile terminals in wireless cellular networks when the loss of GPS information occurs. Our technique utilizes simulated IMU (inertial measurement unit) data and map-matching according to the received cell-ID in the prediction and update steps of the algorithm respectively. The map used for matching has been generated by correlating geographical data and radio profile prediction information of the experimental area. We show how to maintain location information for mobile terminals in wireless networks using a novel combination of data sources. Our approach provides a reliable solution in street canyons and heavy tree canopies where GPS information is almost always inapplicable. The developed technique could also be applied to vehicle navigation, where dead-reckoning instruments are available and accurate.","PeriodicalId":142822,"journal":{"name":"2007 International Waveform Diversity and Design Conference","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132305791","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-06-04DOI: 10.1109/WDDC.2007.4339386
G. Capraro, I. Bradaric, M. Wicks
Waveform diversity in multistatic radar systems can enhance distributed radar system performance. Dynamically changing the electromagnetic emanations of radar and communications systems however poses an electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) challenge. Data are provided illustrating how waveform diversity improves multistatic radar system performance. An approach for maintaining EMC in a dynamically changing environment is provided along with an example knowledge base (KB) solution.
{"title":"Knowledge base technologies for waveform diversity and electromagnetic compatibility","authors":"G. Capraro, I. Bradaric, M. Wicks","doi":"10.1109/WDDC.2007.4339386","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WDDC.2007.4339386","url":null,"abstract":"Waveform diversity in multistatic radar systems can enhance distributed radar system performance. Dynamically changing the electromagnetic emanations of radar and communications systems however poses an electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) challenge. Data are provided illustrating how waveform diversity improves multistatic radar system performance. An approach for maintaining EMC in a dynamically changing environment is provided along with an example knowledge base (KB) solution.","PeriodicalId":142822,"journal":{"name":"2007 International Waveform Diversity and Design Conference","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115075821","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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