Pub Date : 2007-06-04DOI: 10.1109/WDDC.2007.4339445
I. Kyriakides, Ioannis Konstantinidis, D. Morrell, J. Benedetto, A. Papandreou-Suppappola
When tracking targets in radar, the selection of the transmitted waveform and the method of processing the return signal are two of the design aspects that affect measurement accuracy. Increased measurement accuracy results in enhanced tracking performance. In this paper, we apply sequential Monte Carlo methods to propose matched filtering operations in the delay-Doppler space where a target is expected to exist. Moreover, in the case of thresholding the measurements, these methods are used to form resolution cells that have the shape of the probability of detection contour. These methods offer an advantage over traditional radar tracking methods that form tessellating resolution cells to approximate the probability of detection contours, and exhaustively perform matched filtering operations over the entire delay-Doppler space. With the use of a Bjorck constant amplitude zero-autocorrelation (CAZAC) sequence, a high resolution measurement is attained and the use of thresholding is avoided. This is an advantage over commonly used waveforms such as linear frequency modulated chirps (LFMs). We examine the properties of Bjorck CAZACs and demonstrate improved tracking performance over LFMs in a single target tracking scenario.
{"title":"Target tracking using particle filtering and CAZAC sequences","authors":"I. Kyriakides, Ioannis Konstantinidis, D. Morrell, J. Benedetto, A. Papandreou-Suppappola","doi":"10.1109/WDDC.2007.4339445","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WDDC.2007.4339445","url":null,"abstract":"When tracking targets in radar, the selection of the transmitted waveform and the method of processing the return signal are two of the design aspects that affect measurement accuracy. Increased measurement accuracy results in enhanced tracking performance. In this paper, we apply sequential Monte Carlo methods to propose matched filtering operations in the delay-Doppler space where a target is expected to exist. Moreover, in the case of thresholding the measurements, these methods are used to form resolution cells that have the shape of the probability of detection contour. These methods offer an advantage over traditional radar tracking methods that form tessellating resolution cells to approximate the probability of detection contours, and exhaustively perform matched filtering operations over the entire delay-Doppler space. With the use of a Bjorck constant amplitude zero-autocorrelation (CAZAC) sequence, a high resolution measurement is attained and the use of thresholding is avoided. This is an advantage over commonly used waveforms such as linear frequency modulated chirps (LFMs). We examine the properties of Bjorck CAZACs and demonstrate improved tracking performance over LFMs in a single target tracking scenario.","PeriodicalId":142822,"journal":{"name":"2007 International Waveform Diversity and Design Conference","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117006317","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-06-04DOI: 10.1109/WDDC.2007.4339406
Hyochul Kwak, Eunjung Yang, J. Chun
In this paper, we propose a new direction-of-arrival (DOA) scheme using a vector sensor array for the low-angle tracking environment that has the interference problem between the direct path and specular path. For the two-ray multipath signals with the angular difference less than a fraction of the beamwidth, previous algorithms such as 3-D beamspace domain maximum likelihood (3-D BDML) works well unless the phase difference between the two rays is 180deg or the magnitude of reflection coefficient is close to 1. Our proposed polarization diversity scheme based on the vector sensor array does not have such limitations on the phase difference or reflection coefficient. Furthermore, the proposed scheme shows better performance than frequency diversity methods even using a smaller number of snapshots.
{"title":"Vector sensor arrays in DOA estimation for the low angle tracking","authors":"Hyochul Kwak, Eunjung Yang, J. Chun","doi":"10.1109/WDDC.2007.4339406","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WDDC.2007.4339406","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we propose a new direction-of-arrival (DOA) scheme using a vector sensor array for the low-angle tracking environment that has the interference problem between the direct path and specular path. For the two-ray multipath signals with the angular difference less than a fraction of the beamwidth, previous algorithms such as 3-D beamspace domain maximum likelihood (3-D BDML) works well unless the phase difference between the two rays is 180deg or the magnitude of reflection coefficient is close to 1. Our proposed polarization diversity scheme based on the vector sensor array does not have such limitations on the phase difference or reflection coefficient. Furthermore, the proposed scheme shows better performance than frequency diversity methods even using a smaller number of snapshots.","PeriodicalId":142822,"journal":{"name":"2007 International Waveform Diversity and Design Conference","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128649272","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-06-04DOI: 10.1109/WDDC.2007.4339396
V. Ravenni, L. Cantini, M. Bertacca
This paper presents some results of studies on radar interference rejection using a Hough-Transform-based technique and image processing. If target detection is done by comparing the magnitude of each bin with a threshold produced by a CFAR algorithm, a number of radar systems operating at the same frequency band can cause reciprocal interference, thereby affecting detection and increasing false alarm probability. In this work we will refer to this interference as to "other sensor interference" (OSI). The goal of this work is the definition of methods to detect and remove the interference patterns from radar raw video images. We show that the substitution of interferences with samples estimated from cells (cross range samples) in close proximity of the OSI-affected samples allows CFAR algorithms performance to be improved.
{"title":"An approach for interference detection and rejection from other sensors by using Hough Transform and image processing","authors":"V. Ravenni, L. Cantini, M. Bertacca","doi":"10.1109/WDDC.2007.4339396","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WDDC.2007.4339396","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents some results of studies on radar interference rejection using a Hough-Transform-based technique and image processing. If target detection is done by comparing the magnitude of each bin with a threshold produced by a CFAR algorithm, a number of radar systems operating at the same frequency band can cause reciprocal interference, thereby affecting detection and increasing false alarm probability. In this work we will refer to this interference as to \"other sensor interference\" (OSI). The goal of this work is the definition of methods to detect and remove the interference patterns from radar raw video images. We show that the substitution of interferences with samples estimated from cells (cross range samples) in close proximity of the OSI-affected samples allows CFAR algorithms performance to be improved.","PeriodicalId":142822,"journal":{"name":"2007 International Waveform Diversity and Design Conference","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127186494","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-06-04DOI: 10.1109/WDDC.2007.4339388
J. Garnham, J. R. Román
This paper will provide a general overview of the new research area called waveform diversity (WD), and its potential impact to the EMC community. The scope of research that is considered WD is broad in both technical content and application. The two main application areas are radar and communications across the RF spectrum. WD is beginning to transition from theory to operational systems, and the effect on RF design and EMC analysis may be significant. This paper will describe WD, what has motivated people to research it, and potential effects to the EMC community.
{"title":"How will waveform diversity affect electromagnetic compatibility?","authors":"J. Garnham, J. R. Román","doi":"10.1109/WDDC.2007.4339388","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WDDC.2007.4339388","url":null,"abstract":"This paper will provide a general overview of the new research area called waveform diversity (WD), and its potential impact to the EMC community. The scope of research that is considered WD is broad in both technical content and application. The two main application areas are radar and communications across the RF spectrum. WD is beginning to transition from theory to operational systems, and the effect on RF design and EMC analysis may be significant. This paper will describe WD, what has motivated people to research it, and potential effects to the EMC community.","PeriodicalId":142822,"journal":{"name":"2007 International Waveform Diversity and Design Conference","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130170485","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-06-04DOI: 10.1109/WDDC.2007.4339378
M. Lakshmanan, H. Nikookar
Ultra wideband (UWB) wireless systems are highly susceptible to interference from other services. In this article we propose a novel wavelet packet based approach to address the issue of interference mitigation from wideband co-existing services such as the WLAN standard IEEE 802.11a on UWB communication. By representing the UWB transmission waveform as wavelet packet coefficients and by selectively removing those coefficients whose spectral footprint lie in or close to the interference zones, the effect of interference on the UWB system is mitigated. Special emphasis is given to the design of maximally frequency selective filter banks derived from a modified Remez exchange algorithm. The proposed interference mitigation is shown to be effective with a much improved bit error rate (BER) performance.
{"title":"Mitigation of interference from wideband IEEE 802.11a source on UWB wireless communication using frequency selective wavelet packets","authors":"M. Lakshmanan, H. Nikookar","doi":"10.1109/WDDC.2007.4339378","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WDDC.2007.4339378","url":null,"abstract":"Ultra wideband (UWB) wireless systems are highly susceptible to interference from other services. In this article we propose a novel wavelet packet based approach to address the issue of interference mitigation from wideband co-existing services such as the WLAN standard IEEE 802.11a on UWB communication. By representing the UWB transmission waveform as wavelet packet coefficients and by selectively removing those coefficients whose spectral footprint lie in or close to the interference zones, the effect of interference on the UWB system is mitigated. Special emphasis is given to the design of maximally frequency selective filter banks derived from a modified Remez exchange algorithm. The proposed interference mitigation is shown to be effective with a much improved bit error rate (BER) performance.","PeriodicalId":142822,"journal":{"name":"2007 International Waveform Diversity and Design Conference","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131045505","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-06-04DOI: 10.1109/WDDC.2007.4339442
A. Ashtari, G. Thomas, H. Garces, B. Flores
The use of chaotic signals in radar imaging applications present particular advantages as they behave like pseudo noise, have a wide band, and are easy to generate. A chaotic frequency modulated (FM) sine wave is an example of a chaotic signal that can yield higher transmitted mean power when peak-power limited transmitters are used. Unlike the random FM signal, the behavior of chaotic FM signals is not fully understood. In this paper, two approaches for analyzing the spectrum of chaotic FM signals are discussed. The first approach approximates the chaotic signal with noise and the second one, deals with the condition for the chaotic signal to remain chaotic after frequency modulation and consequently have a wide band spectrum.
{"title":"Radar signal design using chaotic signals","authors":"A. Ashtari, G. Thomas, H. Garces, B. Flores","doi":"10.1109/WDDC.2007.4339442","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WDDC.2007.4339442","url":null,"abstract":"The use of chaotic signals in radar imaging applications present particular advantages as they behave like pseudo noise, have a wide band, and are easy to generate. A chaotic frequency modulated (FM) sine wave is an example of a chaotic signal that can yield higher transmitted mean power when peak-power limited transmitters are used. Unlike the random FM signal, the behavior of chaotic FM signals is not fully understood. In this paper, two approaches for analyzing the spectrum of chaotic FM signals are discussed. The first approach approximates the chaotic signal with noise and the second one, deals with the condition for the chaotic signal to remain chaotic after frequency modulation and consequently have a wide band spectrum.","PeriodicalId":142822,"journal":{"name":"2007 International Waveform Diversity and Design Conference","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133006311","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-06-04DOI: 10.1109/WDDC.2007.4339438
G. Cain, M. A. Mughal, A. Yardim
Dynamic jamming/evasion duels are described purely in terms of re-design iterations for three separate agile FIR digital filters. At the signal generation end of the contest an optimal pulse-shaping filter works in concert with an optimal detection filter. At the jamming end, two strategies are evaluated for the re-design of the noise coloration filter. One of these utilizes an optimal square-rooting filter which (ideally) neutralizes the selectivity of the detection filter, while the other gives slightly less impressive jamming effectiveness but shows an exploitation advantage if it is known that the receiver recklessly uses a simple flip-template filter for detection.
{"title":"Optimal signal and jamming dynamics embracing digital filter strictures","authors":"G. Cain, M. A. Mughal, A. Yardim","doi":"10.1109/WDDC.2007.4339438","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WDDC.2007.4339438","url":null,"abstract":"Dynamic jamming/evasion duels are described purely in terms of re-design iterations for three separate agile FIR digital filters. At the signal generation end of the contest an optimal pulse-shaping filter works in concert with an optimal detection filter. At the jamming end, two strategies are evaluated for the re-design of the noise coloration filter. One of these utilizes an optimal square-rooting filter which (ideally) neutralizes the selectivity of the detection filter, while the other gives slightly less impressive jamming effectiveness but shows an exploitation advantage if it is known that the receiver recklessly uses a simple flip-template filter for detection.","PeriodicalId":142822,"journal":{"name":"2007 International Waveform Diversity and Design Conference","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125470960","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-06-04DOI: 10.1109/WDDC.2007.4339410
M. Hefnawi
This paper aims to investigate the effect of nonlinear satellite channels as well as multipath fading and CCI on the performance of a MIMO-beamforming system. Simulation results confirm the decrease in system performance when both nonlinearity and mutipath fading are taken into account.
{"title":"Impact of satellite channel on MIMO-Adaptive beamforming systems","authors":"M. Hefnawi","doi":"10.1109/WDDC.2007.4339410","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WDDC.2007.4339410","url":null,"abstract":"This paper aims to investigate the effect of nonlinear satellite channels as well as multipath fading and CCI on the performance of a MIMO-beamforming system. Simulation results confirm the decrease in system performance when both nonlinearity and mutipath fading are taken into account.","PeriodicalId":142822,"journal":{"name":"2007 International Waveform Diversity and Design Conference","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126654761","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-06-04DOI: 10.1109/WDDC.2007.4339416
P. Setlur, M. Amin, F. Ahmad, H. Estephan
In this paper, statistical bounds on carrier diverse range estimation are provided. Single frequency (Doppler) radars cannot be used in range estimation due to their range ambiguities. An additional frequency can be used to increase the maximum unambiguous range to accepted values for indoor range estimation of moving targets. The target is assumed to have a linear translation motion profile. The dual frequency radar can also be used to estimate the actual target velocity, by conducting two different Doppler data measurements, separated by a time period, over which the target continues to exhibit the identical linear translation motion. The parametric model is developed, and the identifiability of the parameters is validated by the non-singularity of the Fisher information matrix. We provide Cramer-Rao bounds for the parameters and show their dependency on the observation period assuming partial knowledge of motion and noise parameters.
{"title":"A frequency diverse Doppler radar for range-to-motion estimation in urban sensing applications","authors":"P. Setlur, M. Amin, F. Ahmad, H. Estephan","doi":"10.1109/WDDC.2007.4339416","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WDDC.2007.4339416","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, statistical bounds on carrier diverse range estimation are provided. Single frequency (Doppler) radars cannot be used in range estimation due to their range ambiguities. An additional frequency can be used to increase the maximum unambiguous range to accepted values for indoor range estimation of moving targets. The target is assumed to have a linear translation motion profile. The dual frequency radar can also be used to estimate the actual target velocity, by conducting two different Doppler data measurements, separated by a time period, over which the target continues to exhibit the identical linear translation motion. The parametric model is developed, and the identifiability of the parameters is validated by the non-singularity of the Fisher information matrix. We provide Cramer-Rao bounds for the parameters and show their dependency on the observation period assuming partial knowledge of motion and noise parameters.","PeriodicalId":142822,"journal":{"name":"2007 International Waveform Diversity and Design Conference","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126503464","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-06-04DOI: 10.1109/WDDC.2007.4339400
W. Machowski, G. S. Koutsogiannis, P. Ratliff
A new, so-called chaotic pulse-sequence radar (CPSR) has been developed and implemented for short-range vehicular radar, designed to warn the driver of close-by overtaking vehicles (so-called 'blind-spot' warning). It employs a novel design of randomized signal generation and processing which overcomes problems of long-range returns from large reflecting structures and high-levels of interference from both similar and dissimilar radars in the same frequency channel/band. The new technique involves generation of long, non-deterministic pulse trains, composed of a large number of successive, relatively-short pulse-sequences having specially designed correlation properties, separated by random gaps. The statistically-defined unpredictability of such composite pulse trains required in a multi-user scenario is derived from a very large number of pulse-sequences processed in the radar receiver to obtain near-vehicle range estimates. Field tests of a prototype radar confirm good and reliable performance of the technique, including its interference rejection capabilities.
{"title":"Novel pulse-sequences design enables multi-user collision-avoidance vehicular radar","authors":"W. Machowski, G. S. Koutsogiannis, P. Ratliff","doi":"10.1109/WDDC.2007.4339400","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WDDC.2007.4339400","url":null,"abstract":"A new, so-called chaotic pulse-sequence radar (CPSR) has been developed and implemented for short-range vehicular radar, designed to warn the driver of close-by overtaking vehicles (so-called 'blind-spot' warning). It employs a novel design of randomized signal generation and processing which overcomes problems of long-range returns from large reflecting structures and high-levels of interference from both similar and dissimilar radars in the same frequency channel/band. The new technique involves generation of long, non-deterministic pulse trains, composed of a large number of successive, relatively-short pulse-sequences having specially designed correlation properties, separated by random gaps. The statistically-defined unpredictability of such composite pulse trains required in a multi-user scenario is derived from a very large number of pulse-sequences processed in the radar receiver to obtain near-vehicle range estimates. Field tests of a prototype radar confirm good and reliable performance of the technique, including its interference rejection capabilities.","PeriodicalId":142822,"journal":{"name":"2007 International Waveform Diversity and Design Conference","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116208629","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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