Pub Date : 2007-06-04DOI: 10.1109/WDDC.2007.4339417
M. Wicks, W. Moore
One can easily envision future military operations and emerging civilian requirements (e.g. intelligent unmanned vehicles for urban warfare, intelligent manufacturing plants) that will be both complex and stressing and will demand innovative sensors and sensor configurations. The goal of our research into distributed and layered sensing is to develop a cost effective and extendable approach for providing surveillance for a variety of applications in dynamically changing military and civilian environments. Within distributed and layered sensing, we foresee a new sensor archetype. In this paradigm, sensors and algorithms will be autonomously altered depending on the environment. Radars will use the same returns to perform detection and discrimination, to adjust the platform flight path and change mission priorities. The sensors will dynamically and automatically change waveform parameters to accomplish these goals. Disparate sensors will communicate and share data and instructions in real-time. Intelligent sensor systems will operate within and between sensor platforms such that the integration of multiple sensor data provides information needed to achieve dynamic goals and avoid electromagnetic fratricide. Intelligent sensor platforms working in partnership will increase information flow, minimize ambiguities, and dynamically change multiple sensors' operations based upon a changing environment. Concomitant with the current emphasis on more flexible defense structures, distributed and layered sensing will allow the appropriate incremental application of remote sensing assets by matching resources to the situation at hand. In this paper, we discuss the electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) issues that must be addressed and understood as part of the development of a futuristic intelligence, surveillance and reconnaissance concept utilizing distributed and layered sensing waveform diverse systems. These systems involve the innovative integration of cutting edge technologies such as: knowledge-based signal processing, robotics, wireless networking waveform diversity, the semantic web, advanced computer architectures and supporting software languages. This concept is projected as an autonomous constellation of air, space, and ground vehicles that would offer a robust paradigm to build toward future deployments. The goal is to develop waveform-time-space adaptive processing for distributed apertures that could reduce EMC issues.
{"title":"Distributed and Layered Sensing","authors":"M. Wicks, W. Moore","doi":"10.1109/WDDC.2007.4339417","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WDDC.2007.4339417","url":null,"abstract":"One can easily envision future military operations and emerging civilian requirements (e.g. intelligent unmanned vehicles for urban warfare, intelligent manufacturing plants) that will be both complex and stressing and will demand innovative sensors and sensor configurations. The goal of our research into distributed and layered sensing is to develop a cost effective and extendable approach for providing surveillance for a variety of applications in dynamically changing military and civilian environments. Within distributed and layered sensing, we foresee a new sensor archetype. In this paradigm, sensors and algorithms will be autonomously altered depending on the environment. Radars will use the same returns to perform detection and discrimination, to adjust the platform flight path and change mission priorities. The sensors will dynamically and automatically change waveform parameters to accomplish these goals. Disparate sensors will communicate and share data and instructions in real-time. Intelligent sensor systems will operate within and between sensor platforms such that the integration of multiple sensor data provides information needed to achieve dynamic goals and avoid electromagnetic fratricide. Intelligent sensor platforms working in partnership will increase information flow, minimize ambiguities, and dynamically change multiple sensors' operations based upon a changing environment. Concomitant with the current emphasis on more flexible defense structures, distributed and layered sensing will allow the appropriate incremental application of remote sensing assets by matching resources to the situation at hand. In this paper, we discuss the electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) issues that must be addressed and understood as part of the development of a futuristic intelligence, surveillance and reconnaissance concept utilizing distributed and layered sensing waveform diverse systems. These systems involve the innovative integration of cutting edge technologies such as: knowledge-based signal processing, robotics, wireless networking waveform diversity, the semantic web, advanced computer architectures and supporting software languages. This concept is projected as an autonomous constellation of air, space, and ground vehicles that would offer a robust paradigm to build toward future deployments. The goal is to develop waveform-time-space adaptive processing for distributed apertures that could reduce EMC issues.","PeriodicalId":142822,"journal":{"name":"2007 International Waveform Diversity and Design Conference","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122423755","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-06-04DOI: 10.1109/WDDC.2007.4339375
A. Fonte, D. Zito, B. Neri, F. Alimenti
A detailed system analysis of a novel low-cost system-on-a-chip (SoaC) passive microwave radiometer on silicon for civil and environmental safeguard applications is presented. Particularly, this paper focuses the opportunities offered by the latest advances silicon technology for realizing innovative integrated radiometer for temperature remote sensing and its application to the forest fire prevention. An accurate feasibility study of a SoaC radiometer on a standard CMOS process for the 13 GHz frequency range is reported. The potential of such a low-cost solution has been confirmed by the system analysis carried out by means of Ptolemy simulations.
{"title":"Feasibility study and design of a low-cost system-on-a-chip microwave radiometer on silicon","authors":"A. Fonte, D. Zito, B. Neri, F. Alimenti","doi":"10.1109/WDDC.2007.4339375","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WDDC.2007.4339375","url":null,"abstract":"A detailed system analysis of a novel low-cost system-on-a-chip (SoaC) passive microwave radiometer on silicon for civil and environmental safeguard applications is presented. Particularly, this paper focuses the opportunities offered by the latest advances silicon technology for realizing innovative integrated radiometer for temperature remote sensing and its application to the forest fire prevention. An accurate feasibility study of a SoaC radiometer on a standard CMOS process for the 13 GHz frequency range is reported. The potential of such a low-cost solution has been confirmed by the system analysis carried out by means of Ptolemy simulations.","PeriodicalId":142822,"journal":{"name":"2007 International Waveform Diversity and Design Conference","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134279442","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-06-04DOI: 10.1109/WDDC.2007.4339434
G. Fabrizio, D. Holdsworth, A. Farina
An alternative multi-static HF radar architecture, known as the Forward-Based Receiver Augmentation (FBRA) system, has been developed and tested by the Defence Science and Technology Organization [1]. The experimental system has performed beyond expectations in a number of trials involving targets of interest. This is not only due to the impressive hardware capabilities, but also the advanced signal processing for clutter and interference mitigation, particularly STAP which was shown to be indispensable for the successful operation of the system. This paper describes the real-time STAP algorithm in the FBRA system, and demonstrates its experimental detection performance on a cooperative aircraft target with flight path "ground truth" data available from on-board GPS logging equipment.
{"title":"Experimental HF radar trial of real-time STAP","authors":"G. Fabrizio, D. Holdsworth, A. Farina","doi":"10.1109/WDDC.2007.4339434","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WDDC.2007.4339434","url":null,"abstract":"An alternative multi-static HF radar architecture, known as the Forward-Based Receiver Augmentation (FBRA) system, has been developed and tested by the Defence Science and Technology Organization [1]. The experimental system has performed beyond expectations in a number of trials involving targets of interest. This is not only due to the impressive hardware capabilities, but also the advanced signal processing for clutter and interference mitigation, particularly STAP which was shown to be indispensable for the successful operation of the system. This paper describes the real-time STAP algorithm in the FBRA system, and demonstrates its experimental detection performance on a cooperative aircraft target with flight path \"ground truth\" data available from on-board GPS logging equipment.","PeriodicalId":142822,"journal":{"name":"2007 International Waveform Diversity and Design Conference","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134065988","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-06-04DOI: 10.1109/WDDC.2007.4339439
M. Rangaswamy, S. Kay, Cuichun Xu, F. Lin
Adaptive waveform design for radar clutter cancellation requires knowledge of the rank of the clutter subspace. In this paper, we compare the computed clutter subspace rank, r, using three methods: (i) the exponentially embedded family (EEF) estimator, (ii) Rissanen's minimum description length (MDL) estimator, and (iii) the statistical ranking and selection method (CWA).
{"title":"Model order estimation for adaptive radar clutter cancellation","authors":"M. Rangaswamy, S. Kay, Cuichun Xu, F. Lin","doi":"10.1109/WDDC.2007.4339439","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WDDC.2007.4339439","url":null,"abstract":"Adaptive waveform design for radar clutter cancellation requires knowledge of the rank of the clutter subspace. In this paper, we compare the computed clutter subspace rank, r, using three methods: (i) the exponentially embedded family (EEF) estimator, (ii) Rissanen's minimum description length (MDL) estimator, and (iii) the statistical ranking and selection method (CWA).","PeriodicalId":142822,"journal":{"name":"2007 International Waveform Diversity and Design Conference","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114488486","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-06-04DOI: 10.1109/WDDC.2007.4339449
N. Subotic, K. Cooper, P. Zulch
In this paper we describe a methodology of jointly designing waveforms for a semi-cooperative, distributed radar system. Some radars have waveforms which are fixed and cannot adapt. The remainder of the group must optimize their emanations conditioned on the existence of the non-cooperative radars. We term this 'conditional joint optimization.' A special case is termed constrained joint optimization examines the problem when the RADAR configuration is completely cooperative. Only classic constraints such as phase-only, finite energy, etc. are considered. The overall metric that is used in the optimization is signal to interference plus noise ratio (SINR). We will show the results of a number of empirical experiments based on canonical spectra and knowledge aided sensor signal processing for expert reasoning (KASSPER) simulated data that show that a joint conditional design will outperform a non-cooperative, individually optimized RADAR network.
{"title":"Conditional and constrained joint optimization of RADAR waveforms","authors":"N. Subotic, K. Cooper, P. Zulch","doi":"10.1109/WDDC.2007.4339449","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WDDC.2007.4339449","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper we describe a methodology of jointly designing waveforms for a semi-cooperative, distributed radar system. Some radars have waveforms which are fixed and cannot adapt. The remainder of the group must optimize their emanations conditioned on the existence of the non-cooperative radars. We term this 'conditional joint optimization.' A special case is termed constrained joint optimization examines the problem when the RADAR configuration is completely cooperative. Only classic constraints such as phase-only, finite energy, etc. are considered. The overall metric that is used in the optimization is signal to interference plus noise ratio (SINR). We will show the results of a number of empirical experiments based on canonical spectra and knowledge aided sensor signal processing for expert reasoning (KASSPER) simulated data that show that a joint conditional design will outperform a non-cooperative, individually optimized RADAR network.","PeriodicalId":142822,"journal":{"name":"2007 International Waveform Diversity and Design Conference","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116253778","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-06-04DOI: 10.1109/WDDC.2007.4339443
L. Lo Monte, B. Elnour, D. Erricolo, A. Nehorai
Polarization is one type of waveform diversity that may be exploited to improve both radar and communication systems performance. Analytical results show that in order to obtain the best performance improvements, based upon the use of polarization diversity, knowledge of the full electric and magnetic field components is required. Vector sensor antennas are able to measure these components and thus they enable the exploitation of polarization diversity. This article describes a distributed approach to design a 6D vector antenna in a distributed fashion using both electric dipole and magnetic loops as constitutive elements.
{"title":"Design and realization of a distributed vector sensor for polarization diversity applications","authors":"L. Lo Monte, B. Elnour, D. Erricolo, A. Nehorai","doi":"10.1109/WDDC.2007.4339443","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WDDC.2007.4339443","url":null,"abstract":"Polarization is one type of waveform diversity that may be exploited to improve both radar and communication systems performance. Analytical results show that in order to obtain the best performance improvements, based upon the use of polarization diversity, knowledge of the full electric and magnetic field components is required. Vector sensor antennas are able to measure these components and thus they enable the exploitation of polarization diversity. This article describes a distributed approach to design a 6D vector antenna in a distributed fashion using both electric dipole and magnetic loops as constitutive elements.","PeriodicalId":142822,"journal":{"name":"2007 International Waveform Diversity and Design Conference","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123932207","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-06-04DOI: 10.1109/WDDC.2007.4339423
T. W. Beard, M. Temple, J. O. Miller, R. Mills
A genetic algorithm (GA) is used to design Spectrally Modulated, Spectrally Encoded (SMSE) waveforms while characterizing the impact of parametric variation on coexistence. As recently proposed, the SMSE framework supports cognition-based, software defined radio (SDR) applications and is well-suited for coexistence analysis. For initial proof-of-concept, two SMSE waveform parameters (number of carriers and carrier bandwidth) are optimized in a coexistent scenario to characterize SMSE impact on Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum (DSSS) bit error performance. Given optimization via GA techniques have been successfully applied in many engineering fields, as well as operations research, they are viable candidates for robust SMSE waveform design. As demonstrated, the analytic SMSE framework is well-suited for parametric optimization via GA techniques.
{"title":"Using genetic algorithms for Spectrally Modulated Spectrally Encoded waveform design","authors":"T. W. Beard, M. Temple, J. O. Miller, R. Mills","doi":"10.1109/WDDC.2007.4339423","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WDDC.2007.4339423","url":null,"abstract":"A genetic algorithm (GA) is used to design Spectrally Modulated, Spectrally Encoded (SMSE) waveforms while characterizing the impact of parametric variation on coexistence. As recently proposed, the SMSE framework supports cognition-based, software defined radio (SDR) applications and is well-suited for coexistence analysis. For initial proof-of-concept, two SMSE waveform parameters (number of carriers and carrier bandwidth) are optimized in a coexistent scenario to characterize SMSE impact on Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum (DSSS) bit error performance. Given optimization via GA techniques have been successfully applied in many engineering fields, as well as operations research, they are viable candidates for robust SMSE waveform design. As demonstrated, the analytic SMSE framework is well-suited for parametric optimization via GA techniques.","PeriodicalId":142822,"journal":{"name":"2007 International Waveform Diversity and Design Conference","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122851446","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-06-04DOI: 10.1109/WDDC.2007.4339427
G. Krieger, N. Gebert, Alberto Moreira
This paper introduces the innovative concept of multidimensional waveform encoding for spaceborne synthetic aperture radar (SAR). The combination of this technique with digital beamforming on receive enables a new generation of SAR systems with improved performance and flexible imaging capabilities. Examples are high-resolution wide-swath radar imaging with compact antennas, enhanced sensitivity for applications like along-track interferometry and moving object indication, or the implementation of hybrid SAR imaging modes which are well suited to satisfy hitherto incompatible user requirements. Implementation specific issues will be discussed and performance examples demonstrate the potential of the new technique for different remote sensing applications.
{"title":"Multidimensional waveform encoding for spaceborne synthetic aperture radar systems","authors":"G. Krieger, N. Gebert, Alberto Moreira","doi":"10.1109/WDDC.2007.4339427","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WDDC.2007.4339427","url":null,"abstract":"This paper introduces the innovative concept of multidimensional waveform encoding for spaceborne synthetic aperture radar (SAR). The combination of this technique with digital beamforming on receive enables a new generation of SAR systems with improved performance and flexible imaging capabilities. Examples are high-resolution wide-swath radar imaging with compact antennas, enhanced sensitivity for applications like along-track interferometry and moving object indication, or the implementation of hybrid SAR imaging modes which are well suited to satisfy hitherto incompatible user requirements. Implementation specific issues will be discussed and performance examples demonstrate the potential of the new technique for different remote sensing applications.","PeriodicalId":142822,"journal":{"name":"2007 International Waveform Diversity and Design Conference","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132563192","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-06-04DOI: 10.1109/WDDC.2007.4339391
C. Yarman, T. Varslot, B. Yazıcı, M. Cheney
In this work, we consider a distributed aperture radar system and present a method for clutter rejecting waveforms and reflectivity function reconstruction. This work generalizes the monostatic radar waveform design method for range-doppler imaging, developed in [1], [2] to distributed aperture radar systems. The designed waveforms also lead to a filtered backprojection type reconstruction of the reflectivity function which can be efficiently implemented in a parallel fashion.
{"title":"Waveform design for distributed aperture using Gram-Schmidt orthogonalization","authors":"C. Yarman, T. Varslot, B. Yazıcı, M. Cheney","doi":"10.1109/WDDC.2007.4339391","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WDDC.2007.4339391","url":null,"abstract":"In this work, we consider a distributed aperture radar system and present a method for clutter rejecting waveforms and reflectivity function reconstruction. This work generalizes the monostatic radar waveform design method for range-doppler imaging, developed in [1], [2] to distributed aperture radar systems. The designed waveforms also lead to a filtered backprojection type reconstruction of the reflectivity function which can be efficiently implemented in a parallel fashion.","PeriodicalId":142822,"journal":{"name":"2007 International Waveform Diversity and Design Conference","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128674573","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-06-04DOI: 10.1109/WDDC.2007.4339426
C. Sturm, S. Schulteis, W. Wiesbeck
In this paper an approach to the joint realization of digital beamforming radar and MIMO communications is presented. From a hardware point of view, both radar sensing and digital communications systems are based on similar radio frequency components. It will be shown that through a suitable signal design both applications can be simultaneously realized on one multiple antenna hardware platform.
{"title":"Waveform communalities between digital beamforming radar and MIMO","authors":"C. Sturm, S. Schulteis, W. Wiesbeck","doi":"10.1109/WDDC.2007.4339426","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WDDC.2007.4339426","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper an approach to the joint realization of digital beamforming radar and MIMO communications is presented. From a hardware point of view, both radar sensing and digital communications systems are based on similar radio frequency components. It will be shown that through a suitable signal design both applications can be simultaneously realized on one multiple antenna hardware platform.","PeriodicalId":142822,"journal":{"name":"2007 International Waveform Diversity and Design Conference","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129980881","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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