Pub Date : 2013-11-01DOI: 10.12983/IJSRK-2013-P502-513
M. Gudarzi, H. Zamanian
Investigating the effectiveness of LQG output-feedback active control for seismic alleviation of multi-structural buildings is the main purpose of this study. A general model of a shear-frame multi-structure as a lumped-mass planar system with movements in the path of the ground motion for the attached tree-building system is developed, first. Then an output- feedback controller based on the Kalman filter and optimal control theories is designed for the main structure, to guarantee the stability of the closed-loop system to achieve an arranged level of disturbance attenuation. Consequently, for investigating the effectiveness of the proposed method on the main and neighbor structures, some numerical simulations using historically recorded ground accelerations, are considered and the results will be discussed.
{"title":"Application of Active Vibration Control for Earthquake Protection of Multi- Structural Buildings","authors":"M. Gudarzi, H. Zamanian","doi":"10.12983/IJSRK-2013-P502-513","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12983/IJSRK-2013-P502-513","url":null,"abstract":"Investigating the effectiveness of LQG output-feedback active control for seismic alleviation of multi-structural buildings is the main purpose of this study. A general model of a shear-frame multi-structure as a lumped-mass planar system with movements in the path of the ground motion for the attached tree-building system is developed, first. Then an output- feedback controller based on the Kalman filter and optimal control theories is designed for the main structure, to guarantee the stability of the closed-loop system to achieve an arranged level of disturbance attenuation. Consequently, for investigating the effectiveness of the proposed method on the main and neighbor structures, some numerical simulations using historically recorded ground accelerations, are considered and the results will be discussed.","PeriodicalId":14310,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Scientific Research in Knowledge","volume":"1 1","pages":"502-513"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89686315","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-10-01DOI: 10.12983/IJSRK-2013-P373-387
O. A. Davies, O. A. Ugwumba
Okpoka Creek of the Upper Bonny Estuary in the Niger Delta is a sink under tidal effects. The study investigated the influence of low and high tides on the species composition, diversity, abundance and distribution of epiphyton. The epiphyton samples were collected monthly from May 2004–April 2006 at both tides from ten stations according to APHA methods. Epiphyton was identified microscopically. Species diversity was calculated using standard indices. Data analyses were done using analysis of variance, Duncan multiple range and descriptive statistics. Phosphate and ammonia exceeded FEPA and USEPA acceptable levels (0.10 mg/L and 0.10 mg/L respectively) for natural water bodies. Phosphate had significant tidal variations (P<0.05). A total of 129 species of epiphyton were identified. Diatoms (35.4%) dominated the epiphyton population. Diversity indices of epiphyton diatoms were 0.9±0.03 (Margalef) and 0.5±0.01 (Shannon). Pollution-indicator species recorded at either or both tides were Navicula placentula, N. recognita, N. pusilla, N. similis, N. gastrum, Nitzschia bilobata, N. apiculata, N. lanceolata, N. acuta, N. sigma, N. linearis, Synedra ulna, C. menephiniana, Cocconeis placentula (diatoms), Cladophora glomerata, Scenedesmus sp (green-algae), Euglena acus (euglenoid), Anabeana spiroides (blue-green algae) and Ceratium furca (dinoflagellate). The presence of dominant diatoms, indicator species and high levels ammonia and phosphate indicate organic pollution and stress at both tides. Tide contributes to the perturbed condition of this creek. The study therefore suggests frantic environmental surveillance on the Upper Bonny Estuary to reduce the inflow of pollutants from the Bonny Estuary into this Creek caused by tide.
尼日尔三角洲上邦尼河口的奥克波卡河是潮汐作用下的水槽。研究了低潮和涨潮对附生植物种类组成、多样性、丰度和分布的影响。2004年5月至2006年4月，在两个潮汐期间，按APHA方法每月采集10个站点的附生菌样本。显微镜下发现附生菌。采用标准指数计算物种多样性。数据分析采用方差分析、邓肯多元极差和描述性统计。天然水体的磷酸盐和氨超过了FEPA和USEPA的可接受水平(分别为0.10 mg/L和0.10 mg/L)。磷酸盐有显著的潮汐变化(P<0.05)。共鉴定附生植物129种。附生植物以硅藻为主(35.4%)。附生硅藻多样性指数分别为0.9±0.03 (Margalef)和0.5±0.01 (Shannon)。在任何一个或两个潮汐记录的污染指示物种为胎盘Navicula placentula, N. recognita, N. pusilla, N. similis, N. gastrum, Nitzschia bilobata, N. apicula, lanceolata, acututa, Synedra ulna, C. menephiniana, Cocconeis placentula(硅藻)，Cladophora glomerata, Scenedesmus sp(绿藻)，euglenoid(绿藻)，Anabeana spiroides(蓝绿藻)和Ceratium furca(鞭毛藻)。优势硅藻、指示物种的存在以及高水平的氨和磷酸盐表明两个潮汐的有机污染和胁迫。潮汐造成了这条小溪的波动。因此，该研究建议对邦尼河口上游进行疯狂的环境监测，以减少潮汐引起的污染物从邦尼河口流入这条河。
{"title":"Tidal Influence on Epiphyton Population of Okpoka Creek, Upper Bonny Estuary, Nigeria","authors":"O. A. Davies, O. A. Ugwumba","doi":"10.12983/IJSRK-2013-P373-387","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12983/IJSRK-2013-P373-387","url":null,"abstract":"Okpoka Creek of the Upper Bonny Estuary in the Niger Delta is a sink under tidal effects. The study investigated the influence of low and high tides on the species composition, diversity, abundance and distribution of epiphyton. The epiphyton samples were collected monthly from May 2004–April 2006 at both tides from ten stations according to APHA methods. Epiphyton was identified microscopically. Species diversity was calculated using standard indices. Data analyses were done using analysis of variance, Duncan multiple range and descriptive statistics. Phosphate and ammonia exceeded FEPA and USEPA acceptable levels (0.10 mg/L and 0.10 mg/L respectively) for natural water bodies. Phosphate had significant tidal variations (P<0.05). A total of 129 species of epiphyton were identified. Diatoms (35.4%) dominated the epiphyton population. Diversity indices of epiphyton diatoms were 0.9±0.03 (Margalef) and 0.5±0.01 (Shannon). Pollution-indicator species recorded at either or both tides were Navicula placentula, N. recognita, N. pusilla, N. similis, N. gastrum, Nitzschia bilobata, N. apiculata, N. lanceolata, N. acuta, N. sigma, N. linearis, Synedra ulna, C. menephiniana, Cocconeis placentula (diatoms), Cladophora glomerata, Scenedesmus sp (green-algae), Euglena acus (euglenoid), Anabeana spiroides (blue-green algae) and Ceratium furca (dinoflagellate). The presence of dominant diatoms, indicator species and high levels ammonia and phosphate indicate organic pollution and stress at both tides. Tide contributes to the perturbed condition of this creek. The study therefore suggests frantic environmental surveillance on the Upper Bonny Estuary to reduce the inflow of pollutants from the Bonny Estuary into this Creek caused by tide.","PeriodicalId":14310,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Scientific Research in Knowledge","volume":"72 1","pages":"373-387"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90901720","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-10-01DOI: 10.12983/IJSRK-2013-P413-421
A. S. Bhaskar, Venkata Ramesh Mamilla
Turning can be classified as both rough and finishing process. Any failure during this process will cause a huge loss in terms of raw materials cost. In machining operation, to avoid failures and related consequences, tools are often replaced well before the end of their useful life time. Only 50-80% of the expected tool life is typically used. This is especially the case of production systems where process robustness is critical. Unfortunately, such a strategy leads to increased tool costs. Even though the cost of the tools is often assumed to be only 2-4% of the manufacturing costs, there are studies suggesting that tool costs can be much higher. The main objective of this paper is to outline a procedure for estimating the optimal tool replacement time based on the tool performance calculated using reliability function. This paper includes the selection of a suitable tool life distribution, modeling of reliability functions of cutting tool based on the flank wear as the major failure criteria, Experimental study to validate the reliability function developed for cutting tool, Development of total time on test (TTT) transformation to give brief idea regarding the failure rate of cutting tool.
{"title":"A Reliability Based Approach for Predicting Optimal Tool Replacement Time","authors":"A. S. Bhaskar, Venkata Ramesh Mamilla","doi":"10.12983/IJSRK-2013-P413-421","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12983/IJSRK-2013-P413-421","url":null,"abstract":"Turning can be classified as both rough and finishing process. Any failure during this process will cause a huge loss in terms of raw materials cost. In machining operation, to avoid failures and related consequences, tools are often replaced well before the end of their useful life time. Only 50-80% of the expected tool life is typically used. This is especially the case of production systems where process robustness is critical. Unfortunately, such a strategy leads to increased tool costs. Even though the cost of the tools is often assumed to be only 2-4% of the manufacturing costs, there are studies suggesting that tool costs can be much higher. The main objective of this paper is to outline a procedure for estimating the optimal tool replacement time based on the tool performance calculated using reliability function. This paper includes the selection of a suitable tool life distribution, modeling of reliability functions of cutting tool based on the flank wear as the major failure criteria, Experimental study to validate the reliability function developed for cutting tool, Development of total time on test (TTT) transformation to give brief idea regarding the failure rate of cutting tool.","PeriodicalId":14310,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Scientific Research in Knowledge","volume":"26 1","pages":"413-421"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81623080","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-10-01DOI: 10.12983/IJSRK-2013-P427-438
A. Amenaghawon, F. Aisien, Osamudiamen Agho
Waste tyre rubber granules (WTRG) were used to adsorb toluene from aqueous solutions. Their sorption capacities were determined by testing the effect of variables such as contact time, initial concentration of toluene, amount of adsorbent, size of adsorbent particles, and temperature of solution. The adsorption of toluene by WTRG was relatively fast (equilibrium time of 30 min). Increasing the dosage of WTRG and the concentration of toluene in solution resulted in an increase in the adsorption capacity of WTRG. The adsorption capacity of WTRG decreased from 18.12 to 13.32 mg/g with increase in particle size from 0.212 to 2.36 mm while an increase in the temperature from 5 to 40 °C resulted in a decrease in the adsorption capacity from 17.57 to 16.26 mg/g. The adsorption of toluene was best described by the Lagergren pseudo-first order kinetic equation and Langmuir isotherm equation. This study has shown that WTRG can be used for the adsorption of toluene from aqueous solutions.
{"title":"Adsorption of Toluene by Waste Tyre Rubber Granules: Effect of Operating Variables, Kinetic and Isotherm Studies","authors":"A. Amenaghawon, F. Aisien, Osamudiamen Agho","doi":"10.12983/IJSRK-2013-P427-438","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12983/IJSRK-2013-P427-438","url":null,"abstract":"Waste tyre rubber granules (WTRG) were used to adsorb toluene from aqueous solutions. Their sorption capacities were determined by testing the effect of variables such as contact time, initial concentration of toluene, amount of adsorbent, size of adsorbent particles, and temperature of solution. The adsorption of toluene by WTRG was relatively fast (equilibrium time of 30 min). Increasing the dosage of WTRG and the concentration of toluene in solution resulted in an increase in the adsorption capacity of WTRG. The adsorption capacity of WTRG decreased from 18.12 to 13.32 mg/g with increase in particle size from 0.212 to 2.36 mm while an increase in the temperature from 5 to 40 °C resulted in a decrease in the adsorption capacity from 17.57 to 16.26 mg/g. The adsorption of toluene was best described by the Lagergren pseudo-first order kinetic equation and Langmuir isotherm equation. This study has shown that WTRG can be used for the adsorption of toluene from aqueous solutions.","PeriodicalId":14310,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Scientific Research in Knowledge","volume":"2012 1","pages":"427-438"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87858064","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-10-01DOI: 10.12983/IJSRK-2013-P388-403
M. N. Ismail, H. A. Aziz, M. A. Ahmad, M. A. Kamaruddin
The adsorption of methylene blue (MB) dye onto screw pine (Pandanus tectorius) leave -based activated carbon (SPAC) was carried out in this work. The effects of initial MB concentration, contact time, initial pH and solution temperature on MB adsorption were investigated. MB adsorption uptake was found to increase with increase in initial concentration, contact time and solution temperature. The adsorption equilibrium data were best represented by the Freundlich model. Adsorption kinetic was found to follow the pseudo-second-order kinetic model. The mechanism of the adsorption process was determined from the intraparticle diffusion model. Boyd plot indicated that the MB adsorption on the SPAC was controlled by film diffusion. Thermodynamic parameters ∆G◦, ∆H◦, ∆S◦ and Ea were also determined.
{"title":"Removal of Methylene Blue Dye from Aqueous Solution Using Activated Carbon Prepared from Pandanus Tectorius Leaves","authors":"M. N. Ismail, H. A. Aziz, M. A. Ahmad, M. A. Kamaruddin","doi":"10.12983/IJSRK-2013-P388-403","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12983/IJSRK-2013-P388-403","url":null,"abstract":"The adsorption of methylene blue (MB) dye onto screw pine (Pandanus tectorius) leave -based activated carbon (SPAC) was carried out in this work. The effects of initial MB concentration, contact time, initial pH and solution temperature on MB adsorption were investigated. MB adsorption uptake was found to increase with increase in initial concentration, contact time and solution temperature. The adsorption equilibrium data were best represented by the Freundlich model. Adsorption kinetic was found to follow the pseudo-second-order kinetic model. The mechanism of the adsorption process was determined from the intraparticle diffusion model. Boyd plot indicated that the MB adsorption on the SPAC was controlled by film diffusion. Thermodynamic parameters ∆G◦, ∆H◦, ∆S◦ and Ea were also determined.","PeriodicalId":14310,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Scientific Research in Knowledge","volume":"3 1","pages":"388-403"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80904032","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-10-01DOI: 10.12983/IJSRK-2013-P439-447
S. K. Mandal, B. Bhattacharyya, S. Mukherjee, P. Chattopadhyay
Agricultural land preparation cost has increased to a new high label due to increase in fossil fuel prices. This directly increases the cost of food. Demand of food also increases due to high population rise and smaller land sizes (< 2-4 ha) due to fragmentation of land. So farmers are more interested to reduce the land preparation cost and increase the yield. Due to these facts, preparation of seedbeds for deep tillage in conventional tillage system, particularly in Indian farming, the situation is worsening day by day. This system of tillage escalates land preparation costs because it requires a series of operations using passive tillage tools to realize an acceptable till quality. It also ties down capital in the form of additional machinery and tillage tools; thus increasing significantly the cost of land preparation. Rotary tiller or rotavator is a tillage machine most suitable for seedbed preparation. In a Rotary tiller, Blades are the main critical parts which are engaged with soil to prepare the land. These blades interact with soil in a different way than normal plows which are subjected to impact and high friction that creates unbalancing and non uniform forces which result in blade wear. This actually decreases the service life of a blade. Therefore, it is necessary to design and develop a suitable blade so that self life is enhanced. This paper presents design and development of rotavator blade through the interrogation of computer aided design (CAD) method.
{"title":"Design & Development of Rotavator blade: Interrogation of CAD Method","authors":"S. K. Mandal, B. Bhattacharyya, S. Mukherjee, P. Chattopadhyay","doi":"10.12983/IJSRK-2013-P439-447","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12983/IJSRK-2013-P439-447","url":null,"abstract":"Agricultural land preparation cost has increased to a new high label due to increase in fossil fuel prices. This directly increases the cost of food. Demand of food also increases due to high population rise and smaller land sizes (< 2-4 ha) due to fragmentation of land. So farmers are more interested to reduce the land preparation cost and increase the yield. Due to these facts, preparation of seedbeds for deep tillage in conventional tillage system, particularly in Indian farming, the situation is worsening day by day. This system of tillage escalates land preparation costs because it requires a series of operations using passive tillage tools to realize an acceptable till quality. It also ties down capital in the form of additional machinery and tillage tools; thus increasing significantly the cost of land preparation. Rotary tiller or rotavator is a tillage machine most suitable for seedbed preparation. In a Rotary tiller, Blades are the main critical parts which are engaged with soil to prepare the land. These blades interact with soil in a different way than normal plows which are subjected to impact and high friction that creates unbalancing and non uniform forces which result in blade wear. This actually decreases the service life of a blade. Therefore, it is necessary to design and develop a suitable blade so that self life is enhanced. This paper presents design and development of rotavator blade through the interrogation of computer aided design (CAD) method.","PeriodicalId":14310,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Scientific Research in Knowledge","volume":"38 1","pages":"439-447"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77180957","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-10-01DOI: 10.12983/IJSRK-2013-P448-456
L. Solomon, C. Ogugbue, G. Okpokwasili
Bacteria associated with fresh and frozen shrimp were investigated to characterize the major bacterial pathogens of public health significance and to determine their antibiotic resistance profiles. Twenty (20) pieces of shrimp were analyzed using ICMSF recommended procedures. Fresh samples had an average total culturable heterotrophic bacterial (TCHB) count of 2.60 x 10 7 cfu/g and total coliform bacterial (TCB) count of 2.99 x 10 5 cfu/g while frozen samples had average count of 9.11x10 6 cfu/g for TCHB and1.66 x 10 6 cfu/g for TCB.The density of THCB and TCB in the fresh samples was significantly higher than that obtained for the frozen samples (p<0.05). A total of 290 bacteria were isolated, comprising 168 isolates from fresh samples and 122 isolates from frozen samples. The percentage of single isolate from fresh samples were: Proteus (6.5%), Escherichia (11.9%), Salmonella (8.3%), Staphylococcus (10.7%), Shigella (7.1%), Citrobacter (9.5%), Serratia (8.3%), Enterobacter (10.1%), Klebsiella (10.7%), Aeromonas (8.9%) and Vibrio (7.7%) while frozen samples had Pseudomonas (16.4%), Bacillus(4.9%), Streptococcus(15.6%), Alcaligenes (14.8%), Micrococcus (9.8%), Proteus (3.3%), Aeromonas (5.7%), Lactobacillus (11.5%), Moraxella (4.1%), Achromobacter (6.6%), and Flavobacterium (7.4%).Consumption of bacterial contaminated shrimps have been reported to be responsible for gastroenteritis, diarrhea, bacillary dysentery and typhoid fever in humans.Antibiogram of selected isolates indicated their multiple antibiotic resistances to all antibiotics. The highest resistance (100%) was recorded against streptomycin, cotrimoxazole, tetracycline, erythromycin, chloramphenicol, augmenting, gentamycin and amoxycilin. Ofloxacin (12.5%) recorded the least resistant followed by Ciprofloxacin (25%). Environmental sanitation and proper handling will reduce bacterial pathogens in shrimp and enhance its nutritional value.
{"title":"Antibiotic Resistance Profiles of Bacteria Associated with Fresh and Frozen Shrimp (Palaemonetes sp.) and Their Public Health Significance","authors":"L. Solomon, C. Ogugbue, G. Okpokwasili","doi":"10.12983/IJSRK-2013-P448-456","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12983/IJSRK-2013-P448-456","url":null,"abstract":"Bacteria associated with fresh and frozen shrimp were investigated to characterize the major bacterial pathogens of public health significance and to determine their antibiotic resistance profiles. Twenty (20) pieces of shrimp were analyzed using ICMSF recommended procedures. Fresh samples had an average total culturable heterotrophic bacterial (TCHB) count of 2.60 x 10 7 cfu/g and total coliform bacterial (TCB) count of 2.99 x 10 5 cfu/g while frozen samples had average count of 9.11x10 6 cfu/g for TCHB and1.66 x 10 6 cfu/g for TCB.The density of THCB and TCB in the fresh samples was significantly higher than that obtained for the frozen samples (p<0.05). A total of 290 bacteria were isolated, comprising 168 isolates from fresh samples and 122 isolates from frozen samples. The percentage of single isolate from fresh samples were: Proteus (6.5%), Escherichia (11.9%), Salmonella (8.3%), Staphylococcus (10.7%), Shigella (7.1%), Citrobacter (9.5%), Serratia (8.3%), Enterobacter (10.1%), Klebsiella (10.7%), Aeromonas (8.9%) and Vibrio (7.7%) while frozen samples had Pseudomonas (16.4%), Bacillus(4.9%), Streptococcus(15.6%), Alcaligenes (14.8%), Micrococcus (9.8%), Proteus (3.3%), Aeromonas (5.7%), Lactobacillus (11.5%), Moraxella (4.1%), Achromobacter (6.6%), and Flavobacterium (7.4%).Consumption of bacterial contaminated shrimps have been reported to be responsible for gastroenteritis, diarrhea, bacillary dysentery and typhoid fever in humans.Antibiogram of selected isolates indicated their multiple antibiotic resistances to all antibiotics. The highest resistance (100%) was recorded against streptomycin, cotrimoxazole, tetracycline, erythromycin, chloramphenicol, augmenting, gentamycin and amoxycilin. Ofloxacin (12.5%) recorded the least resistant followed by Ciprofloxacin (25%). Environmental sanitation and proper handling will reduce bacterial pathogens in shrimp and enhance its nutritional value.","PeriodicalId":14310,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Scientific Research in Knowledge","volume":"15 1","pages":"448-456"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82550646","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-10-01DOI: 10.12983/IJSRK-2013-P422-426
S. Sarsam
The mechanical and rheological behavior of asphalt cement depends to a great extent on structural elements and phenomena which are effective on a micro- and Nano-scale. In this work, efforts have been made to digest asphalt cement with two types of Nano materials, and study the possibilities of improving mechanical, rheological, and physical properties of this important group of composite construction materials. The investigated materials are Silica fumes and fly ash. A comprehensive testing program has been set to study the possibility of digesting penetration grades asphalt cement (40-50), obtained from Dorah refinery-Baghdad, with different percentages of such materials. The impact has been measured through monitoring the changes in penetration, softening point, ductility, and rheological characteristics.
{"title":"Effect of Nano Materials on Asphalt Cement Properties","authors":"S. Sarsam","doi":"10.12983/IJSRK-2013-P422-426","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12983/IJSRK-2013-P422-426","url":null,"abstract":"The mechanical and rheological behavior of asphalt cement depends to a great extent on structural elements and phenomena which are effective on a micro- and Nano-scale. In this work, efforts have been made to digest asphalt cement with two types of Nano materials, and study the possibilities of improving mechanical, rheological, and physical properties of this important group of composite construction materials. The investigated materials are Silica fumes and fly ash. A comprehensive testing program has been set to study the possibility of digesting penetration grades asphalt cement (40-50), obtained from Dorah refinery-Baghdad, with different percentages of such materials. The impact has been measured through monitoring the changes in penetration, softening point, ductility, and rheological characteristics.","PeriodicalId":14310,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Scientific Research in Knowledge","volume":"61 1","pages":"422-426"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83387270","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-10-01DOI: 10.12983/IJSRK-2013-P404-412
I. M. Hamouda, Mohammed M. Beyari, Dental Biomaterials
Effect of addition of Yttria partially stabilized Zirconia powder to dental porcelain was studied. The zirconium powder was incorporated in 3, 5 and 7-percent by weight to dental porcelain powder. The measured properties were flexural strength, modulus of elasticity, fracture toughness and hardness. Samples were prepared according to the manufacturers instructions. Zirconia powder was thoroughly mixed with the porcelain powder in the correct weight percent before use. Flexural strength, modulus of elasticity, and fracture toughness were measured using three-point bending test. The hardness was measured using a conventional microhardness tester. All data were collected and analyzed with one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and LSD test (p=0.05). The results indicated that the addition of 3 % and 5 % Yttria partially stabilized Zirconia to the conventional dental porcelain powder resulted in increased flexural strength and fracture toughness of the porcelain. On the contrary, 3 % and 5 % zirconia decreased both the modulus of elasticity and hardness. In addition, 7 % zirconium powder decreased the studied properties. X-ray examination showed that zirconia addition increased the radiopacity of the material. It was concluded that zirconia-modified dental porcelain was stronger and tougher than the conventional unmodified ceramic.
{"title":"Addition of Yattria Partially Stabilized Zirconia for Reinforcement of Dental Porcelain","authors":"I. M. Hamouda, Mohammed M. Beyari, Dental Biomaterials","doi":"10.12983/IJSRK-2013-P404-412","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12983/IJSRK-2013-P404-412","url":null,"abstract":"Effect of addition of Yttria partially stabilized Zirconia powder to dental porcelain was studied. The zirconium powder was incorporated in 3, 5 and 7-percent by weight to dental porcelain powder. The measured properties were flexural strength, modulus of elasticity, fracture toughness and hardness. Samples were prepared according to the manufacturers instructions. Zirconia powder was thoroughly mixed with the porcelain powder in the correct weight percent before use. Flexural strength, modulus of elasticity, and fracture toughness were measured using three-point bending test. The hardness was measured using a conventional microhardness tester. All data were collected and analyzed with one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and LSD test (p=0.05). The results indicated that the addition of 3 % and 5 % Yttria partially stabilized Zirconia to the conventional dental porcelain powder resulted in increased flexural strength and fracture toughness of the porcelain. On the contrary, 3 % and 5 % zirconia decreased both the modulus of elasticity and hardness. In addition, 7 % zirconium powder decreased the studied properties. X-ray examination showed that zirconia addition increased the radiopacity of the material. It was concluded that zirconia-modified dental porcelain was stronger and tougher than the conventional unmodified ceramic.","PeriodicalId":14310,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Scientific Research in Knowledge","volume":"7 1","pages":"404-412"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75884300","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-09-01DOI: 10.12983/IJSRK-2013-P358-362
Stephen Emmauel, Oguche A. Oguche
The physicochemical properties of rhizosphere of oil palm (Elaeis guinensis) were studied for a period of 28 days. Soil samples were collected weekly from five Faculties of Kogi State University, Anyigba namely Faculty of Agricultural Sciences (FAS), Faculty of Arts and Humanities (FAH), Faculty of Law (FL), Faculty of Natural Sciences (FNS) and Faculty of Social Sciences (FSS) and analysed for pH, moisture, organic carbon, organic matter content, nitrogen and available phosphorus. The pH ranged from 6.07±0.18 to 6.47±0.09. The moisture content, organic carbon, organic matter content and phosphorus were high. There were significant differences (p<0.05) in pH, organic carbon, organic matter content, nitrogen and phosphorus concentration of the soil samples. However, there was no significant difference in the moisture content of the soil sample analysed. The results indicate that the oil palm rhizosphere soil is fertile and may favour the growth of soil organisms.
{"title":"Studies of Physicochemical Properties of Rhizosphere of Elaeis guinensis in Ayingba","authors":"Stephen Emmauel, Oguche A. Oguche","doi":"10.12983/IJSRK-2013-P358-362","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12983/IJSRK-2013-P358-362","url":null,"abstract":"The physicochemical properties of rhizosphere of oil palm (Elaeis guinensis) were studied for a period of 28 days. Soil samples were collected weekly from five Faculties of Kogi State University, Anyigba namely Faculty of Agricultural Sciences (FAS), Faculty of Arts and Humanities (FAH), Faculty of Law (FL), Faculty of Natural Sciences (FNS) and Faculty of Social Sciences (FSS) and analysed for pH, moisture, organic carbon, organic matter content, nitrogen and available phosphorus. The pH ranged from 6.07±0.18 to 6.47±0.09. The moisture content, organic carbon, organic matter content and phosphorus were high. There were significant differences (p<0.05) in pH, organic carbon, organic matter content, nitrogen and phosphorus concentration of the soil samples. However, there was no significant difference in the moisture content of the soil sample analysed. The results indicate that the oil palm rhizosphere soil is fertile and may favour the growth of soil organisms.","PeriodicalId":14310,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Scientific Research in Knowledge","volume":"45 1","pages":"358-362"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73905226","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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