Pub Date : 2014-09-01DOI: 10.12983/IJSRK-2014-P0433-0443
S. D. Sarsam, Rabab Muter Flayeh, U. Alnakkash
Partograph is an inexpensive tool that serves as an "early warning system" and can assist in early decision making on transfer, augmentation, and termination of labor. This is a randomized prospective comparative study conducted at Al- Elwiya Maternity teaching Hospital in Baghdad-Iraq. The objective of this work is to compare two World Health Organization (WHO) Partographs, the composite Partograph including the latent phase with the simplified one without latent phase regarding maternal and fetal outcomes. Study sample consisted of 670 women with term, singleton, vertex presentation, in spontaneous labor. Either Partograph was used on laboring women. The following outcomes: labor crossing the alert and action line, augmentation of labor, rate of cesarean section, maternal complications, user friendliness and perinatal outcome were compared. Labor values crossed the alert and action line was significantly more often with composite Partograph (P< 0.001). Augmentation of labor have been significantly required more in cases of composite group (p- value <0.001). Vaginal deliveries were higher in cases monitored with the simplified group (p<0.005). Cesarean section was more in cases monitored with composite Partograph (p-value <0.001). Admission to the neonatal care unit was more in cases of composite Partograph group, weather the patients were nulliparous or multiparous, the difference was statically significant (p<0.005). Most users (91%) had trouble with composite Partograph, but no resident doctor reported difficulty with simplified Partograph. It was concluded that the World Health Organization simplified Partograph is easier to use and is a better option for both the laboring women and the user, when compared to the composite Partograph.
{"title":"Implication of the Two WHO Partographs, (Composite and Simplified) Regarding Maternal and Neonatal Outcome","authors":"S. D. Sarsam, Rabab Muter Flayeh, U. Alnakkash","doi":"10.12983/IJSRK-2014-P0433-0443","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12983/IJSRK-2014-P0433-0443","url":null,"abstract":"Partograph is an inexpensive tool that serves as an \"early warning system\" and can assist in early decision making on transfer, augmentation, and termination of labor. This is a randomized prospective comparative study conducted at Al- Elwiya Maternity teaching Hospital in Baghdad-Iraq. The objective of this work is to compare two World Health Organization (WHO) Partographs, the composite Partograph including the latent phase with the simplified one without latent phase regarding maternal and fetal outcomes. Study sample consisted of 670 women with term, singleton, vertex presentation, in spontaneous labor. Either Partograph was used on laboring women. The following outcomes: labor crossing the alert and action line, augmentation of labor, rate of cesarean section, maternal complications, user friendliness and perinatal outcome were compared. Labor values crossed the alert and action line was significantly more often with composite Partograph (P< 0.001). Augmentation of labor have been significantly required more in cases of composite group (p- value <0.001). Vaginal deliveries were higher in cases monitored with the simplified group (p<0.005). Cesarean section was more in cases monitored with composite Partograph (p-value <0.001). Admission to the neonatal care unit was more in cases of composite Partograph group, weather the patients were nulliparous or multiparous, the difference was statically significant (p<0.005). Most users (91%) had trouble with composite Partograph, but no resident doctor reported difficulty with simplified Partograph. It was concluded that the World Health Organization simplified Partograph is easier to use and is a better option for both the laboring women and the user, when compared to the composite Partograph.","PeriodicalId":14310,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Scientific Research in Knowledge","volume":"67 1","pages":"433-443"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84878155","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-09-01DOI: 10.12983/IJSRK-2014-P0425-0432
E. Asrari, M. Masoudi
The Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) is a widely used drought index to provide good estimations about the intensity, magnitude and spatial extent of droughts. The objective of this study was analyzing spatial pattern of drought by SPI index. In this paper, according to the data of 30 stations in Fars Province located in the southern Iran, during 1972-2006, the pattern of drought hazard are evaluated. Influenced zone of each station was specified by Thiessen method. It was attempted to make a new model of drought hazard using GIS. Three criteria for drought were studied and considered to define areas under vulnerability. Drought hazard criteria used in the present model include: maximum severity of drought in the period, trend of drought, and the maximum number of sequential arid years. Each of the vulnerability indicator map and also final hazard map are classified into 4 hazard classes of drought: slight, moderate, severe and very severe. The final drought vulnerability map was prepared by overlaying three criteria maps in the GIS and the final hazard classes were defined on the basis of hazard scores arrived at by using the geometric mean of the main indicators, deploying the new model. The final vulnerability map shows that moderate hazard areas (74% of the region) are much widespread than areas under severe hazard (26% of the region) which are observed in the northwest and eastern parts of the region.
{"title":"A New Methodology for Drought Vulnerability Assessment Using SPI (Standardized Precipitation Index)","authors":"E. Asrari, M. Masoudi","doi":"10.12983/IJSRK-2014-P0425-0432","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12983/IJSRK-2014-P0425-0432","url":null,"abstract":"The Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) is a widely used drought index to provide good estimations about the intensity, magnitude and spatial extent of droughts. The objective of this study was analyzing spatial pattern of drought by SPI index. In this paper, according to the data of 30 stations in Fars Province located in the southern Iran, during 1972-2006, the pattern of drought hazard are evaluated. Influenced zone of each station was specified by Thiessen method. It was attempted to make a new model of drought hazard using GIS. Three criteria for drought were studied and considered to define areas under vulnerability. Drought hazard criteria used in the present model include: maximum severity of drought in the period, trend of drought, and the maximum number of sequential arid years. Each of the vulnerability indicator map and also final hazard map are classified into 4 hazard classes of drought: slight, moderate, severe and very severe. The final drought vulnerability map was prepared by overlaying three criteria maps in the GIS and the final hazard classes were defined on the basis of hazard scores arrived at by using the geometric mean of the main indicators, deploying the new model. The final vulnerability map shows that moderate hazard areas (74% of the region) are much widespread than areas under severe hazard (26% of the region) which are observed in the northwest and eastern parts of the region.","PeriodicalId":14310,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Scientific Research in Knowledge","volume":"26 1","pages":"425-432"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77381996","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-09-01DOI: 10.12983/IJSRK-2014-P0444-0452
S. Sarsam, I. AL-Zubaidi
The effect of two types of recycling agents on aging after recycling properties of asphalt concrete , and the effect of accelerated aging (Short and Long -Term) on physical properties for aged and recycled asphalt concrete were investigated. The preparation of asphaltic mixtures involves the use of penetration grade (40-50) asphalt cement, mineral aggregate with 12.5 mm nominal maximum size, ordinary Portland cement as mineral filler. Specimens were prepared at optimum asphalt content and at asphalt contents of 0.5 percent above, and below optimum using Marshal Method. Mixtures have been subjected to indirect tensile test at 25oC, 40oC, and 60oC and double punch test. Aged specimens were prepared by subjecting the loose asphalt concrete mix to (short-term aging); the mixture was then compacted and subjected to long-term aging process. Recycled mixture was prepared from short and long-term aged asphalt concrete using two different recycling agents at (1.5%) by weight of mixture. The recycled asphalt concrete was subjected to accelerate short and long-term aging. It was found that using (soft asphalt cement blended with silica fume) as a recycling agent revealed better performance than the other type of recycling agent. Short and long-term aging after recycling shows that Indirect tensile strength at 25˚C, was less than that of recycled mix by 43%, while it increases by 16.5% and 78% when tested at 40 and 60 ˚C respectively; Punching shear strength was higher than that of recycled mixed by 34% at optimum asphalt content.
{"title":"Assessing Tensile and Shear Properties of Aged and Recycled Sustainable Pavement","authors":"S. Sarsam, I. AL-Zubaidi","doi":"10.12983/IJSRK-2014-P0444-0452","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12983/IJSRK-2014-P0444-0452","url":null,"abstract":"The effect of two types of recycling agents on aging after recycling properties of asphalt concrete , and the effect of accelerated aging (Short and Long -Term) on physical properties for aged and recycled asphalt concrete were investigated. The preparation of asphaltic mixtures involves the use of penetration grade (40-50) asphalt cement, mineral aggregate with 12.5 mm nominal maximum size, ordinary Portland cement as mineral filler. Specimens were prepared at optimum asphalt content and at asphalt contents of 0.5 percent above, and below optimum using Marshal Method. Mixtures have been subjected to indirect tensile test at 25oC, 40oC, and 60oC and double punch test. Aged specimens were prepared by subjecting the loose asphalt concrete mix to (short-term aging); the mixture was then compacted and subjected to long-term aging process. Recycled mixture was prepared from short and long-term aged asphalt concrete using two different recycling agents at (1.5%) by weight of mixture. The recycled asphalt concrete was subjected to accelerate short and long-term aging. It was found that using (soft asphalt cement blended with silica fume) as a recycling agent revealed better performance than the other type of recycling agent. Short and long-term aging after recycling shows that Indirect tensile strength at 25˚C, was less than that of recycled mix by 43%, while it increases by 16.5% and 78% when tested at 40 and 60 ˚C respectively; Punching shear strength was higher than that of recycled mixed by 34% at optimum asphalt content.","PeriodicalId":14310,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Scientific Research in Knowledge","volume":"55 1","pages":"444-452"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77492625","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-09-01DOI: 10.12983/IJSRK-2014-P0404-0415
S. Sarsam, S. M. Al-Sadik
Implementation of sustainable solutions in the road construction industry is considered as one of the major research topics worldwide. The impact of aging process on the properties of asphalt cement and asphalt concrete was investigated using both of short and long-term aging. Scrap tire rubber was introduced into asphalt cement to modify its physical and rheological properties. Two percentages of crumb rubber (8 and 16) percent by weight of asphalt cement have been tried to modify the properties of asphalt cement, and to investigate its contribution in the aging process. Such modified asphalt was implemented in the construction of asphalt concrete. Marshal, Resilient Modulus, and tensile properties of rubber-modified asphalt concrete were tested and compared with different aging periods and with that of reference mix. The results show that aging for 7 hours of asphalt cement, make the asphalt stiffer, that lead to decreased penetration by an average value of (47.24%), ductility (49.6%) and increased softening point (10.75%) and creep stiffness (79.25%). It was concluded that 8% of crumb rubber is able to overcome the negative impact of short and long term aging on overall asphalt cement and asphalt concrete properties, and improves the rutting resistance at 1000 repetition by (32.4 % and 57.3%) for short and long term aging respectively.
{"title":"Contribution of Crumb Rubber in the Aging Process of Asphalt Concrete","authors":"S. Sarsam, S. M. Al-Sadik","doi":"10.12983/IJSRK-2014-P0404-0415","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12983/IJSRK-2014-P0404-0415","url":null,"abstract":"Implementation of sustainable solutions in the road construction industry is considered as one of the major research topics worldwide. The impact of aging process on the properties of asphalt cement and asphalt concrete was investigated using both of short and long-term aging. Scrap tire rubber was introduced into asphalt cement to modify its physical and rheological properties. Two percentages of crumb rubber (8 and 16) percent by weight of asphalt cement have been tried to modify the properties of asphalt cement, and to investigate its contribution in the aging process. Such modified asphalt was implemented in the construction of asphalt concrete. Marshal, Resilient Modulus, and tensile properties of rubber-modified asphalt concrete were tested and compared with different aging periods and with that of reference mix. The results show that aging for 7 hours of asphalt cement, make the asphalt stiffer, that lead to decreased penetration by an average value of (47.24%), ductility (49.6%) and increased softening point (10.75%) and creep stiffness (79.25%). It was concluded that 8% of crumb rubber is able to overcome the negative impact of short and long term aging on overall asphalt cement and asphalt concrete properties, and improves the rutting resistance at 1000 repetition by (32.4 % and 57.3%) for short and long term aging respectively.","PeriodicalId":14310,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Scientific Research in Knowledge","volume":"31 1","pages":"404-415"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84984508","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-08-01DOI: 10.12983/IJSRK-2014-P0362-0369
Salem S. Abu Amr, H. A. Aziz, M. Bashir
Ozone has a high oxidation level and is typically used to improve the removal of organic and inorganic components. In this study, we investigated the performance of ozone in the removal of COD and color from mature landfill leachate with low concentration of COD and different volumes of samples (2, 5, and 10 L). The highest removal of COD (22%) and color (88.3%) was obtained in the lowest volume of ozonated sample. We studied ozone decomposition during 1 h of reaction time and found increases in ozone decay with increasing sample volume. Ozone consumption for COD removal was calculated, and the highest amount of consumed ozone (0.54 Kg/ Kg COD) corresponded to the highest removal of COD in the lowest sample volume. Biodegradability, as measured by lab scale aeration, increased from 23% to 42% after ozonation of dilute leachate. Findings indicate that the performance of ozone improves with decreasing sample volume, and that biodegradability of stabilized leachate is improved by ozonation.
臭氧具有高氧化水平，通常用于改善有机和无机成分的去除。本研究考察了臭氧在低COD浓度和不同体积(2、5、10 L)的成熟垃圾渗滤液中去除COD和颜色的性能。在臭氧化体积最小的样品中，COD去除率最高(22%)，颜色去除率最高(88.3%)。我们研究了在1 h的反应时间内臭氧的分解，发现臭氧的衰减随着样品体积的增加而增加。计算COD去除率臭氧耗量，臭氧耗量最高(0.54 Kg/ Kg COD)时，样品体积最小，COD去除率最高。生物可降解性，通过实验室规模曝气测量，从23%增加到42%后，臭氧化稀释渗滤液。结果表明，臭氧的性能随样品体积的减小而提高，臭氧化处理可提高稳定渗滤液的生物降解性。
{"title":"Performance of Ozone Reactor in Treating Stabilized Landfill Leachate: Efficiencies and Limitations","authors":"Salem S. Abu Amr, H. A. Aziz, M. Bashir","doi":"10.12983/IJSRK-2014-P0362-0369","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12983/IJSRK-2014-P0362-0369","url":null,"abstract":"Ozone has a high oxidation level and is typically used to improve the removal of organic and inorganic components. In this study, we investigated the performance of ozone in the removal of COD and color from mature landfill leachate with low concentration of COD and different volumes of samples (2, 5, and 10 L). The highest removal of COD (22%) and color (88.3%) was obtained in the lowest volume of ozonated sample. We studied ozone decomposition during 1 h of reaction time and found increases in ozone decay with increasing sample volume. Ozone consumption for COD removal was calculated, and the highest amount of consumed ozone (0.54 Kg/ Kg COD) corresponded to the highest removal of COD in the lowest sample volume. Biodegradability, as measured by lab scale aeration, increased from 23% to 42% after ozonation of dilute leachate. Findings indicate that the performance of ozone improves with decreasing sample volume, and that biodegradability of stabilized leachate is improved by ozonation.","PeriodicalId":14310,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Scientific Research in Knowledge","volume":"60 1","pages":"362-369"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84787209","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-08-01DOI: 10.12983/IJSRK-2014-P0370-0380
Alireza Nasseri, H. Sadeghi, Bahareh Hashemlou, M. Hajian
During last decades, Iran's economy has been stricken by Dutch Disease. In order to apply appropriate remedial policies for dealing with this phenomenon, it should be explained by scientific principles and its impacts on macroeconomic variables are evaluated. In this regard, it is necessary to determine the ranking of proposed remedial policies. The objective of present study is to detect and classify main fields affected by Dutch Disease and propose remedial policies based on the comments of economists and experts. To achieve this purpose, a fuzzy decision-making approach is designed in three ranking models. In addition, the short-run, medium-term, and long-run scheduling procedures are considered as the key decision- making criterion. Results signify that the dominance degree of "refinement of policies of National Development Fund" is 3.79 dedicating that it is the first priority among the six alternatives. The next priorities are "refinement of government budget policies", "improving the monetary policies", "refinement of policies of foreign trade sector", "refinement the relative price mechanism", and "refinement the policies of exchange rate" whose dominance degrees are respectively 3.508, 3.283, 1.735, 1.582 and 1.096. It is concluded that among remedial policies, "refinement of policies of National Development Fund" and "refinement of government budget policies" are found as the most preferable policies in the viewpoints of economists. Obviously, implement of these remedial policies can work for treatment of the disease. Moreover, the results of sensitivity analysis evince that all three models proposed in this research are constant and not affected by threshold values.
{"title":"Prioritization of Remedial Approaches for Dealing with Dutch Disease Consequences in Iran: an Application of Fuzzy-Modeling","authors":"Alireza Nasseri, H. Sadeghi, Bahareh Hashemlou, M. Hajian","doi":"10.12983/IJSRK-2014-P0370-0380","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12983/IJSRK-2014-P0370-0380","url":null,"abstract":"During last decades, Iran's economy has been stricken by Dutch Disease. In order to apply appropriate remedial policies for dealing with this phenomenon, it should be explained by scientific principles and its impacts on macroeconomic variables are evaluated. In this regard, it is necessary to determine the ranking of proposed remedial policies. The objective of present study is to detect and classify main fields affected by Dutch Disease and propose remedial policies based on the comments of economists and experts. To achieve this purpose, a fuzzy decision-making approach is designed in three ranking models. In addition, the short-run, medium-term, and long-run scheduling procedures are considered as the key decision- making criterion. Results signify that the dominance degree of \"refinement of policies of National Development Fund\" is 3.79 dedicating that it is the first priority among the six alternatives. The next priorities are \"refinement of government budget policies\", \"improving the monetary policies\", \"refinement of policies of foreign trade sector\", \"refinement the relative price mechanism\", and \"refinement the policies of exchange rate\" whose dominance degrees are respectively 3.508, 3.283, 1.735, 1.582 and 1.096. It is concluded that among remedial policies, \"refinement of policies of National Development Fund\" and \"refinement of government budget policies\" are found as the most preferable policies in the viewpoints of economists. Obviously, implement of these remedial policies can work for treatment of the disease. Moreover, the results of sensitivity analysis evince that all three models proposed in this research are constant and not affected by threshold values.","PeriodicalId":14310,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Scientific Research in Knowledge","volume":"2003 1","pages":"370-380"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86258149","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-08-01DOI: 10.12983/IJSRK-2014-P0381-0394
Mohammad Ebrahim Moazzen, S. Gholamian
Permanent Magnet (PM) generators are widely employed in directly coupled wind turbines. Therefore, optimal design of these generators is quite necessary to improve their overall performance. In this paper, single/multi-objective design optimization of six-phase permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG) for directly coupled wind turbines is carried out. The studied PM generator in this paper is the radial-flux surface mounted PM generator. The aim of optimal design is to reduce the cost of PMSG manufacturing and generator losses. For this purpose, the main equations of PM generator design are extracted. Therefore, the generator design steps are developed and then imperialist competitive algorithm is used to optimize the design variables of the generator. To find the best design for this generator, the cost and losses, separately, are optimized and are then optimized simultaneously. Finally, the optimum results are presented. Comparison between optimum results shows that simultaneous optimization of the cost and losses leads to suitable design for PM wind generator.
{"title":"Optimal Design of Six-phase Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator for directdrive Small-Scale Wind Turbines","authors":"Mohammad Ebrahim Moazzen, S. Gholamian","doi":"10.12983/IJSRK-2014-P0381-0394","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12983/IJSRK-2014-P0381-0394","url":null,"abstract":"Permanent Magnet (PM) generators are widely employed in directly coupled wind turbines. Therefore, optimal design of these generators is quite necessary to improve their overall performance. In this paper, single/multi-objective design optimization of six-phase permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG) for directly coupled wind turbines is carried out. The studied PM generator in this paper is the radial-flux surface mounted PM generator. The aim of optimal design is to reduce the cost of PMSG manufacturing and generator losses. For this purpose, the main equations of PM generator design are extracted. Therefore, the generator design steps are developed and then imperialist competitive algorithm is used to optimize the design variables of the generator. To find the best design for this generator, the cost and losses, separately, are optimized and are then optimized simultaneously. Finally, the optimum results are presented. Comparison between optimum results shows that simultaneous optimization of the cost and losses leads to suitable design for PM wind generator.","PeriodicalId":14310,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Scientific Research in Knowledge","volume":"60 1","pages":"381-394"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84530215","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-08-01DOI: 10.12983/IJSRK-2014-P0352-0361
S. Sarsam, I. Ali, Hasan AL-Janabi
The prime objectives for this study are evaluating the performance of recycled asphalt concrete, investigating the effect of recycling agent type and amount on mixture performance, and studying the effect of inclusion of more reclaimed materials content into recycled mixtures. For this purpose, reclaimed materials milled from field, filler, virgin asphalt cement, and four types of recycling agents (used oil, oil + crumb rubber, soft grade asphalt cement, and asphalt cement + sulfur powder), have been implemented and were used to prepare recycled mixtures with nominal maximum size of 12.5 mm. The recycling agent that showed the best mixture performance was used to prepare recycled mixtures with different reclaimed materials contents. Mixtures were subjected to Double Punch shear, Compressive Strength, and index of retained strength Test. It was found that using soft grade asphalt cement as a recycling agent revealed better performance than other types of recycling agents. For recycled mixtures with mixing ratio of (50/50) virgin/reclaimed materials, the optimum recycling agent contents were (0.56%, 1%, 1.3%, and 1.5%) by weight of mixture for (used oil, oil + crumb rubber, soft grade asphalt cement, and asphalt cement + Sulfur) recycling agent respectively. Recycled Mixtures with reclaimed materials content, up to 70 %, and soft asphalt recycling agent, showed good performance. The percentages of variation for mixtures properties compared to mixtures with 50 % reclaimed materials were +3.6 %, +4.8 % for double punch shear, and compressive strength respectively, and the reduction in mixtures properties as compared to virgin mixture was in acceptable extent.
{"title":"Assessing Shear and Compressive Strength of Reclaimed Asphalt Concrete","authors":"S. Sarsam, I. Ali, Hasan AL-Janabi","doi":"10.12983/IJSRK-2014-P0352-0361","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12983/IJSRK-2014-P0352-0361","url":null,"abstract":"The prime objectives for this study are evaluating the performance of recycled asphalt concrete, investigating the effect of recycling agent type and amount on mixture performance, and studying the effect of inclusion of more reclaimed materials content into recycled mixtures. For this purpose, reclaimed materials milled from field, filler, virgin asphalt cement, and four types of recycling agents (used oil, oil + crumb rubber, soft grade asphalt cement, and asphalt cement + sulfur powder), have been implemented and were used to prepare recycled mixtures with nominal maximum size of 12.5 mm. The recycling agent that showed the best mixture performance was used to prepare recycled mixtures with different reclaimed materials contents. Mixtures were subjected to Double Punch shear, Compressive Strength, and index of retained strength Test. It was found that using soft grade asphalt cement as a recycling agent revealed better performance than other types of recycling agents. For recycled mixtures with mixing ratio of (50/50) virgin/reclaimed materials, the optimum recycling agent contents were (0.56%, 1%, 1.3%, and 1.5%) by weight of mixture for (used oil, oil + crumb rubber, soft grade asphalt cement, and asphalt cement + Sulfur) recycling agent respectively. Recycled Mixtures with reclaimed materials content, up to 70 %, and soft asphalt recycling agent, showed good performance. The percentages of variation for mixtures properties compared to mixtures with 50 % reclaimed materials were +3.6 %, +4.8 % for double punch shear, and compressive strength respectively, and the reduction in mixtures properties as compared to virgin mixture was in acceptable extent.","PeriodicalId":14310,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Scientific Research in Knowledge","volume":"12 1","pages":"352-361"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87837608","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-08-01DOI: 10.12983/IJSRK-2014-P0395-0403
L. Yadegari, Kianoosh Hashemiyan, K. Abolmaali
Anxiety is among the most common psychological symptoms, which is also the cause of most cognitive-behavioral disorders. Social anxiety disorder is one of these disorders. In this type of disorder, individuals are unable to have effective social communication and their interpersonal communication is impaired. Given the high prevalence of social phobia in youth population and that this population is considered as an active population that is also the main factor for making the effort, growth, and development in any society, this study aimed to determine the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) in reducing the symptoms of social anxiety among the young people in Tehran. For this purpose, 16 individuals out of 18-28 year-old young adults, who referred to some of the selected clinics in Tehran, were selected using the convenience sampling method. Then they were randomly divided into experimental and control groups (8 individuals in each group). In this semi-experimental study with a pretest-posttest control group design, the 12-session ACT protocol was used for the subjects in the experimental group, while the subjects in the control group did not receive any intervention. The Social Phobia and Anxiety Inventory (SPAI) were used to measure the symptoms of social anxiety. After the data were collected, ANCOVA test was used for data analysis. The results indicate the effectiveness of ACT in reducing the symptoms of social anxiety among young people. Therefore, ACT can have a significant effect on social anxiety by increasing psychological flexibility.
{"title":"Effect of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy on Young People with Social Anxiety","authors":"L. Yadegari, Kianoosh Hashemiyan, K. Abolmaali","doi":"10.12983/IJSRK-2014-P0395-0403","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12983/IJSRK-2014-P0395-0403","url":null,"abstract":"Anxiety is among the most common psychological symptoms, which is also the cause of most cognitive-behavioral disorders. Social anxiety disorder is one of these disorders. In this type of disorder, individuals are unable to have effective social communication and their interpersonal communication is impaired. Given the high prevalence of social phobia in youth population and that this population is considered as an active population that is also the main factor for making the effort, growth, and development in any society, this study aimed to determine the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) in reducing the symptoms of social anxiety among the young people in Tehran. For this purpose, 16 individuals out of 18-28 year-old young adults, who referred to some of the selected clinics in Tehran, were selected using the convenience sampling method. Then they were randomly divided into experimental and control groups (8 individuals in each group). In this semi-experimental study with a pretest-posttest control group design, the 12-session ACT protocol was used for the subjects in the experimental group, while the subjects in the control group did not receive any intervention. The Social Phobia and Anxiety Inventory (SPAI) were used to measure the symptoms of social anxiety. After the data were collected, ANCOVA test was used for data analysis. The results indicate the effectiveness of ACT in reducing the symptoms of social anxiety among young people. Therefore, ACT can have a significant effect on social anxiety by increasing psychological flexibility.","PeriodicalId":14310,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Scientific Research in Knowledge","volume":"59 1","pages":"395-403"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90406604","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-07-01DOI: 10.12983/IJSRK-2014-P0320-0327
E. Etuk, T. Mohamed
The time series being rainfall data is a typical seasonal series of one-year period. The time-plot of the realization herein called GASR and its correlogram are as expected, reflecting seasonality of period 12. For instance, the autocorrelation function is oscillatory of period 12. A 12-point differencing yields a series called SDGASR with a generally horizontal secular trend. It is adjudged stationary by the Augmented Dickey Fuller unit root test. Its correlogram gives an indication of stationarity as well as an involvement of the presence of a seasonal moving average component of order one and a seasonal autoregressive component of order two. This autocorrelation structure suggests three multiplicative SARIMA models, namely: (0, 0, 0)x(0, 1, 1)12 , (0, 0, 1)x(0, 1, 1)12 and (0, 0, 1)x(2, 1, 1)12. The first model is adjudged the most adequate. Its residuals have been observed to be uncorrelated. It may be the basis for the forecasting of rain in the region for planning purposes.
{"title":"Time Series Analysis of Monthly Rainfall data for the Gadaref rainfall station, Sudan, by Sarima Methods","authors":"E. Etuk, T. Mohamed","doi":"10.12983/IJSRK-2014-P0320-0327","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12983/IJSRK-2014-P0320-0327","url":null,"abstract":"The time series being rainfall data is a typical seasonal series of one-year period. The time-plot of the realization herein called GASR and its correlogram are as expected, reflecting seasonality of period 12. For instance, the autocorrelation function is oscillatory of period 12. A 12-point differencing yields a series called SDGASR with a generally horizontal secular trend. It is adjudged stationary by the Augmented Dickey Fuller unit root test. Its correlogram gives an indication of stationarity as well as an involvement of the presence of a seasonal moving average component of order one and a seasonal autoregressive component of order two. This autocorrelation structure suggests three multiplicative SARIMA models, namely: (0, 0, 0)x(0, 1, 1)12 , (0, 0, 1)x(0, 1, 1)12 and (0, 0, 1)x(2, 1, 1)12. The first model is adjudged the most adequate. Its residuals have been observed to be uncorrelated. It may be the basis for the forecasting of rain in the region for planning purposes.","PeriodicalId":14310,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Scientific Research in Knowledge","volume":"61 1","pages":"320-327"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84690612","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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