Pub Date : 2014-05-01DOI: 10.12983/IJSRK-2014-P0224-0232
H. O. Tuffour, M. Bonsu, A. A. Khalid, T. Adjei-Gyapong
Spatial variability of soil properties has been frequently assessed using classical statistics and geostatistics. However, the scaling theory approach has also proven to be an effective method to describe the variation of soil hydraulic properties. The objective of this study was to evaluate the structure of spatial variability in soil hydraulic and hydrologic processes using scaling techniques in the Plantations Section of the Department of Crops and Soil Sciences, KNUST, Kumasi. Field infiltration studies were conducted using the single ring infiltrometer. Saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ks) was determined in the laboratory by the falling head permeameter. The similar media theory approach was employed in the scaling of Ks, while cumulative infiltration amount (I) was scaled using the linear variability theory. Scaling factors and parameters of the reference curves were computed directly from the parameters of individual soil hydraulic and hydrologic parameters and reference curves were obtained to represent Ks and I in the field. Scaling factors ranged from 0.23 to 2.66 with a mean of 1.00 for Ks, I and cumulative time. The composite Ks and I for the study area calculated by using different, but related, scaling factors was successful, though the distribution and range of the parameters were highly variable.
{"title":"Scaling Approaches to Evaluating Spatial Variability of Saturated Hydraulic Conductivity and Cumulative Infiltration of an Acrisol","authors":"H. O. Tuffour, M. Bonsu, A. A. Khalid, T. Adjei-Gyapong","doi":"10.12983/IJSRK-2014-P0224-0232","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12983/IJSRK-2014-P0224-0232","url":null,"abstract":"Spatial variability of soil properties has been frequently assessed using classical statistics and geostatistics. However, the scaling theory approach has also proven to be an effective method to describe the variation of soil hydraulic properties. The objective of this study was to evaluate the structure of spatial variability in soil hydraulic and hydrologic processes using scaling techniques in the Plantations Section of the Department of Crops and Soil Sciences, KNUST, Kumasi. Field infiltration studies were conducted using the single ring infiltrometer. Saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ks) was determined in the laboratory by the falling head permeameter. The similar media theory approach was employed in the scaling of Ks, while cumulative infiltration amount (I) was scaled using the linear variability theory. Scaling factors and parameters of the reference curves were computed directly from the parameters of individual soil hydraulic and hydrologic parameters and reference curves were obtained to represent Ks and I in the field. Scaling factors ranged from 0.23 to 2.66 with a mean of 1.00 for Ks, I and cumulative time. The composite Ks and I for the study area calculated by using different, but related, scaling factors was successful, though the distribution and range of the parameters were highly variable.","PeriodicalId":14310,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Scientific Research in Knowledge","volume":"7 1","pages":"224-232"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89769599","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-05-01DOI: 10.12983/IJSRK-2014-P0233-0240
R. Chatterjee, S. Bandyopadhyay, J. C. Jana
Tomato plant demands adequate plant nutrients especially nitrogen for optimum growth and yield. Amount of dry matter produced per unit of nitrogen applied or absorbed can be judged by estimating the nitrogen use efficiency of different nutrient sources used for tomato cultivation. The present experiment was aimed to examine the effect of 15 different combinations of organic and inorganic nutrient sources on growth and yield attributes, nitrogen use efficiency and soil nitrogen balance. The result revealed that tomato growth and yield attributes as well as different parameters of nitrogen use efficiency (PFP, AE, PUE and AR) were remarkably influenced by the application of different sources of nutrients. Substitution of 25% of recommended fertilizer dose was possible when higher amount of organic manures and biofertilizer were combined together. Vermicompost emerged as better organic nutrient source over farmyard manure. Inoculation with biofertilizer exerted more positive result over uninoculated treatments and benefits of biofertilizer application were prominent in presence of vermicompost. The nutrient schedule comprising of 75% recommended fertilizer dose of inorganic fertilizers and vermicompost (4 t/ha) inoculated with biofertilizer was found best for growth, yield attributes as well as the NUE parameters and soil nitrogen balance. This should be practiced to achieve desired yield, nutrient use efficiency and sustaining the fertility and productivity of soil.
{"title":"Impact of Organic Amendments and Inorganic Fertilizers on Production Potential, Nitrogen Use Efficiency and Nitrogen Balance in Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.)","authors":"R. Chatterjee, S. Bandyopadhyay, J. C. Jana","doi":"10.12983/IJSRK-2014-P0233-0240","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12983/IJSRK-2014-P0233-0240","url":null,"abstract":"Tomato plant demands adequate plant nutrients especially nitrogen for optimum growth and yield. Amount of dry matter produced per unit of nitrogen applied or absorbed can be judged by estimating the nitrogen use efficiency of different nutrient sources used for tomato cultivation. The present experiment was aimed to examine the effect of 15 different combinations of organic and inorganic nutrient sources on growth and yield attributes, nitrogen use efficiency and soil nitrogen balance. The result revealed that tomato growth and yield attributes as well as different parameters of nitrogen use efficiency (PFP, AE, PUE and AR) were remarkably influenced by the application of different sources of nutrients. Substitution of 25% of recommended fertilizer dose was possible when higher amount of organic manures and biofertilizer were combined together. Vermicompost emerged as better organic nutrient source over farmyard manure. Inoculation with biofertilizer exerted more positive result over uninoculated treatments and benefits of biofertilizer application were prominent in presence of vermicompost. The nutrient schedule comprising of 75% recommended fertilizer dose of inorganic fertilizers and vermicompost (4 t/ha) inoculated with biofertilizer was found best for growth, yield attributes as well as the NUE parameters and soil nitrogen balance. This should be practiced to achieve desired yield, nutrient use efficiency and sustaining the fertility and productivity of soil.","PeriodicalId":14310,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Scientific Research in Knowledge","volume":"58 8","pages":"233-240"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91399427","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-05-01DOI: 10.12983/IJSRK-2014-P0241-0248
S. Sarsam, Mahmood Diab Alahmad, Hussein Qasim Al-Nadaf
The sandy soil with high gypsum content, (usually referred to as gypseous soil), possesses a type of cohesive forces when mixed with optimum amount of water and then compacted, but losses its strength when flooded with water again. The gypseous soil obtained from Al-Fallujah was subjected to laboratory investigation. The physical and chemical properties and then optimum liquid asphalt (emulsion) requirement were determined. A laboratory soil embankment-model of 50x50x30 cm was implemented to study the impact of absorption by capillary rise on the stability of embankment. Load repetitions test was carried out on four gypseous soil models, two of them were pure soil at dry and absorbed conditions, and the other two were stabilized with emulsion at dry and absorbed condition. Another set of four gypseous soil models of the same condition were tested under static load. The impact of changing the hydraulic conductivity of soil due to asphalt stabilization was investigated and the vertical deformation was determined using LVDT. For the pure soil in dry condition the vertical deformation was 7.45 mm at 157 load repetitions, while for pure soil model under absorbed condition, the vertical deformation was 12.5 mm at 29 load cycles. The stabilized soil at dry condition exhibits vertical deformation of 9.75 mm at 911 load cycles, and shows 10.47 mm deformation at 897 load cycles under absorption. When tested under static load, the ultimate sustained pressure was 0.8 MPa with vertical settlement 0.03 mm for pure soil at dry condition, and reduced to 0.3 MPa with vertical settlement 12 mm at absorbed condition.
{"title":"Performance of Soil Embankment Model under Static and Cyclic Loading","authors":"S. Sarsam, Mahmood Diab Alahmad, Hussein Qasim Al-Nadaf","doi":"10.12983/IJSRK-2014-P0241-0248","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12983/IJSRK-2014-P0241-0248","url":null,"abstract":"The sandy soil with high gypsum content, (usually referred to as gypseous soil), possesses a type of cohesive forces when mixed with optimum amount of water and then compacted, but losses its strength when flooded with water again. The gypseous soil obtained from Al-Fallujah was subjected to laboratory investigation. The physical and chemical properties and then optimum liquid asphalt (emulsion) requirement were determined. A laboratory soil embankment-model of 50x50x30 cm was implemented to study the impact of absorption by capillary rise on the stability of embankment. Load repetitions test was carried out on four gypseous soil models, two of them were pure soil at dry and absorbed conditions, and the other two were stabilized with emulsion at dry and absorbed condition. Another set of four gypseous soil models of the same condition were tested under static load. The impact of changing the hydraulic conductivity of soil due to asphalt stabilization was investigated and the vertical deformation was determined using LVDT. For the pure soil in dry condition the vertical deformation was 7.45 mm at 157 load repetitions, while for pure soil model under absorbed condition, the vertical deformation was 12.5 mm at 29 load cycles. The stabilized soil at dry condition exhibits vertical deformation of 9.75 mm at 911 load cycles, and shows 10.47 mm deformation at 897 load cycles under absorption. When tested under static load, the ultimate sustained pressure was 0.8 MPa with vertical settlement 0.03 mm for pure soil at dry condition, and reduced to 0.3 MPa with vertical settlement 12 mm at absorbed condition.","PeriodicalId":14310,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Scientific Research in Knowledge","volume":"5 1","pages":"241-248"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88858477","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-04-23DOI: 10.12983/IJSRK-2014-P0173-0181
P. Akbari, A. Darabi
Culture in the broadest sense refers to complex and advanced human products such as art, philosophy, science and technology and in the social sciences is the shed, to a system of shared meanings, which accepted in collectively reveal way by a certain group at a specific time based on this system carried out meanings, Interaction and behavior of the group. So, the purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of Organizational Culture on Manager's Decision Making Patterns in Iranian Governmental Departments Case study: Government Departments of Sarpolzohab City. The statistical population of the study consisted of 60 subjects from which between them. 52 subjects were selected by Simple random sampling and by using Cochran's formula as samples for the second half of 2013. So this research is descriptive - survey of correlation type. For data collection were used the decision making Questionnaire Robbins (1990) and Organizational culture questionnaire Hofstede (1991). To examine the questionnaire validity was used content validity (verification of questionnaire by a group of university professors) and reliability of the questionnaires was investigated also with calculating by Cronbach alpha coefficient 0.750 for the first questionnaire, and 0.780 for second questionnaire. The results of testing hypotheses by SPSS software in two levels of descriptive and inferential test showed that Organizational Culture has a significant effect on Manager's Decision Making Patterns in Iranian Governmental Departments.
{"title":"Analysis of the Impact of Organizational Culture on Manager's Decision Making Patterns in Iranian Governmental Departments (Case Study: Government Departments of Sarpolzohab City)","authors":"P. Akbari, A. Darabi","doi":"10.12983/IJSRK-2014-P0173-0181","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12983/IJSRK-2014-P0173-0181","url":null,"abstract":"Culture in the broadest sense refers to complex and advanced human products such as art, philosophy, science and technology and in the social sciences is the shed, to a system of shared meanings, which accepted in collectively reveal way by a certain group at a specific time based on this system carried out meanings, Interaction and behavior of the group. So, the purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of Organizational Culture on Manager's Decision Making Patterns in Iranian Governmental Departments Case study: Government Departments of Sarpolzohab City. The statistical population of the study consisted of 60 subjects from which between them. 52 subjects were selected by Simple random sampling and by using Cochran's formula as samples for the second half of 2013. So this research is descriptive - survey of correlation type. For data collection were used the decision making Questionnaire Robbins (1990) and Organizational culture questionnaire Hofstede (1991). To examine the questionnaire validity was used content validity (verification of questionnaire by a group of university professors) and reliability of the questionnaires was investigated also with calculating by Cronbach alpha coefficient 0.750 for the first questionnaire, and 0.780 for second questionnaire. The results of testing hypotheses by SPSS software in two levels of descriptive and inferential test showed that Organizational Culture has a significant effect on Manager's Decision Making Patterns in Iranian Governmental Departments.","PeriodicalId":14310,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Scientific Research in Knowledge","volume":"117 1","pages":"173-181"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78573867","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-04-06DOI: 10.12983/IJSRK-2014-P0265-0276
H. Mohajan
During the last 30 years Chinese economy has increased rapidly. The pollution of air in many Chinese cities exceeds both national and international standards due to rapid urbanization, industrialization and increased energy consumption. At present China becomes the highest sulphur dioxide emitter in the world due to its reliance on coal for energy generation. The Government of China has taken different steps to reduce sulphur dioxide and succeeded from the 11th Five-Year Plan. Breathing in sulphur dioxide can irritate the nose, throat and the lungs, causing phlegm, coughing, shortness of breath, development of bronchitis and other respiratory diseases, as well as aggravation of existing cardiovascular disease. Long-term contact to sulphur dioxide at lower concentrations can cause temporary loss of smell, headache, nausea and dizziness. In this paper an attempt has been taken to discuss sulphur dioxide emissions of China and stresses on desulphurization processes.
{"title":"Chinese Sulphur Dioxide Emissions and Local Environment Pollution","authors":"H. Mohajan","doi":"10.12983/IJSRK-2014-P0265-0276","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12983/IJSRK-2014-P0265-0276","url":null,"abstract":"During the last 30 years Chinese economy has increased rapidly. The pollution of air in many Chinese cities exceeds both national and international standards due to rapid urbanization, industrialization and increased energy consumption. At present China becomes the highest sulphur dioxide emitter in the world due to its reliance on coal for energy generation. The Government of China has taken different steps to reduce sulphur dioxide and succeeded from the 11th Five-Year Plan. Breathing in sulphur dioxide can irritate the nose, throat and the lungs, causing phlegm, coughing, shortness of breath, development of bronchitis and other respiratory diseases, as well as aggravation of existing cardiovascular disease. Long-term contact to sulphur dioxide at lower concentrations can cause temporary loss of smell, headache, nausea and dizziness. In this paper an attempt has been taken to discuss sulphur dioxide emissions of China and stresses on desulphurization processes.","PeriodicalId":14310,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Scientific Research in Knowledge","volume":"41 1","pages":"265-276"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-04-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85755045","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-04-01DOI: 10.12983/IJSRK-2014-P0208-0214
M. Shahid, S. Khair-ul-Bariyah
The word glaucoma means "opacity of the crystalline lens". It is a disease known to cause sudden vision loss. The intraocular fluid fails to drain so the drainage mechanism of the eyes gets blocked. Fluid starts building up and so the pressure inside the eyes starts increasing. The optic nerves get effected and the vision is lost. The medication is given in the form of eye drops sometimes followed by surgery. Alpha-adrenergic agonists are an important class of the medications given for glaucoma treatment including brimonidine and apraclonidine. Apraclonidine has been found to be effective (0.5-1% concentration) in lowering intraocular pressure. Its efficacy has been checked against acetazolamide, brimonidine, timolol and dorzolamide and the drug has shown promising results. It has shown greater hyotensive effect as compared to other medications and its drops have been reported to exhibit corneal biomedical response. The present review aims to cover the studies done in the last ten years on the effectiveness of apraclonidine but still a lot of work needs to be done in checking its potential with beta-blockers, other alpha-adrenergic agonists and other classes of glaucoma medication.
{"title":"A Review on Apraclonidine in Glaucoma Treatment","authors":"M. Shahid, S. Khair-ul-Bariyah","doi":"10.12983/IJSRK-2014-P0208-0214","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12983/IJSRK-2014-P0208-0214","url":null,"abstract":"The word glaucoma means \"opacity of the crystalline lens\". It is a disease known to cause sudden vision loss. The intraocular fluid fails to drain so the drainage mechanism of the eyes gets blocked. Fluid starts building up and so the pressure inside the eyes starts increasing. The optic nerves get effected and the vision is lost. The medication is given in the form of eye drops sometimes followed by surgery. Alpha-adrenergic agonists are an important class of the medications given for glaucoma treatment including brimonidine and apraclonidine. Apraclonidine has been found to be effective (0.5-1% concentration) in lowering intraocular pressure. Its efficacy has been checked against acetazolamide, brimonidine, timolol and dorzolamide and the drug has shown promising results. It has shown greater hyotensive effect as compared to other medications and its drops have been reported to exhibit corneal biomedical response. The present review aims to cover the studies done in the last ten years on the effectiveness of apraclonidine but still a lot of work needs to be done in checking its potential with beta-blockers, other alpha-adrenergic agonists and other classes of glaucoma medication.","PeriodicalId":14310,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Scientific Research in Knowledge","volume":"21 1","pages":"208-214"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81725980","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-04-01DOI: 10.12983/IJSRK-2014-P0199-0207
Metto S. Kimutai, Awuor F. Mzee, Okuthe P. Kogeda, Kimeli V. Kimutai, S. Africa
The impact and interaction of ICT and African culture is a critical issue as African nations position themselves to reap the benefits of ICT for development. African nations have different attitudes towards cultural regeneration and dissemination as the continent struggles to address the ambiguous role and position of culture as it forge ahead with her development agenda and find her position in the global information revolution. It is essential for African countries to ensure that adopting ICT for development (ICT4D) does not destroy their beautiful cultural heritage. Culture is passed from one generation to another through inheritance as young generation is brought up in it, thus, growing up to appreciate and passes it on to their children. However, at such a time when the world is drastically embracing information age, the value of culture may easily be lost. African conservatives and elders are worried that their children are losing their "good" traditions and culture. In the evolution of the information society, particular attention must be given to the special situation of indigenous peoples, as well as to the preservation of their heritage and their cultural legacy. In this regard, this paper attempts to address the following issues: how do we adopt ICT4D in Africa yet keep our culture and heritage? And how we use ICT to preserve Africa"s culture? This paper considers a case of North Rift region of Kenya due to its rich and well preserved culture and heritage.
{"title":"Ethnocomputing: Using ICT to Preserve the Culture of the People of North-Rift Region of Kenya","authors":"Metto S. Kimutai, Awuor F. Mzee, Okuthe P. Kogeda, Kimeli V. Kimutai, S. Africa","doi":"10.12983/IJSRK-2014-P0199-0207","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12983/IJSRK-2014-P0199-0207","url":null,"abstract":"The impact and interaction of ICT and African culture is a critical issue as African nations position themselves to reap the benefits of ICT for development. African nations have different attitudes towards cultural regeneration and dissemination as the continent struggles to address the ambiguous role and position of culture as it forge ahead with her development agenda and find her position in the global information revolution. It is essential for African countries to ensure that adopting ICT for development (ICT4D) does not destroy their beautiful cultural heritage. Culture is passed from one generation to another through inheritance as young generation is brought up in it, thus, growing up to appreciate and passes it on to their children. However, at such a time when the world is drastically embracing information age, the value of culture may easily be lost. African conservatives and elders are worried that their children are losing their \"good\" traditions and culture. In the evolution of the information society, particular attention must be given to the special situation of indigenous peoples, as well as to the preservation of their heritage and their cultural legacy. In this regard, this paper attempts to address the following issues: how do we adopt ICT4D in Africa yet keep our culture and heritage? And how we use ICT to preserve Africa\"s culture? This paper considers a case of North Rift region of Kenya due to its rich and well preserved culture and heritage.","PeriodicalId":14310,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Scientific Research in Knowledge","volume":"58 1","pages":"199-207"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90913106","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-04-01DOI: 10.12983/IJSRK-2014-P0182-0188
S. Gavanji, S. Sayedipour, Mohsen Doostmohammadi, Behrouz Larki
Nanotechnology as a branch of science which is related to nano materials helps in overcoming the limitations of size and can change the outlook of the world regarding science. Silver nano particles, due to their strong antimicrobial properties, are widely applicable in different industries. So, research on nano silver properties and its harmful effects on human and environment is critical. The aim of the present study is testing the harmful properties of Silver nano particles, in the size 18 to 32 nm, on enzymes and tissues of liver in Wistar rats. At first 50 adult male Wistar rats were picked and concentrations 5, 10, 20 and 40 ppm of Silver nano particle were tested on AST, ALT, ALP and GGT enzymes. Results showed that only 40 ppm of silver nano particle possesses a meaningful effect on ALT enzyme, and none of the other concentrations has meaningful effect on AST, ALP and GGT. Moreover, histopathology test from liver tissue revealed no damage in liver cells. As nano silver shows harmful effects on a broad range of cells, predetermined dosages of nano silver in limited amounts are suggested.
{"title":"The Effect of different Concentrations of Silver Nanoparticles on Enzyme Activity and Liver Tissue of Adult Male Wistar Rats in-vivo Condition","authors":"S. Gavanji, S. Sayedipour, Mohsen Doostmohammadi, Behrouz Larki","doi":"10.12983/IJSRK-2014-P0182-0188","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12983/IJSRK-2014-P0182-0188","url":null,"abstract":"Nanotechnology as a branch of science which is related to nano materials helps in overcoming the limitations of size and can change the outlook of the world regarding science. Silver nano particles, due to their strong antimicrobial properties, are widely applicable in different industries. So, research on nano silver properties and its harmful effects on human and environment is critical. The aim of the present study is testing the harmful properties of Silver nano particles, in the size 18 to 32 nm, on enzymes and tissues of liver in Wistar rats. At first 50 adult male Wistar rats were picked and concentrations 5, 10, 20 and 40 ppm of Silver nano particle were tested on AST, ALT, ALP and GGT enzymes. Results showed that only 40 ppm of silver nano particle possesses a meaningful effect on ALT enzyme, and none of the other concentrations has meaningful effect on AST, ALP and GGT. Moreover, histopathology test from liver tissue revealed no damage in liver cells. As nano silver shows harmful effects on a broad range of cells, predetermined dosages of nano silver in limited amounts are suggested.","PeriodicalId":14310,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Scientific Research in Knowledge","volume":"128 1","pages":"182-188"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86589780","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-04-01DOI: 10.12983/IJSRK-2014-P0189-0198
A. Seif, M. Mokarram, D. Sathyamoorthy
Morphometry research used geography information system (GIS) to explore alluvial fan morphology for determination of fans location and fast and accurate analysis. The aim of this study is to classify alluvial fans formed by high- gradient braided streams and torrents that discharge into the Oshtorankook altitudes in the Lorestan province, Iran. The morphology of the fans and their watershed is quantitatively described through estimated morphometric parameters. For relationships between geomorphological features of the fans and their drainage basins, self-organizing maps (SOM) were used. In SOM, according to both qualitative data and morphometric variables, the clustering tendency of alluvial fans was investigated using 15 alluvial fans parameters. The results of the analysis showed that several morphologically different fan types were recognized based on their geomorphological characteristics in the study area. A strong positive relationship was found between the drainage basin area and size of the fan with a simple power function. In addition, the relationship between fan slope and drainage area was found to be negative and moderately strong with a simple power function.
{"title":"Using Self-Organizing Maps for Alluvial Fan Classification","authors":"A. Seif, M. Mokarram, D. Sathyamoorthy","doi":"10.12983/IJSRK-2014-P0189-0198","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12983/IJSRK-2014-P0189-0198","url":null,"abstract":"Morphometry research used geography information system (GIS) to explore alluvial fan morphology for determination of fans location and fast and accurate analysis. The aim of this study is to classify alluvial fans formed by high- gradient braided streams and torrents that discharge into the Oshtorankook altitudes in the Lorestan province, Iran. The morphology of the fans and their watershed is quantitatively described through estimated morphometric parameters. For relationships between geomorphological features of the fans and their drainage basins, self-organizing maps (SOM) were used. In SOM, according to both qualitative data and morphometric variables, the clustering tendency of alluvial fans was investigated using 15 alluvial fans parameters. The results of the analysis showed that several morphologically different fan types were recognized based on their geomorphological characteristics in the study area. A strong positive relationship was found between the drainage basin area and size of the fan with a simple power function. In addition, the relationship between fan slope and drainage area was found to be negative and moderately strong with a simple power function.","PeriodicalId":14310,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Scientific Research in Knowledge","volume":"190 1","pages":"189-198"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76642223","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-03-01DOI: 10.12983/IJSRK-2014-P0124-0133
F. Zand, A. Sahraei
In this study, depth of phreatic zone of Malayer plain, which is the third largest plain of the province, has been investigated. The drainage basin of Malayer water, covering an area of 2965 km 2 , is located 80 km south of Hamadan. For this study, performance records of 43 existing wells were monitored over a period of 17 years (1994-2011). Data obtained were subjected to statistical analysis. The aquifer level hydrograph and equipotential maps were drawn in AutoCAD environment. The results of this study are indicative of the estimation of a 20.20 meter total dip and a 415.96 million-cubic-meter reservoir volume shortage in the 17 year period, caused by uncontrolled exploitations. In the water year of 1998-1999 the dip amount has reached 3.72 meters which is equivalent to more than one sixth of the total dip. The largest dip between years 1999-2010 with 39 meters was in Aznav village and the smallest dip in the same period of time with 1.08 meters was in Farvaz village. From the elements of dropping the phreatic surface, precipitation decrease and waiving the maximum exploitation limits through under-exploitation wells could be mentioned.
{"title":"Examining Issues of Groundwater Resources Exploitation in Malayer plain, Iran","authors":"F. Zand, A. Sahraei","doi":"10.12983/IJSRK-2014-P0124-0133","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12983/IJSRK-2014-P0124-0133","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, depth of phreatic zone of Malayer plain, which is the third largest plain of the province, has been investigated. The drainage basin of Malayer water, covering an area of 2965 km 2 , is located 80 km south of Hamadan. For this study, performance records of 43 existing wells were monitored over a period of 17 years (1994-2011). Data obtained were subjected to statistical analysis. The aquifer level hydrograph and equipotential maps were drawn in AutoCAD environment. The results of this study are indicative of the estimation of a 20.20 meter total dip and a 415.96 million-cubic-meter reservoir volume shortage in the 17 year period, caused by uncontrolled exploitations. In the water year of 1998-1999 the dip amount has reached 3.72 meters which is equivalent to more than one sixth of the total dip. The largest dip between years 1999-2010 with 39 meters was in Aznav village and the smallest dip in the same period of time with 1.08 meters was in Farvaz village. From the elements of dropping the phreatic surface, precipitation decrease and waiving the maximum exploitation limits through under-exploitation wells could be mentioned.","PeriodicalId":14310,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Scientific Research in Knowledge","volume":"18 4 1","pages":"124-133"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84579538","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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