Pub Date : 2014-02-01DOI: 10.12983/IJSRK-2014-P0092-0104
A. J. Adesina, S. Akomolafe
Nutritional composition of Bridelia ferruginea Benth (Euphorbiaceae) stem bark sample was evaluated. The percentage protein, fat, fibre and carbohydrate contents were: 15.7 ± 0.30, 5.45± 0.05, 4.35 ± 0.06 and 60.7 ± 0.71 respectively while the total gross energy was 1501kJ/100g. The mineral composition ranged from 0.25 to 74.2 mg/100g, with phosphorus being the most concentrated. The K/Na ratio (1.80) was higher than 1.0 recommended. The mineral safety index computation showed only Zn to be in excess based on the recommended daily allowance (RDA). The amino acid contents ranged between 0.597 – 13.1 g/100g. All the essential amino acids were present in varying amount with Isoleucine being the most concentrated. The % TEAA and % TNEAA were: 47.8 and 52.2 respectively. The P-PER (predicted protein efficiency ratio), pI (Isoelectric point) and EAAI (essential amino acid index) values were: 1.69, 5.14, 1.18 respectively. Based on the whole hen’s egg amino acid scoring pattern, methionine was limiting while with respect to FAO/WHO provisional amino acid scoring pattern and essential amino acid scoring pattern based on the requirements of pre-school child Met + Cys was limiting. The anti-nutritional factors analyzed; phytates, tannins, oxalates, phenolic content, saponins, phytin phosphorus and alkaloids in the sample were lower than the range of values reported for most vegetables. This study revealed that the Bridelia ferruginea stem bark consumed in Ekiti State and other states in the South-western part of Nigeria can contribute useful amount of nutrients to human diet.
{"title":"Nutritional and Anti-Nutritional Composition of Bridelia Ferruginea Benth(Euphorbiaceae) Stem Bark Sample","authors":"A. J. Adesina, S. Akomolafe","doi":"10.12983/IJSRK-2014-P0092-0104","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12983/IJSRK-2014-P0092-0104","url":null,"abstract":"Nutritional composition of Bridelia ferruginea Benth (Euphorbiaceae) stem bark sample was evaluated. The \u0000percentage protein, fat, fibre and carbohydrate contents were: 15.7 ± 0.30, 5.45± 0.05, 4.35 ± 0.06 and 60.7 ± 0.71 respectively \u0000while the total gross energy was 1501kJ/100g. The mineral composition ranged from 0.25 to 74.2 mg/100g, with phosphorus \u0000being the most concentrated. The K/Na ratio (1.80) was higher than 1.0 recommended. The mineral safety index computation \u0000showed only Zn to be in excess based on the recommended daily allowance (RDA). The amino acid contents ranged between \u00000.597 – 13.1 g/100g. All the essential amino acids were present in varying amount with Isoleucine being the most \u0000concentrated. The % TEAA and % TNEAA were: 47.8 and 52.2 respectively. The P-PER (predicted protein efficiency ratio), \u0000pI (Isoelectric point) and EAAI (essential amino acid index) values were: 1.69, 5.14, 1.18 respectively. Based on the whole \u0000hen’s egg amino acid scoring pattern, methionine was limiting while with respect to FAO/WHO provisional amino acid \u0000scoring pattern and essential amino acid scoring pattern based on the requirements of pre-school child Met + Cys was limiting. \u0000The anti-nutritional factors analyzed; phytates, tannins, oxalates, phenolic content, saponins, phytin phosphorus and alkaloids \u0000in the sample were lower than the range of values reported for most vegetables. This study revealed that the Bridelia \u0000ferruginea stem bark consumed in Ekiti State and other states in the South-western part of Nigeria can contribute useful \u0000amount of nutrients to human diet.","PeriodicalId":14310,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Scientific Research in Knowledge","volume":"221 1","pages":"92-104"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79869217","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-01-01DOI: 10.12983/IJSRK-2014-P0048-0056
S. Sarsam, Abeer AL-Rawi, Sura D. Tawfeek
The primary objective of this research is to study the durability of roller compacted concrete (RCC) samples that were constructed in the laboratory using roller compactor. A total of 60 slab sample of (38×38×10) cm have been constructed using the roller device, cured for 28 days, then 180 sawed beams were obtained from RCC slab. The specimens were subjected to 60 cycles of each of the durability testing parameters including freezing and thawing, soundness against sulfate attack cycles and wetting and drying. The effect of implementation of two types of cement (OPC and SRPC) on the durability of RCC was investigated using the nondestructive test technique (NDT). The results indicated that RCC that contain SRPC has superior quality when compared to RCC that contain OPC after durability testing. Based on the testing results, it was concluded that the resistance of RCC specimens to freezing and thawing, wetting and drying and sulfate attack test increase as cement content increase.
{"title":"Assessing the Impact of Cement Content and Type on the Durability of Roller Compacted Concrete Using NDT","authors":"S. Sarsam, Abeer AL-Rawi, Sura D. Tawfeek","doi":"10.12983/IJSRK-2014-P0048-0056","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12983/IJSRK-2014-P0048-0056","url":null,"abstract":"The primary objective of this research is to study the durability of roller compacted concrete (RCC) samples that were constructed in the laboratory using roller compactor. A total of 60 slab sample of (38×38×10) cm have been constructed using the roller device, cured for 28 days, then 180 sawed beams were obtained from RCC slab. The specimens were subjected to 60 cycles of each of the durability testing parameters including freezing and thawing, soundness against sulfate attack cycles and wetting and drying. The effect of implementation of two types of cement (OPC and SRPC) on the durability of RCC was investigated using the nondestructive test technique (NDT). The results indicated that RCC that contain SRPC has superior quality when compared to RCC that contain OPC after durability testing. Based on the testing results, it was concluded that the resistance of RCC specimens to freezing and thawing, wetting and drying and sulfate attack test increase as cement content increase.","PeriodicalId":14310,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Scientific Research in Knowledge","volume":"6 1","pages":"48-56"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73082069","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-01-01DOI: 10.12983/IJSRK-2014-P0028-0037
Abbas Ramezanzadeh Zeidi, Zabihollah Taheri, Ommolbanin Gholami Farahabadi
The main purpose of this research is to investigate the relationship between conservatism and earnings response coefficient. For conservatism the book-to-market ratio and for measurement of earnings management Ohlson's valuation model is used. The statistic population of the research includesthe listed companies in Tehran Stock Exchange and the samples include 154 companies over the period of 2007 to 2012. Using the panel regression analysis, several models have been estimated and the hypotheses have been examined. Results show that there is negative and significant relationship between conservatism and earnings response coefficient.
{"title":"The Conservatism in Accounting and Its Effect on Earnings Response Coefficient in Tehran Stock Exchange Listed Companies","authors":"Abbas Ramezanzadeh Zeidi, Zabihollah Taheri, Ommolbanin Gholami Farahabadi","doi":"10.12983/IJSRK-2014-P0028-0037","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12983/IJSRK-2014-P0028-0037","url":null,"abstract":"The main purpose of this research is to investigate the relationship between conservatism and earnings response coefficient. For conservatism the book-to-market ratio and for measurement of earnings management Ohlson's valuation model is used. The statistic population of the research includesthe listed companies in Tehran Stock Exchange and the samples include 154 companies over the period of 2007 to 2012. Using the panel regression analysis, several models have been estimated and the hypotheses have been examined. Results show that there is negative and significant relationship between conservatism and earnings response coefficient.","PeriodicalId":14310,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Scientific Research in Knowledge","volume":"11 1","pages":"28-37"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84173748","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-01-01DOI: 10.12983/IJSRK-2014-P0008-0021
A. Moghimi, Sahar Pourhossein Akbarieh
nano graphene (OD-G) were used as absorbent for extraction of Cr(III) and Cr(VI), ions in the presence of diethyldithiocarbamate as a chelate by solid phase extraction method. A novel and selective method for the fast determination of trace amounts of chromium species in water samples has been developed. The procedure is based on the selective formation of chromium diethyldithiocarbamate complexes at different pH in the presence of Mn (II) as an enhancement agent of chromium signals followed by elution with organic eluents and determination by atomic absorption spectrometry. The maximum capacity of the employed disks was found to be 498 3 µg and 487 2 µg for Cr (III) and Cr (VI), respectively. The detection limit of the proposed method is 21 and 12 ng.L -1 for Cr (III) and Cr (VI), respectively. The proposed method was successfully applied for determination of chromium Species Cr (III) and Cr (VI) in different water samples.
{"title":"Evaluation of Solid-phase Extraction Sorbent with Octadecane-functionalized Nano Graphene (OD-G) for the Preconcentration of Chromium Species in Water","authors":"A. Moghimi, Sahar Pourhossein Akbarieh","doi":"10.12983/IJSRK-2014-P0008-0021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12983/IJSRK-2014-P0008-0021","url":null,"abstract":"nano graphene (OD-G) were used as absorbent for extraction of Cr(III) and Cr(VI), ions in the presence of diethyldithiocarbamate as a chelate by solid phase extraction method. A novel and selective method for the fast determination of trace amounts of chromium species in water samples has been developed. The procedure is based on the selective formation of chromium diethyldithiocarbamate complexes at different pH in the presence of Mn (II) as an enhancement agent of chromium signals followed by elution with organic eluents and determination by atomic absorption spectrometry. The maximum capacity of the employed disks was found to be 498 3 µg and 487 2 µg for Cr (III) and Cr (VI), respectively. The detection limit of the proposed method is 21 and 12 ng.L -1 for Cr (III) and Cr (VI), respectively. The proposed method was successfully applied for determination of chromium Species Cr (III) and Cr (VI) in different water samples.","PeriodicalId":14310,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Scientific Research in Knowledge","volume":"24 1","pages":"8-21"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73994004","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-01-01DOI: 10.12983/IJSRK-2014-P0022-0027
V. Lanin, Ivan I. Sergachou, Vitaly T. Khotskin
Induction devices with open magnetic circuit are efficient for forming solder balls from solder paste on contact pads PCB. Local distribution of eddy currents in solder balls it is possible to provide by optimize frequency and amplitude of the excitation current in inductor. Realization of the high-speed induction heating solder balls in frequencies range from 500 to 1000 kHz are suitable in the magnetic circuit gap of inductor device.
{"title":"BGA Solder Balls Formation by Induction Heating","authors":"V. Lanin, Ivan I. Sergachou, Vitaly T. Khotskin","doi":"10.12983/IJSRK-2014-P0022-0027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12983/IJSRK-2014-P0022-0027","url":null,"abstract":"Induction devices with open magnetic circuit are efficient for forming solder balls from solder paste on contact pads PCB. Local distribution of eddy currents in solder balls it is possible to provide by optimize frequency and amplitude of the excitation current in inductor. Realization of the high-speed induction heating solder balls in frequencies range from 500 to 1000 kHz are suitable in the magnetic circuit gap of inductor device.","PeriodicalId":14310,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Scientific Research in Knowledge","volume":"1 1","pages":"22-27"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73621147","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-01-01DOI: 10.12983/IJSRK-2014-P0001-0007
A. Khmyl, V. Lanin
The functional galvanic plating widely applied for electronic components, assembly by soldering or microwelding technology should possess a complex of the electro physical and mechanical properties providing high reliability of equipment. For formation of the set properties of plating the new methods of galvanic deposition in non-stationary electrolysis is perspective. Application of non-stationary electrolysis at deposit of silver and gold plating's allows receiving at high efficiency of plating's process with the fine-grained structure raised wear resistance and corrosion firmness at a small thickness, good a solderability and stably high durability of microwelded connections.
{"title":"Galvanic Deposition of Functional Plating in Non-stationary Electrolysis","authors":"A. Khmyl, V. Lanin","doi":"10.12983/IJSRK-2014-P0001-0007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12983/IJSRK-2014-P0001-0007","url":null,"abstract":"The functional galvanic plating widely applied for electronic components, assembly by soldering or microwelding technology should possess a complex of the electro physical and mechanical properties providing high reliability of equipment. For formation of the set properties of plating the new methods of galvanic deposition in non-stationary electrolysis is perspective. Application of non-stationary electrolysis at deposit of silver and gold plating's allows receiving at high efficiency of plating's process with the fine-grained structure raised wear resistance and corrosion firmness at a small thickness, good a solderability and stably high durability of microwelded connections.","PeriodicalId":14310,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Scientific Research in Knowledge","volume":"20 1","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82825924","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-01-01DOI: 10.12983/IJSRK-2014-P0038-0047
Maysam Shahbazi, J. B. Soofi, A. K. Firouzabadi, A. Kazazi
In recent years a growing body of research has focused on coordinating product, process and supply chain decisions in order to meet customers' increasing demand for variety. Because of the importance of this approach, as well as its novelty, we aimed to conduct a comprehensive literature review of published papers and make some propositions for future research. The published material has been collected from credible and related journals and has been reviewed and analyzed from different aspects. Finally some suggestions are proposed to be considered in conducting future studies. Industry-specific and implementation-oriented studies, incorporating the real complexities and uncertainties of the business environment, and pay more attention to downstream supply chain management are the main propositions of this paper for future research.
{"title":"Coordination of Product, Process and Supply Chain Design; Analysis of Recent Literature and Directions for Development","authors":"Maysam Shahbazi, J. B. Soofi, A. K. Firouzabadi, A. Kazazi","doi":"10.12983/IJSRK-2014-P0038-0047","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12983/IJSRK-2014-P0038-0047","url":null,"abstract":"In recent years a growing body of research has focused on coordinating product, process and supply chain decisions in order to meet customers' increasing demand for variety. Because of the importance of this approach, as well as its novelty, we aimed to conduct a comprehensive literature review of published papers and make some propositions for future research. The published material has been collected from credible and related journals and has been reviewed and analyzed from different aspects. Finally some suggestions are proposed to be considered in conducting future studies. Industry-specific and implementation-oriented studies, incorporating the real complexities and uncertainties of the business environment, and pay more attention to downstream supply chain management are the main propositions of this paper for future research.","PeriodicalId":14310,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Scientific Research in Knowledge","volume":"38 1","pages":"38-47"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88182785","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-12-01DOI: 10.12983/IJSRK-2013-P547-556
Armin Roohbakhshan, B. Kalantari
Clay soils are commonly stiff in dry state but lose their stiffness when saturated with water. Soft clays are characterized by low bearing capacity and high compressibility. In this research, waste stone sludge obtained from slab stone processing, from stone washing plants were recycled for Stabilization of clayey soil with lime. Thus, the effectiveness of using waste stone powder and lime in stabilizing fine-grained clayey soil (CL) was investigated in the laboratory. The soil samples in natural state and when mixed with varying percentages of lime and waste stone powder were used for the laboratory tests that included atterberg limits tests, grain size analysis, standard Proctor compaction tests, unconfined compression tests and California bearing ratio tests. The results show significant reduction in plasticity and changed the optimum moisture content and maximum dry density of clayey soil with increasing percentage content of waste stone powder and lime. The results of the unconfined compressive strength (UCS) and California bearing ratio (CBR) tests show that at the different curing times, the addition of waste stone powder and lime caused an increase in the value of UCS up to 6% waste stone powder content and 7% lime content, and increase in the value of CBR to 6% waste stone powder content and 9% lime content, thereafter, the values of UCS and CBR decreased.
{"title":"Stabilization of Clayey Soil with Lime and Waste Stone Powder","authors":"Armin Roohbakhshan, B. Kalantari","doi":"10.12983/IJSRK-2013-P547-556","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12983/IJSRK-2013-P547-556","url":null,"abstract":"Clay soils are commonly stiff in dry state but lose their stiffness when saturated with water. Soft clays are characterized by low bearing capacity and high compressibility. In this research, waste stone sludge obtained from slab stone processing, from stone washing plants were recycled for Stabilization of clayey soil with lime. Thus, the effectiveness of using waste stone powder and lime in stabilizing fine-grained clayey soil (CL) was investigated in the laboratory. The soil samples in natural state and when mixed with varying percentages of lime and waste stone powder were used for the laboratory tests that included atterberg limits tests, grain size analysis, standard Proctor compaction tests, unconfined compression tests and California bearing ratio tests. The results show significant reduction in plasticity and changed the optimum moisture content and maximum dry density of clayey soil with increasing percentage content of waste stone powder and lime. The results of the unconfined compressive strength (UCS) and California bearing ratio (CBR) tests show that at the different curing times, the addition of waste stone powder and lime caused an increase in the value of UCS up to 6% waste stone powder content and 7% lime content, and increase in the value of CBR to 6% waste stone powder content and 9% lime content, thereafter, the values of UCS and CBR decreased.","PeriodicalId":14310,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Scientific Research in Knowledge","volume":"23 1","pages":"547-556"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83231496","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-12-01DOI: 10.12983/IJSRK-2013-P580-596
G. Thirunarayanan
Present study describes the efficient synthesis of some unsaturated 1,3-oxazine-2-amines including thirteen 4-(6methoxy-2-naphthyl)-5,6-dihydro-6(substituted phenyl)4 H-1,3-oxazine-2-amines by KF/Al2O3 catalysed solvent-free cyclization of enones with urea under microwave irradiation. The yields of the synthesized oxazines are more than 85%. The catalytic activity of this catalyst was studied by increasing the catalyst quantity from 0.05 to 0.25g in the step-wise cyclization of chalcone and urea. The optimum quantity of the catalyst for this cyclization will be found to be 0.2 g. The effect of solvent on the cyclization reaction was studied with conventional heating method and microwave irradiation technique. Comparatively, the microwave assisted solvent-free method gave more yields of the product. In this study, the effect of substituents also studied. The electron donating substituted chalcones gave more yield than electron-withdrawing substituted chalcones. This synthetic methodoly offers easy work-up procedure, non-hazardousness, shorter reaction time, environmentally benign reaction and better yield. The physical constants, analytical and spectroscopic data are supported for establishment of their structure.
本文报道了微波辐射下KF/Al2O3催化烯酮与尿素无溶剂环化，合成了13种4-(6 -甲氧基-2-萘基)-5,6-二氢-6(取代苯基)- 4 h -1,3-恶嗪-2-胺类不饱和的1,3-恶嗪-2-胺类化合物。合成的恶嗪的产率大于85%。通过将催化剂用量从0.05 g增加到0.25g，研究了该催化剂在查尔酮和尿素分步环化反应中的催化活性。该环化反应的最佳催化剂用量为0.2 g。采用常规加热方法和微波辐照技术研究了溶剂对环化反应的影响。相比之下，微波辅助无溶剂法的产物收率更高。本研究还对取代基的影响进行了研究。供电子取代查尔酮的产率高于吸电子取代查尔酮。该合成方法操作简单，无危害，反应时间短，反应环境友好，收率高。物理常数、分析和光谱数据为建立它们的结构提供了支持。
{"title":"Aryl α, β-Unsaturated Ketones as Efficient Precursor for Synthesis of Unsaturated 1,3-oxazine-2-amines under Solvent-free Conditions","authors":"G. Thirunarayanan","doi":"10.12983/IJSRK-2013-P580-596","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12983/IJSRK-2013-P580-596","url":null,"abstract":"Present study describes the efficient synthesis of some unsaturated 1,3-oxazine-2-amines including thirteen 4-(6methoxy-2-naphthyl)-5,6-dihydro-6(substituted phenyl)4 H-1,3-oxazine-2-amines by KF/Al2O3 catalysed solvent-free cyclization of enones with urea under microwave irradiation. The yields of the synthesized oxazines are more than 85%. The catalytic activity of this catalyst was studied by increasing the catalyst quantity from 0.05 to 0.25g in the step-wise cyclization of chalcone and urea. The optimum quantity of the catalyst for this cyclization will be found to be 0.2 g. The effect of solvent on the cyclization reaction was studied with conventional heating method and microwave irradiation technique. Comparatively, the microwave assisted solvent-free method gave more yields of the product. In this study, the effect of substituents also studied. The electron donating substituted chalcones gave more yield than electron-withdrawing substituted chalcones. This synthetic methodoly offers easy work-up procedure, non-hazardousness, shorter reaction time, environmentally benign reaction and better yield. The physical constants, analytical and spectroscopic data are supported for establishment of their structure.","PeriodicalId":14310,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Scientific Research in Knowledge","volume":"450 1","pages":"580-596"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77750617","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-12-01DOI: 10.12983/IJSRK-2013-P570-579
A. Khaki, Seyyed Hossein Sadati Baladehi, T. Akbari, A. Enayati
With the increase of traffic and consequently, the loads applied on the roads, the need for a more durable pavement is of special significance. Therefore, the researchers have been seeking for ways to improve the functional properties of bitumen and asphalt mixtures. For this reason, different materials have been used to modify these properties. Polymers are divided into three general groups including elastomers, plastomers and elasto-plastomers. Styrene-Butadiene-Styrene (SBS) is one of the most applicable polymers. In this study the polymer "Lucobit" that is a polyolefin, has been used to modify the bitumen properties. Using of this polymer has improved both the classic (softening point, penetration, and so on) and performance (Fatigue parameter, Storage Modulus, Damping Factor) properties of bitumen in comparison to the standard bitumen. In addition, the influence of this polymer on the asphalt mixture has been investigated. The results show that the use of this polymer improves Marshall Stability, indirect tension, shear modulus, and the rutting in the wheel track of asphalt mixtures
{"title":"The Investigation of the Impact of Lucobit Polymer on Bitumen Performance","authors":"A. Khaki, Seyyed Hossein Sadati Baladehi, T. Akbari, A. Enayati","doi":"10.12983/IJSRK-2013-P570-579","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12983/IJSRK-2013-P570-579","url":null,"abstract":"With the increase of traffic and consequently, the loads applied on the roads, the need for a more durable pavement is of special significance. Therefore, the researchers have been seeking for ways to improve the functional properties of bitumen and asphalt mixtures. For this reason, different materials have been used to modify these properties. Polymers are divided into three general groups including elastomers, plastomers and elasto-plastomers. Styrene-Butadiene-Styrene (SBS) is one of the most applicable polymers. In this study the polymer \"Lucobit\" that is a polyolefin, has been used to modify the bitumen properties. Using of this polymer has improved both the classic (softening point, penetration, and so on) and performance (Fatigue parameter, Storage Modulus, Damping Factor) properties of bitumen in comparison to the standard bitumen. In addition, the influence of this polymer on the asphalt mixture has been investigated. The results show that the use of this polymer improves Marshall Stability, indirect tension, shear modulus, and the rutting in the wheel track of asphalt mixtures","PeriodicalId":14310,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Scientific Research in Knowledge","volume":"98 3 1","pages":"570-579"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81284620","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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