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Spectrophotometric Method for Determination of Five 1,4-Dihydropyridine Drugs Using N-Bromosuccinimide and Indigo Carmine Dye 用n -溴丁二酰亚胺和靛胭脂红染料分光光度法测定5种1,4-二氢吡啶类药物
Pub Date : 2013-08-22 DOI: 10.1155/2013/243059
M. Hamd, S. M. Derayea, O. Abdelmageed, H. Askal
Indirect spectrophotometric method is described for quantification of five of 1,4-dihydropyridine (1,4-DHP) drugs using N-bromosuccinimide (NBS) with the aid of indigo carmine (INC) dye. The method is based on addition of known excess of NBS to an acidified solution of 1,4-DHP drugs and determining the residual of NBS through its ability to bleach the colour of the used dye; the amount of NBS that reacted corresponded to the amount of drugs. Beer’s law is obeyed in the concentration range 1.25–13.00 μg/mL. Good correlation coefficients (0.998-0.999) were found between the absorbance values and the corresponding concentrations. Limits of detections ranged from 0.141 to 0.500 μg/mL. The proposed method was successfully applied to the analysis of dosage forms; percent of recoveries ranged from 97.31 to 99.46% without interference from any common excipients. The statistical comparison by Student’s t-test and variance ratio F-test showed no significant difference between the proposed and official or reported methods.
用n -溴琥珀酰亚胺(NBS)和靛蓝胭脂红(INC)染料间接分光光度法测定了5种1,4-二氢吡啶(1,4- dhp)药物。该方法是将已知过量的NBS添加到1,4- dhp药物的酸化溶液中,并通过NBS漂白所用染料颜色的能力来确定NBS的残留量;反应的NBS的数量与药物的数量相对应。在1.25 ~ 13.00 μg/mL浓度范围内符合Beer定律。吸光度值与相应浓度呈良好的相关系数(0.998 ~ 0.999)。检出限为0.141 ~ 0.500 μg/mL。该方法成功地应用于剂型分析;加样回收率为97.31% ~ 99.46%,无常见辅料干扰。经学生t检验和方差比f检验的统计比较表明,本文提出的方法与官方或报道的方法无显著差异。
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引用次数: 9
Orientation and Optical Polarized Spectra (380–900 nm) of Methylene Blue Crystals on a Glass Surface 玻璃表面亚甲基蓝晶体的取向和偏振光谱(380-900 nm)
Pub Date : 2013-07-23 DOI: 10.1155/2013/923739
M. Milošević, M. Logar, A. V. Poharc-Logar, N. Jaksic
The crystallographic directions of the crystal toward the vector of polarized light can accurately be positioned, so the information that we gain from polarized spectra can be consistently interpreted according to known crystal structure. The orientation and optical properties of the methylene blue (MB) crystals were analyzed by XRD, XRPD, and polarized VIS-NIR spectroscopy. Cationic dye, MB, was polymerized into crystals on a glass slate. The blue color crystals showed pronounced dichroism, twin lamellar structure and bladed to fibrous habit. According to XRD data, [010] direction lies perpendicular to the crystal surface, so we recognized it as (0k0) face, while [100] and [001] directions coincide with crystal elongation and crystal thickness respectively. In this paper, the polarized spectra of MB crystal are presented, measured with the aim of acquisition of referent values, which could be helpful for the identification of MB molecular aggregation.
可以准确定位晶体的偏振光方向,从而根据已知的晶体结构一致地解释从偏振光谱中获得的信息。采用XRD、XRPD和偏振VIS-NIR分析了亚甲基蓝(MB)晶体的取向和光学性质。阳离子染料MB在玻璃板岩上聚合成晶体。蓝色晶体具有明显的二色性,双片层结构,叶片状至纤维状。根据XRD数据,[010]方向与晶体表面垂直,因此我们将其识别为(0k0)面,而[100]和[001]方向分别与晶体伸长和晶体厚度重合。本文给出了MB晶体的偏振光谱,并对其进行了测量,以期获得参考值,从而为鉴定MB分子聚集提供参考。
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引用次数: 21
Development and Validation of First-Order Derivative Spectrophotometry for Simultaneous Determination of Levocetirizine Dihydrochloride and Phenylephrine Hydrochloride in Pharmaceutical Dosage Form 一阶导数分光光度法同时测定药物剂型中盐酸左西替利嗪和盐酸苯肾上腺素含量的建立与验证
Pub Date : 2013-07-18 DOI: 10.1155/2013/502310
K. Parmar, S. Baldania, D. Shah, U. Chhalotiya, N. Parmar
A simple, precise, accurate, and economical spectrophotometric method has been developed for simultaneous estimation of levocetirizine dihydrochloride (LCT) and phenylephrine hydrochloride (PHE) by employing first-order derivative spectrophotometric method. The first-order derivative absorption at 240 nm (zero crossing point of PHE) was used for quantification of LCT and 283.2 nm (zero crossing point of LCT) for quantification of PHE. The linearity was established over the concentration range of 4–24 μg/mL and 8–48 μg/mL for LCT and PHE with correlation coefficients () 0.9964 and 0.9972, respectively. The mean % recoveries were found to be in the range of 99.14%–100.43% for LCT and 98.73%–100.83% for PHE. The proposed method has been validated as per ICH guideline and successfully applied for the simultaneous estimation of LCT and PHE in combined tablet dosage form.
建立了一阶导数分光光度法同时测定盐酸左西替利嗪(LCT)和盐酸苯肾上腺素(PHE)的简便、准确、经济的方法。在240 nm处(PHE的零交叉点)的一阶导数吸收用于LCT的定量,283.2 nm处(LCT的零交叉点)用于PHE的定量。LCT和PHE在4 ~ 24 μg/mL和8 ~ 48 μg/mL浓度范围内呈线性关系,相关系数分别为0.9964和0.9972。LCT的平均回收率为99.14% ~ 100.43%,PHE的平均回收率为98.73% ~ 100.83%。该方法已按照ICH指南进行了验证,并成功应用于复方片剂中LCT和PHE的同时测定。
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引用次数: 7
Line Intensity Measurements of the Band of Ethylene (12C2H4) 乙烯(12C2H4)谱带线强度的测定
Pub Date : 2013-07-10 DOI: 10.1155/2013/492092
G. Lebron, T. L. Tan
From the four high-resolution FTIR absorbance spectra recorded at a spectral resolution of 0.0063 cm−1, 123 line intensities belonging to the band of 12C2H4 were measured and fit. The upper state rovibrational constants up to sextic terms determined using a Watson's -reduced Hamiltonian model in representation were used to calculate the line intensities of the band. Results of the experimental fit of the line intensities agree well with those obtained by calculations.
从光谱分辨率为0.0063 cm−1的四个高分辨率FTIR吸光度光谱中,测量并拟合了123个属于12C2H4波段的谱线强度。使用沃森-简化哈密顿模型确定的最高状态旋转振动常数表示,用于计算带的线强度。线强度的实验拟合结果与计算结果吻合较好。
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引用次数: 3
Plasma Wind Tunnel Investigation of European Ablators in Nitrogen/Methane Using Emission Spectroscopy 利用发射光谱技术研究欧洲氮/甲烷烧蚀器的等离子体风洞
Pub Date : 2013-06-20 DOI: 10.1155/2013/764321
R. Wernitz, C. Eichhorn, T. Marynowski, G. Herdrich
For atmospheric reentries at high enthalpies ablative heat shield materials are used, such as those for probes entering the atmosphere of Saturn’s moon Titan, such as Cassini-Huygens in December, 2004. The characterization of such materials in a nitrogen/methane atmosphere is of interest. A European ablative material, AQ60, has been investigated in plasma wind tunnel tests at the IRS plasma wind tunnel PWK1 using the magnetoplasma dynamic generator RD5 as plasma source in a nitrogen/methane atmosphere. The dimensions of the samples are 45 mm in length with a diameter of 39 mm. The actual ablator has a thickness of 40 mm. The ablator is mounted on an aluminium substructure. The experiments were conducted at two different heat flux regimes, 1.4 MW/m2 and 0.3 MW/m2. In this paper, results of emission spectroscopy at these plasma conditions in terms of plasma species’ temperatures will be presented, including the investigation of the free-stream species, N2 and , and the major erosion product C2, at a wavelength range around 500 nm–600 nm.
对于以高焓再入大气层的情况,使用烧蚀隔热材料,例如进入土星卫星土卫六大气层的探测器,如2004年12月的卡西尼-惠更斯号。这类材料在氮/甲烷大气中的表征是令人感兴趣的。采用磁等离子体动态发生器RD5作为等离子体源,在氮气/甲烷大气中,在IRS等离子体风洞PWK1上对一种欧洲烧蚀材料AQ60进行了等离子体风洞试验。样品的尺寸为长45mm,直径39mm。实际的烧蚀器厚度为40mm。烧蚀器安装在铝制底座上。实验在1.4 MW/m2和0.3 MW/m2两种不同的热流密度下进行。本文将介绍这些等离子体条件下等离子体物质温度的发射光谱结果,包括对自由流物质N2和主要侵蚀产物C2的研究,波长范围约为500 nm - 600 nm。
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引用次数: 11
Study of the Halogen Bonding between Pyridine and Perfluoroalkyl Iodide in Solution Phase Using the Combination of FTIR and 19F NMR 用FTIR和19F NMR结合研究吡啶与全氟烷基碘化物在溶液中的卤素键
Pub Date : 2013-06-11 DOI: 10.1155/2013/216518
Briauna Hawthorne, Haiyan Fan-Hagenstein, Elizabeth D. Wood, Jessica M. Smith, T. Hanks
Halogen bonding between pyridine and heptafluoro-2-iodopropane (iso-C3F7I)/heptafluoro-1-iodopropane (1-C3F7I) was studied using a combination of FTIR and 19F NMR. The ring breathing vibration of pyridine underwent a blue shift upon the formation of halogen bonds with both iso-C3F7I and 1-C3F7I. The magnitudes of the shifts and the equilibrium constants for the halogen-bonded complex formation were found to depend not only on the structure of the halocarbon, but also on the solvent. The halogen bond also affected the Cα-F (C-F bond on the center carbon) bending and stretching vibrations in iso-C3F7I. These spectroscopic effects show some solvent dependence, but more importantly, they suggest the possibility of intermolecular halogen bonding among iso-C3F7I molecules. The systems were also examined by 19F NMR in various solvents (cyclohexane, hexane, chloroform, acetone, and acetonitrile). NMR dilution experiments support the existence of the intermolecular self-halogen bonding in both iso-C3F7I and 1-C3F7I. The binding constants for the pyridine/perfluoroalkyl iodide halogen bonding complexes formed in various solvents were obtained through NMR titration experiments. Quantum chemical calculations were used to support the FTIR and 19F NMR observations.
采用傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)和19F核磁共振相结合的方法研究了吡啶与七氟-2-碘丙烷(iso-C3F7I)/七氟-1-碘丙烷(1-C3F7I)之间的卤素键合。吡啶的环呼吸振动在与iso-C3F7I和1-C3F7I形成卤素键时发生蓝移。位移的大小和形成卤素键配合物的平衡常数不仅与卤碳的结构有关,而且与溶剂有关。卤素键还影响了c - α- f(中心碳上的C-F键)在iso-C3F7I中的弯曲和拉伸振动。这些光谱效应显示了一定的溶剂依赖性,但更重要的是,它们提示了iso-C3F7I分子间存在卤素键的可能性。在不同溶剂(环己烷、己烷、氯仿、丙酮和乙腈)中,用19F NMR对体系进行了检测。核磁共振稀释实验支持iso-C3F7I和1-C3F7I分子间自卤素键的存在。通过核磁共振滴定实验,得到了吡啶/全氟烷基碘化物卤素键配合物在不同溶剂下的结合常数。量子化学计算被用来支持FTIR和19F核磁共振观测。
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引用次数: 29
Crystal Defects and Cation Redistribution Study on Nanocrystalline Cobalt-Ferri-Chromites by Positron Annihilation Spectroscopy 用正电子湮没光谱研究纳米钴铁铬铁矿的晶体缺陷和阳离子重分布
Pub Date : 2013-06-11 DOI: 10.1155/2013/272846
K. Modi, N. H. Vasoya, V. Lakhani, T. K. Pathak, P. Nambissan
Positron lifetime and Doppler broadening measurements were carried out on nanocrystalline (grain size ~60–65 nm) samples of the Cr3
对Cr3纳米晶(粒径~60 ~ 65 nm)样品进行了正电子寿命和多普勒展宽测量
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引用次数: 9
Smoothed Linear Modeling for Smooth Spectral Data 平滑光谱数据的平滑线性建模
Pub Date : 2013-06-06 DOI: 10.1155/2013/604548
D. Hawkins, Edgard M. Maboudou-Tchao
Classification and prediction problems using spectral data lead to high-dimensional data sets. Spectral data are, however, different from most other high-dimensional data sets in that information usually varies smoothly with wavelength, suggesting that fitted models should also vary smoothly with wavelength. Functional data analysis, widely used in the analysis of spectral data, meets this objective by changing perspective from the raw spectra to approximations using smooth basis functions. This paper explores linear regression and linear discriminant analysis fitted directly to the spectral data, imposing penalties on the values and roughness of the fitted coefficients, and shows by example that this can lead to better fits than existing standard methodologies.
使用光谱数据的分类和预测问题导致高维数据集。然而,光谱数据不同于大多数其他高维数据集,因为信息通常随波长平滑变化,这表明拟合模型也应随波长平滑变化。泛函数据分析广泛应用于光谱数据分析,通过将原始光谱的视角转变为使用光滑基函数的近似来实现这一目标。本文探讨了直接拟合光谱数据的线性回归和线性判别分析,对拟合系数的值和粗糙度施加惩罚,并通过实例表明,这可以比现有的标准方法更好地拟合。
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引用次数: 9
Carbon Dioxide Capture from Ambient Air Using Amine-Grafted Mesoporous Adsorbents 利用胺接枝介孔吸附剂从环境空气中捕集二氧化碳
Pub Date : 2013-04-28 DOI: 10.1155/2013/690186
A. Wagner, B. Steen, G. Johansson, E. Zanghellini, P. Jacobsson, P. Johansson
Anthropogenic emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2) have been identified as a major contributor to climate change. An attractive approach to tackle the increasing levels of CO2 in the atmosphere is direct extraction via absorption of CO2 from ambient air, to be subsequently desorbed and processed under controlled conditions. The feasibility of this approach depends on the sorbent material that should combine a long lifetime with nontoxicity, high selectivity for CO2, and favorable thermodynamic cycling properties. Adsorbents based on pore-expanded mesoporous silica grafted with amines have previously been found to combine high CO2 adsorption capacity at low partial pressures with operational stability under highly defined laboratory conditions. Here we examine the real potential and functionality of these materials by using more realistic conditions using both pure CO2, synthetic air, and, most importantly, ambient air. Through a combination of thermogravimetric analysis and Fourier transform infrared (TGA-FTIR) spectroscopy we address the primary functionality and by diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform (DRIFT) spectroscopy the observed degradation of the material on a molecular level.
人为排放的二氧化碳(CO2)已被确定为气候变化的主要因素。解决大气中不断增加的二氧化碳水平的一个有吸引力的方法是通过吸收周围空气中的二氧化碳直接提取,随后在受控条件下解吸和处理。这种方法的可行性取决于吸附剂材料,该材料应结合使用寿命长、无毒、对二氧化碳的高选择性和有利的热力学循环特性。先前已经发现,基于胺接枝的扩孔介孔二氧化硅的吸附剂在低分压下具有高的CO2吸附能力,并且在高度确定的实验室条件下具有操作稳定性。在这里,我们通过使用更现实的条件,包括纯二氧化碳、合成空气,以及最重要的环境空气,来检验这些材料的真正潜力和功能。通过热重分析和傅里叶变换红外(TGA-FTIR)光谱的结合,我们解决了主要功能,并通过漫反射红外傅里叶变换(DRIFT)光谱在分子水平上观察到材料的降解。
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引用次数: 35
Identification of LDPE Grades Focusing on Specific CH2 Raman Vibration Modes 聚焦于特定CH2拉曼振动模式的LDPE等级识别
Pub Date : 2013-04-15 DOI: 10.1155/2013/720598
R. Jumeau, P. Bourson, M. Ferriol, F. Lahure, M. Ponçot, A. Dahoun
The possibilities of applications of vibrational spectroscopy techniques (Raman spectroscopy) in the analysis and characterization of polymers are more and more used and accurate. In this paper, our purpose is to characterize Low Density Poly(Ethylene) (LDPE) grades by Raman spectroscopy and in particular with CH2 Raman vibration modes. With temperature measurements, we determine different amorphous and crystalline Raman assignments. From these results and on the basis of the evolution of CH2 bending Raman vibration modes, we develop a phenomenological model in correlation with Differential Scanning Calorimetry and in particular with crystalline lamella thickness determination.
振动光谱技术(拉曼光谱)在聚合物分析和表征中的应用越来越广泛和准确。在本文中,我们的目的是通过拉曼光谱,特别是CH2拉曼振动模式来表征低密度聚乙烯(LDPE)等级。通过温度测量,我们确定了不同的非晶和晶体拉曼分配。根据这些结果和CH2弯曲拉曼振动模式的演变,我们建立了一个与差示扫描量热法相关的现象模型,特别是与晶片厚度测定相关的模型。
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引用次数: 3
期刊
International Journal of Spectroscopy
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