Pub Date : 2024-01-01Epub Date: 2023-08-24DOI: 10.1080/08830185.2023.2249525
Shihao Duan, Yubin Cao, Pingrun Chen, Yi Yang, Yan Zhang
Regulatory T cells (Tregs) play an important immunosuppressive role in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). However, findings on the quantitative and functional changes of intestinal and circulating Tregs in patients with IBD are rather contradictory. We therefore conducted a meta-analysis on this issue. The pooled effect was assessed using the standardized mean difference (SMD) with a 95% confidence interval (CI), and subgroup analyses were performed to investigate heterogeneity. This analysis included 764 IBD (402 UC and 362 CD) patients and 341 healthy controls (HCs) pooled from 17 eligible studies. The percentage of circulating Tregs was significantly decreased in active IBD patients compared to HCs (SMD = -0.95, p < 0.001) and inactive IBD patients (SMD = -0.80, p < 0.001). There was no difference in the percentage of circulating Tregs between inactive IBD patients and HCs. The suppressive function of circulating Tregs was impaired in active IBD patients according to limited data (SMD = -0.75, p = 0.02). Besides, the percentage of intestinal Tregs was significantly higher in inflamed regions than in non-inflamed regions (SMD = 0.85, p < 0.001). Our study quantitatively summarized the quantitative and functional changes of Tregs and supported the therapeutic potential of Tregs in IBD. Moreover, additional research into the functions and characteristics of intestinal Tregs in IBD is needed.
{"title":"Circulating and intestinal regulatory T cells in inflammatory bowel disease: A systemic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Shihao Duan, Yubin Cao, Pingrun Chen, Yi Yang, Yan Zhang","doi":"10.1080/08830185.2023.2249525","DOIUrl":"10.1080/08830185.2023.2249525","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Regulatory T cells (Tregs) play an important immunosuppressive role in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). However, findings on the quantitative and functional changes of intestinal and circulating Tregs in patients with IBD are rather contradictory. We therefore conducted a meta-analysis on this issue. The pooled effect was assessed using the standardized mean difference (SMD) with a 95% confidence interval (CI), and subgroup analyses were performed to investigate heterogeneity. This analysis included 764 IBD (402 UC and 362 CD) patients and 341 healthy controls (HCs) pooled from 17 eligible studies. The percentage of circulating Tregs was significantly decreased in active IBD patients compared to HCs (SMD = -0.95, <i>p</i> < 0.001) and inactive IBD patients (SMD = -0.80, <i>p</i> < 0.001). There was no difference in the percentage of circulating Tregs between inactive IBD patients and HCs. The suppressive function of circulating Tregs was impaired in active IBD patients according to limited data (SMD = -0.75, <i>p</i> = 0.02). Besides, the percentage of intestinal Tregs was significantly higher in inflamed regions than in non-inflamed regions (SMD = 0.85, <i>p</i> < 0.001). Our study quantitatively summarized the quantitative and functional changes of Tregs and supported the therapeutic potential of Tregs in IBD. Moreover, additional research into the functions and characteristics of intestinal Tregs in IBD is needed.</p>","PeriodicalId":14333,"journal":{"name":"International Reviews of Immunology","volume":" ","pages":"83-94"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10435129","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-01Epub Date: 2024-02-12DOI: 10.1080/08830185.2024.2312294
Murad Khan, Suleman Shah, Wahid Shah, Ikram Khan, Hamid Ali, Ijaz Ali, Riaz Ullah, Xiufang Wang, Arshad Mehmood, Yanli Wang
Background: The gut microbiome plays a role in the development and progression of colorectal cancer (CRC).
Aim and objective: This review focuses on whether the gut microbiome is involved in the development and regulation of the host immune system.
Methods: The gut microbiome can influence the production and activity of immune cells and molecules that help to maintain the integrity of the intestinal barrier and prevent inflammation. Gut microbiota modulates the anti-cancer immune response. The gut microbiota can influence the function of immune cells, like T cells, that recognize and eliminate cancer cells. Gut microbiota can affect various aspects of cancer progression and the efficacy of various anti-cancer treatments.
Results: Gut microbiota provide promise as a potential biomarker to identify the effect of immunotherapy and as a target for modulation to improve the efficacy of immunotherapy in CRC treatment.
Conclusion: The potential synergistic effect between the gut microbiome and anti-cancer treatment modalities provides an interest in developing strategies to modulate the gut microbiome to improve the efficacy of anti-cancer treatment.
背景:肠道微生物组在结肠直肠癌(CRC)的发生和发展过程中发挥着作用:本综述重点探讨肠道微生物组是否参与宿主免疫系统的发育和调节:肠道微生物群可影响免疫细胞和分子的产生与活性,从而帮助维持肠道屏障的完整性并预防炎症。肠道微生物群调节抗癌免疫反应。肠道微生物群能影响免疫细胞(如 T 细胞)的功能,而 T 细胞能识别并消灭癌细胞。肠道微生物群可影响癌症进展的各个方面以及各种抗癌疗法的疗效:结果:肠道微生物群有望成为识别免疫疗法效果的潜在生物标志物,也有望成为提高免疫疗法在 CRC 治疗中疗效的调节靶点:结论:肠道微生物群与抗癌治疗方法之间的潜在协同作用,为制定调节肠道微生物群的策略以提高抗癌治疗效果提供了兴趣所在。
{"title":"Gut microbiome as a treatment in colorectal cancer.","authors":"Murad Khan, Suleman Shah, Wahid Shah, Ikram Khan, Hamid Ali, Ijaz Ali, Riaz Ullah, Xiufang Wang, Arshad Mehmood, Yanli Wang","doi":"10.1080/08830185.2024.2312294","DOIUrl":"10.1080/08830185.2024.2312294","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The gut microbiome plays a role in the development and progression of colorectal cancer (CRC).</p><p><strong>Aim and objective: </strong>This review focuses on whether the gut microbiome is involved in the development and regulation of the host immune system.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The gut microbiome can influence the production and activity of immune cells and molecules that help to maintain the integrity of the intestinal barrier and prevent inflammation. Gut microbiota modulates the anti-cancer immune response. The gut microbiota can influence the function of immune cells, like T cells, that recognize and eliminate cancer cells. Gut microbiota can affect various aspects of cancer progression and the efficacy of various anti-cancer treatments.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Gut microbiota provide promise as a potential biomarker to identify the effect of immunotherapy and as a target for modulation to improve the efficacy of immunotherapy in CRC treatment.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The potential synergistic effect between the gut microbiome and anti-cancer treatment modalities provides an interest in developing strategies to modulate the gut microbiome to improve the efficacy of anti-cancer treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":14333,"journal":{"name":"International Reviews of Immunology","volume":" ","pages":"229-247"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139722498","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Chemokines belong to the group of small proteins within the cytokine family having strong chemo-attractant properties. In most cases, the strong immuno-modulatory role of chemokines is crucial for generating the immune response against pathogens in various protozoan diseases. In this review, we have given a brief update on the classification, characterization, homeostasis, transcellular migration, and immuno-modulatory role of chemokines. Here we will evaluate the potential role of chemokines and their regulation in various protozoan diseases. There is a significant direct relationship between parasitic infection and the recruitment of effector cells of the immune response. Chemokines play an indispensable role in mediating several defense mechanisms against infection, such as leukocyte recruitment and the generation of innate and cell-mediated immunity that aids in controlling/eliminating the pathogen. This process is controlled by the chemotactic movement of chemokines induced as a primary host immune response. We have also addressed that chemokine expressions during infection are time-dependent and orchestrated in a systematic pattern that ultimately assists in generating a protective immune response. Taken together, this review provides a systematic understanding of the complexity of chemokines profiles during protozoan disease conditions and the rationale of targeting chemokines for the development of therapeutic strategies.
{"title":"Chemokines: A key driver for inflammation in protozoan infection.","authors":"Rubika Chauhan, Mrinalini Tiwari, Amrendra Chaudhary, Reva Sharan Thakur, Veena Pande, Jyoti Das","doi":"10.1080/08830185.2023.2281566","DOIUrl":"10.1080/08830185.2023.2281566","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Chemokines belong to the group of small proteins within the cytokine family having strong chemo-attractant properties. In most cases, the strong immuno-modulatory role of chemokines is crucial for generating the immune response against pathogens in various protozoan diseases. In this review, we have given a brief update on the classification, characterization, homeostasis, transcellular migration, and immuno-modulatory role of chemokines. Here we will evaluate the potential role of chemokines and their regulation in various protozoan diseases. There is a significant direct relationship between parasitic infection and the recruitment of effector cells of the immune response. Chemokines play an indispensable role in mediating several defense mechanisms against infection, such as leukocyte recruitment and the generation of innate and cell-mediated immunity that aids in controlling/eliminating the pathogen. This process is controlled by the chemotactic movement of chemokines induced as a primary host immune response. We have also addressed that chemokine expressions during infection are time-dependent and orchestrated in a systematic pattern that ultimately assists in generating a protective immune response. Taken together, this review provides a systematic understanding of the complexity of chemokines profiles during protozoan disease conditions and the rationale of targeting chemokines for the development of therapeutic strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":14333,"journal":{"name":"International Reviews of Immunology","volume":" ","pages":"211-228"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138046886","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Autoimmune diseases are characterized by a breakdown of immune tolerance, leading to inflammation and irreversible end-organ tissue damage. Platelet extracellular vesicles are cellular elements that are important in blood circulation and actively participate in inflammatory and immune responses through intercellular communication and interactions between inflammatory cells, immune cells, and their secreted factors. Therefore, platelet extracellular vesicles are the "accelerator" in the pathological process of autoimmune diseases; however, this robust set of functions of platelet extracellular vesicles has also prompted new advances in therapeutic strategies for autoimmune diseases. In this review, we update fundamental mechanisms based on platelet extracellular vesicles communication function in autoimmune diseases. We also focus on the potential role of platelet extracellular vesicles for the treatment of autoimmune diseases. Some recent studies have found that antiplatelet aggregation drugs, specific biological agents can reduce the release of platelet extracellular vesicles. Platelet extracellular vesicles can also serve as vehicles to deliver drugs to targeted cells. It seems that we can try to silence or inhibit microRNA carried by platelet extracellular vesicles transcription and regulate the target cells to treat autoimmune diseases as platelet extracellular vesicles can transfer microRNA to other cells to regulate immune-inflammatory responses. Hopefully, the information presented here will provide hope for patients with autoimmune diseases.
{"title":"Platelet extracellular vesicles: Darkness and light of autoimmune diseases.","authors":"Jingru Chen, Miao Wang, Ying Zhang, Fenglin Zhu, Yanqiu Xu, Guoxiang Yi, Runxiu Zheng, Bin Wu","doi":"10.1080/08830185.2023.2225551","DOIUrl":"10.1080/08830185.2023.2225551","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Autoimmune diseases are characterized by a breakdown of immune tolerance, leading to inflammation and irreversible end-organ tissue damage. Platelet extracellular vesicles are cellular elements that are important in blood circulation and actively participate in inflammatory and immune responses through intercellular communication and interactions between inflammatory cells, immune cells, and their secreted factors. Therefore, platelet extracellular vesicles are the \"accelerator\" in the pathological process of autoimmune diseases; however, this robust set of functions of platelet extracellular vesicles has also prompted new advances in therapeutic strategies for autoimmune diseases. In this review, we update fundamental mechanisms based on platelet extracellular vesicles communication function in autoimmune diseases. We also focus on the potential role of platelet extracellular vesicles for the treatment of autoimmune diseases. Some recent studies have found that antiplatelet aggregation drugs, specific biological agents can reduce the release of platelet extracellular vesicles. Platelet extracellular vesicles can also serve as vehicles to deliver drugs to targeted cells. It seems that we can try to silence or inhibit microRNA carried by platelet extracellular vesicles transcription and regulate the target cells to treat autoimmune diseases as platelet extracellular vesicles can transfer microRNA to other cells to regulate immune-inflammatory responses. Hopefully, the information presented here will provide hope for patients with autoimmune diseases.</p>","PeriodicalId":14333,"journal":{"name":"International Reviews of Immunology","volume":" ","pages":"63-73"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10051307","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is a representative β-herpesvirus that establishes persistent infections in humans, and exhibits high seropositivity rates in adults. It has co-evolved with its human host and employs various strategies to evade antiviral mechanisms by utilizing a significant portion of its genome. HCMV-encoded proteins and miRNAs have been implicated in regulating these mechanisms, enabling viral survival within the human body. During viral infections, autophagy, a conserved catabolic process essential for cellular homeostasis, acts as an antiviral defense mechanism. Multiple studies have reported that HCMV can modulate autophagy through its proteins and miRNAs, thereby influencing its survival within the host. In this study, we showed the potential involvement of HCMV miRNAs in cellular autophagy. We employed various bioinformatic tools to predict putative HCMV miRNAs that target autophagy-related genes and their corresponding cellular autophagy genes. Our results show that the 3'UTR of autophagy-related genes, including ATG9A, ATG9B, ATG16L2, SQSTM1, and EIF2AK2, harbors potential binding sites for hcmv-miR-UL70-3p. Experimental manipulation involving ectopic expression of hcmv-miR-UL70-3p demonstrated a significant reduction in rapamycin-induced autophagy, with ATG9A as its functional target. These findings establish that hcmv-miR-UL70-3p acts as an autophagy inhibitor by suppressing the expression of ATG9A.
{"title":"HCMV miR-UL70-3p downregulates the rapamycin-induced autophagy by targeting the autophagy-related protein 9A (ATG9A).","authors":"Raj Kumar Khalko, Abhishek Pandeya, Sangeeta Saxena, Sunil Babu Gosipatala","doi":"10.1080/08830185.2023.2296488","DOIUrl":"10.1080/08830185.2023.2296488","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is a representative <i>β-herpesvirus</i> that establishes persistent infections in humans, and exhibits high seropositivity rates in adults. It has co-evolved with its human host and employs various strategies to evade antiviral mechanisms by utilizing a significant portion of its genome. HCMV-encoded proteins and miRNAs have been implicated in regulating these mechanisms, enabling viral survival within the human body. During viral infections, autophagy, a conserved catabolic process essential for cellular homeostasis, acts as an antiviral defense mechanism. Multiple studies have reported that HCMV can modulate autophagy through its proteins and miRNAs, thereby influencing its survival within the host. In this study, we showed the potential involvement of HCMV miRNAs in cellular autophagy. We employed various bioinformatic tools to predict putative HCMV miRNAs that target autophagy-related genes and their corresponding cellular autophagy genes. Our results show that the 3'UTR of autophagy-related genes, including ATG9A, ATG9B, ATG16L2, SQSTM1, and EIF2AK2, harbors potential binding sites for hcmv-miR-UL70-3p. Experimental manipulation involving ectopic expression of hcmv-miR-UL70-3p demonstrated a significant reduction in rapamycin-induced autophagy, with ATG9A as its functional target. These findings establish that hcmv-miR-UL70-3p acts as an autophagy inhibitor by suppressing the expression of ATG9A.</p>","PeriodicalId":14333,"journal":{"name":"International Reviews of Immunology","volume":" ","pages":"197-210"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139074015","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-01Epub Date: 2024-03-25DOI: 10.1080/08830185.2024.2333275
Fei Gao, Xiaoqing You, Liu Yang, Xiangni Zou, Bowen Sui
The immune system has a substantial impact on the growth and expansion of lung malignancies. Immune cells are encompassed by a stroma comprising an extracellular matrix (ECM) and different cells like stromal cells, which are known as the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME). TME is marked by the presence of immunosuppressive factors, which inhibit the function of immune cells and expand tumor growth. In recent years, numerous strategies and adjuvants have been developed to extend immune responses in the TIME, to improve the efficacy of immunotherapy. In this comprehensive review, we outline the present knowledge of immune evasion mechanisms in lung TIME, explain the biology of immune cells and diverse effectors on these components, and discuss various approaches for overcoming suppressive barriers. We highlight the potential of novel adjuvants, including toll-like receptor (TLR) agonists, cytokines, phytochemicals, nanocarriers, and oncolytic viruses, for enhancing immune responses in the TME. Ultimately, we provide a summary of ongoing clinical trials investigating these strategies and adjuvants in lung cancer patients. This review also provides a broad overview of the current state-of-the-art in boosting immune responses in the TIME and highlights the potential of these approaches for improving outcomes in lung cancer patients.
免疫系统对肺部恶性肿瘤的生长和扩展有重大影响。免疫细胞被由细胞外基质(ECM)和不同细胞(如基质细胞)组成的基质所包围,这种基质被称为肿瘤免疫微环境(TIME)。肿瘤免疫微环境的特点是存在免疫抑制因子,这些因子会抑制免疫细胞的功能并扩大肿瘤的生长。近年来,人们开发了许多策略和佐剂来扩大 TIME 中的免疫反应,从而提高免疫疗法的疗效。在这篇综述中,我们概述了目前对肺TIME中免疫逃避机制的认识,解释了免疫细胞的生物学特性以及这些成分上的各种效应物,并讨论了克服抑制性障碍的各种方法。我们强调了新型佐剂的潜力,包括收费样受体(TLR)激动剂、细胞因子、植物化学物质、纳米载体和溶瘤病毒,它们可以增强 TME 中的免疫反应。最后,我们总结了正在进行的研究这些策略和肺癌患者辅助剂的临床试验。这篇综述还概述了目前增强TIME免疫反应的最新技术,并强调了这些方法在改善肺癌患者预后方面的潜力。
{"title":"Boosting immune responses in lung tumor immune microenvironment: A comprehensive review of strategies and adjuvants.","authors":"Fei Gao, Xiaoqing You, Liu Yang, Xiangni Zou, Bowen Sui","doi":"10.1080/08830185.2024.2333275","DOIUrl":"10.1080/08830185.2024.2333275","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The immune system has a substantial impact on the growth and expansion of lung malignancies. Immune cells are encompassed by a stroma comprising an extracellular matrix (ECM) and different cells like stromal cells, which are known as the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME). TME is marked by the presence of immunosuppressive factors, which inhibit the function of immune cells and expand tumor growth. In recent years, numerous strategies and adjuvants have been developed to extend immune responses in the TIME, to improve the efficacy of immunotherapy. In this comprehensive review, we outline the present knowledge of immune evasion mechanisms in lung TIME, explain the biology of immune cells and diverse effectors on these components, and discuss various approaches for overcoming suppressive barriers. We highlight the potential of novel adjuvants, including toll-like receptor (TLR) agonists, cytokines, phytochemicals, nanocarriers, and oncolytic viruses, for enhancing immune responses in the TME. Ultimately, we provide a summary of ongoing clinical trials investigating these strategies and adjuvants in lung cancer patients. This review also provides a broad overview of the current state-of-the-art in boosting immune responses in the TIME and highlights the potential of these approaches for improving outcomes in lung cancer patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":14333,"journal":{"name":"International Reviews of Immunology","volume":" ","pages":"280-308"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140206859","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-01Epub Date: 2024-03-05DOI: 10.1080/08830185.2024.2321901
Tao Zhang, Hongyan Huo, Yinghui Zhang, Jie Tao, Junzheng Yang, Xianglu Rong, Yiqi Yang
Type 17 T helper (Th17) cells, which are a subtype of CD4+ T helper cells, secrete pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-17A, IL-17F, IL-21, IL-22, and GM-CSF, which play crucial roles in immune defence and protection against fungal and extracellular pathogen invasion. However, dysfunction of Th17 cell immunity mediates inflammatory responses and exacerbates tissue damage. This pathological process initiated by Th17 cells is common in kidney diseases associated with renal injury, such as glomerulonephritis, lupus nephritis, IgA nephropathy, hypertensive nephropathy, diabetic kidney disease and acute kidney injury. Therefore, targeting Th17 cells to treat kidney diseases has been a hot topic in recent years. This article reviews the mechanisms of Th17 cell-mediated inflammation and autoimmune responses in kidney diseases and discusses the related clinical drugs that modulate Th17 cell fate in kidney disease treatment.
17 型 T 辅助细胞(Th17)是 CD4+ T 辅助细胞的一种亚型,能分泌促炎细胞因子,如 IL-17A、IL-17F、IL-21、IL-22 和 GM-CSF,在免疫防御和抵御真菌及细胞外病原体入侵方面发挥重要作用。然而,Th17 细胞免疫功能失调会介导炎症反应并加剧组织损伤。在肾小球肾炎、狼疮性肾炎、IgA 肾病、高血压肾病、糖尿病肾病和急性肾损伤等与肾损伤相关的肾脏疾病中,Th17 细胞引发的这一病理过程十分常见。因此,靶向 Th17 细胞治疗肾脏疾病是近年来的热门话题。本文回顾了肾脏疾病中Th17细胞介导的炎症和自身免疫反应的机制,并探讨了调节Th17细胞命运的相关临床药物在肾脏疾病治疗中的应用。
{"title":"Th17 cells: A new target in kidney disease research.","authors":"Tao Zhang, Hongyan Huo, Yinghui Zhang, Jie Tao, Junzheng Yang, Xianglu Rong, Yiqi Yang","doi":"10.1080/08830185.2024.2321901","DOIUrl":"10.1080/08830185.2024.2321901","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Type 17 T helper (Th17) cells, which are a subtype of CD4<sup>+</sup> T helper cells, secrete pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-17A, IL-17F, IL-21, IL-22, and GM-CSF, which play crucial roles in immune defence and protection against fungal and extracellular pathogen invasion. However, dysfunction of Th17 cell immunity mediates inflammatory responses and exacerbates tissue damage. This pathological process initiated by Th17 cells is common in kidney diseases associated with renal injury, such as glomerulonephritis, lupus nephritis, IgA nephropathy, hypertensive nephropathy, diabetic kidney disease and acute kidney injury. Therefore, targeting Th17 cells to treat kidney diseases has been a hot topic in recent years. This article reviews the mechanisms of Th17 cell-mediated inflammation and autoimmune responses in kidney diseases and discusses the related clinical drugs that modulate Th17 cell fate in kidney disease treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":14333,"journal":{"name":"International Reviews of Immunology","volume":" ","pages":"263-279"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140028072","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), an autoimmune condition, presents pregnancy-related risks, impacting maternal and fetal health. The immune cell composition and gene expression profiles in pregnant SLE patients, as well as the molecular mechanisms of active SLE patients during pregnancy, remain unclear. In our study, we enrolled 12 patients: three active SLE individuals (SLE-AT group, SLEDAI > 12, non-pregnant women), three inactive SLE individuals (SLE-NP group, SLEDAI ranging 0 to 6, non-pregnant women), three pregnant women with active SLE (SLE-C group, SLEDAI > 12), and three pregnant women with inactive SLE (SLE-NC group, SLEDAI range 0 to 6 score). Transcriptome analysis of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) was conducted using the 10x Genomics technique. We observed upregulation of genes like CCDC15 and TRBV4-2 in T cells and CMPK2, IFIT1, and OAS2 in monocytes in the SLE-C group. Notably, gene sets related to Cell Cycle and IFN Response showed significant differences between the SLE-C and SLE-NC groups in naïve CD8 T cells. Our comparison of immune cell type ratios and transcriptional patterns between active and inactive SLE during pregnancy sheds light on the single-cell level changes in SLE status during pregnancy, offering insights for future SLE prediction and treatment strategies.
{"title":"Single-cell RNA sequencing of peripheral blood mononuclear cells from pregnant women with Systemic lupus erythematosus.","authors":"Congcong Liu, Zeyang Yu, Yijun Song, Xiaojie Zhang, Jiuliang Zhao, Qian Yu, Mengtao Li, Yuezhen Li, Juntao Liu","doi":"10.1080/08830185.2024.2376649","DOIUrl":"10.1080/08830185.2024.2376649","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), an autoimmune condition, presents pregnancy-related risks, impacting maternal and fetal health. The immune cell composition and gene expression profiles in pregnant SLE patients, as well as the molecular mechanisms of active SLE patients during pregnancy, remain unclear. In our study, we enrolled 12 patients: three active SLE individuals (SLE-AT group, SLEDAI > 12, non-pregnant women), three inactive SLE individuals (SLE-NP group, SLEDAI ranging 0 to 6, non-pregnant women), three pregnant women with active SLE (SLE-C group, SLEDAI > 12), and three pregnant women with inactive SLE (SLE-NC group, SLEDAI range 0 to 6 score). Transcriptome analysis of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) was conducted using the 10x Genomics technique. We observed upregulation of genes like <i>CCDC15</i> and <i>TRBV4-2</i> in T cells and <i>CMPK2, IFIT1</i>, and <i>OAS2</i> in monocytes in the SLE-C group. Notably, gene sets related to Cell Cycle and IFN Response showed significant differences between the SLE-C and SLE-NC groups in naïve CD8 T cells. Our comparison of immune cell type ratios and transcriptional patterns between active and inactive SLE during pregnancy sheds light on the single-cell level changes in SLE status during pregnancy, offering insights for future SLE prediction and treatment strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":14333,"journal":{"name":"International Reviews of Immunology","volume":" ","pages":"381-393"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141766104","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Computational biology involves applying computer science and informatics techniques in biology to understand complex biological data. It allows us to collect, connect, and analyze biological data at a large scale and build predictive models. In the twenty first century, computational resources along with Artificial Intelligence (AI) have been widely used in various fields of biological sciences such as biochemistry, structural biology, immunology, microbiology, and genomics to handle massive data for decision-making, including in applications such as drug design and vaccine development, one of the major areas of focus for human and animal welfare. The knowledge of available computational resources and AI-enabled tools in vaccine design and development can improve our ability to conduct cutting-edge research. Therefore, this review article aims to summarize important computational resources and AI-based tools. Further, the article discusses the various applications and limitations of AI tools in vaccine development.
{"title":"Vaccine design and development: Exploring the interface with computational biology and AI.","authors":"Ananya, Darshan C Panchariya, Anandakrishnan Karthic, Surya Pratap Singh, Ashutosh Mani, Aakash Chawade, Sandeep Kushwaha","doi":"10.1080/08830185.2024.2374546","DOIUrl":"10.1080/08830185.2024.2374546","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Computational biology involves applying computer science and informatics techniques in biology to understand complex biological data. It allows us to collect, connect, and analyze biological data at a large scale and build predictive models. In the twenty first century, computational resources along with Artificial Intelligence (AI) have been widely used in various fields of biological sciences such as biochemistry, structural biology, immunology, microbiology, and genomics to handle massive data for decision-making, including in applications such as drug design and vaccine development, one of the major areas of focus for human and animal welfare. The knowledge of available computational resources and AI-enabled tools in vaccine design and development can improve our ability to conduct cutting-edge research. Therefore, this review article aims to summarize important computational resources and AI-based tools. Further, the article discusses the various applications and limitations of AI tools in vaccine development.</p>","PeriodicalId":14333,"journal":{"name":"International Reviews of Immunology","volume":" ","pages":"361-380"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141563385","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mesenchymal Stromal/Stem Cells (MSCs) are multipotent, non-hematopoietic progenitor cells with a wide range of immune modulation and regenerative potential which qualify them as a potential component of cell-based therapy for various autoimmune/chronic inflammatory ailments. Their immunomodulatory properties include the secretion of immunosuppressive cytokines, the ability to suppress T-cell activation and differentiation, and the induction of regulatory T-cells. Considering this and our interest, we here discuss the significance of MSC for the management of Graft-versus-Host-Disease (GvHD), one of the autoimmune manifestations in human. In pre-clinical models, MSCs have been shown to reduce the severity of GvHD symptoms, including skin and gut damage, which are the most common and debilitating manifestations of this disease. While initial clinical studies of MSCs in GvHD cases were promising, the results were variable in randomized studies. So, further studies are warranted to fully understand their potential benefits, safety profile, and optimal dosing regimens. Owing to these inevitable issues, here we discuss various mechanisms, and how MSCs can be employed in managing GvHD, as a cellular therapeutic approach for this disease.
间充质基质/干细胞(MSCs)是一种多能、非造血祖细胞,具有广泛的免疫调节和再生潜力,是治疗各种自身免疫性/慢性炎症性疾病的细胞疗法的潜在成分。它们的免疫调节特性包括分泌免疫抑制细胞因子、抑制 T 细胞活化和分化的能力以及诱导调节性 T 细胞。考虑到这一点和我们的兴趣,我们在此讨论间充质干细胞对治疗移植物抗宿主疾病(GvHD)(人类自身免疫表现之一)的意义。在临床前模型中,间充质干细胞已被证明能减轻移植物抗宿主病症状的严重程度,包括皮肤和肠道损伤,这也是该病最常见和最令人衰弱的表现。虽然对间叶干细胞治疗风湿性坏死病例的初步临床研究很有希望,但随机研究的结果却不尽相同。因此,有必要开展进一步研究,以充分了解间叶干细胞的潜在益处、安全性和最佳剂量方案。鉴于这些不可避免的问题,我们在此讨论了间充质干细胞的各种机制,以及间充质干细胞如何作为一种细胞治疗方法用于治疗GvHD。
{"title":"Breaking the graft-versus-host-disease barrier: Mesenchymal stromal/stem cells as precision healers.","authors":"Mohini Mendiratta, Meenakshi Mendiratta, Sujata Mohanty, Ranjit Kumar Sahoo, Hridayesh Prakash","doi":"10.1080/08830185.2023.2252007","DOIUrl":"10.1080/08830185.2023.2252007","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Mesenchymal Stromal/Stem Cells (MSCs) are multipotent, non-hematopoietic progenitor cells with a wide range of immune modulation and regenerative potential which qualify them as a potential component of cell-based therapy for various autoimmune/chronic inflammatory ailments. Their immunomodulatory properties include the secretion of immunosuppressive cytokines, the ability to suppress T-cell activation and differentiation, and the induction of regulatory T-cells. Considering this and our interest, we here discuss the significance of MSC for the management of Graft-versus-Host-Disease (GvHD), one of the autoimmune manifestations in human. In pre-clinical models, MSCs have been shown to reduce the severity of GvHD symptoms, including skin and gut damage, which are the most common and debilitating manifestations of this disease. While initial clinical studies of MSCs in GvHD cases were promising, the results were variable in randomized studies. So, further studies are warranted to fully understand their potential benefits, safety profile, and optimal dosing regimens. Owing to these inevitable issues, here we discuss various mechanisms, and how MSCs can be employed in managing GvHD, as a cellular therapeutic approach for this disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":14333,"journal":{"name":"International Reviews of Immunology","volume":" ","pages":"95-112"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10108381","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}