Pub Date : 2021-12-14DOI: 10.9734/ijpss/2021/v33i2430767
Pranaya Pradhan, D. Nayak, Manaswini Mahapatra
The significant constraints in Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) production hampers a bit more than 14% global yield loss due to plant-parasitic nematodes. Root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne sp.) is an endoparasite and a significant species affecting the chickpea plant. So, the chemical basis of management is more cost-effective, and pest resurgence building is enhanced in the pathogen. So, ecological-based nematode management is requisite, which also is got hampered due to breeding for resistance against such plant-parasitic nematodes. This was the primary reason to conduct this experiment to enhance resistance in the chickpea plants based on Zinc uptake by using bioagent, Pseudomonas fluorescens alone or in combination. where Different treatments including nematode, bacterium, and chemicals were used sustaining the enhancement of disease resistance in chickpea cultivars, RSG 974, GG 5, GNG 2144. Zinc content of chickpea variety GNG 2144 was found the highest in treatment, when only bacterium (P. fluorescens) was inoculated, i.e., 3.14 mg/100g of root followed by GG 5, i.e., 2.79 mg/100g of root and RSG 974 was, i.e., 2.35 mg/100g of root respectively in a descending order. Application of P. fluorescence combined or alone gradually increased the Zn concentration in roots of chickpea plants compared to healthy check followed by chemical treated plants.
{"title":"Biochemical Analysis Based on Zinc Uptake of Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) Varieties Infected by Meloidogyne incognita","authors":"Pranaya Pradhan, D. Nayak, Manaswini Mahapatra","doi":"10.9734/ijpss/2021/v33i2430767","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ijpss/2021/v33i2430767","url":null,"abstract":"The significant constraints in Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) production hampers a bit more than 14% global yield loss due to plant-parasitic nematodes. Root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne sp.) is an endoparasite and a significant species affecting the chickpea plant. So, the chemical basis of management is more cost-effective, and pest resurgence building is enhanced in the pathogen. So, ecological-based nematode management is requisite, which also is got hampered due to breeding for resistance against such plant-parasitic nematodes. This was the primary reason to conduct this experiment to enhance resistance in the chickpea plants based on Zinc uptake by using bioagent, Pseudomonas fluorescens alone or in combination. where Different treatments including nematode, bacterium, and chemicals were used sustaining the enhancement of disease resistance in chickpea cultivars, RSG 974, GG 5, GNG 2144. Zinc content of chickpea variety GNG 2144 was found the highest in treatment, when only bacterium (P. fluorescens) was inoculated, i.e., 3.14 mg/100g of root followed by GG 5, i.e., 2.79 mg/100g of root and RSG 974 was, i.e., 2.35 mg/100g of root respectively in a descending order. Application of P. fluorescence combined or alone gradually increased the Zn concentration in roots of chickpea plants compared to healthy check followed by chemical treated plants.","PeriodicalId":14335,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Plant & Soil Science","volume":"41 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78126415","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-14DOI: 10.9734/ijpss/2021/v33i2430773
V. R. Senthamizhkumaran, P. Santhy, D. Selvi, T. Kalaiselvi, K. Sabarinathan
To study the impact of vermicompost, arbuscular mycorrhizae and FYM application on the rice ecosystem at low land, a field experiment was conducted with rice CO(R) 51 at the Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University in Coimbatore during the winter of 2020. The experiment was framed in Randomized Block Design comprising of 8 treatments viz., Recommended Dose of Fertilizer Soil Test Crop Response approach (T1), RDF 75 % + Farm Yard Manure @ 12.5 t ha-1 (T2), T2 + Seed treatment with Azospirillum and Phosphobacteria + Soil application of AM fungi (T3), RDF 75 % + Vermicompost @ 5 t ha-1 (T4), T4 + Seed treatment with Azospirillum and Phosphobacteria + Soil application of AM fungi (T5), FYM @ 12.5 t ha-1 + Seed treatment with Azospirillum and Phosphobacteria + Soil application of AM fungi (T6), Vermicompost @ 5 t ha-1+ Seed treatment with Azospirillum and Phosphobacteria + Soil application of AM fungi (T7) and Absolute control (T8) and replicated thrice. The maximum microbial population were registered in the plots that received integrated nutrient application of RDF 75 % STCR approach + Vermicompost 5 t ha-1 + seed treatment with Azospirillum and Phosphobacteria + Soil application of AM fungi. Rice root architecture has changed significantly as a result of mycorrhizal inoculation. Mycorrhizal rice plants have more root volume, length, and spread than plants without mycorrhizae. Nutrient retention and availability influenced the presence of microbial-mediated metabolic activities and nutrient transformations during crop growth. Bacteria, fungus, and actinomycetes became less abundant as the crop reached harvest. The population density of mycorrhizospheres that utilize both organic and inorganic fertilizers is higher. The treatments that received Vermicompost or FYM with Vesicular Arbuscular Mycorrhizae and Nitrogen, Phosphorous & Potassium fertilizers obtained the highest yields of rice grain and straw (6740 and 7840 kg ha-1) respectively, and it was clear that the combination of Vermicompost or FYM, VAM and along with NPK fertilizers produced significantly higher yields than their individual applications and absolute control.
为研究蚯蚓堆肥、丛集菌根和FYM施用对低洼地水稻生态系统的影响，于2020年冬季在哥印拜陀泰米尔纳德邦农业大学土壤科学与农业化学系以水稻CO(R) 51进行了田间试验。试验采用随机区组设计，包括8个处理，即肥料推荐剂量土壤试验作物反应法(T1)、RDF 75% +农场厩肥@ 12.5 t ha-1 (T2)、T2 +氮螺旋体和磷细菌种子处理+ AM真菌土壤施用(T3)、RDF 75% +蚯蚓堆肥@ 5 t ha-1 (T4)、T4 +氮螺旋体和磷细菌种子处理+ AM真菌土壤施用(T5)。FYM @ 12.5 t hm -1+氮螺旋体和磷细菌种子处理+土壤施用AM真菌(T6)，蚯蚓堆肥@ 5 t hm -1+氮螺旋体和磷细菌种子处理+土壤施用AM真菌(T7)和绝对对照(T8)，重复三次。采用RDF 75% STCR +蚯蚓堆肥5 t hm -1 +固氮螺旋菌和磷细菌种子处理+ AM真菌土壤施用的综合施肥方式，土壤微生物数量最多。接种菌根后，水稻根系结构发生了显著变化。有菌根的水稻植株比没有菌根的植株有更大的根体积、长度和扩展。养分的保留和有效性影响作物生长过程中微生物介导的代谢活动和养分转化的存在。随着作物丰收，细菌、真菌和放线菌数量减少。同时施用有机肥和无机肥的菌根圈种群密度较高。蚯蚓堆肥或FYM配泡状菌根和氮、磷、钾肥处理水稻籽粒和秸秆产量最高(分别为6740和7840 kg hm -1)，蚯蚓堆肥或FYM、VAM配施氮磷钾肥的产量显著高于单独施用和绝对对照。
{"title":"Impact of Organic and Inorganic Sources of Nutrients on Root Architecture, Soil Microbial Biomass and Yield on Low Land Rice Ecosystem","authors":"V. R. Senthamizhkumaran, P. Santhy, D. Selvi, T. Kalaiselvi, K. Sabarinathan","doi":"10.9734/ijpss/2021/v33i2430773","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ijpss/2021/v33i2430773","url":null,"abstract":"To study the impact of vermicompost, arbuscular mycorrhizae and FYM application on the rice ecosystem at low land, a field experiment was conducted with rice CO(R) 51 at the Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University in Coimbatore during the winter of 2020. The experiment was framed in Randomized Block Design comprising of 8 treatments viz., Recommended Dose of Fertilizer Soil Test Crop Response approach (T1), RDF 75 % + Farm Yard Manure @ 12.5 t ha-1 (T2), T2 + Seed treatment with Azospirillum and Phosphobacteria + Soil application of AM fungi (T3), RDF 75 % + Vermicompost @ 5 t ha-1 (T4), T4 + Seed treatment with Azospirillum and Phosphobacteria + Soil application of AM fungi (T5), FYM @ 12.5 t ha-1 + Seed treatment with Azospirillum and Phosphobacteria + Soil application of AM fungi (T6), Vermicompost @ 5 t ha-1+ Seed treatment with Azospirillum and Phosphobacteria + Soil application of AM fungi (T7) and Absolute control (T8) and replicated thrice. The maximum microbial population were registered in the plots that received integrated nutrient application of RDF 75 % STCR approach + Vermicompost 5 t ha-1 + seed treatment with Azospirillum and Phosphobacteria + Soil application of AM fungi. Rice root architecture has changed significantly as a result of mycorrhizal inoculation. Mycorrhizal rice plants have more root volume, length, and spread than plants without mycorrhizae. Nutrient retention and availability influenced the presence of microbial-mediated metabolic activities and nutrient transformations during crop growth. Bacteria, fungus, and actinomycetes became less abundant as the crop reached harvest. The population density of mycorrhizospheres that utilize both organic and inorganic fertilizers is higher. The treatments that received Vermicompost or FYM with Vesicular Arbuscular Mycorrhizae and Nitrogen, Phosphorous & Potassium fertilizers obtained the highest yields of rice grain and straw (6740 and 7840 kg ha-1) respectively, and it was clear that the combination of Vermicompost or FYM, VAM and along with NPK fertilizers produced significantly higher yields than their individual applications and absolute control.","PeriodicalId":14335,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Plant & Soil Science","volume":"57 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73720310","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-14DOI: 10.9734/ijpss/2021/v33i2430769
S. Nayak, D. Balaguravaiah, K. Ramana, T. Giridharakrishna, P. Munirathnam, B. Reddy
A study was undertaken to delineation of spatial variability of soil fertility status in order to prepare soil available nutrient maps for improved productivity in different crops grown in the study area of Kurnool revenue division in Kurnool district of Andhra Pradesh state using remote sensing and GIS techniques. The Knowledge of spatial-variability is critical for site specific nutrient management in soil fertility to obtain higher yields. Soil sample (350) were collected from surface from 350 selected sites for preparing precise digital maps using point, line and polygon tools of the Geographic Information System (GIS) with ArcGIS software 10.3 was used for database creation and for creating the union of various thematic maps. The spatial variability maps were generated and delineated into different zones for N, P and K. Soil available Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium spatial variability values generated from the thematic maps of Kurnool division were used to establish fertilizer recommendations for cotton in kharif and Chickpea in rabi during 2018-19 seasons. The recommended doses of Nitrogen (RDN) that worked for cotton were 401 to 450, 351 to 400, > 450 and < 350 kg ha-1 for the areas with Nitrogen availability of 140 to 210, 210 to 280, <140 and > 280 kg/ha, respectively. The Phosphorous fertilizer recommendation for soils with available P of < 30 kg/ha and > 30 kg/ha was figured out as > 250 kg ha-1 and < 250 kg ha-1, respectively. For soil available Potassium recorded 230 to 560, < 230 and > 560 kg/ha, the K recommendation was figured out as 301 to 400, > 401 and < 300 kg/ha, respectively. Recommended doses of Nitrogen (RDN) was worked out for chickpea were 51 to 75, > 76 and < 50 kg/ha for the areas with available N ranges of 184 to 280, < 184 and > 280 kg/ha, respectively. The Phosphatic fertilizer recommendation for soils of available P of < 23.5 and 23.5 to 40 kg/ha was figured out as > 200 kg/ha and 171 to 200 kg/ha, respectively. For the soil available potassium recorded 253 to 412, 413 to 570, < 253 and > 570 kg/ha, the K recommendation was figured out as 66 to 100, 31 to 65, > 100 and < 30 kg/ha, respectively.
{"title":"Site Specific Nutrient Management Options for Achieving Higher Yields in Cotton and Chickpea under Rainfed Condition","authors":"S. Nayak, D. Balaguravaiah, K. Ramana, T. Giridharakrishna, P. Munirathnam, B. Reddy","doi":"10.9734/ijpss/2021/v33i2430769","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ijpss/2021/v33i2430769","url":null,"abstract":"A study was undertaken to delineation of spatial variability of soil fertility status in order to prepare soil available nutrient maps for improved productivity in different crops grown in the study area of Kurnool revenue division in Kurnool district of Andhra Pradesh state using remote sensing and GIS techniques. The Knowledge of spatial-variability is critical for site specific nutrient management in soil fertility to obtain higher yields. Soil sample (350) were collected from surface from 350 selected sites for preparing precise digital maps using point, line and polygon tools of the Geographic Information System (GIS) with ArcGIS software 10.3 was used for database creation and for creating the union of various thematic maps. The spatial variability maps were generated and delineated into different zones for N, P and K. Soil available Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium spatial variability values generated from the thematic maps of Kurnool division were used to establish fertilizer recommendations for cotton in kharif and Chickpea in rabi during 2018-19 seasons. The recommended doses of Nitrogen (RDN) that worked for cotton were 401 to 450, 351 to 400, > 450 and < 350 kg ha-1 for the areas with Nitrogen availability of 140 to 210, 210 to 280, <140 and > 280 kg/ha, respectively. The Phosphorous fertilizer recommendation for soils with available P of < 30 kg/ha and > 30 kg/ha was figured out as > 250 kg ha-1 and < 250 kg ha-1, respectively. For soil available Potassium recorded 230 to 560, < 230 and > 560 kg/ha, the K recommendation was figured out as 301 to 400, > 401 and < 300 kg/ha, respectively. Recommended doses of Nitrogen (RDN) was worked out for chickpea were 51 to 75, > 76 and < 50 kg/ha for the areas with available N ranges of 184 to 280, < 184 and > 280 kg/ha, respectively. The Phosphatic fertilizer recommendation for soils of available P of < 23.5 and 23.5 to 40 kg/ha was figured out as > 200 kg/ha and 171 to 200 kg/ha, respectively. For the soil available potassium recorded 253 to 412, 413 to 570, < 253 and > 570 kg/ha, the K recommendation was figured out as 66 to 100, 31 to 65, > 100 and < 30 kg/ha, respectively.","PeriodicalId":14335,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Plant & Soil Science","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86938107","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-13DOI: 10.9734/ijpss/2021/v33i2430753
T. Raghunandan, J. Collis, S. Saravanan, K. Barman
The experiment was carried out at Experimental field, Department of Horticulture, Sam Higginbottom Institute of Agriculture Technology and Sciences [formerly known as Allahabad Agriculture Institute Deemed University, AAI-DU] during the Spring season 2014-2015. The experiment consists of Thirteen treatments viz., (T0) Control-RDF (100:120:100 N P K kg ha-1,), (T1) 75% RDF + AZ@ 2.5 kg ha-1,, (T2) 75% RDF + FYM @ 10 ton ha-1, (T3) 75% RDF + VC@ 10 ton ha-1, (T4) 75% RDF + AZ @ 2.5 kg/ha +FYM @ 10 ton ha-1+VC @ 10 ton ha-1, (T5) 50% RDF +AZ@ 2.5 kg ha-1, (T6) 50% RDF + FYM@ 10 ton ha-1, (T7) 50% RDF + VC@ 10 ton ha-1, (T8) 50% RDF + AZ @ 2.5 kg ha-1+FYM @ 10 ton ha-1+VC @ 10 ton ha-1, (T9) 25% RDF + AZ@ 2.5 kg ha-1, (T10) 25% RDF + FYM@ 10 ton ha-1, (T11) 25% RDF + VC@ 10 ton ha-1+, (T12) 25% RDF + AZ @ 2.5 kg ha-1+FYM @ 10 ton ha-1+VC @ 10 ton ha-1. The treatments were replicated thrice in a Randomized Complete Block Design. The results revealed that Plants treated with 75% RDF + AZ @ 2.5 kg/ha +FYM @ 10 t/ha +VC @ 10 t/ha (T4) significantly recorded maximum vegetative and Tuber yield attributes like plant height (91.87 cm), plant spread (92.38 cm), Number of Branches per plant (7.27), number of leaves per plant (26.53), number of tubers per plant (4.80), maximum tuber weight (958.53) and Maximum tuber yield per plant was recorded in T4 (75% RDF + AZ @ 2.5 kg/ha +FYM @ 10 t/ha +VC @ 10 t/ha) (43.33g) followed by T3 (75% RDF + VC @ 10 t/ha) (40.95g).
{"title":"Effect of Integrated Nutrient Management on Plant Growth and Tuber Yield of Dahlia (Dahlia variabilis) cv. Kenya White","authors":"T. Raghunandan, J. Collis, S. Saravanan, K. Barman","doi":"10.9734/ijpss/2021/v33i2430753","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ijpss/2021/v33i2430753","url":null,"abstract":"The experiment was carried out at Experimental field, Department of Horticulture, Sam Higginbottom Institute of Agriculture Technology and Sciences [formerly known as Allahabad Agriculture Institute Deemed University, AAI-DU] during the Spring season 2014-2015. The experiment consists of Thirteen treatments viz., (T0) Control-RDF (100:120:100 N P K kg ha-1,), (T1) 75% RDF + AZ@ 2.5 kg ha-1,, (T2) 75% RDF + FYM @ 10 ton ha-1, (T3) 75% RDF + VC@ 10 ton ha-1, (T4) 75% RDF + AZ @ 2.5 kg/ha +FYM @ 10 ton ha-1+VC @ 10 ton ha-1, (T5) 50% RDF +AZ@ 2.5 kg ha-1, (T6) 50% RDF + FYM@ 10 ton ha-1, (T7) 50% RDF + VC@ 10 ton ha-1, (T8) 50% RDF + AZ @ 2.5 kg ha-1+FYM @ 10 ton ha-1+VC @ 10 ton ha-1, (T9) 25% RDF + AZ@ 2.5 kg ha-1, (T10) 25% RDF + FYM@ 10 ton ha-1, (T11) 25% RDF + VC@ 10 ton ha-1+, (T12) 25% RDF + AZ @ 2.5 kg ha-1+FYM @ 10 ton ha-1+VC @ 10 ton ha-1. The treatments were replicated thrice in a Randomized Complete Block Design. The results revealed that Plants treated with 75% RDF + AZ @ 2.5 kg/ha +FYM @ 10 t/ha +VC @ 10 t/ha (T4) significantly recorded maximum vegetative and Tuber yield attributes like plant height (91.87 cm), plant spread (92.38 cm), Number of Branches per plant (7.27), number of leaves per plant (26.53), number of tubers per plant (4.80), maximum tuber weight (958.53) and Maximum tuber yield per plant was recorded in T4 (75% RDF + AZ @ 2.5 kg/ha +FYM @ 10 t/ha +VC @ 10 t/ha) (43.33g) followed by T3 (75% RDF + VC @ 10 t/ha) (40.95g).","PeriodicalId":14335,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Plant & Soil Science","volume":"51 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91361292","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-13DOI: 10.9734/ijpss/2021/v33i2430752
S. Shahir
Liquid foods are sensitive to temperature and concentration by conventional methods results in product deterioration. Alternative processes, such as freeze concentration, have the drawback with respect to the maximum achievable concentration (only up to 40 to 45°Brix). In recent years membrane processes such as Microfiltration, Ultrafiltration and reverse osmosis are gaining importance for the concentration of liquid foods. Since heat is not involved in this process, it is also called Alternate thermal processing technique. This process can be employed as a pre-concentration step to reduce water load on subsequent processing steps and can be easily scaled up. Liquid foods such as fruit juices are of high nutritive value as they are naturally enriched with minerals, vitamins and other beneficial components required for human health. When extracted from their sources fruit juices have low solid content, color strength and high-water load. Recent advances and developments in this membrane processing used for the concentration of liquid foods are discussed here.
{"title":"Alternative Thermal Processing Technique for Liquid Foods-membrane Processing","authors":"S. Shahir","doi":"10.9734/ijpss/2021/v33i2430752","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ijpss/2021/v33i2430752","url":null,"abstract":"Liquid foods are sensitive to temperature and concentration by conventional methods results in product deterioration. Alternative processes, such as freeze concentration, have the drawback with respect to the maximum achievable concentration (only up to 40 to 45°Brix). In recent years membrane processes such as Microfiltration, Ultrafiltration and reverse osmosis are gaining importance for the concentration of liquid foods. Since heat is not involved in this process, it is also called Alternate thermal processing technique. This process can be employed as a pre-concentration step to reduce water load on subsequent processing steps and can be easily scaled up. Liquid foods such as fruit juices are of high nutritive value as they are naturally enriched with minerals, vitamins and other beneficial components required for human health. When extracted from their sources fruit juices have low solid content, color strength and high-water load. Recent advances and developments in this membrane processing used for the concentration of liquid foods are discussed here.","PeriodicalId":14335,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Plant & Soil Science","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81026721","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-13DOI: 10.9734/ijpss/2021/v33i2430751
R. J. I., R. R.
This study was undertaken to evaluate the remedial effect of the aqueous seed extract of Mucuna pruriens (ASEMP) on the endocrine region of pancreas of nicotinamide-streptozotocin-induced diabetes in Wistar rats. The anti-hyperglycemic efficiency of two varieties of Mucuna pruriens var utilis; IIHR Selection 3 and Arka Dhanvantari was investigated. Oral administration of ASEMP against the nicotinamide-streptozotocin-induced diabetes in the Wistar rats showed anti-hyperglycemic effect on the blood glucose level (94 ± 0.2 mg/dl ASEMP 400 mg/kg) when compared with the control group (92 ± 0.2 mg/dl glibenclamide 5 mg/kg), (248 ± 0.3 mg/dl Diabetic control) and (90 ± 0.3 mg/dl Normal control). Significant reduction in creatinine level of the nicotinamide-streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats treated with ASEMP was also recorded. Histopathology examination of the endocrine region of pancreas of the rats revealed restoration of pancreatic islet cells in the diabetic-ASEMP treated rats as the beta cell mass increased and necrotic changes was reduced significantly in contrast with the diabetic control group which showed degenerated pancreatic islet cells. Therefore, this study supports and recommends the exploration of the aqueous seed extract of M. pruriens as an alternative medicine for the management of type-2 diabetes.
{"title":"Anti-hyperglycemic Efficiency of the Aqueous Seed Extract of Mucuna pruriens in Nicotinamide-Streptozotocin-induced Diabetic Wistar Rats","authors":"R. J. I., R. R.","doi":"10.9734/ijpss/2021/v33i2430751","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ijpss/2021/v33i2430751","url":null,"abstract":"This study was undertaken to evaluate the remedial effect of the aqueous seed extract of Mucuna pruriens (ASEMP) on the endocrine region of pancreas of nicotinamide-streptozotocin-induced diabetes in Wistar rats. The anti-hyperglycemic efficiency of two varieties of Mucuna pruriens var utilis; IIHR Selection 3 and Arka Dhanvantari was investigated. Oral administration of ASEMP against the nicotinamide-streptozotocin-induced diabetes in the Wistar rats showed anti-hyperglycemic effect on the blood glucose level (94 ± 0.2 mg/dl ASEMP 400 mg/kg) when compared with the control group (92 ± 0.2 mg/dl glibenclamide 5 mg/kg), (248 ± 0.3 mg/dl Diabetic control) and (90 ± 0.3 mg/dl Normal control). Significant reduction in creatinine level of the nicotinamide-streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats treated with ASEMP was also recorded. Histopathology examination of the endocrine region of pancreas of the rats revealed restoration of pancreatic islet cells in the diabetic-ASEMP treated rats as the beta cell mass increased and necrotic changes was reduced significantly in contrast with the diabetic control group which showed degenerated pancreatic islet cells. Therefore, this study supports and recommends the exploration of the aqueous seed extract of M. pruriens as an alternative medicine for the management of type-2 diabetes.","PeriodicalId":14335,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Plant & Soil Science","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74338569","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-13DOI: 10.9734/ijpss/2021/v33i2430756
Manaswini Mahapatra, D. Nayak, Pranaya Pradhan, A. Mishra
The study was aimed to control nematodes in ginger crop in a sustainable way through inoculation of bio-agent, Trichoderma viride. The outcome of our research revealed that Trichoderma viride alone (T2) was the most effective treatment among all. This bio-agent has lowered the root-knot nematode populations by suppressing the disease intensity and responsible for enhancement of plant growth, increases the availability of nutrients to host plant. Meloidogyne incognita alone (T1) infected rhizomes resulted in highest reduction of calcium content amounting 2.26 and 2.43 mg/100g dry weight whereas maximum content was recorded in Trichoderma viride alone (T2) inoculated rhizomes as 2.84 and 3.08 mg 100g-1 dry weight in suravi and suprabha over control (T7) respectively. Trichoderma viride inoculated 15 days prior to Meloidogyne incognita (TV→MI) was found to be most efficient one among all combined treatments. Susceptibility towards nematode induced more nutrient deposition in rhizomes of ginger crop due to poor translocation process through xylem.
{"title":"Variation in Calcium Content of Ginger Germplasm Inoculated with Bio-Agent, Trichoderma viride against Root-Knot Nematode, Meloidogyne incognita","authors":"Manaswini Mahapatra, D. Nayak, Pranaya Pradhan, A. Mishra","doi":"10.9734/ijpss/2021/v33i2430756","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ijpss/2021/v33i2430756","url":null,"abstract":"The study was aimed to control nematodes in ginger crop in a sustainable way through inoculation of bio-agent, Trichoderma viride. The outcome of our research revealed that Trichoderma viride alone (T2) was the most effective treatment among all. This bio-agent has lowered the root-knot nematode populations by suppressing the disease intensity and responsible for enhancement of plant growth, increases the availability of nutrients to host plant. Meloidogyne incognita alone (T1) infected rhizomes resulted in highest reduction of calcium content amounting 2.26 and 2.43 mg/100g dry weight whereas maximum content was recorded in Trichoderma viride alone (T2) inoculated rhizomes as 2.84 and 3.08 mg 100g-1 dry weight in suravi and suprabha over control (T7) respectively. Trichoderma viride inoculated 15 days prior to Meloidogyne incognita (TV→MI) was found to be most efficient one among all combined treatments. Susceptibility towards nematode induced more nutrient deposition in rhizomes of ginger crop due to poor translocation process through xylem.","PeriodicalId":14335,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Plant & Soil Science","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75045390","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-13DOI: 10.9734/ijpss/2021/v33i2430754
V. V. Prabha, Avikal Kumar, Y. Angel, S. Abinaya, G. Kumar
Acid lime (Citrus aurantifolia Swingle) is one of the commercial fruit crops which occupies important place in the fruit industry, but yield levels of citrus orchards are still very low. Alternate nutrient management system could help in achieving high yield and quality of acid lime. Thus, an investigation was undertaken on the “Effect of nutrient management through bio-organic manures on quality of acid lime (Citrus aurantifolia Swingle)” in the Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar, Tamil Nadu, India during 2016 – 2018. The experiment was laid out in randomized block design with twelve treatments, various organic manures, biofertilizers along with inorganic fertilizers including recommended dose of fertilization @ 100%, 75%, 50%, farm yard manure @ 100%, 50%, Vermicompost @ 100%, 50%, Biofertilizers ( 25g Azotobacter + 25g phosphate solubilising bacteria + 150g vesicular arbuscular mycorrhizal) were applied. The quality characters of acid lime were studied at different stages. The observations recorded viz., plant height (m), canopy spread east-west (m), canopy spread north-south (m), canopy height (m), no. of leaves per canopy, leaf area (cm2). The results revealed that plants treated with of T8 -75% RDF + 50% FYM + 50% Vermicompost + Biofertilizers (25g Azotobacter + 25g PSB + 150g VAM) was observed maximum plant height (m), canopy spread east-west (m), canopy spread north-south (m), canopy height (m), no. of leaves per canopy, leaf area (cm2).
{"title":"Effect of Nutrient Management through Bio Organic Manures on Quality of Acid Lime (Citrus aurantifolia Swingle)","authors":"V. V. Prabha, Avikal Kumar, Y. Angel, S. Abinaya, G. Kumar","doi":"10.9734/ijpss/2021/v33i2430754","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ijpss/2021/v33i2430754","url":null,"abstract":"Acid lime (Citrus aurantifolia Swingle) is one of the commercial fruit crops which occupies important place in the fruit industry, but yield levels of citrus orchards are still very low. Alternate nutrient management system could help in achieving high yield and quality of acid lime. Thus, an investigation was undertaken on the “Effect of nutrient management through bio-organic manures on quality of acid lime (Citrus aurantifolia Swingle)” in the Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar, Tamil Nadu, India during 2016 – 2018. The experiment was laid out in randomized block design with twelve treatments, various organic manures, biofertilizers along with inorganic fertilizers including recommended dose of fertilization @ 100%, 75%, 50%, farm yard manure @ 100%, 50%, Vermicompost @ 100%, 50%, Biofertilizers ( 25g Azotobacter + 25g phosphate solubilising bacteria + 150g vesicular arbuscular mycorrhizal) were applied. The quality characters of acid lime were studied at different stages. The observations recorded viz., plant height (m), canopy spread east-west (m), canopy spread north-south (m), canopy height (m), no. of leaves per canopy, leaf area (cm2). The results revealed that plants treated with of T8 -75% RDF + 50% FYM + 50% Vermicompost + Biofertilizers (25g Azotobacter + 25g PSB + 150g VAM) was observed maximum plant height (m), canopy spread east-west (m), canopy spread north-south (m), canopy height (m), no. of leaves per canopy, leaf area (cm2).","PeriodicalId":14335,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Plant & Soil Science","volume":"76 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81236727","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-13DOI: 10.9734/ijpss/2021/v33i2430755
M. ., K. Ganesamurthy, Sayan Das, R. Saraswathi, C. Gopalakrishnan, R. Gnanam
Rice Sheath blight (ShB) is one of the most serious fungal diseases caused by Rhizoctonia solani. Breeding for sheath blight resistance has been ineffective exercise so far, mainly because of lack of good number of reliable sources of resistance in rice germplasm. In this context our studies indicated that the lines Tetep, Jasmine 85 and MTU 9992 confer resistant to moderately resistant reaction against the pathogen. The current investigation was carried out to dissect the genetic factors governing resistance to sheath blight through genome wide association study (GWAS) from the mapping populations developed by design where in, each of the resistant parents were crossed to three to four highly susceptible parents to generate eleven populations (Jasmine 85XTN1, Jasmine 85XSwarnaSub1, Jasmine 85XII32B, Jasmine 85XIR54, TetepXTN1, TetepXSwarnaSub1, TetepXII32B, TetepXIR54, MTU 9992XTN1, MTU 9992XII32B and MTU 9992XIRBB4). A total of 1545 Recombinant inbred lines (RILs) derived from eleven crosses were used for the study. During rainy 2020 the F7 RILs were screened for their reaction to Sheath blight in two hot spot locations. The genotyping was done with Illumina platform having 6564 SNP markers. Genome wide association study was done with two models Generalized Linear Model (GLM) and Mixed Linear Model (MLM). Results clearly indicate the superiority of MLM over GLM in correcting the population structure. With MLM model, in Jasmine 85 half-sib populations with 565 RILs analyzed, five QTLs (Quantitative Trait Loci) were detected on Chr1, Chr3, Chr9, Chr10 and Chr11 with –log10 (P-Value) more than 3. In TETEP half-sib populations with 714 RILs examined, seven QTLs were observed on Chr1, Chr2, Chr5, Chr6, Chr7, Chr8, and Chr11 with –log10 (P-Value) more than 4. Whereas in MTU 9992 half-sib populations with 266 RILs studied, three novel QTLs were identified on Chr2, Chr6 and Chr11 with –log10 (P-Value) more than 3. Some of these QTLs were reported by researches earlier. In the current research, some novel QTLs were detected in Jasmine 85 (Chr10) and Tetep (Chr2, Chr5 and Chr6) apart from three new QTLs discovered in MTU 9992. The results facilitated to have better understanding of the genetic basis for sheath blight resistance in rice. Pyramiding all the QTL identified so far into a susceptible varieties is complicated affair as resistance is governed by not only several large effect QTLs but also medium to small effect QTLs as well, hence genomic selection approach could be rewarding for breeding for sheath blight resistance.
{"title":"Genome Wide Association Studies to Dissect Genetic Factors Conferring Sheath Blight Resistance in Rice (Oryza sativa L.)","authors":"M. ., K. Ganesamurthy, Sayan Das, R. Saraswathi, C. Gopalakrishnan, R. Gnanam","doi":"10.9734/ijpss/2021/v33i2430755","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ijpss/2021/v33i2430755","url":null,"abstract":"Rice Sheath blight (ShB) is one of the most serious fungal diseases caused by Rhizoctonia solani. Breeding for sheath blight resistance has been ineffective exercise so far, mainly because of lack of good number of reliable sources of resistance in rice germplasm. In this context our studies indicated that the lines Tetep, Jasmine 85 and MTU 9992 confer resistant to moderately resistant reaction against the pathogen. The current investigation was carried out to dissect the genetic factors governing resistance to sheath blight through genome wide association study (GWAS) from the mapping populations developed by design where in, each of the resistant parents were crossed to three to four highly susceptible parents to generate eleven populations (Jasmine 85XTN1, Jasmine 85XSwarnaSub1, Jasmine 85XII32B, Jasmine 85XIR54, TetepXTN1, TetepXSwarnaSub1, TetepXII32B, TetepXIR54, MTU 9992XTN1, MTU 9992XII32B and MTU 9992XIRBB4). A total of 1545 Recombinant inbred lines (RILs) derived from eleven crosses were used for the study. During rainy 2020 the F7 RILs were screened for their reaction to Sheath blight in two hot spot locations. The genotyping was done with Illumina platform having 6564 SNP markers. Genome wide association study was done with two models Generalized Linear Model (GLM) and Mixed Linear Model (MLM). Results clearly indicate the superiority of MLM over GLM in correcting the population structure. With MLM model, in Jasmine 85 half-sib populations with 565 RILs analyzed, five QTLs (Quantitative Trait Loci) were detected on Chr1, Chr3, Chr9, Chr10 and Chr11 with –log10 (P-Value) more than 3. In TETEP half-sib populations with 714 RILs examined, seven QTLs were observed on Chr1, Chr2, Chr5, Chr6, Chr7, Chr8, and Chr11 with –log10 (P-Value) more than 4. Whereas in MTU 9992 half-sib populations with 266 RILs studied, three novel QTLs were identified on Chr2, Chr6 and Chr11 with –log10 (P-Value) more than 3. Some of these QTLs were reported by researches earlier. In the current research, some novel QTLs were detected in Jasmine 85 (Chr10) and Tetep (Chr2, Chr5 and Chr6) apart from three new QTLs discovered in MTU 9992. The results facilitated to have better understanding of the genetic basis for sheath blight resistance in rice. Pyramiding all the QTL identified so far into a susceptible varieties is complicated affair as resistance is governed by not only several large effect QTLs but also medium to small effect QTLs as well, hence genomic selection approach could be rewarding for breeding for sheath blight resistance.","PeriodicalId":14335,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Plant & Soil Science","volume":"36 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74440666","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-13DOI: 10.9734/ijpss/2021/v33i2430760
T. Khalifa, M. Ramadan, Mona S. M. Eid
Aims: In the long run, reusing low-quality water in Egypt's agricultural sector directly or after mixing with fresh water to compensate for water supply constraints can be hazardous to plants and soil. As a result, some appropriate management must be considered. For this reason, a field experiment was implemented in winter seasons 2018/2019 and 2019/2020 at Sakha Agric. Res. Station Farm, Kafr El-Sheikh Gov., Egypt. This study aims to assess the impacts of zeolite and vermicompost as well their combinations on alleviation of low-quality water impacts on physicochemical properties of clayey soil and wheat productivity. Study Design: complete randomized block design with three replicates. Results: The application of 2.40 Mg Z ha-1 was found to be the most effective on soil properties and plant growth. This treatment reduced soil EC, Na+, Ca2+, Mg2+, Cl-, SO42-, and ESP values the most (52.90 percent, 83.21 percent, 30.43 percent, 6.04 percent, 91.82 percent, 19.83 percent, and 70.73 percent, respectively), while increasing the K+ value by 32.47 percent. It also achieved the highest increases in plant height, 1000-grain weight, grain, and straw yields (35.92%, 9.60%, 42.77%, and 25.61%, respectively) when compared to untreated soil. With 2.40 Mg VC ha-1, the greatest changes in bulk density, total porosity, and CEC (-9.23, 9.30, and 10.54 percent, respectively) were obtained. The applications of 1.80 Mg Z with 0.6 Mg VC ha-1 and 0.6 Mg Z ha-1 with 1.80 Mg VC ha-1, on the other hand, resulted in the greatest increases in soil moisture content, drainable pores (DP), and water holding pores (WHP). Furthermore, 0.6 Mg Z combined with 1.80 Mg VC ha-1 significantly increased the available N, P, and K in the soil. The addition of 2.4 tons Z/ha increased the WP and resulted in a high economically appealing wheat. Conclusion: It could be concluded that the application of Z and VC is a new strategy for alleviating abiotic stress and improving wheat growth. Z application was more effective than VC on improving soil physicochemical properties and improving the water productivity and achieve high economical attractiveness wheat irrigated by low-quality water.
{"title":"Using Zeolite and Vermicompost Amendments to Improve Water Productivity of Wheat Irrigated by Low-quality Water in the Northern Nile Delta","authors":"T. Khalifa, M. Ramadan, Mona S. M. Eid","doi":"10.9734/ijpss/2021/v33i2430760","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ijpss/2021/v33i2430760","url":null,"abstract":"Aims: In the long run, reusing low-quality water in Egypt's agricultural sector directly or after mixing with fresh water to compensate for water supply constraints can be hazardous to plants and soil. As a result, some appropriate management must be considered. For this reason, a field experiment was implemented in winter seasons 2018/2019 and 2019/2020 at Sakha Agric. Res. Station Farm, Kafr El-Sheikh Gov., Egypt. This study aims to assess the impacts of zeolite and vermicompost as well their combinations on alleviation of low-quality water impacts on physicochemical properties of clayey soil and wheat productivity. \u0000Study Design: complete randomized block design with three replicates. \u0000Results: The application of 2.40 Mg Z ha-1 was found to be the most effective on soil properties and plant growth. This treatment reduced soil EC, Na+, Ca2+, Mg2+, Cl-, SO42-, and ESP values the most (52.90 percent, 83.21 percent, 30.43 percent, 6.04 percent, 91.82 percent, 19.83 percent, and 70.73 percent, respectively), while increasing the K+ value by 32.47 percent. It also achieved the highest increases in plant height, 1000-grain weight, grain, and straw yields (35.92%, 9.60%, 42.77%, and 25.61%, respectively) when compared to untreated soil. With 2.40 Mg VC ha-1, the greatest changes in bulk density, total porosity, and CEC (-9.23, 9.30, and 10.54 percent, respectively) were obtained. The applications of 1.80 Mg Z with 0.6 Mg VC ha-1 and 0.6 Mg Z ha-1 with 1.80 Mg VC ha-1, on the other hand, resulted in the greatest increases in soil moisture content, drainable pores (DP), and water holding pores (WHP). Furthermore, 0.6 Mg Z combined with 1.80 Mg VC ha-1 significantly increased the available N, P, and K in the soil. The addition of 2.4 tons Z/ha increased the WP and resulted in a high economically appealing wheat. \u0000Conclusion: It could be concluded that the application of Z and VC is a new strategy for alleviating abiotic stress and improving wheat growth. Z application was more effective than VC on improving soil physicochemical properties and improving the water productivity and achieve high economical attractiveness wheat irrigated by low-quality water.","PeriodicalId":14335,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Plant & Soil Science","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74873059","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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