Takaharu Kuroda, T. Kiryu, H. Kato, Lakshman Hazra, Y. Tsuchiya, I. Sakuma
This paper deals with an easy method for precisely evaluating the geometry of conically ground drill point from the coordinate data of many points on its flank surface. In the proposed method, the coordinate data are detected from CCD camera images of the drill point and the five parameters describing the geometry are estimated by fitting the data to the mathematical model of the grinding cone. The CCD camera simply gets outline images viewing from several different angular directions. As the parameter estimation method, Genetic Algorithm is used in which the condition of generation change and thee performance index are especially adopted for this fitting problem. The effectiveness of the proposed method has been verified according to the simulation and experiments.
{"title":"Computer aided inspection of drill point geometry (2nd report) : A simple inspection method by using CCD camera","authors":"Takaharu Kuroda, T. Kiryu, H. Kato, Lakshman Hazra, Y. Tsuchiya, I. Sakuma","doi":"10.2493/JJSPE.65.736","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2493/JJSPE.65.736","url":null,"abstract":"This paper deals with an easy method for precisely evaluating the geometry of conically ground drill point from the coordinate data of many points on its flank surface. In the proposed method, the coordinate data are detected from CCD camera images of the drill point and the five parameters describing the geometry are estimated by fitting the data to the mathematical model of the grinding cone. The CCD camera simply gets outline images viewing from several different angular directions. As the parameter estimation method, Genetic Algorithm is used in which the condition of generation change and thee performance index are especially adopted for this fitting problem. The effectiveness of the proposed method has been verified according to the simulation and experiments.","PeriodicalId":14336,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of The Japan Society for Precision Engineering","volume":"17 1","pages":"340-344"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75225508","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In the micromachining research field, there are great demands to reduce the start-up and shut-down time of film deposition system, to reduce running costs, to produce thick film of polysilicon, and to enable the high-speed polysilicon film deposition. However, no such polysilicon film deposition system which fulfills the above-listed demans can currently he found. Therefore, in order to meet these demands, the authors designed new LPCVD which is characterized by spot-heating using a lamp and produced a prototype of this apparatus, and actually operated this apparatus to study its characteristics.
{"title":"Production of Prototype of New LPCVD Using Lamp Heating and Its Study of Characteristics - Properties of Polysilicon Film Deposited -","authors":"T. Ueda, K. Kuribayashi, S. Shimizu, S. Hasegawa","doi":"10.2493/JJSPE.65.214","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2493/JJSPE.65.214","url":null,"abstract":"In the micromachining research field, there are great demands to reduce the start-up and shut-down time of film deposition system, to reduce running costs, to produce thick film of polysilicon, and to enable the high-speed polysilicon film deposition. However, no such polysilicon film deposition system which fulfills the above-listed demans can currently he found. Therefore, in order to meet these demands, the authors designed new LPCVD which is characterized by spot-heating using a lamp and produced a prototype of this apparatus, and actually operated this apparatus to study its characteristics.","PeriodicalId":14336,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of The Japan Society for Precision Engineering","volume":"20 1","pages":"301-306"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87464280","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A technique for simulating the surface formation of a diamond grinding wheel is developed in order to evaluate typical characteristics of the surface topography. The simulation includes four procedures: simulating the grains with long and short diameters according to those actual distributions in a mesh size; distributing the grains into the bond area of the wheel based on a random or uniform manner, truing and dressing the wheel surface to make cutting edges under a grain protrusion ratio as the criterion for grain remaining or falling off, and evaluating characteristic values of the surface topography like density of cutting edges The results showed that the surface topography simulated by the random grain distribution resembled the actual one when maximum grain protrusion ratio was 30-35% in a resinoid bonded wheel and 35-40% in a metal bonded wheel. The density of cutting edges, the length of cutting edges per unit area and the extent of maldistribution of grains were determined on wheels with grain sizes from coarse to fine.
{"title":"Simulation of Diamond Grinding Wheel to Characterize the Surface Topography","authors":"K. Mizutani, T. Kawano, K. Adachi, N. Kumagai","doi":"10.2493/JJSPE.65.581","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2493/JJSPE.65.581","url":null,"abstract":"A technique for simulating the surface formation of a diamond grinding wheel is developed in order to evaluate typical characteristics of the surface topography. The simulation includes four procedures: simulating the grains with long and short diameters according to those actual distributions in a mesh size; distributing the grains into the bond area of the wheel based on a random or uniform manner, truing and dressing the wheel surface to make cutting edges under a grain protrusion ratio as the criterion for grain remaining or falling off, and evaluating characteristic values of the surface topography like density of cutting edges The results showed that the surface topography simulated by the random grain distribution resembled the actual one when maximum grain protrusion ratio was 30-35% in a resinoid bonded wheel and 35-40% in a metal bonded wheel. The density of cutting edges, the length of cutting edges per unit area and the extent of maldistribution of grains were determined on wheels with grain sizes from coarse to fine.","PeriodicalId":14336,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of The Japan Society for Precision Engineering","volume":"91 1","pages":"288-294"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78997958","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Although a simulator is sometimes useful for training the operation of man-machine system, its application to machine tool operation has been hardly studied so far. In this paper, the authors propose a method for high efficiency skill training of small-diameter deep-hole drilling by using the simulator developed previously. For the training system, a function to display an ideal operation pattern and difference from that of a trainee graphically has been added to the simulator. A new index for evaluating the skill level has been also introduced by using this difference. As the results, it is found that 10 to 15 times of training using the simulator improves trainees' skill. In addition, the training using the simulator which emphasizes sensory display together with the normal simulator is highly effective to overcome saturation of skill level.
{"title":"High efficiency skill training of small-diameter deep-hole drilling by simulator","authors":"W. Chen, H. Kato, Youshen Yang","doi":"10.2493/JJSPE.65.250","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2493/JJSPE.65.250","url":null,"abstract":"Although a simulator is sometimes useful for training the operation of man-machine system, its application to machine tool operation has been hardly studied so far. In this paper, the authors propose a method for high efficiency skill training of small-diameter deep-hole drilling by using the simulator developed previously. For the training system, a function to display an ideal operation pattern and difference from that of a trainee graphically has been added to the simulator. A new index for evaluating the skill level has been also introduced by using this difference. As the results, it is found that 10 to 15 times of training using the simulator improves trainees' skill. In addition, the training using the simulator which emphasizes sensory display together with the normal simulator is highly effective to overcome saturation of skill level.","PeriodicalId":14336,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of The Japan Society for Precision Engineering","volume":"84 1","pages":"313-318"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76855865","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Since industrial products have become higher in performance and finer in size, machining with higher accuracy is therefore a necessity. On one hand there is the requirement to machining with high accuracy and on the other there is the need to develop new systems to deal with this necd. In this paper, the authors propose a new concept of machining system with feedback of shape as in positioning with displacement feedback. To manufacture products with high accuracy, the authors have developed a simple and flexible method for an on-the-machine measurement system using calibration with geometrical solids. The authors have also developed a metal surface modification method using a green compact electrode of tungsten carbide powder by EDM in hydrocarbon oil. This process is realized on the same machine under the process of removal EDM and accretion EDM. These two techniques are combined in order to implement the precision machining system by feedback of shape data. Some examples of machining by this system are described. The machining accuracy of ± 20 μm can be achieved for both flat and 2-dimensional shapes by using the proposed system.
{"title":"Precision Machining by Feedback of Shape Data (1st Report) -The Basic Concept and Examples of Corrective Machining-","authors":"H. Takezawa, K. Furutani, N. Mohri","doi":"10.2493/JJSPE.65.406","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2493/JJSPE.65.406","url":null,"abstract":"Since industrial products have become higher in performance and finer in size, machining with higher accuracy is therefore a necessity. On one hand there is the requirement to machining with high accuracy and on the other there is the need to develop new systems to deal with this necd. In this paper, the authors propose a new concept of machining system with feedback of shape as in positioning with displacement feedback. To manufacture products with high accuracy, the authors have developed a simple and flexible method for an on-the-machine measurement system using calibration with geometrical solids. The authors have also developed a metal surface modification method using a green compact electrode of tungsten carbide powder by EDM in hydrocarbon oil. This process is realized on the same machine under the process of removal EDM and accretion EDM. These two techniques are combined in order to implement the precision machining system by feedback of shape data. Some examples of machining by this system are described. The machining accuracy of ± 20 μm can be achieved for both flat and 2-dimensional shapes by using the proposed system.","PeriodicalId":14336,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of The Japan Society for Precision Engineering","volume":"1 1","pages":"209-214"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77583485","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Fast calibration of mean sensitivity of angle sensor","authors":"Shizhou Zhang, S. Kiyono","doi":"10.2493/JJSPE.65.725","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2493/JJSPE.65.725","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14336,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of The Japan Society for Precision Engineering","volume":"9 1","pages":"248-250"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87550233","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A micro-inspection robot for 1-inch pipes has been developed. It can undertake visual inspections inside piping and also retrieve small objects. The robot in 110 mm long, has an external diameter of 23 mm, and weighs 16 g. Equipped with a high-quality micro CCD camera, it also has a two-digit hand for manipulating small objects within pipes. It is propelled by a micro-electromagnetic motor. The wheels, which are driven by a system of planetary reduction gears and worm gears, press against the pipe wall and enable the robot to travel even within vertical pipes and curved pipes. It travels at a speed of about 6 mm/s, and the pulling force exerted is approximately 1 N. In this report, the robot system is described along with the various micro technologies used in the development of the robot, including the micro-actuator, micro-reduction gears, micro-robotic hands, and micro CCD camera. The specifications of the robot are also presented.
{"title":"Development of Micro-Inspection Robot for Small Piping","authors":"T. Miyagawa, K. Suzumori, M. Kimura, Y. Hasegawa","doi":"10.7210/JRSJ.17.389","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7210/JRSJ.17.389","url":null,"abstract":"A micro-inspection robot for 1-inch pipes has been developed. It can undertake visual inspections inside piping and also retrieve small objects. The robot in 110 mm long, has an external diameter of 23 mm, and weighs 16 g. Equipped with a high-quality micro CCD camera, it also has a two-digit hand for manipulating small objects within pipes. It is propelled by a micro-electromagnetic motor. The wheels, which are driven by a system of planetary reduction gears and worm gears, press against the pipe wall and enable the robot to travel even within vertical pipes and curved pipes. It travels at a speed of about 6 mm/s, and the pulling force exerted is approximately 1 N. In this report, the robot system is described along with the various micro technologies used in the development of the robot, including the micro-actuator, micro-reduction gears, micro-robotic hands, and micro CCD camera. The specifications of the robot are also presented.","PeriodicalId":14336,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of The Japan Society for Precision Engineering","volume":"74 1","pages":"90-93"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80206084","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yasuyuki Kanada, Tomohiro Fukaya, Junichi Shiraishi, T. Nakai
{"title":"Development of a tougher grade of polycrystalline diamond cutting tool","authors":"Yasuyuki Kanada, Tomohiro Fukaya, Junichi Shiraishi, T. Nakai","doi":"10.2493/JJSPE.65.1092","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2493/JJSPE.65.1092","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14336,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of The Japan Society for Precision Engineering","volume":"7 1","pages":"6-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84080032","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ablation phenomena of material induced by laser irradiation are complicated and it is unjustifiable to analyze them theoretically with a continuum model. In this study, atomic behavior of copper, aluminum and silicon during laser ablation is simulated applying molecular dynamics. Variation of atomic array and stress state of atoms during and after laser irradiation are shown visually. Main conclusions obtained are summarized as follows : (1) Thermal shock wave travels to interior of material with laser irradiation. Propagation velocity of thermal shock wave is equal to elastic wave velocity. (2) In ablation process, many small voids generate in the liquid phase at first. Then they become larger and larger, and adjacent voids combine each other, which develop into a relatively larger void. Finally, the vicinity of surface bounds out forming into a relatively large lump. (3) In metal, fusing atoms flow out from the molten pool and deposit around the hole by viscosity and surface tension. In silicon, on the other hand, vaporizing atoms fly to bits after interacting or colliding reciprocally, then a part of them adheres on the surface, especially deposition around the hole is remarkable. (4) The surface of generated wall of silicon is rougher comparing with metal.
{"title":"Molecular Dynamics Simulation on Laser Ablation of Metal and Silicon","authors":"E. Ohmura, I. Fukumoto, I. Miyamoto","doi":"10.2493/JJSPE.64.886","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2493/JJSPE.64.886","url":null,"abstract":"Ablation phenomena of material induced by laser irradiation are complicated and it is unjustifiable to analyze them theoretically with a continuum model. In this study, atomic behavior of copper, aluminum and silicon during laser ablation is simulated applying molecular dynamics. Variation of atomic array and stress state of atoms during and after laser irradiation are shown visually. Main conclusions obtained are summarized as follows : (1) Thermal shock wave travels to interior of material with laser irradiation. Propagation velocity of thermal shock wave is equal to elastic wave velocity. (2) In ablation process, many small voids generate in the liquid phase at first. Then they become larger and larger, and adjacent voids combine each other, which develop into a relatively larger void. Finally, the vicinity of surface bounds out forming into a relatively large lump. (3) In metal, fusing atoms flow out from the molten pool and deposit around the hole by viscosity and surface tension. In silicon, on the other hand, vaporizing atoms fly to bits after interacting or colliding reciprocally, then a part of them adheres on the surface, especially deposition around the hole is remarkable. (4) The surface of generated wall of silicon is rougher comparing with metal.","PeriodicalId":14336,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of The Japan Society for Precision Engineering","volume":"67 1","pages":"248-253"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80038395","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Active vibration control of buildings with smart structures","authors":"T. Fujita","doi":"10.2493/JJSPE.64.655","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2493/JJSPE.64.655","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14336,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of The Japan Society for Precision Engineering","volume":"78 1","pages":"160-165"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74281960","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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