This paper presents a method of bottom up processing for separating all drawing elements in a whole recognition system for mechanical drawings. This is the second report succeeding the first one which mainly dealt with a method of separating thick- and hair-lines using line width and the structural representations of thick-lines. However, this methed can be applicable only to the drawings which keep the JIS drawing rules vigorously, especially about line width. In this paper, we propose another approach which can be applicable to wider range of mechanical drawings. The method mainly utilizes geometrical and topological features and uses line width additionally. The whole algorithm is shown to separate all line elements, i. e., dimension lines, projection lines (temporarily separated), center lines, hidden outlines, leader lines, visible outlines, projection lines (finally separated) and characters, in this order. Some experimental results applied to sample drawings in a book of mechanical drawings are finally shown.
{"title":"Recognition of Mechanical Drawings. (2nd Report). Separation and Recognition Algorithm for Line Elements Based on their Geometrical and Topological Features.","authors":"K. Kitajima, Y. Shida, Kunihiro Kuroiwa","doi":"10.2493/JJSPE.58.169","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2493/JJSPE.58.169","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a method of bottom up processing for separating all drawing elements in a whole recognition system for mechanical drawings. This is the second report succeeding the first one which mainly dealt with a method of separating thick- and hair-lines using line width and the structural representations of thick-lines. However, this methed can be applicable only to the drawings which keep the JIS drawing rules vigorously, especially about line width. In this paper, we propose another approach which can be applicable to wider range of mechanical drawings. The method mainly utilizes geometrical and topological features and uses line width additionally. The whole algorithm is shown to separate all line elements, i. e., dimension lines, projection lines (temporarily separated), center lines, hidden outlines, leader lines, visible outlines, projection lines (finally separated) and characters, in this order. Some experimental results applied to sample drawings in a book of mechanical drawings are finally shown.","PeriodicalId":14336,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of The Japan Society for Precision Engineering","volume":"102 1","pages":"169-176"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1992-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89928386","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper describes the phenomenon of loading on an active surface of a CBN wheel in grinding austenitic stainless steel (SUS304). The influences of bond systems, depths of cut and grinding method (up and/or down cut) on the loading of CBN wheels are examined in detail by measuring the loaded areas,wheel wears and grinding forces. The conclusions are summarized as follows; (1) The loaded area ratio ( loaded area / active surface area) on the vitrified bonded CBN wheel is larger than that on the resin bonded CBN wheel, and the mean area per piece of the loading on vitrified bonded CBN wheel is about 7 times as large as that on resin bonded CBN wheel. (2) Decreasing depth of cut results in a decrease in loading. (3) The loading on vitrified bonded CBN wheel develops more rapidly than that on resin bonded CBN wheel. They are found to be dislodged if loaded areas exceed the limit area (about 0.14mm). (4) The loading of CBN wheels in up cut grinding is less than that in down cut grinding.
{"title":"Loading phenomenon of CBN wheel in grinding of stainless steel","authors":"Kazuhiko Koshima, H. Onikura, K. Sakuma","doi":"10.2493/JJSPE.58.1209","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2493/JJSPE.58.1209","url":null,"abstract":"This paper describes the phenomenon of loading on an active surface of a CBN wheel in grinding austenitic stainless steel (SUS304). The influences of bond systems, depths of cut and grinding method (up and/or down cut) on the loading of CBN wheels are examined in detail by measuring the loaded areas,wheel wears and grinding forces. The conclusions are summarized as follows; (1) The loaded area ratio ( loaded area / active surface area) on the vitrified bonded CBN wheel is larger than that on the resin bonded CBN wheel, and the mean area per piece of the loading on vitrified bonded CBN wheel is about 7 times as large as that on resin bonded CBN wheel. (2) Decreasing depth of cut results in a decrease in loading. (3) The loading on vitrified bonded CBN wheel develops more rapidly than that on resin bonded CBN wheel. They are found to be dislodged if loaded areas exceed the limit area (about 0.14mm). (4) The loading of CBN wheels in up cut grinding is less than that in down cut grinding.","PeriodicalId":14336,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of The Japan Society for Precision Engineering","volume":"93 1","pages":"1209-1214"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1992-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90584280","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Development of a vibration gripper with a triangular grasping force","authors":"S. Honda","doi":"10.2493/jjspe.58.1915","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2493/jjspe.58.1915","url":null,"abstract":"把握力振動式グリッパを考案した.このグリッパの動作原理は, 次のようにまとめられる.(1) 把握力を三角波形で振動させて物体を把握すると, 物体は, 把握力の下限値付近の時刻T1ですべり始め, 上限値付近の時刻T2 (T3) でクランプされ, 次の周期で物体がすべり始めるまでオフセットローラに追従して上昇する.(2) 三角把握力の下限値F1と上限値Fuおよびオフセットローラの周速度VPの値を適当な値に調節すると, 1周期当たりのすべり量ΔSが零となって, 物体が平衡把握状態で把握される。(3) 最適把握状態は, T1, T2 (T3), ΔSの値をT1=T/2, T2 (T3) =TΔS=0になるように, Fb, Vpの値を調節することによって得られる.","PeriodicalId":14336,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of The Japan Society for Precision Engineering","volume":"7 1","pages":"58-63"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1992-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87141344","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
So far, authors have clarified the effects of dimensional errors of the parallel spring move-ment with right half circular springs on the error rate of displacement. Although it is desirable for balances that the dimensional errors of springs are eliminated by machining, such a work itself, however, takes engineers much time to correct the dimensional errors. So, the authors propose here a notched springs by which the error rate of displacement can be modified without eliminating the dimensional errors. Following is concluded through theoretical, experimental and FEM analyses. (1) In case of the movement with two circular springs, a notch at around±16deg measured from the position with theminimum thickness is most effective formodification, while the one at the minimum thickness contributes to no modification. (2) In case of that with four circular springs, a notch at around ±3deg measured to the outsides, respectively, from the position with the minimum thickness is most effective for modification, while the one near reinforcing plate shows a few effect.
{"title":"Displacement characteristics of one-piece parallel spring movement for balance (7th report) ― Modification of the error rate of displacement due to dimensional errors of the right half circular springs","authors":"Y. Yoshimura, M. Kusuda, T. Akasaka","doi":"10.2493/jjspe.58.1029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2493/jjspe.58.1029","url":null,"abstract":"So far, authors have clarified the effects of dimensional errors of the parallel spring move-ment with right half circular springs on the error rate of displacement. Although it is desirable for balances that the dimensional errors of springs are eliminated by machining, such a work itself, however, takes engineers much time to correct the dimensional errors. So, the authors propose here a notched springs by which the error rate of displacement can be modified without eliminating the dimensional errors. Following is concluded through theoretical, experimental and FEM analyses. (1) In case of the movement with two circular springs, a notch at around±16deg measured from the position with theminimum thickness is most effective formodification, while the one at the minimum thickness contributes to no modification. (2) In case of that with four circular springs, a notch at around ±3deg measured to the outsides, respectively, from the position with the minimum thickness is most effective for modification, while the one near reinforcing plate shows a few effect.","PeriodicalId":14336,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of The Japan Society for Precision Engineering","volume":"14 1","pages":"346-351"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1992-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80887526","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The measuring accuracy of a laser speckle interferometer using a double-aperture method","authors":"N. Iwatsuki, I. Hayashi, S. Kitagawa","doi":"10.2493/JJSPE.58.1399","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2493/JJSPE.58.1399","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14336,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of The Japan Society for Precision Engineering","volume":"116 1","pages":"156-163"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1992-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87763361","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
I. Fukumoto, Tetuhiko Yamamoto, S. Mekaru, K. Nakayama
{"title":"In-process sensing of abnormal grinding condition caused by loading chps using ADF","authors":"I. Fukumoto, Tetuhiko Yamamoto, S. Mekaru, K. Nakayama","doi":"10.2493/JJSPE.58.1190","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2493/JJSPE.58.1190","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14336,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of The Japan Society for Precision Engineering","volume":"49 1","pages":"1190-1196"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1992-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73836141","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Speedy and accurate positioning is important for mechatronics products. It is necessary for optimum design to consider mechanical vibration and control. Control designs with mechanical vibrations have two problems : One is a difficulty to input suitable vibration characteristics, the other is an increase in the degree of an equation. Vibration characteristics influence system stability and collocation. This paper describes the analysis system for vibration control using FEM analysis. Mechanical vibrations are analyzed by FEM easily. This analysis system reads modal parameters from FEM output file and control block diagrams are input in dialogue. The analysis results are frequency response, step response and root locus. So it is possible to achieve optimum design for control with a mechanical system having multi-degrees of freedom.
{"title":"Vibration Control Analysis System utilizing a Mechanical Dynamics Model.","authors":"H. Hamamatsu, T. Sumimoto, Y. Araki","doi":"10.2493/JJSPE.58.1315","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2493/JJSPE.58.1315","url":null,"abstract":"Speedy and accurate positioning is important for mechatronics products. It is necessary for optimum design to consider mechanical vibration and control. Control designs with mechanical vibrations have two problems : One is a difficulty to input suitable vibration characteristics, the other is an increase in the degree of an equation. Vibration characteristics influence system stability and collocation. This paper describes the analysis system for vibration control using FEM analysis. Mechanical vibrations are analyzed by FEM easily. This analysis system reads modal parameters from FEM output file and control block diagrams are input in dialogue. The analysis results are frequency response, step response and root locus. So it is possible to achieve optimum design for control with a mechanical system having multi-degrees of freedom.","PeriodicalId":14336,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of The Japan Society for Precision Engineering","volume":"130 1","pages":"1315-1320"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1992-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81722161","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Rectangular squeeze-film gas bearing using a piezoelectric actuator. Application to a linear motion guide","authors":"S. Yoshimoto, Y. Anno","doi":"10.2493/JJSPE.58.527","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2493/JJSPE.58.527","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14336,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of The Japan Society for Precision Engineering","volume":"104 1","pages":"259-263"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1992-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80847567","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper deals with the improvement of hole accuracy by piloting drills. The piloting drills have two short cutting edges and a piloting part on the projection of twist drill point. Experiments showed the following results. These drills improve the roundness at the hole entrance, because the wandering motion of drills can be suppressed by a short chisel edge and has already damped under the effect of a piloting part when the corners of primary cutting edges enter workpiece. In the rotating drill-stationary workpiece system piloting drills produce smaller hole oversize, hole deviation of axis and its scatter at the hole entrance than conically ground drills. Further improvement of them can be obtained by two-step feed, which consists of a very small feed rate and an ordinary feed rate before and after the primary cutting edges enter workpiece, respectively. The improvement of hole accuracy results from small oversize of pilot hole at a small feed rate. Longer piloting part is desirable from the viewpoint of the reduction in hole oversize.
{"title":"Improvement of Hole Accuracy by Piloting Drills.","authors":"H. Onikura, A. Katsuki, T. Kanda, S. Horiike","doi":"10.2493/JJSPE.58.111","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2493/JJSPE.58.111","url":null,"abstract":"This paper deals with the improvement of hole accuracy by piloting drills. The piloting drills have two short cutting edges and a piloting part on the projection of twist drill point. Experiments showed the following results. These drills improve the roundness at the hole entrance, because the wandering motion of drills can be suppressed by a short chisel edge and has already damped under the effect of a piloting part when the corners of primary cutting edges enter workpiece. In the rotating drill-stationary workpiece system piloting drills produce smaller hole oversize, hole deviation of axis and its scatter at the hole entrance than conically ground drills. Further improvement of them can be obtained by two-step feed, which consists of a very small feed rate and an ordinary feed rate before and after the primary cutting edges enter workpiece, respectively. The improvement of hole accuracy results from small oversize of pilot hole at a small feed rate. Longer piloting part is desirable from the viewpoint of the reduction in hole oversize.","PeriodicalId":14336,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of The Japan Society for Precision Engineering","volume":"2 1","pages":"111-116"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1992-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89558302","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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