The block diagram compiler known as BLØDI was put into use at Bell Laboratories in 1959 and reported in the Bell System Technical Journal in 1961. The compiler has been completely rewritten to provide substantially increased flexibility. The new program is called BLØDIB.
{"title":"The new block diagram compiler for simulation of sampled-data systems","authors":"B. J. Karafin","doi":"10.1145/1463891.1463896","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1463891.1463896","url":null,"abstract":"The block diagram compiler known as BLØDI was put into use at Bell Laboratories in 1959 and reported in the Bell System Technical Journal in 1961. The compiler has been completely rewritten to provide substantially increased flexibility. The new program is called BLØDIB.","PeriodicalId":143723,"journal":{"name":"AFIPS '65 (Fall, part I)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1965-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128770824","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The field of digital simulation language, although barely ten years old, has shown a remarkable growth and vigor. The very number and diversity of languages suggests that the field suffers from a lack of perspective and direction.
{"title":"Digital simulation languages: a critique and a guide","authors":"J. Clancy, M. Fineberg","doi":"10.1145/1463891.1463894","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1463891.1463894","url":null,"abstract":"The field of digital simulation language, although barely ten years old, has shown a remarkable growth and vigor. The very number and diversity of languages suggests that the field suffers from a lack of perspective and direction.","PeriodicalId":143723,"journal":{"name":"AFIPS '65 (Fall, part I)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1965-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128180643","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Historically, statistics seems to have been the primary mode of data analysis in the social sciences. It would appear at this time that we are still, to a large extent, using statistical methods developed prior to the advent of the digital computer and that these are now just transposed bodily onto a digital computer to perform the calculations. In this paper we attempt to demonstrate that there exists a class of techniques more suitably oriented toward the capabilities of the digital computer than are conventional analytic statistical techniques. We maintain that these techniques are capable of considering details in social sciences data, that is, relating the individuals described in the data.
{"title":"Data analysis in the social sciences: what about the details?","authors":"G. Ball","doi":"10.1145/1463891.1463950","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1463891.1463950","url":null,"abstract":"Historically, statistics seems to have been the primary mode of data analysis in the social sciences. It would appear at this time that we are still, to a large extent, using statistical methods developed prior to the advent of the digital computer and that these are now just transposed bodily onto a digital computer to perform the calculations. In this paper we attempt to demonstrate that there exists a class of techniques more suitably oriented toward the capabilities of the digital computer than are conventional analytic statistical techniques. We maintain that these techniques are capable of considering details in social sciences data, that is, relating the individuals described in the data.","PeriodicalId":143723,"journal":{"name":"AFIPS '65 (Fall, part I)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1965-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129401054","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The cobweb cellular arrays are embellishments of the cutpoint cellular array that are made by complicating the cell-interconnection structure. This new class of arrays will allow for more economical and efficient logical designs than are possible in cutpoint arrays. As a background to the new arrays, the properties of the cutpoint array will be reviewed.
{"title":"Cobweb cellular arrays","authors":"R. C. Minnick","doi":"10.1145/1463891.1463930","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1463891.1463930","url":null,"abstract":"The cobweb cellular arrays are embellishments of the cutpoint cellular array that are made by complicating the cell-interconnection structure. This new class of arrays will allow for more economical and efficient logical designs than are possible in cutpoint arrays. As a background to the new arrays, the properties of the cutpoint array will be reviewed.","PeriodicalId":143723,"journal":{"name":"AFIPS '65 (Fall, part I)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1965-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127872314","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The Computer Technology Section of the National Bureau of Standards is currently engaged in an extensive program to develop advanced techniques for improving user communication with large ADP systems. This program is an outgrowth of a number of projects in which the Section has been called upon to assist other agencies in the solution of a variety of data processing applications.
{"title":"Magic: a machine for automatic graphics interface to a computer","authors":"D. E. Rippy, D. Humphries","doi":"10.1145/1463891.1463981","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1463891.1463981","url":null,"abstract":"The Computer Technology Section of the National Bureau of Standards is currently engaged in an extensive program to develop advanced techniques for improving user communication with large ADP systems. This program is an outgrowth of a number of projects in which the Section has been called upon to assist other agencies in the solution of a variety of data processing applications.","PeriodicalId":143723,"journal":{"name":"AFIPS '65 (Fall, part I)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1965-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115021653","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The modern art of computation has developed from plugboard programming through the stored machine instruction programs controlled by the users on the consoles, then to problem-oriented symbolic programs computed in the batch mode, towards the on-line computing during which the users have a large amount of control over their programs. The lower cost per computation and flexibilities of a large capacity high-speed computer naturally lead us to consider the provision of on-line computing service to several users on a single high-performance machine in a time-sharing mode, rather than several smaller machines, one for each individual. To maximize the efficiency of a man-machine team working in an on-line computing mode, it is desirable to let the man choose the language---say English---for communication and to let the machine do the translation. This idealistic goal is not impossible, but is currently impractical. A good compromise is to select as the user language a formal language such as ALGOL, FORTRAN or LISP which has a set of explicit syntactical rules and a small set of basic vocabulary. The user then may extend the vocabulary by declarative statements and communicate with the machine in the extended vocabulary. Due to frequent message exchanges between the man and the machine during on-line computing, the machine representation of users' programs must be easy to modify at the source language level. The technological trend towards large random access memory suggests the retention of several users' programs in core simultaneously, hence mutual memory protection must be ensured.
{"title":"Structuring programs for multiprogram time-sharing on-line applications","authors":"K. Lock","doi":"10.1145/1463891.1463941","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1463891.1463941","url":null,"abstract":"The modern art of computation has developed from plugboard programming through the stored machine instruction programs controlled by the users on the consoles, then to problem-oriented symbolic programs computed in the batch mode, towards the on-line computing during which the users have a large amount of control over their programs. The lower cost per computation and flexibilities of a large capacity high-speed computer naturally lead us to consider the provision of on-line computing service to several users on a single high-performance machine in a time-sharing mode, rather than several smaller machines, one for each individual. To maximize the efficiency of a man-machine team working in an on-line computing mode, it is desirable to let the man choose the language---say English---for communication and to let the machine do the translation. This idealistic goal is not impossible, but is currently impractical. A good compromise is to select as the user language a formal language such as ALGOL, FORTRAN or LISP which has a set of explicit syntactical rules and a small set of basic vocabulary. The user then may extend the vocabulary by declarative statements and communicate with the machine in the extended vocabulary. Due to frequent message exchanges between the man and the machine during on-line computing, the machine representation of users' programs must be easy to modify at the source language level. The technological trend towards large random access memory suggests the retention of several users' programs in core simultaneously, hence mutual memory protection must be ensured.","PeriodicalId":143723,"journal":{"name":"AFIPS '65 (Fall, part I)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1965-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114387923","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The development of the Associative Structure Computer (ASC) was partly motivated by the opportunities and problems of designing, manufacturing, interconnecting and using batch fabricated devices, particularly cryotrons. Some of these points are discussed in the third paper of this series, "The Associative Structure Computer," which describes the machine organization. ASC is constructed with only two types of modules. One module is described in the second paper of this series, "The Associative Switching Structure." This paper, the first of the series, discusses the other module, the Associative Memory Structure.
{"title":"The associative memory structure","authors":"B. G. McKeever","doi":"10.1145/1463891.1463933","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1463891.1463933","url":null,"abstract":"The development of the Associative Structure Computer (ASC) was partly motivated by the opportunities and problems of designing, manufacturing, interconnecting and using batch fabricated devices, particularly cryotrons. Some of these points are discussed in the third paper of this series, \"The Associative Structure Computer,\" which describes the machine organization. ASC is constructed with only two types of modules. One module is described in the second paper of this series, \"The Associative Switching Structure.\" This paper, the first of the series, discusses the other module, the Associative Memory Structure.","PeriodicalId":143723,"journal":{"name":"AFIPS '65 (Fall, part I)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1965-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125783578","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The widespread use of military simulations as a tool for predicting and evaluating systems operations has led investigators to ferret out the generic structure underlying the construct of such simulations. Although a good deal of success has been encountered in this effort, it is evident that only a start in this direction has been achieved thus far. In this discussion, we will indicate where the state-of-the-art rests today and attempt to point out further areas of investigation where new inroads may exist.
{"title":"Structure and dynamics of military simulations","authors":"E. Levine","doi":"10.1145/1463891.1463919","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1463891.1463919","url":null,"abstract":"The widespread use of military simulations as a tool for predicting and evaluating systems operations has led investigators to ferret out the generic structure underlying the construct of such simulations. Although a good deal of success has been encountered in this effort, it is evident that only a start in this direction has been achieved thus far. In this discussion, we will indicate where the state-of-the-art rests today and attempt to point out further areas of investigation where new inroads may exist.","PeriodicalId":143723,"journal":{"name":"AFIPS '65 (Fall, part I)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1965-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132012645","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
AESOP is an experimental on-line information control system realized in the Systems Design Laboratory of The MITRE Corporation. It serves as a prototype for a class of management or command information systems capable of giving the members of the using organization as much on-line control over system performance as possible. It is a CRT display-oriented system in that the user experiences the information system primarily through his CRT displays and exercises his control through his light pencil. This control is not limited to that level of the organization responsible for programming the system, but applies upward to the highest level of executive personnel interested in obtaining direct access to the system.
{"title":"AESOP: a prototype for on-line user control of organizational data storage, retrieval and processing","authors":"E. Bennett, E. Haines, J. Summers","doi":"10.1145/1463891.1463940","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1463891.1463940","url":null,"abstract":"AESOP is an experimental on-line information control system realized in the Systems Design Laboratory of The MITRE Corporation. It serves as a prototype for a class of management or command information systems capable of giving the members of the using organization as much on-line control over system performance as possible. It is a CRT display-oriented system in that the user experiences the information system primarily through his CRT displays and exercises his control through his light pencil. This control is not limited to that level of the organization responsible for programming the system, but applies upward to the highest level of executive personnel interested in obtaining direct access to the system.","PeriodicalId":143723,"journal":{"name":"AFIPS '65 (Fall, part I)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1965-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126311437","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Monolithic arrays of ferrite memory elements are being used to produce low-cost, high-speed memory stacks. These elements are made by the simple batch fabrication technique of laminating ferrite sheets with embedded conductors. This process, evolved at the RCA Research Center, Princeton, New Jersey, was selected for material development by the Electronic Components and Devices Division and for system development by DEP Applied Research.
{"title":"Monolithic ferrite memories","authors":"I. Abeyta, M. Kaufman, P. Lawrence","doi":"10.1145/1463891.1464003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1463891.1464003","url":null,"abstract":"Monolithic arrays of ferrite memory elements are being used to produce low-cost, high-speed memory stacks. These elements are made by the simple batch fabrication technique of laminating ferrite sheets with embedded conductors. This process, evolved at the RCA Research Center, Princeton, New Jersey, was selected for material development by the Electronic Components and Devices Division and for system development by DEP Applied Research.","PeriodicalId":143723,"journal":{"name":"AFIPS '65 (Fall, part I)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1965-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121231304","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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