Simplification is a central and basic operation in the manipulation of mathematical expressions. Indeed, much of the tedious algebra that plagues scientists and engineers involves the time-consuming application of simplifying transformations to unwieldly mathematical expressions. It seems obvious, conceptually, that some simplifying transformations can be applied "automatically" to arbitrary expressions. However, there are transformations that require special handling; they simplify some expressions and complicate others.
{"title":"Automatic simplification in FORMAC","authors":"R. Tobey, R. Bobrow, S. Zilles","doi":"10.1145/1463891.1463895","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1463891.1463895","url":null,"abstract":"Simplification is a central and basic operation in the manipulation of mathematical expressions. Indeed, much of the tedious algebra that plagues scientists and engineers involves the time-consuming application of simplifying transformations to unwieldly mathematical expressions. It seems obvious, conceptually, that some simplifying transformations can be applied \"automatically\" to arbitrary expressions. However, there are transformations that require special handling; they simplify some expressions and complicate others.","PeriodicalId":143723,"journal":{"name":"AFIPS '65 (Fall, part I)","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1965-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123365382","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The B8500 Modular Data Processing system is the latest design in the rapidly growing family of Burroughs Modular Computers. As in previous modular systems, the Burroughs Corporation has found it expedient and efficient to utilize scratchpad memories to enhance the performance of the computer and other modules. This paper will describe in detail the application of multifunctional scratchpad memories in the computer module of the B8500 system.
{"title":"Impact of scratchpads in design: multifunctional scratchpad memories in the Burroughs B8500","authors":"S. E. Gluck","doi":"10.1145/1463891.1463963","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1463891.1463963","url":null,"abstract":"The B8500 Modular Data Processing system is the latest design in the rapidly growing family of Burroughs Modular Computers. As in previous modular systems, the Burroughs Corporation has found it expedient and efficient to utilize scratchpad memories to enhance the performance of the computer and other modules. This paper will describe in detail the application of multifunctional scratchpad memories in the computer module of the B8500 system.","PeriodicalId":143723,"journal":{"name":"AFIPS '65 (Fall, part I)","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1965-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129641937","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The corrugated container industry currently comprises approximately 850 plants, centered mostly in larger industrial areas. The average container plant employs 88 people and has an annual sales revenue of two million dollars. In a working day, the plant will produce upwards of 100,000 containers to meet the shipping requirements of neighboring industry.
{"title":"Corrugator plant operating system","authors":"W. J. Koch","doi":"10.1145/1463891.1463987","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1463891.1463987","url":null,"abstract":"The corrugated container industry currently comprises approximately 850 plants, centered mostly in larger industrial areas. The average container plant employs 88 people and has an annual sales revenue of two million dollars. In a working day, the plant will produce upwards of 100,000 containers to meet the shipping requirements of neighboring industry.","PeriodicalId":143723,"journal":{"name":"AFIPS '65 (Fall, part I)","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1965-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127534054","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The central processors of conventional computers may be roughly divided into two sections, an arithmetic section, which performs operations analogous to arithmetic upon representations of numbers, and a control section, which produces essentially a sequential group of gating pulses to accomplish the desired manipulation in the arithmetic section.
{"title":"Picoprogramming: a new approach to internal computer control","authors":"B. Briley","doi":"10.1145/1463891.1463900","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1463891.1463900","url":null,"abstract":"The central processors of conventional computers may be roughly divided into two sections, an arithmetic section, which performs operations analogous to arithmetic upon representations of numbers, and a control section, which produces essentially a sequential group of gating pulses to accomplish the desired manipulation in the arithmetic section.","PeriodicalId":143723,"journal":{"name":"AFIPS '65 (Fall, part I)","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1965-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127941728","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The advances that have been made recently in monolithic chip semiconductor logic circuits have significantly contributed toward the development of high-speed, low-power computers. These advances also emphasize the need for marked improvements in storage techniques if the operating speeds, the weight, and the electrical power of future computers, especially airborne or spaceborne computers, are not to be adversely affected by the computer memory.
{"title":"A silicon monolithic memory utilizing a new storage element","authors":"R. Shively","doi":"10.1145/1463891.1463961","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1463891.1463961","url":null,"abstract":"The advances that have been made recently in monolithic chip semiconductor logic circuits have significantly contributed toward the development of high-speed, low-power computers. These advances also emphasize the need for marked improvements in storage techniques if the operating speeds, the weight, and the electrical power of future computers, especially airborne or spaceborne computers, are not to be adversely affected by the computer memory.","PeriodicalId":143723,"journal":{"name":"AFIPS '65 (Fall, part I)","volume":"791 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1965-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117047978","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The concept of active circuit data storage (flip-flop) is as old as electronic data processing systems. The attributes of highest access speed, steady state nondestructive readout and flexibility of application have been partially offset by higher costs and higher standby power per storage bit. As a result, flip-flop storage has until recently been really only feasible for registers.
{"title":"An integrated semiconductor memory system","authors":"H. A. Perkins, J. Schmidt","doi":"10.1145/1463891.1464007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1463891.1464007","url":null,"abstract":"The concept of active circuit data storage (flip-flop) is as old as electronic data processing systems. The attributes of highest access speed, steady state nondestructive readout and flexibility of application have been partially offset by higher costs and higher standby power per storage bit. As a result, flip-flop storage has until recently been really only feasible for registers.","PeriodicalId":143723,"journal":{"name":"AFIPS '65 (Fall, part I)","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1965-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127461918","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Glenn E. Roudabush, Charles R. T. Bacon, R. Briggs, James A. Fierst, Dale W. Isner, Hiroshi A. Noguni
To paint a broad though much simplified picture, let us suppose at the outset that scholarship begins with the collection of facts. These facts are of two distinct kinds. The first are observations and they consist, for example, of the results of controlled experiments or observations for field work in the case of science or, perhaps, they are derived from the study of historical documents in the case of history, and so on. The second kind of facts are the reported observations, descriptions of phenomena or events, or the theories provided by contemporary scholars. In aggregate, let us refer to the first kind of facts as "data" and the second as "information." From the confluence of these two kinds of facts in the mind of the scholar, new descriptions and theories are born. When he makes these public, then new information is generated.
{"title":"The left hand of scholarship: computer experiments with recorded text as a communication media","authors":"Glenn E. Roudabush, Charles R. T. Bacon, R. Briggs, James A. Fierst, Dale W. Isner, Hiroshi A. Noguni","doi":"10.1145/1463891.1463936","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1463891.1463936","url":null,"abstract":"To paint a broad though much simplified picture, let us suppose at the outset that scholarship begins with the collection of facts. These facts are of two distinct kinds. The first are observations and they consist, for example, of the results of controlled experiments or observations for field work in the case of science or, perhaps, they are derived from the study of historical documents in the case of history, and so on. The second kind of facts are the reported observations, descriptions of phenomena or events, or the theories provided by contemporary scholars. In aggregate, let us refer to the first kind of facts as \"data\" and the second as \"information.\" From the confluence of these two kinds of facts in the mind of the scholar, new descriptions and theories are born. When he makes these public, then new information is generated.","PeriodicalId":143723,"journal":{"name":"AFIPS '65 (Fall, part I)","volume":"130 3","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1965-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120879486","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In digital differential analyzers and digital computers, simulation is carried out by some form of numerical integration or of replacing a difference differential equation by a difference equation. This paper is concerned with the development of optimum numerical integration and digital simulation techniques and a discussion of the accuracy of these methods when compared with ideal integration.
{"title":"Optimum design and error analysis of digital integrators for discrete system simulation","authors":"A. Sage, R. Burt","doi":"10.1145/1463891.1463993","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1463891.1463993","url":null,"abstract":"In digital differential analyzers and digital computers, simulation is carried out by some form of numerical integration or of replacing a difference differential equation by a difference equation. This paper is concerned with the development of optimum numerical integration and digital simulation techniques and a discussion of the accuracy of these methods when compared with ideal integration.","PeriodicalId":143723,"journal":{"name":"AFIPS '65 (Fall, part I)","volume":"58 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1965-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132659754","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The programs which we will describe were developed to provide a practical system for editing and publishing text with a digital computer. The system consists of an electric typewriter, a computer, a cathode ray tube output unit, and a camera. Text and editorial instructions may be entered into the computer from the typewriter. The computer executes the instructions and prepares a corrected, justified text. The text may be written on the cathode ray tube, photographed by the camera, and published by standard photo-offset printing. Alternatively, it may be written on the typewriter by the computer, or printed on the computer printer.
{"title":"Computer editing, typesetting and image generation","authors":"M. Mathews, Joan E. Miller","doi":"10.1145/1463891.1463935","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1463891.1463935","url":null,"abstract":"The programs which we will describe were developed to provide a practical system for editing and publishing text with a digital computer. The system consists of an electric typewriter, a computer, a cathode ray tube output unit, and a camera. Text and editorial instructions may be entered into the computer from the typewriter. The computer executes the instructions and prepares a corrected, justified text. The text may be written on the cathode ray tube, photographed by the camera, and published by standard photo-offset printing. Alternatively, it may be written on the typewriter by the computer, or printed on the computer printer.","PeriodicalId":143723,"journal":{"name":"AFIPS '65 (Fall, part I)","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1965-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114563900","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A solution to the analysis problem for a class of grammars appropriate to the description of natural languages is essential to any system which involves the automatic processing of natural language inputs for purposes of man-machine communication, translation, information retrieval, or data processing. The analysis procedure for transformational grammars described in this paper was developed to explore the feasibility of using ordinary English as a computer control language.
{"title":"The mitre syntactic analysis procedure for transformational grammars","authors":"A. Zwicky, J. Friedman, B. Hall, D. Walker","doi":"10.1145/1463891.1463928","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1463891.1463928","url":null,"abstract":"A solution to the analysis problem for a class of grammars appropriate to the description of natural languages is essential to any system which involves the automatic processing of natural language inputs for purposes of man-machine communication, translation, information retrieval, or data processing. The analysis procedure for transformational grammars described in this paper was developed to explore the feasibility of using ordinary English as a computer control language.","PeriodicalId":143723,"journal":{"name":"AFIPS '65 (Fall, part I)","volume":"51 5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1965-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114792621","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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