ABSTRACT: This research presents how to build the Vilayet of Beirut, which at the beginning of the Ottoman period was a province affiliated with the Levant, but later became an independent state in 1888, due to its important strategic location and its port, which was considered the only port of Syria. Until it attracted the attention of Western countries, which found in it an important center and location for expansion and spread in the region. So it began to expand its activities by opening many missionary schools and a number of literary, artistic and political societies that promoted Western culture and styles in the region. This city was also connected to the neighborhood through technological investments brought by the Ottoman Empire by granting wide privileges to foreign countries in all fields, such as railways, trams, the electricity company, and the enlightenment of the city were built. This research reveals the impact of foreign influence in the region, which justified how the French influence entered Syria, and the focus on the objectives of foreign schools and what did they practice the cultural destruction by spreading their influence and culture. The research also includes the work of the Beirut municipality during that period, such as repairing and expanding roads and linking its roads to the suburbs and the neighborhood, in addition to some agricultural works that brought seeds and planted them in the city and its vicinity. The research touched on the massive wave of immigration to Egypt, which had negative consequences in terms of a decrease in the population, disruption of military service, and a shortage of agricultural labor. The smuggling of weapons through its port, under the cover of the police and the guards, was also active in Beirut and Mount Lebanon, based on the rumors of a potential conflict, especially after the great clash that occurred between the Druze and the Maronites in 1861. صخلملا : ضرعي اذه ثحبلا ةيفيك ءانب ةيلاو توريب يتلا تناك يف ةيادب دهعلا ينامثعلا ةيلاو عبتت ةيلاو ،ماشلا لاإ نأ تحبصأ اميف دعب ةيلاو ةلقتسم ماع 1888 ،م كلذو ببسب اهعقوم ا يجيتارتسلإ ٍ مهملا اهأفرمو يذلا ربتعا أفرم ايروس ديحولا . ىلإ نأ تتفل راظنأ لودلا ةيبرغلا يتلا تدجو اهيف زكرم ا ً عقومو ا ً مهم ا ً عسوتلل راشتنلإاو يف ةقطنملا . تأدبف عيسوتب اهتاطاشن نم للاخ حتف ديدعلا نم سرادملا ةيريشبتلا ددعو ا ً نم تايعمجلا ةيبدلأا ةينفلاو ةيسايسلاو يتلا ع تززّ ةفاقثلا طامنلأاو ةيبرغلا يف ةقطنملا . امك ت مّ طبر هذه ةنيدملا راوجلاب كلذو نم للاخ تارامثتسلإا ةيجولونكتلا يتلا اهتبلج ةلودلا ةينامثعلا ربع حنم تازايتما ةعساو لودلل ةيبنجلأا يف لك ،تلااجملا تف مّ ءانب طوطخ ككسلا ،ةيديدحلا ،مارتلاو ةكرشو ،ءابرهكلا ريونتو ةنيدملا . فشكيو اذه ثحبلا رثأ ذوفنلا يبنجلأا يف ،ةقطنملا يذلا ب ررّ ةيفيك لوخد ذوفنلا يسنرفلا ىلإ ،ايروس زيكرتلاو ىلع فادهأ سرادملا ةيبنجلأا امو هسرامت نم ريمدت يفاقث نم للاخ رشن اهذوفن اهتفاقثو . امك لوانتي ثحبلا ام هتدهش توريب يف كلت ةرتفلا نم لامعأ ةيدلب حلاصإك تاقرط اهعيسوتو طبرو اهتاقرط يحاونلاب ،راوجلاو ةفاضلإاب ىلإ ضعب لامعلأا ةيعارزلا ن
{"title":"BEIRUT AND ITS VICINITY AT THE END OF THE NINETEENTH CENTURY AND THE BEGINNING OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY بيروت وجوارها في نهاية القرن التاسع عشر وبداية القرن العشرين","authors":"Mustafa Ozturk, Ghina Mrad","doi":"10.54729/2789-8296.1066","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54729/2789-8296.1066","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT: This research presents how to build the Vilayet of Beirut, which at the beginning of the Ottoman period was a province affiliated with the Levant, but later became an independent state in 1888, due to its important strategic location and its port, which was considered the only port of Syria. Until it attracted the attention of Western countries, which found in it an important center and location for expansion and spread in the region. So it began to expand its activities by opening many missionary schools and a number of literary, artistic and political societies that promoted Western culture and styles in the region. This city was also connected to the neighborhood through technological investments brought by the Ottoman Empire by granting wide privileges to foreign countries in all fields, such as railways, trams, the electricity company, and the enlightenment of the city were built. This research reveals the impact of foreign influence in the region, which justified how the French influence entered Syria, and the focus on the objectives of foreign schools and what did they practice the cultural destruction by spreading their influence and culture. The research also includes the work of the Beirut municipality during that period, such as repairing and expanding roads and linking its roads to the suburbs and the neighborhood, in addition to some agricultural works that brought seeds and planted them in the city and its vicinity. The research touched on the massive wave of immigration to Egypt, which had negative consequences in terms of a decrease in the population, disruption of military service, and a shortage of agricultural labor. The smuggling of weapons through its port, under the cover of the police and the guards, was also active in Beirut and Mount Lebanon, based on the rumors of a potential conflict, especially after the great clash that occurred between the Druze and the Maronites in 1861. صخلملا : ضرعي اذه ثحبلا ةيفيك ءانب ةيلاو توريب يتلا تناك يف ةيادب دهعلا ينامثعلا ةيلاو عبتت ةيلاو ،ماشلا لاإ نأ تحبصأ اميف دعب ةيلاو ةلقتسم ماع 1888 ،م كلذو ببسب اهعقوم ا يجيتارتسلإ ٍ مهملا اهأفرمو يذلا ربتعا أفرم ايروس ديحولا . ىلإ نأ تتفل راظنأ لودلا ةيبرغلا يتلا تدجو اهيف زكرم ا ً عقومو ا ً مهم ا ً عسوتلل راشتنلإاو يف ةقطنملا . تأدبف عيسوتب اهتاطاشن نم للاخ حتف ديدعلا نم سرادملا ةيريشبتلا ددعو ا ً نم تايعمجلا ةيبدلأا ةينفلاو ةيسايسلاو يتلا ع تززّ ةفاقثلا طامنلأاو ةيبرغلا يف ةقطنملا . امك ت مّ طبر هذه ةنيدملا راوجلاب كلذو نم للاخ تارامثتسلإا ةيجولونكتلا يتلا اهتبلج ةلودلا ةينامثعلا ربع حنم تازايتما ةعساو لودلل ةيبنجلأا يف لك ،تلااجملا تف مّ ءانب طوطخ ككسلا ،ةيديدحلا ،مارتلاو ةكرشو ،ءابرهكلا ريونتو ةنيدملا . فشكيو اذه ثحبلا رثأ ذوفنلا يبنجلأا يف ،ةقطنملا يذلا ب ررّ ةيفيك لوخد ذوفنلا يسنرفلا ىلإ ،ايروس زيكرتلاو ىلع فادهأ سرادملا ةيبنجلأا امو هسرامت نم ريمدت يفاقث نم للاخ رشن اهذوفن اهتفاقثو . امك لوانتي ثحبلا ام هتدهش توريب يف كلت ةرتفلا نم لامعأ ةيدلب حلاصإك تاقرط اهعيسوتو طبرو اهتاقرط يحاونلاب ،راوجلاو ةفاضلإاب ىلإ ضعب لامعلأا ةيعارزلا ن","PeriodicalId":143734,"journal":{"name":"BAU Journal - Society, Culture and Human Behavior","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126804864","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Our life is becoming increasingly digital and digitized, and the recent shift to an online environment is a major leap. While this rapid advancement in technology has made itself a prominent feature in such fields as medicine, marketing, communications and even education, many assume that the humanities have become a field for dinosaurs. The assumption is that the humanities focus their research output on writing and are firmly founded in a culture of books – a form of records that seem unchangeable in nature, dogmatic in intellect, and fossil-like in their searchability. The world of the digital, on the other hand, is a fluid continuum with incredible potential for creativity, dissemination, interaction, retrieval, analysis and scholarship. This review article, therefore, sets out to outline the history and rise of digital humanities (DH), explore the parameters definitive of DH, and review highlights of DH scholarship conducted currently, with the aim to open new horizons in the Arab World.
{"title":"DIGITAL HUMANITIES: A PARADIGM FOR THE 21ST CENTURY","authors":"L. C. Helmi","doi":"10.54729/2789-8296.1057","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54729/2789-8296.1057","url":null,"abstract":"Our life is becoming increasingly digital and digitized, and the recent shift to an online environment is a major leap. While this rapid advancement in technology has made itself a prominent feature in such fields as medicine, marketing, communications and even education, many assume that the humanities have become a field for dinosaurs. The assumption is that the humanities focus their research output on writing and are firmly founded in a culture of books – a form of records that seem unchangeable in nature, dogmatic in intellect, and fossil-like in their searchability. The world of the digital, on the other hand, is a fluid continuum with incredible potential for creativity, dissemination, interaction, retrieval, analysis and scholarship. This review article, therefore, sets out to outline the history and rise of digital humanities (DH), explore the parameters definitive of DH, and review highlights of DH scholarship conducted currently, with the aim to open new horizons in the Arab World.","PeriodicalId":143734,"journal":{"name":"BAU Journal - Society, Culture and Human Behavior","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115781499","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
COVID-19 (Coronavirus Disease-19), an infectious condition was first identified in December 2019, in Wuhan, in China. It has led to a worldwide pandemic with millions of people affected—not just health wise, but also economically and psychologically. The uncertainty associated with it, has caused immense anxiety, stress and trauma to people all over the world. India’s response to COVID-19 has comprised of a series of phases of Lockdown and subsequent Unlock. In mid-March, India announced a nationwide Lockdown, that led to the closure of educational institutions, factories, work places, transport, cinema halls, hotels, malls etc. The only places that were open during the Lockdown were essential services. Over the next few months, India has entered the Unlock phase, with most services opening to business. The Lockdown and the subsequent Unlock phases had an immense impact on the lives of the common people, who were confined within their houses, or with some flexibility, within their gated communities. In such a context, the researcher made an attempt to understand how caregivers of individuals with Autism coped with the changes brought on by COVID-19, how it impacted on their self-care and mental health and the creative strategies adopted by them to keep their children on the Autism spectrum, engaged. To this end, a Qualitative approach was adopted and a small sample of five (5) parent caregivers, were selected through Purposive Sampling, in the city of Hyderabad, in south India. A Caregiver Self-Assessment Checklist (developed by the Parkinson’s Foundation) was administered to the participants. An openended questionnaire was constructed and telephonic interviews were conducted with the participants. The detailed interviews were then thematically analysed. The study revealed the following—First, the pandemic and the Lockdown was stress inducing (and had far reaching impacts on the caregivers and their families). Secondly, although bogged down by the stressors, the caregivers focused on the positives that the situation brought. Thirdly, the caregivers went above and beyond to creatively engage with their children, even with limited resources at hand. Fourthly, the caregivers tried to engage in self-care activities to improve their mental-health. Fifthly, the scores on the Caregiver Assessment Checklist ranged between ‘Excellent job at taking care of yourself’ and ‘Room for Improvement’ and Sixthly, the caregivers believed that technology provided an important sense of connectedness during the pandemic.
{"title":"SELF CARE, MENTAL HEALTH AND COVID-19: AN EXPLORATORY STUDY OF THE COPING STRATEGIES OF CAREGIVERS OF INDIVIDUALS WITH AUTISM DURING THE PANDEMIC (IN HYDERABAD, INDIA)","authors":"Triveni Goswami Vernal","doi":"10.54729/2789-8296.1052","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54729/2789-8296.1052","url":null,"abstract":"COVID-19 (Coronavirus Disease-19), an infectious condition was first identified in December 2019, in Wuhan, in China. It has led to a worldwide pandemic with millions of people affected—not just health wise, but also economically and psychologically. The uncertainty associated with it, has caused immense anxiety, stress and trauma to people all over the world. India’s response to COVID-19 has comprised of a series of phases of Lockdown and subsequent Unlock. In mid-March, India announced a nationwide Lockdown, that led to the closure of educational institutions, factories, work places, transport, cinema halls, hotels, malls etc. The only places that were open during the Lockdown were essential services. Over the next few months, India has entered the Unlock phase, with most services opening to business. The Lockdown and the subsequent Unlock phases had an immense impact on the lives of the common people, who were confined within their houses, or with some flexibility, within their gated communities. In such a context, the researcher made an attempt to understand how caregivers of individuals with Autism coped with the changes brought on by COVID-19, how it impacted on their self-care and mental health and the creative strategies adopted by them to keep their children on the Autism spectrum, engaged. To this end, a Qualitative approach was adopted and a small sample of five (5) parent caregivers, were selected through Purposive Sampling, in the city of Hyderabad, in south India. A Caregiver Self-Assessment Checklist (developed by the Parkinson’s Foundation) was administered to the participants. An openended questionnaire was constructed and telephonic interviews were conducted with the participants. The detailed interviews were then thematically analysed. The study revealed the following—First, the pandemic and the Lockdown was stress inducing (and had far reaching impacts on the caregivers and their families). Secondly, although bogged down by the stressors, the caregivers focused on the positives that the situation brought. Thirdly, the caregivers went above and beyond to creatively engage with their children, even with limited resources at hand. Fourthly, the caregivers tried to engage in self-care activities to improve their mental-health. Fifthly, the scores on the Caregiver Assessment Checklist ranged between ‘Excellent job at taking care of yourself’ and ‘Room for Improvement’ and Sixthly, the caregivers believed that technology provided an important sense of connectedness during the pandemic.","PeriodicalId":143734,"journal":{"name":"BAU Journal - Society, Culture and Human Behavior","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114768892","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"FINANCIAL STRUCTURE AND SYSTEMIC RISK: EVIDENCE FROM SELECTED MENA REGION COUNTRIES","authors":"M. J. Houshaimi","doi":"10.54729/2789-8296.1054","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54729/2789-8296.1054","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":143734,"journal":{"name":"BAU Journal - Society, Culture and Human Behavior","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121664970","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"THE EFFECT OF LEADER-MEMBER EXCHANGE, CO-WORKER COOPERATION AND LOCUS OF CONTROL ON EMPLOYEE OUTCOMES IN LEBANESE SMES: PERCEPTIONS OF POLITICS AS A MEDIATOR","authors":"Sakina El Jisr, A. Beydoun, Nehale Mostapha","doi":"10.54729/2789-8296.1047","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54729/2789-8296.1047","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":143734,"journal":{"name":"BAU Journal - Society, Culture and Human Behavior","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115102330","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The aims of the present study were (1) to explore sex-related differences and (2) to estimate the associations between resilience, emotion regulation, peer relationship, humor, and body-esteem. A sample of Indian college students (N = 1000) took part in this study. They responded to the Hindi versions of the resilience scale, emotion regulation questionnaire for children and adolescents, peer relationship scale, humor style questionnaire, and body-esteem scale. Results indicated that men obtained higher mean scores on resilience, peer relationship, humor, and body-esteem than women. All the correlations between the variables were statistically significant and positive. It was concluded that those who consider themselves as resilient experienced greater emotion regulation, body-esteem, humor, and peer relationship.
{"title":"RESILIENCE, EMOTION REGULATION, PEER RELATIONSHIP, HUMOR AND BODY-ESTEEM IN INDIAN COLLEGE STUDENTS","authors":"Shweta Singh, A. P. Singh","doi":"10.54729/2789-8296.1056","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54729/2789-8296.1056","url":null,"abstract":"The aims of the present study were (1) to explore sex-related differences and (2) to estimate the associations between resilience, emotion regulation, peer relationship, humor, and body-esteem. A sample of Indian college students (N = 1000) took part in this study. They responded to the Hindi versions of the resilience scale, emotion regulation questionnaire for children and adolescents, peer relationship scale, humor style questionnaire, and body-esteem scale. Results indicated that men obtained higher mean scores on resilience, peer relationship, humor, and body-esteem than women. All the correlations between the variables were statistically significant and positive. It was concluded that those who consider themselves as resilient experienced greater emotion regulation, body-esteem, humor, and peer relationship.","PeriodicalId":143734,"journal":{"name":"BAU Journal - Society, Culture and Human Behavior","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127724371","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"THE OTTOMAN CONSTITUTIONAL EXPERIENCE UNDER SULTAN ABDEL HAMID II (1876-1909)التجربة الدستورية العثمانية في عهد السلطان عبد الحميد الثاني 1876-1909","authors":"Hassan Hallak","doi":"10.54729/2789-8296.1065","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54729/2789-8296.1065","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":143734,"journal":{"name":"BAU Journal - Society, Culture and Human Behavior","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114311381","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"THE ROLE OF COUNTRY OF ORIGIN, PERCEIVED VALUE, TRUST, AND INFLUENCER MARKETING IN DETERMINING PURCHASE INTENTION IN SOCIAL COMMERCE","authors":"Ali A. Abou Ali, Alaa A. Ali, Nehale Mostapha","doi":"10.54729/2789-8296.1051","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54729/2789-8296.1051","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":143734,"journal":{"name":"BAU Journal - Society, Culture and Human Behavior","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131289682","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Parent-Adolescent Relationship (PAR) gets transformed during adolescence, and there is a significant relationship between the adolescent's adjustment and quality of this relationship. A loving and caring relationship full of acceptance with parents offers a health-oriented atmosphere for the growth of the child's abilities in multiple ways. The research findings indicated that the quality of Parent-Adolescent Relationship (PAR) associates with a broader range of positive outcomes, including emotional and mental Well-being, adjustment with the environment, and social competence. The present study was designed to adopt a Parent-Adolescent Scale, which examines the parent-adolescent relation among adolescents of India. In the present study, 13 items from the Parent-Adolescent Scale 21, developed by Husseini et al. (2016), were translated in the Hindi language and adopted in the Indian context. A total 1000 adolescent students from different Hindi speaking states of India responded to the PARS13. An Exploratory Factor Analysis and a Confirmatory Factor Analysis were performed to test the factorial structure of the PARS13, and the internal consistency of the scale was studied. The results supported scale multidimensionality. The obtained Cronbach’s alpha revealed satisfactory internal consistency with a value of 0.82. Based on the psychometric properties obtained, it is concluded that PARS13 is a reliable measure to assess adolescents' parent-adolescent relationship in India.
{"title":"VALIDATION OF THE FACTOR STRUCTURE OF THE PARENT-ADOLESCENT RELATIONSHIP SCALE IN THE INDIAN CONTEXT","authors":"Shweta Singh, A. P. Singh","doi":"10.54729/2789-8296.1055","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54729/2789-8296.1055","url":null,"abstract":"Parent-Adolescent Relationship (PAR) gets transformed during adolescence, and there is a significant relationship between the adolescent's adjustment and quality of this relationship. A loving and caring relationship full of acceptance with parents offers a health-oriented atmosphere for the growth of the child's abilities in multiple ways. The research findings indicated that the quality of Parent-Adolescent Relationship (PAR) associates with a broader range of positive outcomes, including emotional and mental Well-being, adjustment with the environment, and social competence. The present study was designed to adopt a Parent-Adolescent Scale, which examines the parent-adolescent relation among adolescents of India. In the present study, 13 items from the Parent-Adolescent Scale 21, developed by Husseini et al. (2016), were translated in the Hindi language and adopted in the Indian context. A total 1000 adolescent students from different Hindi speaking states of India responded to the PARS13. An Exploratory Factor Analysis and a Confirmatory Factor Analysis were performed to test the factorial structure of the PARS13, and the internal consistency of the scale was studied. The results supported scale multidimensionality. The obtained Cronbach’s alpha revealed satisfactory internal consistency with a value of 0.82. Based on the psychometric properties obtained, it is concluded that PARS13 is a reliable measure to assess adolescents' parent-adolescent relationship in India.","PeriodicalId":143734,"journal":{"name":"BAU Journal - Society, Culture and Human Behavior","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114392268","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract This paper attempts to offer a fresh examination of the relationship between Empson’s early career as a poet and his later erudite, largely influential, critical output. The theme of waste, which dominates his Collected Poems, partly accounts for his decision to abandon poetry, and invest his interest in complexity and ambiguity in a modernist/postmodernist procedure, way ahead of contemporary literary theory at the time. The theme of waste is further highlighted through readings of crucial key poems, as several critics of his time, such as Leavis and Alvarez, accurately signaled. The Empson canon is, thus, enriched, inviting the application of twenty-first century schools such as deconstruction and post-structuralism more broadly, to track down an early reference as well as an origin for literary theory.
{"title":"“TWIXT DEVIL AND DEEP SEA”:WILLIAM EMPSON AS POET-CRITIC","authors":"Essam Fattouh","doi":"10.54729/2789-8296.1063","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54729/2789-8296.1063","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This paper attempts to offer a fresh examination of the relationship between Empson’s early career as a poet and his later erudite, largely influential, critical output. The theme of waste, which dominates his Collected Poems, partly accounts for his decision to abandon poetry, and invest his interest in complexity and ambiguity in a modernist/postmodernist procedure, way ahead of contemporary literary theory at the time. The theme of waste is further highlighted through readings of crucial key poems, as several critics of his time, such as Leavis and Alvarez, accurately signaled. The Empson canon is, thus, enriched, inviting the application of twenty-first century schools such as deconstruction and post-structuralism more broadly, to track down an early reference as well as an origin for literary theory.","PeriodicalId":143734,"journal":{"name":"BAU Journal - Society, Culture and Human Behavior","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123729312","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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