Pub Date : 2014-04-30DOI: 10.15866/IREBIC.V5I2.5014
S. Panda
During different metabolic processes in biological systems, the molecular oxygen can be converted to a number of other reactive forms like superoxide radical anion, singlet oxygen, hydroxyl radical, hydrogen peroxide etc (known as reactive oxygen species). These species are highly reactive and modify the structure and function of all types of bio molecules. Such modifications induce a number of detrimental effects besides some favorable effects. In this review, an attempt has been made to discuss various methods of generation of reactive oxygen species, their impact on biological systems and some defense mechanisms operating in nature to minimize the catastrophic effect of reactive oxygen species.
{"title":"Reactive Oxygen Induced Modification of Biosystem","authors":"S. Panda","doi":"10.15866/IREBIC.V5I2.5014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15866/IREBIC.V5I2.5014","url":null,"abstract":"During different metabolic processes in biological systems, the molecular oxygen can be converted to a number of other reactive forms like superoxide radical anion, singlet oxygen, hydroxyl radical, hydrogen peroxide etc (known as reactive oxygen species). These species are highly reactive and modify the structure and function of all types of bio molecules. Such modifications induce a number of detrimental effects besides some favorable effects. In this review, an attempt has been made to discuss various methods of generation of reactive oxygen species, their impact on biological systems and some defense mechanisms operating in nature to minimize the catastrophic effect of reactive oxygen species.","PeriodicalId":14377,"journal":{"name":"International Review of Biophysical Chemistry","volume":"97 1","pages":"53-56"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89611861","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-04-30DOI: 10.15866/IREBIC.V5I2.5335
Seyed Morteza Zamir, R. Halladj, Milad Ferdowsi
In this research, the elimination of a mixture of toluene and hexane vapors from waste air was studied in a compost biofilter under intermittent condition. The system was operated 10 h a day on the air residence times 0.9, 1.5 and 3 min and 2-3.8 gm-3 of pollutant concentration. Regarding the harsh biological condition of biofilter media such as high pollutant concentration and daily intermittent aeration, reaching the steady-state situation and removal efficiency of 90% lasted about 44 days.
{"title":"Influence of Intermittent Loading on the Removal of High Concentrations of VOCs in a Biofilter","authors":"Seyed Morteza Zamir, R. Halladj, Milad Ferdowsi","doi":"10.15866/IREBIC.V5I2.5335","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15866/IREBIC.V5I2.5335","url":null,"abstract":"In this research, the elimination of a mixture of toluene and hexane vapors from waste air was studied in a compost biofilter under intermittent condition. The system was operated 10 h a day on the air residence times 0.9, 1.5 and 3 min and 2-3.8 gm-3 of pollutant concentration. Regarding the harsh biological condition of biofilter media such as high pollutant concentration and daily intermittent aeration, reaching the steady-state situation and removal efficiency of 90% lasted about 44 days.","PeriodicalId":14377,"journal":{"name":"International Review of Biophysical Chemistry","volume":"42 1","pages":"57-60"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85823682","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-04-30DOI: 10.15866/IREBIC.V5I2.4436
S. Panda
The molecules like water, protein, lipids, deoxyribonucleic acids, carbohydrates etc. are the prime molecules constituting all the living system s in the biosphere. For specific biological function, these molecules require definite conformation and configuration which is provided by different intermolecular forces. In this review, an attempt has been made to discuss various types of intermolecular forces like Dipole-dipole interaction, Ion-dipole and ion-induced dipole interaction, Hydrogen bonding, ,van der Waals forces, Hydrophobic interactions etc. and their possible participation in maintaining structure of biological molecules for specific functions.
{"title":"Intermolecular Forces: Binding Forces for the Existence of Biosystem","authors":"S. Panda","doi":"10.15866/IREBIC.V5I2.4436","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15866/IREBIC.V5I2.4436","url":null,"abstract":"The molecules like water, protein, lipids, deoxyribonucleic acids, carbohydrates etc. are the prime molecules constituting all the living system s in the biosphere. For specific biological function, these molecules require definite conformation and configuration which is provided by different intermolecular forces. In this review, an attempt has been made to discuss various types of intermolecular forces like Dipole-dipole interaction, Ion-dipole and ion-induced dipole interaction, Hydrogen bonding, ,van der Waals forces, Hydrophobic interactions etc. and their possible participation in maintaining structure of biological molecules for specific functions.","PeriodicalId":14377,"journal":{"name":"International Review of Biophysical Chemistry","volume":"9 2","pages":"47-52"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72571381","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-02-28DOI: 10.15866/IREBIC.V5I1.2478
I. Hassan, R. Zakaria, M. El-abd, Y. El-Tawil
Different treatment techniques; based on physical, chemical or biological processes, are used in the removal of organic pollutants from wastewater streams. One of the widely used physical processes is the adsorption process using activated carbon. A modified process utilizing a combined activated carbon-clay mixture was adopted in the present study providing improved efficiency. The present work investigated the effect of the acid and alkali activated clay on the removal efficiency of molasses from a wastewater stream. Acid activated clay resulted in improved efficiency (85%) compared with alkali activated clay. The efficiency of removal increased with increasing the contact time, decreasing the initial pollutant concentration and increasing the solid to liquid ratio. The use of air circulation resulted in an increase in the rate of adsorption since the adsorption process is exothermic. It was also observed that the concentration of microorganisms produced increased as the process is left for an extended period of time. Finally, it was found that the Freundlich isotherm successfully described the adsorption process at all conditions while the Langmuir isotherm described the process only at low concentration of activated clay
{"title":"Study on the Use of Activated Clay in Removal of Molasses from Wastewater in Wastewater Treatment Processes","authors":"I. Hassan, R. Zakaria, M. El-abd, Y. El-Tawil","doi":"10.15866/IREBIC.V5I1.2478","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15866/IREBIC.V5I1.2478","url":null,"abstract":"Different treatment techniques; based on physical, chemical or biological processes, are used in the removal of organic pollutants from wastewater streams. One of the widely used physical processes is the adsorption process using activated carbon. A modified process utilizing a combined activated carbon-clay mixture was adopted in the present study providing improved efficiency. The present work investigated the effect of the acid and alkali activated clay on the removal efficiency of molasses from a wastewater stream. Acid activated clay resulted in improved efficiency (85%) compared with alkali activated clay. The efficiency of removal increased with increasing the contact time, decreasing the initial pollutant concentration and increasing the solid to liquid ratio. The use of air circulation resulted in an increase in the rate of adsorption since the adsorption process is exothermic. It was also observed that the concentration of microorganisms produced increased as the process is left for an extended period of time. Finally, it was found that the Freundlich isotherm successfully described the adsorption process at all conditions while the Langmuir isotherm described the process only at low concentration of activated clay","PeriodicalId":14377,"journal":{"name":"International Review of Biophysical Chemistry","volume":"11 1","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88627217","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-02-28DOI: 10.15866/IREBIC.V5I1.2482
C. Cardona, J. Quintero, O. Sánchez
Fuel ethanol production still represents many technological challenges, due mainly to the implicit complexity and costs of feedstock and other inputs. However, this process has been implemented at different scales, including the commercial one, through tax exemptions or subsides, which seek to lower production costs. In this article main feedstocks for ethanol production are discussed considering their production, advantages and drawbacks. The importance of conditioning and pretreatment as decisive process steps for conversion of feedstocks into ethanol is highlighted. Main methods for conditioning and pretreatmen are presented as well as the enzymatic procedures for starch hydrolysis. The need of pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass is analyzed considering the complexity of this type of raw material. Several methods for pretreatment and detoxification of biomass are briefly described. The difficulties related to the enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose are analyzed considering the enzyme complexes employed and the presence of solid particles in the reaction mixture. Main fermentation and concentration technologies for ethanol production are discussed. Ethanol dehydration technologies, including the most perspective, are disclosed as well. Finally, some environmental aspects of ethanol production are highlighted
{"title":"Challenges in Fuel Ethanol Production","authors":"C. Cardona, J. Quintero, O. Sánchez","doi":"10.15866/IREBIC.V5I1.2482","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15866/IREBIC.V5I1.2482","url":null,"abstract":"Fuel ethanol production still represents many technological challenges, due mainly to the implicit complexity and costs of feedstock and other inputs. However, this process has been implemented at different scales, including the commercial one, through tax exemptions or subsides, which seek to lower production costs. In this article main feedstocks for ethanol production are discussed considering their production, advantages and drawbacks. The importance of conditioning and pretreatment as decisive process steps for conversion of feedstocks into ethanol is highlighted. Main methods for conditioning and pretreatmen are presented as well as the enzymatic procedures for starch hydrolysis. The need of pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass is analyzed considering the complexity of this type of raw material. Several methods for pretreatment and detoxification of biomass are briefly described. The difficulties related to the enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose are analyzed considering the enzyme complexes employed and the presence of solid particles in the reaction mixture. Main fermentation and concentration technologies for ethanol production are discussed. Ethanol dehydration technologies, including the most perspective, are disclosed as well. Finally, some environmental aspects of ethanol production are highlighted","PeriodicalId":14377,"journal":{"name":"International Review of Biophysical Chemistry","volume":"1 1","pages":"20-36"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78507950","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-02-28DOI: 10.15866/IREBIC.V5I1.2479
A. L. Chuah, A. Fakhru’l-Razi
Crude palm oil (CPO) is a renewable bio-based resource. It is an attractive alternative fuel which provides the potential to reduce emission problems. CPO is an example of biofuels that can be blended with petroleum distillates as a fuel in mobile engines and industrial processes to help offset the increasing energy demand. This paper highlights the results of blended Crude palm oil (CPO)/Medium fuel oil (MFO) as an alternative environmentally friendly boiler’s fuel. Physical properties and heating values of the blended fuels been presented. Emission test of a blend containing 50% CPO in MFO fuel was also examined using a commercial boiler had been conducted in a local oil palm mill in Malaysia. The blend burned satisfactorily without major modification to the appliance and fuel delivery system. Emission of SO2, H2S and NOx were very much reduced as compared to the combustion of MFO. Results indicate potential replacement for the petroleum distillates with this blend
{"title":"Boiler Emission Test Using Blended Crude Palm Oil/Medium Fuel Oil as Biofuel: a Case Study in Malaysia","authors":"A. L. Chuah, A. Fakhru’l-Razi","doi":"10.15866/IREBIC.V5I1.2479","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15866/IREBIC.V5I1.2479","url":null,"abstract":"Crude palm oil (CPO) is a renewable bio-based resource. It is an attractive alternative fuel which provides the potential to reduce emission problems. CPO is an example of biofuels that can be blended with petroleum distillates as a fuel in mobile engines and industrial processes to help offset the increasing energy demand. This paper highlights the results of blended Crude palm oil (CPO)/Medium fuel oil (MFO) as an alternative environmentally friendly boiler’s fuel. Physical properties and heating values of the blended fuels been presented. Emission test of a blend containing 50% CPO in MFO fuel was also examined using a commercial boiler had been conducted in a local oil palm mill in Malaysia. The blend burned satisfactorily without major modification to the appliance and fuel delivery system. Emission of SO2, H2S and NOx were very much reduced as compared to the combustion of MFO. Results indicate potential replacement for the petroleum distillates with this blend","PeriodicalId":14377,"journal":{"name":"International Review of Biophysical Chemistry","volume":"71 1","pages":"8-12"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73473932","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-02-28DOI: 10.15866/IREBIC.V5I1.2481
M. Sthel, J. Tavares, G. Lima, G. Mothé, D. Schramm, M. G. Silva, M. Castro
Atmospheric Pollution is one of the most concerning problems faced by the modern society. The anomalous concentration of certain gaseous species can occasion dangerous environmental consequences, such as the degeneration of air quality, acid rain, photochemical smog, ozone layer depletion, health diseases and the global warming. Transport sector is responsible for a great part of the damaging pollutant emitted by anthropogenic sources, what justifies a serious preoccupation in the monitoring of gases emitted in the exhaust of automotive vehicles. In this paper, we discuss the main impacts of the atmospheric pollution, especially the global warming, on the environment and on the human society. We still analyze how biofuels can help to mitigate the global warming, beyond boosting Brazilian development. Finally, we present experimental data of pollutant gases emitted in the exhaust of diesel, natural gas, gasoline and alcohol powered vehicles. The measurements were made using photoacoustic and electrochemical techniques
{"title":"Atmospheric Pollution: Global Warming and a Possible Use of Bio-Fuels in a Wide Scale","authors":"M. Sthel, J. Tavares, G. Lima, G. Mothé, D. Schramm, M. G. Silva, M. Castro","doi":"10.15866/IREBIC.V5I1.2481","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15866/IREBIC.V5I1.2481","url":null,"abstract":"Atmospheric Pollution is one of the most concerning problems faced by the modern society. The anomalous concentration of certain gaseous species can occasion dangerous environmental consequences, such as the degeneration of air quality, acid rain, photochemical smog, ozone layer depletion, health diseases and the global warming. Transport sector is responsible for a great part of the damaging pollutant emitted by anthropogenic sources, what justifies a serious preoccupation in the monitoring of gases emitted in the exhaust of automotive vehicles. In this paper, we discuss the main impacts of the atmospheric pollution, especially the global warming, on the environment and on the human society. We still analyze how biofuels can help to mitigate the global warming, beyond boosting Brazilian development. Finally, we present experimental data of pollutant gases emitted in the exhaust of diesel, natural gas, gasoline and alcohol powered vehicles. The measurements were made using photoacoustic and electrochemical techniques","PeriodicalId":14377,"journal":{"name":"International Review of Biophysical Chemistry","volume":"59 1","pages":"13-19"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88697315","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-12-31DOI: 10.15866/IREBIC.V4I6.2461
A. Aidan, M. Mehrvar, T. Ibrahim, V. Nenov, Raafat Alnaizy
Laboratory-scale experiments were conducted to study the treatment of phenol contaminated wastewater using submerged ceramic membrane bioreactor (SCMBR) with flat-sheet-type ceramic membrane module. The effects of organic loading rate on the phenol degradation were studied using Polyseed bacteria containing a mixed culture of microorganisms with and without acclimatization. The experimental results showed that the phenol removal efficiency was over 75% at phenol concentrations of 400 mg/l with the COD removal efficiency of greater than 80%. For phenol concentrations of 800 mg/l, the removal efficiency dropped to about 40%, however, the system returned to its previous treatment efficiency once the phenol load was removed. As a result, it was observed that the bacteria survived at the high load phenol concentration of 800 mg/l
{"title":"Phenolic Shock Load in a Submerged Ceramic Membrane Bioreactor for the Degradation of Aqueous Phenol","authors":"A. Aidan, M. Mehrvar, T. Ibrahim, V. Nenov, Raafat Alnaizy","doi":"10.15866/IREBIC.V4I6.2461","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15866/IREBIC.V4I6.2461","url":null,"abstract":"Laboratory-scale experiments were conducted to study the treatment of phenol contaminated wastewater using submerged ceramic membrane bioreactor (SCMBR) with flat-sheet-type ceramic membrane module. The effects of organic loading rate on the phenol degradation were studied using Polyseed bacteria containing a mixed culture of microorganisms with and without acclimatization. The experimental results showed that the phenol removal efficiency was over 75% at phenol concentrations of 400 mg/l with the COD removal efficiency of greater than 80%. For phenol concentrations of 800 mg/l, the removal efficiency dropped to about 40%, however, the system returned to its previous treatment efficiency once the phenol load was removed. As a result, it was observed that the bacteria survived at the high load phenol concentration of 800 mg/l","PeriodicalId":14377,"journal":{"name":"International Review of Biophysical Chemistry","volume":"8 1","pages":"227-231"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82626164","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-12-31DOI: 10.15866/IREBIC.V4I6.2459
S. Panda, U. P. Tripathy
Oxygen induced bleaching (ODL) in pulp and paper industry is a predominant process in modern fibre lines of pulp and paper industry because of its environmental and economic benefits. The significances of oxygen delignification include lower chemical requirements in subsequent bleaching sequence, higher brightness of the pulp with equivalent amount of chemicals, lower rejects and reduced water consumption. The process involves the partial replacement of chlorine or chlorine dioxide delignification stages with oxygen delignification. The removal of lignin from the pulp can be done in single stage and double stage of oxygen delignification. Regulatory and economic pressures have driven the pulp and paper industry to implement such new delignification and bleaching practices. In the present paper, an attempt has been made to discuss the theory, mechanism and significances of oxygen delignification in pulp and paper industry
{"title":"Oxygen Induced Bleaching in Pulp and Paper Industry: a Review","authors":"S. Panda, U. P. Tripathy","doi":"10.15866/IREBIC.V4I6.2459","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15866/IREBIC.V4I6.2459","url":null,"abstract":"Oxygen induced bleaching (ODL) in pulp and paper industry is a predominant process in modern fibre lines of pulp and paper industry because of its environmental and economic benefits. The significances of oxygen delignification include lower chemical requirements in subsequent bleaching sequence, higher brightness of the pulp with equivalent amount of chemicals, lower rejects and reduced water consumption. The process involves the partial replacement of chlorine or chlorine dioxide delignification stages with oxygen delignification. The removal of lignin from the pulp can be done in single stage and double stage of oxygen delignification. Regulatory and economic pressures have driven the pulp and paper industry to implement such new delignification and bleaching practices. In the present paper, an attempt has been made to discuss the theory, mechanism and significances of oxygen delignification in pulp and paper industry","PeriodicalId":14377,"journal":{"name":"International Review of Biophysical Chemistry","volume":"4 1","pages":"197-202"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81622718","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-12-31DOI: 10.15866/IREBIC.V4I6.2462
V. Stamatov
The paper provides information on the production methods used in the pine turpentine industry, the availability of the pine turpentine on the world market and an estimate on the capacity for production growth. This estimate is based on the existing figures for softwood production around the world and does not take into account the tremendous capacity for expansion, if the pine turpentine finds its market place as a transport fuel. Next, the paper provides an overview of the main concepts for development of bio-refineries, focussing on the bio-oil and bio-char concepts. The concept of bio-turpentine refinery that is introduced in this paper applies the basic organising principles of the bio refineries to the needs of the pine turpentine industry. The final part of the paper is a discussion on the technical, economic and ethical advantages of the pine turpentine as a transport fuel over an important contestant on the bio-fuel market – the biodiesel
{"title":"Integration of Gum and Wood Naval Stores in Bio-Turpentine Refineries","authors":"V. Stamatov","doi":"10.15866/IREBIC.V4I6.2462","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15866/IREBIC.V4I6.2462","url":null,"abstract":"The paper provides information on the production methods used in the pine turpentine industry, the availability of the pine turpentine on the world market and an estimate on the capacity for production growth. This estimate is based on the existing figures for softwood production around the world and does not take into account the tremendous capacity for expansion, if the pine turpentine finds its market place as a transport fuel. Next, the paper provides an overview of the main concepts for development of bio-refineries, focussing on the bio-oil and bio-char concepts. The concept of bio-turpentine refinery that is introduced in this paper applies the basic organising principles of the bio refineries to the needs of the pine turpentine industry. The final part of the paper is a discussion on the technical, economic and ethical advantages of the pine turpentine as a transport fuel over an important contestant on the bio-fuel market – the biodiesel","PeriodicalId":14377,"journal":{"name":"International Review of Biophysical Chemistry","volume":"26 1","pages":"232-238"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85168644","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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