Pub Date : 2013-12-31DOI: 10.15866/IREBIC.V4I6.2460
I. Cho, C. Somerfield, N. Hilal
Odours in potable waters are the major complaint repeated by customers worldwide. Water utilities have justified or ignored them, because, in most cases, the odorous waters satisfy all of the water laws and registration requirements. For customers however, odour is often the primary judgement of water quality. Odour problems are usually caused by Aqueous Organic Matter (AOM). Furthermore, the AOM can be produced as unexpected by-products (e.g. disinfection by-products) during water treatment processes. Hence, eliminating AOM during water treatment is one of the highest priorities in water utilities. Several investigations have been performed for the identification, characterization, treatment options, and treatability of the AOM. Unfortunately, these researchers have proved that the Conventional Potable Water Treatment (CPWT) processes, which consist of coagulation, sedimentation, rapid media filtration and disinfection, are not suitable for reducing the AOM concentration to a level low enough to alleviate odour problems. These researchers have also justified the introduction of advanced or alternative processes such as granular activated carbon bed adsorption, ozonation and membrane filtration for improving AOM removal. The goal of this review is to look at the research which has been done in this area and to find out the best available operations, in terms of AOM reduction, in current CPWT plants for minimizing odour, that can be performed easily and demand minimum budget and modification. For this purpose, options available such as enhanced coagulation, powdered activated carbon adsorption, oxidation and membrane filtration will be investigated and their efficiencies assessed in comparison with the performance of CPWT processes
{"title":"Odour Problems in Potable Water and its Treatment Options: a Review","authors":"I. Cho, C. Somerfield, N. Hilal","doi":"10.15866/IREBIC.V4I6.2460","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15866/IREBIC.V4I6.2460","url":null,"abstract":"Odours in potable waters are the major complaint repeated by customers worldwide. Water utilities have justified or ignored them, because, in most cases, the odorous waters satisfy all of the water laws and registration requirements. For customers however, odour is often the primary judgement of water quality. Odour problems are usually caused by Aqueous Organic Matter (AOM). Furthermore, the AOM can be produced as unexpected by-products (e.g. disinfection by-products) during water treatment processes. Hence, eliminating AOM during water treatment is one of the highest priorities in water utilities. Several investigations have been performed for the identification, characterization, treatment options, and treatability of the AOM. Unfortunately, these researchers have proved that the Conventional Potable Water Treatment (CPWT) processes, which consist of coagulation, sedimentation, rapid media filtration and disinfection, are not suitable for reducing the AOM concentration to a level low enough to alleviate odour problems. These researchers have also justified the introduction of advanced or alternative processes such as granular activated carbon bed adsorption, ozonation and membrane filtration for improving AOM removal. The goal of this review is to look at the research which has been done in this area and to find out the best available operations, in terms of AOM reduction, in current CPWT plants for minimizing odour, that can be performed easily and demand minimum budget and modification. For this purpose, options available such as enhanced coagulation, powdered activated carbon adsorption, oxidation and membrane filtration will be investigated and their efficiencies assessed in comparison with the performance of CPWT processes","PeriodicalId":14377,"journal":{"name":"International Review of Biophysical Chemistry","volume":"16 1","pages":"203-226"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80397765","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-10-31DOI: 10.15866/IREBIC.V4I5.1656
H. Elmehdi
The elastic properties of gluten samples were extracted from wheat flours of variable protein content, i.e. strength, were investigated using ultrasound using low frequency (50kHz) longitudinal ultrasonic waves. The objective of the experiments was to use ultrasonic parameter as a tool to assess quality of these samples based on their elastic properties, which is determined from the measured longitudinal ultrasonic velocity. The gluten samples were extracted from a set of 7 flour samples with variable protein content ranging from extra strong to soft wheat flours. The variation in the value of ultrasonic velocity in the 7 samples screened was found to be about 1400 m/s between the soft wheat sample and the extra strong one. The results of these experiments demonstrate that ultrasonic measurements can be used as a powerful technique to classify the strength of flours based on flour protein content (FPC). The sensitivity of ultrasound to protein differences between cultivars show that ultrasound can be considered as a tool that has great potential to be used as a selection tool for breeders and provide quantitative information that complements the information provided by conventional screening tests
{"title":"Assessing the Quality of Gluten Proteins Using Acoustic Waves","authors":"H. Elmehdi","doi":"10.15866/IREBIC.V4I5.1656","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15866/IREBIC.V4I5.1656","url":null,"abstract":"The elastic properties of gluten samples were extracted from wheat flours of variable protein content, i.e. strength, were investigated using ultrasound using low frequency (50kHz) longitudinal ultrasonic waves. The objective of the experiments was to use ultrasonic parameter as a tool to assess quality of these samples based on their elastic properties, which is determined from the measured longitudinal ultrasonic velocity. The gluten samples were extracted from a set of 7 flour samples with variable protein content ranging from extra strong to soft wheat flours. The variation in the value of ultrasonic velocity in the 7 samples screened was found to be about 1400 m/s between the soft wheat sample and the extra strong one. The results of these experiments demonstrate that ultrasonic measurements can be used as a powerful technique to classify the strength of flours based on flour protein content (FPC). The sensitivity of ultrasound to protein differences between cultivars show that ultrasound can be considered as a tool that has great potential to be used as a selection tool for breeders and provide quantitative information that complements the information provided by conventional screening tests","PeriodicalId":14377,"journal":{"name":"International Review of Biophysical Chemistry","volume":"31 1","pages":"186-190"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79970208","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-10-31DOI: 10.15866/IREBIC.V4I5.1657
A. Widayat, A. Roesyadi, M. Rachimoellah
The objective of this research is to produce DiEthyl Ether from ethanol broth fermentation by using adsorption - dehydration process with H-zeolite as catalyst. H-zeolite catalyst was synthesized from natural zeolite obtained from District Gunung Kidul, Indonesia. The H-zeolite catalyst was produced with chemical treatment, washing, drying and calcinations processes and then impregnation by using Al /aluminum. The zeolite catalyst was analyzed for its X-ray Diffraction and specific surface area. DiEthyl Ether was produced by adsorption with molecular sieve and then continued by dehydration process. DiEthyl Ether production used a fixed bed reactor with 1/2 in diameter, and ethanol fermentation broth as feed. The operation condition was 140-240oC and atmospheric pressure. The main compounds in the liquid phase of products are diethyl ether, methanol, ethanol and water. The result also showed that the adsorption process can increase purity of ethanol and therefore increase the ethanol conversion. Moreover, increasing operation temperature and ethanol concentration were able to increase the ethanol conversion, while H-zeolite and Alumina catalyst had the same affects in the ethanol conversion
{"title":"The Effect of Temperature and Ethanol Concentration on Diethyl Ether Production by Using Adsorption–Dehydration Process","authors":"A. Widayat, A. Roesyadi, M. Rachimoellah","doi":"10.15866/IREBIC.V4I5.1657","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15866/IREBIC.V4I5.1657","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of this research is to produce DiEthyl Ether from ethanol broth fermentation by using adsorption - dehydration process with H-zeolite as catalyst. H-zeolite catalyst was synthesized from natural zeolite obtained from District Gunung Kidul, Indonesia. The H-zeolite catalyst was produced with chemical treatment, washing, drying and calcinations processes and then impregnation by using Al /aluminum. The zeolite catalyst was analyzed for its X-ray Diffraction and specific surface area. DiEthyl Ether was produced by adsorption with molecular sieve and then continued by dehydration process. DiEthyl Ether production used a fixed bed reactor with 1/2 in diameter, and ethanol fermentation broth as feed. The operation condition was 140-240oC and atmospheric pressure. The main compounds in the liquid phase of products are diethyl ether, methanol, ethanol and water. The result also showed that the adsorption process can increase purity of ethanol and therefore increase the ethanol conversion. Moreover, increasing operation temperature and ethanol concentration were able to increase the ethanol conversion, while H-zeolite and Alumina catalyst had the same affects in the ethanol conversion","PeriodicalId":14377,"journal":{"name":"International Review of Biophysical Chemistry","volume":"13 1","pages":"191-196"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87725823","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-10-31DOI: 10.15866/IREBIC.V4I5.1654
A. Attaelmanan, H. Omar
Tarminalia Brownii is a plant used for many purposes. It is used as a source of fire wood, for animal fodder or as a traditional medication for a number of diseases. The chemical elements and compounds present in the plant's bark were investigated using a number of analytical techniques, in order to collect more information pertaining to the chemistry of the plant's bark. Powdered air dried bark chips were analyzed for their contents of: dry matter (DM), moisture, crude protein, total Kjeldahl Nitrogen (TKN) and acid detergent fiber (ADF). In addition elemental and molecular compositions were investigated using ICP and FT-IR, while XRF was utilized to determine the crystalline state. The bark samples are found to contain high calcium concentrations (68%) present in the form of calcium and potassium oxalates, Chloropicrin and Diphosphoryl chloride. Only calcium oxalate monohydrate (Whewellite) is present in crystalline form
{"title":"Elemental and Molecular Composition of Terminalia Brownii's Bark","authors":"A. Attaelmanan, H. Omar","doi":"10.15866/IREBIC.V4I5.1654","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15866/IREBIC.V4I5.1654","url":null,"abstract":"Tarminalia Brownii is a plant used for many purposes. It is used as a source of fire wood, for animal fodder or as a traditional medication for a number of diseases. The chemical elements and compounds present in the plant's bark were investigated using a number of analytical techniques, in order to collect more information pertaining to the chemistry of the plant's bark. Powdered air dried bark chips were analyzed for their contents of: dry matter (DM), moisture, crude protein, total Kjeldahl Nitrogen (TKN) and acid detergent fiber (ADF). In addition elemental and molecular compositions were investigated using ICP and FT-IR, while XRF was utilized to determine the crystalline state. The bark samples are found to contain high calcium concentrations (68%) present in the form of calcium and potassium oxalates, Chloropicrin and Diphosphoryl chloride. Only calcium oxalate monohydrate (Whewellite) is present in crystalline form","PeriodicalId":14377,"journal":{"name":"International Review of Biophysical Chemistry","volume":"41 4 1","pages":"157-160"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79202977","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-10-31DOI: 10.15866/IREBIC.V4I5.1655
Soma Banerjee, Siddhi Chaudhuri, S. Pal
Benzo[a]pyrene (BP), a potential carcinogen in a class of pyrene derivatives shows interesting photophysics including very sharp vibronic structures in the emission spectrum. A detail spectroscopic study on the close interaction of the carcinogenic molecule with other biologically relevant macromolecules through ultrafast energy/charge transfer reactions is the motive of the present review. Firstly, we present our picosecond resolved studies on the Forster resonance energy transfer (FRET) from various vibronic bands in BP, showing strong dependency on the spectral overlap of an energy acceptor in a confined environment. Our study on the dipolar interactions between BP and different acceptors ethidium (Et), acridine orange (AO) and crystal violet (CV) at the surface of a model anionic micelle reveals the Forster distance (R0) and the rate of energy transfer to be dependent on the individual spectral overlap of the vibronic bands of BP with the absorption spectra of different energy acceptors. The differential behaviour of the vibronic bands is compared with that of different dyes (quantum dots; QDs) in a ‘dye-blend’ (mixture) under FRET to an energy acceptor. Such comparison of the FRET of QDs with that of BP, not only confirms independent nature of dipolar interaction of the vibronic bands with other organic molecules, the use of deconvolution technique in the interpretation of the donor-acceptor (D-A) distance has also been justified. We have also shown that consideration of differential FRET from vibronic bands of BP and from the QDs in the ‘dye-blend’ is equally acceptable in the theoretical frameworks including ‘Infelta-Tachiya’ model and D-A distribution analysis in the nano-environments. While such energy transfer reactions act as “spectroscopic ruler” to measure the distance between two sites on a macromolecule, reactions involving electron transfer (ET)/charge transfer (CT) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) play a pivotal role in carcinogenesis and cancer biochemistry. The review further emphasizes our studies on UVA radiation induced ET reaction as one of the key aspects of BP in the presence of a wide variety of molecules covering organic para-benzoquinone (BQ), biological macromolecules like calf-thymus DNA (CT-DNA), human serum albumin (HSA) protein and inorganic zinc oxide (ZnO) nanorods (NRs). Steady-state and picosecond-resolved fluorescence spectroscopy have been used to monitor such ET reactions. Physical consequences of BP association with CT-DNA have been investigated through temperature-dependent circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy. The temperature-dependent steady-state, picosecond-resolved fluorescence lifetime and anisotropy studies reveal the effect of temperature on the perturbation of such ET reactions from BP to biological macromolecules, highlighting their temperature-dependent association. Furthermore, the electron donating property of BP has been corroborated by measuring wavelength-dependent photocurrent in a BP-an
{"title":"Ultrafast Spectroscopic Studies on the Interaction of a Potential Food Carcinogen with Biologically Relevant Macromolecules","authors":"Soma Banerjee, Siddhi Chaudhuri, S. Pal","doi":"10.15866/IREBIC.V4I5.1655","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15866/IREBIC.V4I5.1655","url":null,"abstract":"Benzo[a]pyrene (BP), a potential carcinogen in a class of pyrene derivatives shows interesting photophysics including very sharp vibronic structures in the emission spectrum. A detail spectroscopic study on the close interaction of the carcinogenic molecule with other biologically relevant macromolecules through ultrafast energy/charge transfer reactions is the motive of the present review. Firstly, we present our picosecond resolved studies on the Forster resonance energy transfer (FRET) from various vibronic bands in BP, showing strong dependency on the spectral overlap of an energy acceptor in a confined environment. Our study on the dipolar interactions between BP and different acceptors ethidium (Et), acridine orange (AO) and crystal violet (CV) at the surface of a model anionic micelle reveals the Forster distance (R0) and the rate of energy transfer to be dependent on the individual spectral overlap of the vibronic bands of BP with the absorption spectra of different energy acceptors. The differential behaviour of the vibronic bands is compared with that of different dyes (quantum dots; QDs) in a ‘dye-blend’ (mixture) under FRET to an energy acceptor. Such comparison of the FRET of QDs with that of BP, not only confirms independent nature of dipolar interaction of the vibronic bands with other organic molecules, the use of deconvolution technique in the interpretation of the donor-acceptor (D-A) distance has also been justified. We have also shown that consideration of differential FRET from vibronic bands of BP and from the QDs in the ‘dye-blend’ is equally acceptable in the theoretical frameworks including ‘Infelta-Tachiya’ model and D-A distribution analysis in the nano-environments. While such energy transfer reactions act as “spectroscopic ruler” to measure the distance between two sites on a macromolecule, reactions involving electron transfer (ET)/charge transfer (CT) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) play a pivotal role in carcinogenesis and cancer biochemistry. The review further emphasizes our studies on UVA radiation induced ET reaction as one of the key aspects of BP in the presence of a wide variety of molecules covering organic para-benzoquinone (BQ), biological macromolecules like calf-thymus DNA (CT-DNA), human serum albumin (HSA) protein and inorganic zinc oxide (ZnO) nanorods (NRs). Steady-state and picosecond-resolved fluorescence spectroscopy have been used to monitor such ET reactions. Physical consequences of BP association with CT-DNA have been investigated through temperature-dependent circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy. The temperature-dependent steady-state, picosecond-resolved fluorescence lifetime and anisotropy studies reveal the effect of temperature on the perturbation of such ET reactions from BP to biological macromolecules, highlighting their temperature-dependent association. Furthermore, the electron donating property of BP has been corroborated by measuring wavelength-dependent photocurrent in a BP-an","PeriodicalId":14377,"journal":{"name":"International Review of Biophysical Chemistry","volume":"57 1","pages":"161-185"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80475973","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-08-31DOI: 10.15866/IREBIC.V4I4.1653
R. S. Gawaad, S. Sharma, S. Sambi
Sodium sulphate is one of most important salts of sodium which is mainly used in the manufacture of detergents, Kraft paper, glass, sodium salts, ceramic glazes, pharmaceuticals, dyeing of textile fibers etc. Part of its requirement is met from by-products of manufacturing processes like Aluminium silicate, rayon etc. Presently, evaporation followed by crystallization is the preferred technique for recovery of the salt. This technique becomes uneconomical when the waste water has low concentration of the salt. There is a need to develop new techniques for economical concentration of sodium sulphate. Keeping this in mind efforts were made to test the performance of two commercial CSM membranes Model Nos. NE-1812-70 and RE 1812-50 for concentrating the waste water stream. The results show that waste water stream could be concentrated, at pressure of 25 bar, up to 14.1% at permeate flux of 2.08L-min-1-m-2 with NE-1812-70 membrane compared to 9.29% at permeate flux of 0.62 L-min-1-m-2 with RE 1812-50 membrane
{"title":"Nanofiltration Application for Concentrating Aqueous Waste Stream to Recover Sodium Sulphate","authors":"R. S. Gawaad, S. Sharma, S. Sambi","doi":"10.15866/IREBIC.V4I4.1653","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15866/IREBIC.V4I4.1653","url":null,"abstract":"Sodium sulphate is one of most important salts of sodium which is mainly used in the manufacture of detergents, Kraft paper, glass, sodium salts, ceramic glazes, pharmaceuticals, dyeing of textile fibers etc. Part of its requirement is met from by-products of manufacturing processes like Aluminium silicate, rayon etc. Presently, evaporation followed by crystallization is the preferred technique for recovery of the salt. This technique becomes uneconomical when the waste water has low concentration of the salt. There is a need to develop new techniques for economical concentration of sodium sulphate. Keeping this in mind efforts were made to test the performance of two commercial CSM membranes Model Nos. NE-1812-70 and RE 1812-50 for concentrating the waste water stream. The results show that waste water stream could be concentrated, at pressure of 25 bar, up to 14.1% at permeate flux of 2.08L-min-1-m-2 with NE-1812-70 membrane compared to 9.29% at permeate flux of 0.62 L-min-1-m-2 with RE 1812-50 membrane","PeriodicalId":14377,"journal":{"name":"International Review of Biophysical Chemistry","volume":"70 1","pages":"152-156"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89129453","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-08-31DOI: 10.15866/IREBIC.V4I4.1652
S. Al-Omari
Pyropheophorbide methyl ester (PPME) is clinically used as antitumor drug. Understanding of the strong interaction between PPME and Cu2+ could contribute to understand its pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics. The interaction between PPME and Cu2+ was investigated using fluorescence and UV-vis techniques. The binding constants of Cu2+ with PPME were determined at different temperatures depending on the fluorescence quenching results. Furthermore, the thermodynamic functions of standard enthalpy (ΔH0) and standard entropy (ΔS0) for the binding reaction were determined according to the van’t Hoff equation, which indicated that electron transfer, electrostatic, and hydrophobic interactions are important driving forces for PPME-Cu2+ association
{"title":"Thermodynamic Properties and Electron Transfer of the Interaction Between Pyropheophorbide a Methyl Ester and Copper: the Nature of Binding Forces","authors":"S. Al-Omari","doi":"10.15866/IREBIC.V4I4.1652","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15866/IREBIC.V4I4.1652","url":null,"abstract":"Pyropheophorbide methyl ester (PPME) is clinically used as antitumor drug. Understanding of the strong interaction between PPME and Cu2+ could contribute to understand its pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics. The interaction between PPME and Cu2+ was investigated using fluorescence and UV-vis techniques. The binding constants of Cu2+ with PPME were determined at different temperatures depending on the fluorescence quenching results. Furthermore, the thermodynamic functions of standard enthalpy (ΔH0) and standard entropy (ΔS0) for the binding reaction were determined according to the van’t Hoff equation, which indicated that electron transfer, electrostatic, and hydrophobic interactions are important driving forces for PPME-Cu2+ association","PeriodicalId":14377,"journal":{"name":"International Review of Biophysical Chemistry","volume":"82 1","pages":"143-151"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88933886","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-08-31DOI: 10.15866/IREBIC.V4I4.1650
A. Melouah, H. Merouani
X-ray images of the breast must be carefully evaluated to identify early signs of cancerous growth. Mass lesion detection is a challenging task, and in order to help radiologists in their identification, computer aided systems have been introduced. The purpose of this paper is to present a novel approach for mass detection in a mammographic computer-aided system. The proposed approach is based on the intensity specification to segment the image and to put into evidence the suspicious parts. The detection process tries to get progressively close to the suspicious region through different ranges of scales. Although different algorithms have been proposed for such task, most of them are application dependent. The suggested approach begins with a pre-processing step followed by sequence of: segmentation, features extraction and classification. This approach is particular for two reasons: first, a new segmentation strategy based on competition scenario is suggested; secondly, detection is performed from the coarsest segmentation to the finest segmentation using a binary tree classifier. The proposed method was applied to a series of images from the Digital Database for Screening. Preliminary results are promising; a large study using more cases is currently in progress
{"title":"Novel Approach for Mass Detection in a Mammographic Computer-Aided System","authors":"A. Melouah, H. Merouani","doi":"10.15866/IREBIC.V4I4.1650","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15866/IREBIC.V4I4.1650","url":null,"abstract":"X-ray images of the breast must be carefully evaluated to identify early signs of cancerous growth. Mass lesion detection is a challenging task, and in order to help radiologists in their identification, computer aided systems have been introduced. The purpose of this paper is to present a novel approach for mass detection in a mammographic computer-aided system. The proposed approach is based on the intensity specification to segment the image and to put into evidence the suspicious parts. The detection process tries to get progressively close to the suspicious region through different ranges of scales. Although different algorithms have been proposed for such task, most of them are application dependent. The suggested approach begins with a pre-processing step followed by sequence of: segmentation, features extraction and classification. This approach is particular for two reasons: first, a new segmentation strategy based on competition scenario is suggested; secondly, detection is performed from the coarsest segmentation to the finest segmentation using a binary tree classifier. The proposed method was applied to a series of images from the Digital Database for Screening. Preliminary results are promising; a large study using more cases is currently in progress","PeriodicalId":14377,"journal":{"name":"International Review of Biophysical Chemistry","volume":"67 1","pages":"131-138"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81203258","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-06-30DOI: 10.15866/IREBIC.V4I3.1646
A. Sterpu, I. Niță, A. Neagu, A. Dumitru, Sibel Geacai
Mixing is among the most common processes in chemical, biochemical, pharmaceutical, polymer, mineral, food, and wastewater treatment industries [1]. Several examples of greases mixing processes can be found in the literature [2]-[5]. Four greases were prepared with different concentration of calcium soap: 5%, 10%, 15% and 20% in paraffin oil. The preparation formulas for these four greases and manufacture method were presented in a recent work [6]. The aim of this study was to find a mathematical model for the mixing time of some additive-free lubricating greases. The mathematical modeling consisted on finding an accurate equation linking the mixing time (tm) and the Reynolds number (Re) at different soap concentrations and temperatures. The mixing experiments were carried out in a laboratory autoclave equipped with an anchor impeller, without baffles, at 8 speed ratio, from 100 to 800 rpm. The models resulted from the tm variation versus Re are power function type tm = a x Reb, where the coefficients a and b are functions of soap concentration in base oil and the processing temperature
混合是化学、生化、制药、聚合物、矿物、食品和废水处理行业中最常见的过程之一。润滑脂混合过程的几个例子可以在文献[2]-[5]中找到。在石蜡油中添加5%、10%、15%和20%的钙皂，制备了4种润滑脂。本文介绍了这四种润滑脂的制备配方和制备方法。本研究的目的是建立一些无添加剂润滑脂混合时间的数学模型。数学建模的目的是找到在不同肥皂浓度和温度下混合时间(tm)和雷诺数(Re)之间的精确方程。混合实验在装有锚式叶轮的实验室高压釜中进行，无挡板，转速比为8，转速为100 ~ 800 rpm。tm随Re变化的模型为幂函数型tm = a x Reb，其中系数a和b是基础油中肥皂浓度和加工温度的函数
{"title":"Mathematical Models for Mixing Time of Some Additive Free Calcium Soap Lubricating Greases","authors":"A. Sterpu, I. Niță, A. Neagu, A. Dumitru, Sibel Geacai","doi":"10.15866/IREBIC.V4I3.1646","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15866/IREBIC.V4I3.1646","url":null,"abstract":"Mixing is among the most common processes in chemical, biochemical, pharmaceutical, polymer, mineral, food, and wastewater treatment industries [1]. Several examples of greases mixing processes can be found in the literature [2]-[5]. Four greases were prepared with different concentration of calcium soap: 5%, 10%, 15% and 20% in paraffin oil. The preparation formulas for these four greases and manufacture method were presented in a recent work [6]. The aim of this study was to find a mathematical model for the mixing time of some additive-free lubricating greases. The mathematical modeling consisted on finding an accurate equation linking the mixing time (tm) and the Reynolds number (Re) at different soap concentrations and temperatures. The mixing experiments were carried out in a laboratory autoclave equipped with an anchor impeller, without baffles, at 8 speed ratio, from 100 to 800 rpm. The models resulted from the tm variation versus Re are power function type tm = a x Reb, where the coefficients a and b are functions of soap concentration in base oil and the processing temperature","PeriodicalId":14377,"journal":{"name":"International Review of Biophysical Chemistry","volume":"6 1","pages":"109-112"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74458711","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-06-30DOI: 10.15866/IREBIC.V4I3.1647
V. Bureš, P. Čech, T. Otcenásková
Management of biological or chemical incidents represents a challenging and demanding issue since it consists of several complex activities and important decisions. In case of accidents in agricultural or industrial mills or plants these decisions have to be made by personnel who are usually not primarily trained for such situations. From the technological perspective, various approaches or principles have been already applied and intended for computer-based support of biological or chemical incidents management. However, few of them incorporate principles of smart solutions which can make decisions even more precise and appropriate. This paper presents model utilizable for the management of biological or chemical incidents created in the multi-agent NetLogo environment and outlines possibilities of its extension by smart solution elements. Furthermore, together with the description of the simulation model, its parameterization is explained, and areas for further research are depicted
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