Pub Date : 2013-06-30DOI: 10.15866/IREBIC.V4I3.1649
Heping Zhong
This paper examines how organizational slack influences the performance of pharmaceutical and chemical firms by using empirical analysis based on the data get from 47 real firms. The result shows that the relationship between organizational slack and the performance of pharmaceutical and chemical firms is inverse N-shaped, and task orientation moderates this relationship in the same direction. The results broadly demonstrate that relationships differ based on industry circumstances and organizational slack. Additionally, this study is the first to empirically identify an inverse N-shaped relationship between slack and performance, indicating that, in certain industry circumstances, little and much slack is bad for performance. Moreover, this paper also studies the moderating effects of firm management style on the relationship between organizational slack and performance for the first time. Overall, results highlight the importance of additional research into intervening factors impacting the slack–performance relationship
{"title":"Empirical Analysis on the Performance of Pharmaceutical and Chemical Firms","authors":"Heping Zhong","doi":"10.15866/IREBIC.V4I3.1649","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15866/IREBIC.V4I3.1649","url":null,"abstract":"This paper examines how organizational slack influences the performance of pharmaceutical and chemical firms by using empirical analysis based on the data get from 47 real firms. The result shows that the relationship between organizational slack and the performance of pharmaceutical and chemical firms is inverse N-shaped, and task orientation moderates this relationship in the same direction. The results broadly demonstrate that relationships differ based on industry circumstances and organizational slack. Additionally, this study is the first to empirically identify an inverse N-shaped relationship between slack and performance, indicating that, in certain industry circumstances, little and much slack is bad for performance. Moreover, this paper also studies the moderating effects of firm management style on the relationship between organizational slack and performance for the first time. Overall, results highlight the importance of additional research into intervening factors impacting the slack–performance relationship","PeriodicalId":14377,"journal":{"name":"International Review of Biophysical Chemistry","volume":"120 1","pages":"123-130"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88471331","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-06-30DOI: 10.15866/IREBIC.V4I3.1648
T. Silva, I. P. Bresolin, I. Garrard, E. Tambourgi
Curaua is a fibrous plant found in northern of Brazil, is a Bromeliaceae that contains significant levels of bromelain, a group of proteolytic enzymes of high commercial value and wide application in pharmaceutical, food and cosmetics. The aim of this study was to extract bromelain from pineapple and curaua (white and purple) to evaluate enzyme activity and determining the optimum values of pH and temperature, in order to optimize the conditions of use and application for further purification. In the results, bromelain from white curaua has a pH optimum of 6.0 and optimum temperature of 40°C and 60°C. For the species purple the optimum pH is 6.0 to 7.0 and optimum temperature is 40°C. On the other hand, bromelain from pineapple peel has a pH optimum of 6.0 and 7.0 and temperature optimum at 40°C
{"title":"Comparative Study of the Bromelain Extracted from Pineapple Peel (Ananas Comosus) and Curaua Leaves (Ananas Erectifolius) Varieties White and Purple","authors":"T. Silva, I. P. Bresolin, I. Garrard, E. Tambourgi","doi":"10.15866/IREBIC.V4I3.1648","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15866/IREBIC.V4I3.1648","url":null,"abstract":"Curaua is a fibrous plant found in northern of Brazil, is a Bromeliaceae that contains significant levels of bromelain, a group of proteolytic enzymes of high commercial value and wide application in pharmaceutical, food and cosmetics. The aim of this study was to extract bromelain from pineapple and curaua (white and purple) to evaluate enzyme activity and determining the optimum values of pH and temperature, in order to optimize the conditions of use and application for further purification. In the results, bromelain from white curaua has a pH optimum of 6.0 and optimum temperature of 40°C and 60°C. For the species purple the optimum pH is 6.0 to 7.0 and optimum temperature is 40°C. On the other hand, bromelain from pineapple peel has a pH optimum of 6.0 and 7.0 and temperature optimum at 40°C","PeriodicalId":14377,"journal":{"name":"International Review of Biophysical Chemistry","volume":"1 1","pages":"119-122"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82914102","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-04-30DOI: 10.15866/irebic.v4i2.1660
Yangping Wang, Jianwu Dang, Xiaogang Du
Heavy ion dose distribution is sensitive to anatomic changes and tissue motion due to high dose concentrated on Bragg peak with high relative biological effectiveness (RBE). During treating target sites especially in lung cancer cases, breathing motion may result unintended variations in the dose distribution. Based on image registration, segmentation and pseudo-color algorithm, the work conducts a study on the calculation and visualization of the heavy dose distribution for 3D superimposed conformal irradiation and dose evaluation. Then the paper investigates the respiratory motion effects on the dosimetric redistribution on target and critical tissues during heavy ion radiotherapy. In our experiments, ten patients have been undergone routine free breathing CT scan, two additional CT scans at the end of inspiration and the end of expiration. The results have showed that clinical target volume (CTV) coverage is compromised markedly due to respiration. The paper suggests a real-time respiratory gating system and adjustable dramatic multi-leaf collimator should be adopted in lung cancer cases for heavy ion radiotherapy with small CTV-to-PTV margin
{"title":"Effects of Breathing on Dose Distribution in Heavy-Ion Radiotherapy Based on Medical Image Processing","authors":"Yangping Wang, Jianwu Dang, Xiaogang Du","doi":"10.15866/irebic.v4i2.1660","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15866/irebic.v4i2.1660","url":null,"abstract":"Heavy ion dose distribution is sensitive to anatomic changes and tissue motion due to high dose concentrated on Bragg peak with high relative biological effectiveness (RBE). During treating target sites especially in lung cancer cases, breathing motion may result unintended variations in the dose distribution. Based on image registration, segmentation and pseudo-color algorithm, the work conducts a study on the calculation and visualization of the heavy dose distribution for 3D superimposed conformal irradiation and dose evaluation. Then the paper investigates the respiratory motion effects on the dosimetric redistribution on target and critical tissues during heavy ion radiotherapy. In our experiments, ten patients have been undergone routine free breathing CT scan, two additional CT scans at the end of inspiration and the end of expiration. The results have showed that clinical target volume (CTV) coverage is compromised markedly due to respiration. The paper suggests a real-time respiratory gating system and adjustable dramatic multi-leaf collimator should be adopted in lung cancer cases for heavy ion radiotherapy with small CTV-to-PTV margin","PeriodicalId":14377,"journal":{"name":"International Review of Biophysical Chemistry","volume":"26 1","pages":"103-108"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74302898","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-04-30DOI: 10.15866/IREBIC.V4I2.1658
M. Roig, Patricia Pérez-Galende, Nazaret Hidalgo-Cuadrado, J. F. Bello-Estévez, J. C. García-Prieto, V. Shnyrov, C. J. Knill, K. Jumel, J. Kennedy
Low angle laser light scattering (LALLS) and multi-angle laser light scattering (MALLS) methods have become valuable, if not indispensable, tools for the chemist and biochemist, since they can be used to determine the absolute molecular weight and size of molecules in solution. When linked to a gel permeation chromatography system, they become even more powerful tools, providing information on molecular weight averages and their distributions (polydispersity). LALLS has essenttially been superseded by the development of on-line MALLS and size-exclusion chromatography (SEC)/MALLS systems, which have facilitated the greater application of light scattering theory in structure elucidation. For example, the determination of root mean square radii, molecular conformation and structure, branching ratios etc., are now readily achievable. This paper reviews the “theoretical backbone” of light scattering methods and the technology available for use in this particular aspect of macromolecular characterisation. Particular emphasis is placed on the use of SEC/MALLS and SEC/LALLS for the molecular weight elucidation of polysaccharides (such as carrageenans, starch, hyaluronic acid and dextrans), proteins, and the examination of branching in large macromolecular structures
{"title":"Polymer Characterization by Static Laser Light Scattering","authors":"M. Roig, Patricia Pérez-Galende, Nazaret Hidalgo-Cuadrado, J. F. Bello-Estévez, J. C. García-Prieto, V. Shnyrov, C. J. Knill, K. Jumel, J. Kennedy","doi":"10.15866/IREBIC.V4I2.1658","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15866/IREBIC.V4I2.1658","url":null,"abstract":"Low angle laser light scattering (LALLS) and multi-angle laser light scattering (MALLS) methods have become valuable, if not indispensable, tools for the chemist and biochemist, since they can be used to determine the absolute molecular weight and size of molecules in solution. When linked to a gel permeation chromatography system, they become even more powerful tools, providing information on molecular weight averages and their distributions (polydispersity). LALLS has essenttially been superseded by the development of on-line MALLS and size-exclusion chromatography (SEC)/MALLS systems, which have facilitated the greater application of light scattering theory in structure elucidation. For example, the determination of root mean square radii, molecular conformation and structure, branching ratios etc., are now readily achievable. This paper reviews the “theoretical backbone” of light scattering methods and the technology available for use in this particular aspect of macromolecular characterisation. Particular emphasis is placed on the use of SEC/MALLS and SEC/LALLS for the molecular weight elucidation of polysaccharides (such as carrageenans, starch, hyaluronic acid and dextrans), proteins, and the examination of branching in large macromolecular structures","PeriodicalId":14377,"journal":{"name":"International Review of Biophysical Chemistry","volume":"93 1","pages":"84-95"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73740014","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-04-30DOI: 10.15866/IREBIC.V4I2.1659
Hanzhou Liu, Jia Chen
Most existing clustering approaches require the complete graph information, which is often impractical for large-scale protein-protein interaction networks. We proposed a novel algorithm which does not embrace the universal approach but instead tries to focus on local ties and model multiscales of biological interactions in these networks. It identifies functional leaders and modules around these leaders using local information. It naturally supports overlapping information by associating each node with a membership vector that describes its involvement of each community. In addition to uncover overlapping communities, we can describe different multi-scale partitions allowing to tune the characteristic size of biologically meaningful modules. The high efficiency and accuracy of the proposed algorithm make it feasible to be used for accurately detecting community structure in real biomolecular networks
{"title":"Reveal Overlapping Communities in Protein Interaction Network Using Multi-Scale Entropy Dynamic","authors":"Hanzhou Liu, Jia Chen","doi":"10.15866/IREBIC.V4I2.1659","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15866/IREBIC.V4I2.1659","url":null,"abstract":"Most existing clustering approaches require the complete graph information, which is often impractical for large-scale protein-protein interaction networks. We proposed a novel algorithm which does not embrace the universal approach but instead tries to focus on local ties and model multiscales of biological interactions in these networks. It identifies functional leaders and modules around these leaders using local information. It naturally supports overlapping information by associating each node with a membership vector that describes its involvement of each community. In addition to uncover overlapping communities, we can describe different multi-scale partitions allowing to tune the characteristic size of biologically meaningful modules. The high efficiency and accuracy of the proposed algorithm make it feasible to be used for accurately detecting community structure in real biomolecular networks","PeriodicalId":14377,"journal":{"name":"International Review of Biophysical Chemistry","volume":"1 1","pages":"96-102"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76034914","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-04-30DOI: 10.15866/IREBIC.V4I2.1585
M. Padhi, S. Mahapatra
For most of the developing countries, the main issue of public health is still the acute need for basic health care, which is sadly lacking even at the most elementary level. This is true in both the rapidly growing cities and in the rural areas. The World Health Organization (WHO) indicates that more than half of the world’s population does not have access to adequate health care services. This is due to the fact that poor people neither have access to nor could afford the present health care services. Therefore, innovative alternative approaches are needed to solve this problem. Medicinal plants offer alternative remedies with tremendous opportunities. They not only provide access and affordable medicine to poor people; they can also create income, employment and foreign exchange for developing countries. Many traditional healing herbs and plant parts have been shown to have medicinal value, especially in the rural areas and that can be used to prevent, alleviate or cure several human diseases. One of the important traditional plant used in treatment of various types diseases is Boswellia serrata. In this present review we have given emphasis on the traditional uses, phytochemistry and pharmacology of Boswellia serrata, HPTLC method was used to find out boswellic acid from Boswellia serrata
{"title":"Boswellia Serrata: a Review of its Traditional Uses, Phytochemistry and Pharmacology","authors":"M. Padhi, S. Mahapatra","doi":"10.15866/IREBIC.V4I2.1585","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15866/IREBIC.V4I2.1585","url":null,"abstract":"For most of the developing countries, the main issue of public health is still the acute need for basic health care, which is sadly lacking even at the most elementary level. This is true in both the rapidly growing cities and in the rural areas. The World Health Organization (WHO) indicates that more than half of the world’s population does not have access to adequate health care services. This is due to the fact that poor people neither have access to nor could afford the present health care services. Therefore, innovative alternative approaches are needed to solve this problem. Medicinal plants offer alternative remedies with tremendous opportunities. They not only provide access and affordable medicine to poor people; they can also create income, employment and foreign exchange for developing countries. Many traditional healing herbs and plant parts have been shown to have medicinal value, especially in the rural areas and that can be used to prevent, alleviate or cure several human diseases. One of the important traditional plant used in treatment of various types diseases is Boswellia serrata. In this present review we have given emphasis on the traditional uses, phytochemistry and pharmacology of Boswellia serrata, HPTLC method was used to find out boswellic acid from Boswellia serrata","PeriodicalId":14377,"journal":{"name":"International Review of Biophysical Chemistry","volume":"119 1","pages":"74-83"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85635100","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-02-28DOI: 10.15866/IREBIC.V4I1.1581
R. Owolabi, N. A. Osiyemi
Extensive efforts were made in this study to extract oil from Carica papaya seeds (an untapped resource), trans-esterify the extracted oil and check for the fuel properties of the produced pawpaw seed oil based biodiesel. Normal hexane was used as solvent for the extraction. 63.05g of oil was extracted from 275g of pawpaw seeds to give oil yield of 22.93%. Lyed methanol in 60% excess was reacted with the heated oil with thorough agitation for some minutes. Fuel properties such as cloud point, API gravity, cetane number, diesel index etc were found not only to be competitive with biodiesel made from other oils but also meet some of the requirements of the ASTM Standards (American Standard for Testing and Methods ) against which biodiesel must be measured and therefore fits to be used as a blend with fossil fuel diesel in trucks and other machineries. This paper however intends to draw the attention of researchers and policy makers through thorough experimentation on a forgotten resource (pawpaw seed oil) and its suitability as a major feedstock for biodiesel production so as to conserve the fossil fuel and further create a balance between food security and energy security
{"title":"Alcoholysis of Carica Papaya Seed Oil to Diesel Like Fuel","authors":"R. Owolabi, N. A. Osiyemi","doi":"10.15866/IREBIC.V4I1.1581","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15866/IREBIC.V4I1.1581","url":null,"abstract":"Extensive efforts were made in this study to extract oil from Carica papaya seeds (an untapped resource), trans-esterify the extracted oil and check for the fuel properties of the produced pawpaw seed oil based biodiesel. Normal hexane was used as solvent for the extraction. 63.05g of oil was extracted from 275g of pawpaw seeds to give oil yield of 22.93%. Lyed methanol in 60% excess was reacted with the heated oil with thorough agitation for some minutes. Fuel properties such as cloud point, API gravity, cetane number, diesel index etc were found not only to be competitive with biodiesel made from other oils but also meet some of the requirements of the ASTM Standards (American Standard for Testing and Methods ) against which biodiesel must be measured and therefore fits to be used as a blend with fossil fuel diesel in trucks and other machineries. This paper however intends to draw the attention of researchers and policy makers through thorough experimentation on a forgotten resource (pawpaw seed oil) and its suitability as a major feedstock for biodiesel production so as to conserve the fossil fuel and further create a balance between food security and energy security","PeriodicalId":14377,"journal":{"name":"International Review of Biophysical Chemistry","volume":"1 1","pages":"12-18"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89668319","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-02-28DOI: 10.15866/IREBIC.V4I1.1583
U. Issar, R. Kakkar
The synthetic dye Hoechst 33258, i.e. 2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-5-[5-(4-methylpiperazine-1-yl) benzimidazo-2-yl]-benzimidazole is known to bind strongly to the minor groove of double-stranded B-DNA with specificity for AT-rich sequences. It is an N-methyl piperazine derivative with two benzimidazole groups and one phenol group. It is the best known of the bis-benzimidazole family of minor groove binders. Since the early 1970s, Hoechst 33258 has been widely used as a fluorescent DNA stain because it has ready access into cells. Hoechst derivatives are used in plant cell biology for chromosome and nuclear staining, analysis of nuclear DNA content values (flow cytometry), analysis of plant chromosomes, etc. Hoechst analogues also find uses as radioprotectors and topoisomerase inhibitors. This family of drugs therefore provides a starting point for rational drug design. It is also a good model system with which to investigate the molecular basis for DNA sequence recognition and binding. The existing literature on this family of drugs is reviewed here
{"title":"DNA Minor Groove Binder Hoechst 33258 and its Analogues: a Review","authors":"U. Issar, R. Kakkar","doi":"10.15866/IREBIC.V4I1.1583","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15866/IREBIC.V4I1.1583","url":null,"abstract":"The synthetic dye Hoechst 33258, i.e. 2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-5-[5-(4-methylpiperazine-1-yl) benzimidazo-2-yl]-benzimidazole is known to bind strongly to the minor groove of double-stranded B-DNA with specificity for AT-rich sequences. It is an N-methyl piperazine derivative with two benzimidazole groups and one phenol group. It is the best known of the bis-benzimidazole family of minor groove binders. Since the early 1970s, Hoechst 33258 has been widely used as a fluorescent DNA stain because it has ready access into cells. Hoechst derivatives are used in plant cell biology for chromosome and nuclear staining, analysis of nuclear DNA content values (flow cytometry), analysis of plant chromosomes, etc. Hoechst analogues also find uses as radioprotectors and topoisomerase inhibitors. This family of drugs therefore provides a starting point for rational drug design. It is also a good model system with which to investigate the molecular basis for DNA sequence recognition and binding. The existing literature on this family of drugs is reviewed here","PeriodicalId":14377,"journal":{"name":"International Review of Biophysical Chemistry","volume":"42 1","pages":"49-66"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79378004","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-02-28DOI: 10.15866/IREBIC.V4I1.1582
T. Kumari, R. Arora, R. Kakkar
Peptide Deformylase (PDF) is an attractive antibacterial target, and is gaining much momentum in contemporary research because of its remarkable features. This article reviews the bacterial PDF structure and criteria required for designing novel PDF inhibitors. It also presents a summary of the known and recently explored classes of PDF inhibitors, both peptidic and non-peptidic
{"title":"Peptide Deformylase Inhibitors for Addressing the Issue of Bacterial Resistance","authors":"T. Kumari, R. Arora, R. Kakkar","doi":"10.15866/IREBIC.V4I1.1582","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15866/IREBIC.V4I1.1582","url":null,"abstract":"Peptide Deformylase (PDF) is an attractive antibacterial target, and is gaining much momentum in contemporary research because of its remarkable features. This article reviews the bacterial PDF structure and criteria required for designing novel PDF inhibitors. It also presents a summary of the known and recently explored classes of PDF inhibitors, both peptidic and non-peptidic","PeriodicalId":14377,"journal":{"name":"International Review of Biophysical Chemistry","volume":"125 1 1","pages":"19-48"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91321485","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-02-28DOI: 10.15866/IREBIC.V4I1.1584
J. Ahmad, S. Nagar
Since discovery of wonder drug penicillin by Sir Alexander Flaming, many antibiotics have already been discovered while many others are in process of development and clinical evaluation. However a newly discovered antibiotics has a short valuable life time since its long term clinical use results into development of resistance in target pathogens rendering the antibiotics ineffective against its target(s)). Therefore for antibiotics to remain in demand for clinical use. So efforts are needed towards search for antibiotics with unique scaffolds and/or novel mechanism of action besides useful shelf and clinical life time. Some of the promising strategies to accomplish this goal are: (a) Finding new antibiotics from old microbial sources, (b) Finding new microbial sources of antibiotics, (c) Accessing greater bacterial diversity thus exploiting known/unknown microbial sources in large numbers, (d) Adapting novel culture techniques. The paper draws focus on some valuable clues in finding new antibiotics
{"title":"New Strategies of Antibiotic Development","authors":"J. Ahmad, S. Nagar","doi":"10.15866/IREBIC.V4I1.1584","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15866/IREBIC.V4I1.1584","url":null,"abstract":"Since discovery of wonder drug penicillin by Sir Alexander Flaming, many antibiotics have already been discovered while many others are in process of development and clinical evaluation. However a newly discovered antibiotics has a short valuable life time since its long term clinical use results into development of resistance in target pathogens rendering the antibiotics ineffective against its target(s)). Therefore for antibiotics to remain in demand for clinical use. So efforts are needed towards search for antibiotics with unique scaffolds and/or novel mechanism of action besides useful shelf and clinical life time. Some of the promising strategies to accomplish this goal are: (a) Finding new antibiotics from old microbial sources, (b) Finding new microbial sources of antibiotics, (c) Accessing greater bacterial diversity thus exploiting known/unknown microbial sources in large numbers, (d) Adapting novel culture techniques. The paper draws focus on some valuable clues in finding new antibiotics","PeriodicalId":14377,"journal":{"name":"International Review of Biophysical Chemistry","volume":"45 1","pages":"67-73"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86855757","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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