Pub Date : 2012-10-31DOI: 10.15866/IREBIC.V3I5.1568
T. Kikhavani, S. N. Ashrafizadeh
Electrodialysis (ED) is an electrically-driven membrane process that can separate charged species across ion-exchange membranes. ED is an environmentally friendly technique which has been widely used in different applications. This process can be used as an integrated process with chemical, membrane, and biochemical unit operations. The integration of ED with biochemical processes has been used as its new applications, i.e. separation of biochemicals, production of organic acids from fermentation broths, and etc. In this review, the basic principles of ED, different configurations of the electrochemical ED cell, and its advantages and limitations are explained and discussed. Various applications of ED in bioprocesses have been thoroughly reviewed. Eventually, the research works required for the development and implementation of ED in bioprocesses are addressed and proposed
{"title":"Electrodialysis and its Applications in Biotechnology","authors":"T. Kikhavani, S. N. Ashrafizadeh","doi":"10.15866/IREBIC.V3I5.1568","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15866/IREBIC.V3I5.1568","url":null,"abstract":"Electrodialysis (ED) is an electrically-driven membrane process that can separate charged species across ion-exchange membranes. ED is an environmentally friendly technique which has been widely used in different applications. This process can be used as an integrated process with chemical, membrane, and biochemical unit operations. The integration of ED with biochemical processes has been used as its new applications, i.e. separation of biochemicals, production of organic acids from fermentation broths, and etc. In this review, the basic principles of ED, different configurations of the electrochemical ED cell, and its advantages and limitations are explained and discussed. Various applications of ED in bioprocesses have been thoroughly reviewed. Eventually, the research works required for the development and implementation of ED in bioprocesses are addressed and proposed","PeriodicalId":14377,"journal":{"name":"International Review of Biophysical Chemistry","volume":"3 1","pages":"109-124"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86905701","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-10-31DOI: 10.15866/IREBIC.V3I5.1566
G. Ibrahim, O. Saleh, I. Mustafa, A. Ahwany, S. Elnashaie
A two compartments model with the acetylcholinesterase activity localized in one compartment only has been used to investigate the periodic and aperiodic behavior of acetylcholine hydrolysis process. The investigation based on a well established kinetic scheme and kinetic data. The model has accounts for the effects of hydrogen ions concentrations on the kinetics and its role in creating membrane potential assuming no other charged ions are exist. Both autonomous and non-autonomous cases are investigated considering the two common mechanisms of applying acetylcholine in practical physiological situations (constant and quantal). The investigation uncovered a wealth of static and dynamic bifurcations of the system including multiplicity of steady states, isola, periodic and aperiodic behavior. The periodic and aperiodic behavior characterized by different patterns of spikes. Two spikes per cycle in membrane potential is the dominating pattern all over most of the considered range. Changing the feeding mechanism of acetylcholine from constant steady feeding to constant quantal feeding causes dramatic changes in the dynamic behavior of the system. This is an element of establishing a complete descriptive model for the neurocycle acetylcholinestrase/choline acetyltransferas biosystem
{"title":"Modeling Periodic and Aperiodic Behavior of Acetylcholine Hydrolysis","authors":"G. Ibrahim, O. Saleh, I. Mustafa, A. Ahwany, S. Elnashaie","doi":"10.15866/IREBIC.V3I5.1566","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15866/IREBIC.V3I5.1566","url":null,"abstract":"A two compartments model with the acetylcholinesterase activity localized in one compartment only has been used to investigate the periodic and aperiodic behavior of acetylcholine hydrolysis process. The investigation based on a well established kinetic scheme and kinetic data. The model has accounts for the effects of hydrogen ions concentrations on the kinetics and its role in creating membrane potential assuming no other charged ions are exist. Both autonomous and non-autonomous cases are investigated considering the two common mechanisms of applying acetylcholine in practical physiological situations (constant and quantal). The investigation uncovered a wealth of static and dynamic bifurcations of the system including multiplicity of steady states, isola, periodic and aperiodic behavior. The periodic and aperiodic behavior characterized by different patterns of spikes. Two spikes per cycle in membrane potential is the dominating pattern all over most of the considered range. Changing the feeding mechanism of acetylcholine from constant steady feeding to constant quantal feeding causes dramatic changes in the dynamic behavior of the system. This is an element of establishing a complete descriptive model for the neurocycle acetylcholinestrase/choline acetyltransferas biosystem","PeriodicalId":14377,"journal":{"name":"International Review of Biophysical Chemistry","volume":"20 1","pages":"94-108"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87086737","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-10-30DOI: 10.15866/IREBIC.V3I5.1573
D. Jesenek, V. Kralj-Iglič, A. Iglič, S. Kralj
Recently developed approaches analyzing the degree of in-plane orientational ordering are compared. The first one originates from an intrinsic anisotropic shape of membrane constituents, based on which the mismatch curvature tensor M is introduced. The second one originates from the nematic tensor order parameter Q reflecting average local degree of orientational ordering. Based on these tensors free energy of systems are derived taking into account symmetry allowed combinations of tensors. From both approaches the degree of local orientational ordering is determined as a function of membrane shape. In the paper we discuss relevance of these approaches
{"title":"Orientational Order within Biological Membranes","authors":"D. Jesenek, V. Kralj-Iglič, A. Iglič, S. Kralj","doi":"10.15866/IREBIC.V3I5.1573","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15866/IREBIC.V3I5.1573","url":null,"abstract":"Recently developed approaches analyzing the degree of in-plane orientational ordering are compared. The first one originates from an intrinsic anisotropic shape of membrane constituents, based on which the mismatch curvature tensor M is introduced. The second one originates from the nematic tensor order parameter Q reflecting average local degree of orientational ordering. Based on these tensors free energy of systems are derived taking into account symmetry allowed combinations of tensors. From both approaches the degree of local orientational ordering is determined as a function of membrane shape. In the paper we discuss relevance of these approaches","PeriodicalId":14377,"journal":{"name":"International Review of Biophysical Chemistry","volume":"20 1","pages":"157-162"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89833769","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-08-31DOI: 10.15866/IREBIC.V3I4.1562
Jagannadha Rao Peela, F. Elshaari, M. Elfrady, S. Shakila, H. E. Awamy, R. Singh, A. Belkheir, S. Zaidi, I. F. Barassi, R. Ramanujam
Background: Piperine was isolated from Piper nigrum popularly known as black pepper. There were many studies earlier about piperine that it is powerful bio-enhancer for many drugs especially antibiotics. Piperine extract is believed to potentiate drugs several folds. The present study was focused on its effect individually on biochemical parameters like blood sugar and lipid profile before and after the administration of piperine. Materials and methods: 30 non-transgenic mice, obtained from the animal house of faculty of Medicine, Garyounis University, Benghazi, Libya were utilized for this study. These mice were fed with high cholesterol diet and were divided into 2 groups. 20 mice were administered Piperine with a dose of 5mg/kg body weight (Group I). Piperine was isolated in Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Garyounis University, Benghazi.10 mice were not administered piperine, but given high fat diet (Group II). These mice were anaesthetized with ketamine and halothane and blood was withdrawn from each mouse before study by cardiocentesis. Piperine was administered with high fat diet for 3 weeks for group I mice and only high fat diet given to mice belonging to group II. Blood samples were drawn again after 3 weeks from both the groups. Blood sugar, Serum, Cholesterol, Serum triglycerides and Serum high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol were measured in the Serum using authenticated methods. Results: Blood sugar was significantly elevated (p=0.001) after 3 weeks of administration of the piperine whereas it was decreased in groupB who were not given piperine. Serum cholesterol was significantly elevated (p=0.0025) after 3 weeks administration of piperine with high fat diet. There was no decrease in the cholesterol levels after piperine administration, when compared with that of groupB where the piperine was not administered. Serum triglycerides levels were significantly decreased (p=0.0005) after the administration of piperine but there was no significant difference in other group. HDL cholesterol was significantly elevated (p=0.0032) after administration of piperine and it was not significant (p=0.6553) in the group where no piperine was administered. Conclusion: According to this study, the beneficial effect of piperine appears to be in lowering triglycerides and increasing HDL cholesterol. Further research may show promising results on HDL rise. This study does not shown the role of piperine in reducing blood sugar and total cholesterol
{"title":"Effect of Piperine on Lipid Profile of Non-Transgenic Mice","authors":"Jagannadha Rao Peela, F. Elshaari, M. Elfrady, S. Shakila, H. E. Awamy, R. Singh, A. Belkheir, S. Zaidi, I. F. Barassi, R. Ramanujam","doi":"10.15866/IREBIC.V3I4.1562","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15866/IREBIC.V3I4.1562","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Piperine was isolated from Piper nigrum popularly known as black pepper. There were many studies earlier about piperine that it is powerful bio-enhancer for many drugs especially antibiotics. Piperine extract is believed to potentiate drugs several folds. The present study was focused on its effect individually on biochemical parameters like blood sugar and lipid profile before and after the administration of piperine. Materials and methods: 30 non-transgenic mice, obtained from the animal house of faculty of Medicine, Garyounis University, Benghazi, Libya were utilized for this study. These mice were fed with high cholesterol diet and were divided into 2 groups. 20 mice were administered Piperine with a dose of 5mg/kg body weight (Group I). Piperine was isolated in Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Garyounis University, Benghazi.10 mice were not administered piperine, but given high fat diet (Group II). These mice were anaesthetized with ketamine and halothane and blood was withdrawn from each mouse before study by cardiocentesis. Piperine was administered with high fat diet for 3 weeks for group I mice and only high fat diet given to mice belonging to group II. Blood samples were drawn again after 3 weeks from both the groups. Blood sugar, Serum, Cholesterol, Serum triglycerides and Serum high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol were measured in the Serum using authenticated methods. Results: Blood sugar was significantly elevated (p=0.001) after 3 weeks of administration of the piperine whereas it was decreased in groupB who were not given piperine. Serum cholesterol was significantly elevated (p=0.0025) after 3 weeks administration of piperine with high fat diet. There was no decrease in the cholesterol levels after piperine administration, when compared with that of groupB where the piperine was not administered. Serum triglycerides levels were significantly decreased (p=0.0005) after the administration of piperine but there was no significant difference in other group. HDL cholesterol was significantly elevated (p=0.0032) after administration of piperine and it was not significant (p=0.6553) in the group where no piperine was administered. Conclusion: According to this study, the beneficial effect of piperine appears to be in lowering triglycerides and increasing HDL cholesterol. Further research may show promising results on HDL rise. This study does not shown the role of piperine in reducing blood sugar and total cholesterol","PeriodicalId":14377,"journal":{"name":"International Review of Biophysical Chemistry","volume":"30 1","pages":"70-73"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84299836","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-08-31DOI: 10.15866/IREBIC.V3I4.1563
M. Garg, Jyoti Solanki, M. Mehta, S. Satija
Residual solvents are potentially undesirable substances in herbal formulations when present above the permissible limits given by ICH guidelines in 1997 and they must be regulated properly in order to avoid their deleterious health effects. The present paper provides a recent update on the regulations for residual solvents, different Pharmacopoeial guidelines and analytical techniques available for the screening of residual solvents
{"title":"Regulatory and Analytical Aspects of Residual Solvents in Ayurvedic Formulations - A Recent Update","authors":"M. Garg, Jyoti Solanki, M. Mehta, S. Satija","doi":"10.15866/IREBIC.V3I4.1563","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15866/IREBIC.V3I4.1563","url":null,"abstract":"Residual solvents are potentially undesirable substances in herbal formulations when present above the permissible limits given by ICH guidelines in 1997 and they must be regulated properly in order to avoid their deleterious health effects. The present paper provides a recent update on the regulations for residual solvents, different Pharmacopoeial guidelines and analytical techniques available for the screening of residual solvents","PeriodicalId":14377,"journal":{"name":"International Review of Biophysical Chemistry","volume":"126 1","pages":"74-78"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73775491","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-08-31DOI: 10.15866/IREBIC.V3I4.1565
G. S. Silva, P. Rós, J. C. Santos, V. Perez, H. F. Castro
Porcine pancreatic lipase (PPL) immobilized on a hybrid matrix (polysiloxane polyvinyl alcohol, POS-PVA) was used to catalyze the transesterification of the palm oil with different short chain alcohols (ethanol, propanol and butanol) in solvent free system. The commercial biocatalyst, Lipozyme IM20, was used for comparison. The reaction system oil/ butanol showed to be the most suitable substrate to perform the reaction with both enzymatic preparations, attaining similar yields higher than 75%. Lower yields (< 55%) were achieved for the other reaction systems, and the immobilized pancreatic lipase showed better performance than Lipozyme IM20 in all cases. Based on the potential application of PPL immobilized on POS-PVA, further experiments were performed to determine the oil/butanol molar ratio under which the formation of butyl esters and productivity are maximized
{"title":"Enzymatic Transformation of Palm Oil in Biodiesel Using Porcine Pancreatic Lipase Immobilized on Hybrid Matrix","authors":"G. S. Silva, P. Rós, J. C. Santos, V. Perez, H. F. Castro","doi":"10.15866/IREBIC.V3I4.1565","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15866/IREBIC.V3I4.1565","url":null,"abstract":"Porcine pancreatic lipase (PPL) immobilized on a hybrid matrix (polysiloxane polyvinyl alcohol, POS-PVA) was used to catalyze the transesterification of the palm oil with different short chain alcohols (ethanol, propanol and butanol) in solvent free system. The commercial biocatalyst, Lipozyme IM20, was used for comparison. The reaction system oil/ butanol showed to be the most suitable substrate to perform the reaction with both enzymatic preparations, attaining similar yields higher than 75%. Lower yields (< 55%) were achieved for the other reaction systems, and the immobilized pancreatic lipase showed better performance than Lipozyme IM20 in all cases. Based on the potential application of PPL immobilized on POS-PVA, further experiments were performed to determine the oil/butanol molar ratio under which the formation of butyl esters and productivity are maximized","PeriodicalId":14377,"journal":{"name":"International Review of Biophysical Chemistry","volume":"24 1","pages":"89-93"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78195898","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-08-31DOI: 10.15866/IREBIC.V3I4.1561
S. Panda
The peroxidation of thylakoid membrane lipids is one of the major degradative processes causing drastic modification of structural and functional characteristics of the photosynthetic organell. The peroxidation process is modulated by a number of exogenous factors like light, pH, toxic metal ions etc. Three toxic metal ions namely mercury, lead and cadmium are able to modify the process of thylakoid peroxidation and lower photochemical potential. Different mechanisms have been proposed to explain differential action of these metal ions on peroxidation process. The cation induced modulation has been explained in terms of binding of the cation to thylakoid surface, generation and entry of reactive oxygen species and stacking ability of the cations
{"title":"Differential Action of Toxic Metal Ions on Thylakoid Membrane Lipid Peroxidation","authors":"S. Panda","doi":"10.15866/IREBIC.V3I4.1561","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15866/IREBIC.V3I4.1561","url":null,"abstract":"The peroxidation of thylakoid membrane lipids is one of the major degradative processes causing drastic modification of structural and functional characteristics of the photosynthetic organell. The peroxidation process is modulated by a number of exogenous factors like light, pH, toxic metal ions etc. Three toxic metal ions namely mercury, lead and cadmium are able to modify the process of thylakoid peroxidation and lower photochemical potential. Different mechanisms have been proposed to explain differential action of these metal ions on peroxidation process. The cation induced modulation has been explained in terms of binding of the cation to thylakoid surface, generation and entry of reactive oxygen species and stacking ability of the cations","PeriodicalId":14377,"journal":{"name":"International Review of Biophysical Chemistry","volume":"16 1","pages":"66-69"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84747406","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-08-31DOI: 10.15866/IREBIC.V3I4.1564
John Posada, C. Cardona, C. Orrego
Fermentation is used to transform raw materials such as sugar, starch or other substrates with living cells to more complex target products such as alcohols, ketones, vitamins, antibiotics, amino acids or often achiral organic molecules. Biodiesel together with glycerol are produced by transesterification process, which can be carried out by two ways, chemically catalyzed or biocatalytically. Where, methanol from non-renewable oil is the most used raw material. Chemical catalysis has several drawbacks as fatty acid alkaline salts (soaps) generation, difficult glycerol recovering, energetically intensive process, using alkaline catalysts or elevated reaction temperatures and high reaction times using catalysis acid. Biocatalytic approach -whole-cell or enzymatic- is located at the interface between fermentation processes and petrol-based chemistry. This work reviews the biodiesel production through biocatalytic process, and analyzes the biotechnological transformation of glycerol (by product of biodiesel production) to ethanol (a potentially important raw material in biodiesel production), and other bioconversion products
{"title":"Biodiesel Production: Biotechnological Approach","authors":"John Posada, C. Cardona, C. Orrego","doi":"10.15866/IREBIC.V3I4.1564","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15866/IREBIC.V3I4.1564","url":null,"abstract":"Fermentation is used to transform raw materials such as sugar, starch or other substrates with living cells to more complex target products such as alcohols, ketones, vitamins, antibiotics, amino acids or often achiral organic molecules. Biodiesel together with glycerol are produced by transesterification process, which can be carried out by two ways, chemically catalyzed or biocatalytically. Where, methanol from non-renewable oil is the most used raw material. Chemical catalysis has several drawbacks as fatty acid alkaline salts (soaps) generation, difficult glycerol recovering, energetically intensive process, using alkaline catalysts or elevated reaction temperatures and high reaction times using catalysis acid. Biocatalytic approach -whole-cell or enzymatic- is located at the interface between fermentation processes and petrol-based chemistry. This work reviews the biodiesel production through biocatalytic process, and analyzes the biotechnological transformation of glycerol (by product of biodiesel production) to ethanol (a potentially important raw material in biodiesel production), and other bioconversion products","PeriodicalId":14377,"journal":{"name":"International Review of Biophysical Chemistry","volume":"2 1","pages":"79-88"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81259984","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-07-01DOI: 10.15866/IREBIC.V3I3.1558
P. B. P. Góis, G. Olyveira, L. Costa, C. Chianca, Igor Ives Santos Fraga, P. Basmaji, C. Córdoba, L. Xavier-Filho
Bacterial cellulose (BC), which is produced by some strains of the bacterial genera Acetobacter, represents a potential alternative to plant-derived cellulose. Due to its high water-holding capacity, high crystallinity, high tensile strength and fine web-like network structure, which means that it can be formed into any size or shape, BC is being used as a promising nanofiber biomaterial. The bacterial cellulose fermentation process is achieved by using the sugar as carbohydrate source. Different carbon sources can be used for the cellulose synthesis, namely glucose, fructose and cane sugar. Results of this process would be nanobiocellulose biomass.In order to improve cellulose production, determine the purity and some structural features of the cellulose from this strain; it was isolated and identified the microorganisms from kombucha and their ability to cellulose biosynthesis. It was found that the microorganisms Gluconacetobacter intermedius is the best for cellulose production with higher cellulose levels (14.63g/L) in static culture conditions. These results indicating the G. intermedius strain from Kombucha has industrial and commercial potential for cellulose production
{"title":"Influence of Symbioses Culture between Microorganisms/Yeast Strains on Cellulose Synthesis","authors":"P. B. P. Góis, G. Olyveira, L. Costa, C. Chianca, Igor Ives Santos Fraga, P. Basmaji, C. Córdoba, L. Xavier-Filho","doi":"10.15866/IREBIC.V3I3.1558","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15866/IREBIC.V3I3.1558","url":null,"abstract":"Bacterial cellulose (BC), which is produced by some strains of the bacterial genera Acetobacter, represents a potential alternative to plant-derived cellulose. Due to its high water-holding capacity, high crystallinity, high tensile strength and fine web-like network structure, which means that it can be formed into any size or shape, BC is being used as a promising nanofiber biomaterial. The bacterial cellulose fermentation process is achieved by using the sugar as carbohydrate source. Different carbon sources can be used for the cellulose synthesis, namely glucose, fructose and cane sugar. Results of this process would be nanobiocellulose biomass.In order to improve cellulose production, determine the purity and some structural features of the cellulose from this strain; it was isolated and identified the microorganisms from kombucha and their ability to cellulose biosynthesis. It was found that the microorganisms Gluconacetobacter intermedius is the best for cellulose production with higher cellulose levels (14.63g/L) in static culture conditions. These results indicating the G. intermedius strain from Kombucha has industrial and commercial potential for cellulose production","PeriodicalId":14377,"journal":{"name":"International Review of Biophysical Chemistry","volume":"34 1","pages":"48-54"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90038923","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-07-01DOI: 10.15866/IREBIC.V3I3.1560
M. Pervaiz, M. Sain
Secondary sludge (SS) and mixed sludge (MS) from a Canadian paper mill were characterized, and investigated for extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) to explore the potential opportunity for value added utilization of waste paper sludge as wood adhesive. After basic characterization which showed the availability of significant amount of organic matter, further study of wood adhesive extenders were carried out through extraction of EPS by using 4000g centrifugation, a physical control method, and a chemical extraction technique involving formaldehyde and sodium hydroxide reagents. Gravimetric analysis showed the chemical extraction technique as being efficient method by yielding up to 5 times more EPS compared to physical control method. SS sludge, as anticipated, contained significantly high amount of EPS compared to MS. Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (FTIR) studies on extracted EPS confirmed the presence of key functional groups related to potential adhesions like protein, glucose, lignin, and carbohydrates. The polymeric nature of EPS was further diagnosed through calorimetric studies
{"title":"Extraction and Characterization of Extracellular Polymeric Substances (EPS) from Waste Sludge of Pulp and Paper Mill","authors":"M. Pervaiz, M. Sain","doi":"10.15866/IREBIC.V3I3.1560","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15866/IREBIC.V3I3.1560","url":null,"abstract":"Secondary sludge (SS) and mixed sludge (MS) from a Canadian paper mill were characterized, and investigated for extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) to explore the potential opportunity for value added utilization of waste paper sludge as wood adhesive. After basic characterization which showed the availability of significant amount of organic matter, further study of wood adhesive extenders were carried out through extraction of EPS by using 4000g centrifugation, a physical control method, and a chemical extraction technique involving formaldehyde and sodium hydroxide reagents. Gravimetric analysis showed the chemical extraction technique as being efficient method by yielding up to 5 times more EPS compared to physical control method. SS sludge, as anticipated, contained significantly high amount of EPS compared to MS. Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (FTIR) studies on extracted EPS confirmed the presence of key functional groups related to potential adhesions like protein, glucose, lignin, and carbohydrates. The polymeric nature of EPS was further diagnosed through calorimetric studies","PeriodicalId":14377,"journal":{"name":"International Review of Biophysical Chemistry","volume":"20 1","pages":"61-65"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77597338","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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