Pub Date : 2011-04-30DOI: 10.15866/IREBIC.V2I2.1511
I. Romanovska, Yu. A. Shesterenko, O. Sevast’yanov, V. Osetrov, I. Pashkin
Enzymatic removal of phenol from aqueous solution was undertaken by the combined use of partially purified mushroom tyrosinase, immobilized in modified poly-N-vinylpyrrolidone, and inorganic coagulants (potassium, ammonium and ferric ammonium alum). Under optimum conditions (pH=6.5, T=25 °C, time of transformation – 1h) immobilized tyrosinase catalyzed the complete oxidation of phenol in batch reactor during 8 cycles, and the total number of cycles with a high degree of phenol transformation reaches 15. Inorganic coagulants eliminate colored products of phenol oxidation in a broad range of initial pollutant concentrations (0.5-10 mmol/dm3). The removal rates in all cases exceeded 97%
{"title":"Phenol Removal by Tyrosinase, Immobilized in Modified Poly-N-vinylpyrrolidone, with Inorganic Coagulants Application","authors":"I. Romanovska, Yu. A. Shesterenko, O. Sevast’yanov, V. Osetrov, I. Pashkin","doi":"10.15866/IREBIC.V2I2.1511","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15866/IREBIC.V2I2.1511","url":null,"abstract":"Enzymatic removal of phenol from aqueous solution was undertaken by the combined use of partially purified mushroom tyrosinase, immobilized in modified poly-N-vinylpyrrolidone, and inorganic coagulants (potassium, ammonium and ferric ammonium alum). Under optimum conditions (pH=6.5, T=25 °C, time of transformation – 1h) immobilized tyrosinase catalyzed the complete oxidation of phenol in batch reactor during 8 cycles, and the total number of cycles with a high degree of phenol transformation reaches 15. Inorganic coagulants eliminate colored products of phenol oxidation in a broad range of initial pollutant concentrations (0.5-10 mmol/dm3). The removal rates in all cases exceeded 97%","PeriodicalId":14377,"journal":{"name":"International Review of Biophysical Chemistry","volume":"76 1","pages":"54-60"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91014204","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-04-30DOI: 10.15866/IREBIC.V2I2.1509
S. N. Azizi, Atefeh Shoorzandi
The objective of the present study is focused on the chemical composition of the organic compound from Medlar's leave and fruit of Iran (Savadkooh, Mazandaran). Organic compound were extracted through solvent extraction in the soxhlet apparatus using n-Hexan. The extracts of the leaves were analyzed by gas chromatography and GC/MS system. Thirteen compounds were characterized for the essential oil from the Medlar's leaves. The results showed that the main fatty acid was linolenic acid with percentages of 28.18 in the Medlar's leaves. Fourteen compounds were identified for essential oil from the Medlar’s fruit.The results of fatty acids analyzed showed that the main fatty acid was linoleic acid with percentages of 21 in the Medlar's fruit
{"title":"Essential Oils from the Leaves and Fruit of Wild Medlar in Iran","authors":"S. N. Azizi, Atefeh Shoorzandi","doi":"10.15866/IREBIC.V2I2.1509","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15866/IREBIC.V2I2.1509","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of the present study is focused on the chemical composition of the organic compound from Medlar's leave and fruit of Iran (Savadkooh, Mazandaran). Organic compound were extracted through solvent extraction in the soxhlet apparatus using n-Hexan. The extracts of the leaves were analyzed by gas chromatography and GC/MS system. Thirteen compounds were characterized for the essential oil from the Medlar's leaves. The results showed that the main fatty acid was linolenic acid with percentages of 28.18 in the Medlar's leaves. Fourteen compounds were identified for essential oil from the Medlar’s fruit.The results of fatty acids analyzed showed that the main fatty acid was linoleic acid with percentages of 21 in the Medlar's fruit","PeriodicalId":14377,"journal":{"name":"International Review of Biophysical Chemistry","volume":"65 1","pages":"51-53"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90928174","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-04-30DOI: 10.15866/IREBIC.V2I2.1512
S. Panda
Rapid industrialization and urbanization result in accumulation of verities of pollutants in the atmosphere which have significant detrimental effects on both biotic and abiotic components of the environment. One of the natural defence mechanisms for the removal of pollutants is the involvement of hydroxyl radical (.OH), a potent reactive oxygen species in the atmosphere. It is generated either through photo-dissociation reactions or through some photocatalytic reactions. It acts as a strong oxidant causing destruction or transformation of both organic and inorganic pollutants in the environment. However its presence in excess can cause degradation of lipid-protein complex of biomembranes and other biomolecules possibly through membrane lipid peroxidation
{"title":"Hydroxyl Radical: a Key Species in Atmospheric Reaction","authors":"S. Panda","doi":"10.15866/IREBIC.V2I2.1512","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15866/IREBIC.V2I2.1512","url":null,"abstract":"Rapid industrialization and urbanization result in accumulation of verities of pollutants in the atmosphere which have significant detrimental effects on both biotic and abiotic components of the environment. One of the natural defence mechanisms for the removal of pollutants is the involvement of hydroxyl radical (.OH), a potent reactive oxygen species in the atmosphere. It is generated either through photo-dissociation reactions or through some photocatalytic reactions. It acts as a strong oxidant causing destruction or transformation of both organic and inorganic pollutants in the environment. However its presence in excess can cause degradation of lipid-protein complex of biomembranes and other biomolecules possibly through membrane lipid peroxidation","PeriodicalId":14377,"journal":{"name":"International Review of Biophysical Chemistry","volume":"15 1","pages":"207-210"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90759022","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-04-30DOI: 10.15866/IREBIC.V2I2.1508
Carsten August Wilhelmsen, M. Jensen, W. Nerdal
Coenzyme Q10, CoQ10, or ubiquinone is composed of ten isoprene units and a quinoid moiety capable of taking part in redox reactions and its reduced form, ubiquinol, is a potent free radical scavenger in lipid membranes. In this study 0, 2, 4 and 10 mol% CoQ10 in 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycerol-3-phosphatidylserine (POPS) bilayer have been prepared and 13C magic angle spinning (MAS) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) as well as static and MAS 31P NMR experiments have been carried out. The results show that CoQ10 added to the POPS bilayer will modify the properties of the lipid matrix and promote appearance of lipid phases of higher molecular mobility than what is found in the corresponding pure POPS bilayer. The formation of CoQ10 containing lipid phases of high molecular mobility in membranes can be important for the biological function of CoQ10
{"title":"Coenzyme-Q10 Promotes Lipid Phases of High Molecular Mobility when Interacting with 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycerol-3-phosphatidylserine: a 13C and 31P Solid-State Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Study","authors":"Carsten August Wilhelmsen, M. Jensen, W. Nerdal","doi":"10.15866/IREBIC.V2I2.1508","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15866/IREBIC.V2I2.1508","url":null,"abstract":"Coenzyme Q10, CoQ10, or ubiquinone is composed of ten isoprene units and a quinoid moiety capable of taking part in redox reactions and its reduced form, ubiquinol, is a potent free radical scavenger in lipid membranes. In this study 0, 2, 4 and 10 mol% CoQ10 in 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycerol-3-phosphatidylserine (POPS) bilayer have been prepared and 13C magic angle spinning (MAS) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) as well as static and MAS 31P NMR experiments have been carried out. The results show that CoQ10 added to the POPS bilayer will modify the properties of the lipid matrix and promote appearance of lipid phases of higher molecular mobility than what is found in the corresponding pure POPS bilayer. The formation of CoQ10 containing lipid phases of high molecular mobility in membranes can be important for the biological function of CoQ10","PeriodicalId":14377,"journal":{"name":"International Review of Biophysical Chemistry","volume":"60 25 1","pages":"40-50"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74970757","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-02-28DOI: 10.15866/IREBIC.V2I1.1504
M. Najafpour, W. Hillier, M. Lashgari, Davoud Matloubi
The oxygen production reaction between Co(II) and Oxone (2KHSO 5 ·KHSO 4 ·K 2 SO 4 ) at pH = 4.5 was studied. Oxygen production was seen to be a first order reaction in the presence of Co(II) and Oxone but the overall reaction order is second order. T he analysis of the result revealed Co(III) and sulphate radical as proposal intermediates in oxygen production reaction. The reaction was studied at five different temperatures and kinetic and activation parameters were determined and a mechanism for oxygen production was proposed. To determine to what extent water was the source of the evolved oxygen, H 2 18 O isotope-labelling experiments coupled with membrane inlet mass spectrometry (MIMS) were carried out
{"title":"Oxygen Production of Peroxomonosulphate Induced by Cobalt(II)","authors":"M. Najafpour, W. Hillier, M. Lashgari, Davoud Matloubi","doi":"10.15866/IREBIC.V2I1.1504","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15866/IREBIC.V2I1.1504","url":null,"abstract":"The oxygen production reaction between Co(II) and Oxone (2KHSO 5 ·KHSO 4 ·K 2 SO 4 ) at pH = 4.5 was studied. Oxygen production was seen to be a first order reaction in the presence of Co(II) and Oxone but the overall reaction order is second order. T he analysis of the result revealed Co(III) and sulphate radical as proposal intermediates in oxygen production reaction. The reaction was studied at five different temperatures and kinetic and activation parameters were determined and a mechanism for oxygen production was proposed. To determine to what extent water was the source of the evolved oxygen, H 2 18 O isotope-labelling experiments coupled with membrane inlet mass spectrometry (MIMS) were carried out","PeriodicalId":14377,"journal":{"name":"International Review of Biophysical Chemistry","volume":"1 1","pages":"9-14"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89224430","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-02-28DOI: 10.15866/IREBIC.V2I1.1506
O. Cheham, S. Ghezali, A. Derdor
A comparative studying for the preparation of new compounds in series Imidazo [1,2-a] pyridine via the Mannich reaction which was carried out. Mannich bases, 3 to 6, were synthesized under standard conditions (conventional heating) or microwave irradiation (MW), by action of secondary amines on 2-methyl imidazo [1,2-a] pyridine 1 in the presence of formaldehyde. The results show synthesis under different conditions, for the first time, the training side of Mannich bases of 7 dimer resulting from the condensation of two moles of compound 1 and a mole of formaldehyde with very variable yields. For compound 3, for example,it is about 100%. Our study shows, whenthat we are preparing the initial substrate under MW irradiation, the presence of a compound 2 of the same molecular weight in the trace
{"title":"The Mannich Reaction in Imidazo [1,2-a] Pyridine Series Assisted by Microwave","authors":"O. Cheham, S. Ghezali, A. Derdor","doi":"10.15866/IREBIC.V2I1.1506","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15866/IREBIC.V2I1.1506","url":null,"abstract":"A comparative studying for the preparation of new compounds in series Imidazo [1,2-a] pyridine via the Mannich reaction which was carried out. Mannich bases, 3 to 6, were synthesized under standard conditions (conventional heating) or microwave irradiation (MW), by action of secondary amines on 2-methyl imidazo [1,2-a] pyridine 1 in the presence of formaldehyde. The results show synthesis under different conditions, for the first time, the training side of Mannich bases of 7 dimer resulting from the condensation of two moles of compound 1 and a mole of formaldehyde with very variable yields. For compound 3, for example,it is about 100%. Our study shows, whenthat we are preparing the initial substrate under MW irradiation, the presence of a compound 2 of the same molecular weight in the trace","PeriodicalId":14377,"journal":{"name":"International Review of Biophysical Chemistry","volume":"48 1","pages":"28-31"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84136317","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-12-31DOI: 10.15866/IREBIC.V1I3.1501
A. Haidar, A. Saad, M. Fadli, A. Chaouch, A. Echchelh
For the purpose of the physicochemical characterization of oil effluents of S.A.M.I.R oil Refinery, Sidi Kacem, Morocco and to exanimate the performance of its treatment station by the estimation of the purification outputs of its wastewater, we have evaluated for two years (2007-2008) on a monthly basis eleven physicochemical parameters upstream and downstream to this wastewater treatment station (wwts);with the exception of salinity, chloride and conductivity degree, the wide ranged statistical analysis (ACP) shows that purification operation is well carried for the rest of physicochemical variables, this avoid the contribution of such effluents to a dramatically water pollution if directly rejected in the receiving environment. The important finding of this study is that the main physicochemical characteristics of the treated water are proved compatible with the Moroccan oil refining industry standards
{"title":"A Case Study Concerning Physicochemical Characteristics and Purification Outputs of Oil Refinery Wastewater Treatment Station (Samir, Sidi Kacem, Morocco)","authors":"A. Haidar, A. Saad, M. Fadli, A. Chaouch, A. Echchelh","doi":"10.15866/IREBIC.V1I3.1501","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15866/IREBIC.V1I3.1501","url":null,"abstract":"For the purpose of the physicochemical characterization of oil effluents of S.A.M.I.R oil Refinery, Sidi Kacem, Morocco and to exanimate the performance of its treatment station by the estimation of the purification outputs of its wastewater, we have evaluated for two years (2007-2008) on a monthly basis eleven physicochemical parameters upstream and downstream to this wastewater treatment station (wwts);with the exception of salinity, chloride and conductivity degree, the wide ranged statistical analysis (ACP) shows that purification operation is well carried for the rest of physicochemical variables, this avoid the contribution of such effluents to a dramatically water pollution if directly rejected in the receiving environment. The important finding of this study is that the main physicochemical characteristics of the treated water are proved compatible with the Moroccan oil refining industry standards","PeriodicalId":14377,"journal":{"name":"International Review of Biophysical Chemistry","volume":"61 1","pages":"103-107"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83970099","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-12-31DOI: 10.15866/IREBIC.V1I3.1498
D. Benaissa, L. Méchernène, A. Addad, U. Maschke
The electro-optical behavior of Polymer Dispersed Liquid Crystal (PDLC) films was studied to understand the relationship between the conditions of preparation in terms of the extent of curing, the morphology, and the response to an external electrical field. The PDLC films were prepared by phase separation of a diacrylate/nematic low molecular weight liquid crystal mixture induced by Ultraviolet (UV) curing as a function of irradiation dose. The polymerization/crosslinking process was monitored by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) in terms of the radiation dose and LC concentration. The conversion of double bonds of the acrylic monomer shows a rapid increase at low dose values followed by a plateau. The transmission vs voltage curves were investigated as a function of wavelength and sample thickness, and show low transmission in the off-state and high transmission in the on-state. The analysis was accomplished by a proper morphology consideration
{"title":"Electro-Optical, Spectroscopical and Morphological Properties of Ultraviolet Cured Polymer/Liquid Crystal Films","authors":"D. Benaissa, L. Méchernène, A. Addad, U. Maschke","doi":"10.15866/IREBIC.V1I3.1498","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15866/IREBIC.V1I3.1498","url":null,"abstract":"The electro-optical behavior of Polymer Dispersed Liquid Crystal (PDLC) films was studied to understand the relationship between the conditions of preparation in terms of the extent of curing, the morphology, and the response to an external electrical field. The PDLC films were prepared by phase separation of a diacrylate/nematic low molecular weight liquid crystal mixture induced by Ultraviolet (UV) curing as a function of irradiation dose. The polymerization/crosslinking process was monitored by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) in terms of the radiation dose and LC concentration. The conversion of double bonds of the acrylic monomer shows a rapid increase at low dose values followed by a plateau. The transmission vs voltage curves were investigated as a function of wavelength and sample thickness, and show low transmission in the off-state and high transmission in the on-state. The analysis was accomplished by a proper morphology consideration","PeriodicalId":14377,"journal":{"name":"International Review of Biophysical Chemistry","volume":"24 1","pages":"84-89"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89492815","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-12-31DOI: 10.15866/IREBIC.V1I3.1499
A. Berrayah, U. Maschke
This investigation reports on static and dynamic mechanical properties of cross-linked Poly(tripropyleneglycoldiacrylate) (Poly-TPGDA) networks, elaborated via radical polymerization processes induced by Ultraviolet (UV) radiation. The presence of low molecular weight liquid crystal (LC) molecules in the polymer matrix modifies the dynamic and static mechanical behavior of the obtained composite materials. The storage modulus decreases with increasing LC content in the temperature range from T=25°C to -15°C, due to the plasticizing effect induced by the presence of low molecular weight LC in the polymer matrix. In the case of polymer/LC blends with more than 30 weight (wt.)-% LC and for temperatures lower than -15°C, a reinforcement effect could be seen, leading to a change of the shape of the decreasing curves. This phenomenon interferes with the plasticizing effect which himself governs the whole mechanical behavior of the cured polymer/LC system. A sort of competition takes place especially for temperatures lower than -75°C, so that the storage modulus increases or remains constant between 20 and 60 wt.-% LC
{"title":"Static and Dynamic Mechanical Properties of Cross-Linked Poly (Tripropyleneglycoldiacrylate)/Liquid Crystal Blends","authors":"A. Berrayah, U. Maschke","doi":"10.15866/IREBIC.V1I3.1499","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15866/IREBIC.V1I3.1499","url":null,"abstract":"This investigation reports on static and dynamic mechanical properties of cross-linked Poly(tripropyleneglycoldiacrylate) (Poly-TPGDA) networks, elaborated via radical polymerization processes induced by Ultraviolet (UV) radiation. The presence of low molecular weight liquid crystal (LC) molecules in the polymer matrix modifies the dynamic and static mechanical behavior of the obtained composite materials. The storage modulus decreases with increasing LC content in the temperature range from T=25°C to -15°C, due to the plasticizing effect induced by the presence of low molecular weight LC in the polymer matrix. In the case of polymer/LC blends with more than 30 weight (wt.)-% LC and for temperatures lower than -15°C, a reinforcement effect could be seen, leading to a change of the shape of the decreasing curves. This phenomenon interferes with the plasticizing effect which himself governs the whole mechanical behavior of the cured polymer/LC system. A sort of competition takes place especially for temperatures lower than -75°C, so that the storage modulus increases or remains constant between 20 and 60 wt.-% LC","PeriodicalId":14377,"journal":{"name":"International Review of Biophysical Chemistry","volume":"45 1","pages":"90-94"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90891615","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-12-31DOI: 10.15866/IREBIC.V1I3.1502
S. Khan, A. Rashmi
The most important renewable resource on this planet is biomass. As the value of biomass content is related to the chemical and physical properties of large molecules, the challenges for the future are to be found in a combination of the biological, physical and chemical sciences, to replicate an oil refinery with a biorefinery thus replacing finite non-renewable fossil resources with biorenewable biomass resources for the production of food, feed, fertilizer, fuel, energy, medicinal products, industrial chemical and related consumer product through the use of clean and green bioprocess technologies. Algal biorefineries offer significant potential for future supply of oils, protein, and carbohydrates for fuels and chemicals without impacting food supplies. The residual biomass from biodiesel production processes can be used potentially as animal and fisheries feed and after anaerobic digestion can be used as fertilizers in the form of compost. Even it could solve the problem of huge carbon emission from thermal power plant by recycling the carbon. The simple, direct method of greenhouse gas (GHG) mitigation is the removal of CO2 from stack gases, followed by long term sequestration of CO2 by microalgae ponds. Thus the microalgal biodiesel projects can qualify as clean development mechanism (CDM) projects and bring in additional income through the sale of certified emission reductions (CER). Microalgal biorefinery concept could become a highly distributed source of fuel oil, energy, feed, fertilizer and medicinal metabolites and perhaps make this world pollution free and leap towards sustainable development
{"title":"Algal Biorefinery: a Road towards Energy Independence and Sustainable Future","authors":"S. Khan, A. Rashmi","doi":"10.15866/IREBIC.V1I3.1502","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15866/IREBIC.V1I3.1502","url":null,"abstract":"The most important renewable resource on this planet is biomass. As the value of biomass content is related to the chemical and physical properties of large molecules, the challenges for the future are to be found in a combination of the biological, physical and chemical sciences, to replicate an oil refinery with a biorefinery thus replacing finite non-renewable fossil resources with biorenewable biomass resources for the production of food, feed, fertilizer, fuel, energy, medicinal products, industrial chemical and related consumer product through the use of clean and green bioprocess technologies. Algal biorefineries offer significant potential for future supply of oils, protein, and carbohydrates for fuels and chemicals without impacting food supplies. The residual biomass from biodiesel production processes can be used potentially as animal and fisheries feed and after anaerobic digestion can be used as fertilizers in the form of compost. Even it could solve the problem of huge carbon emission from thermal power plant by recycling the carbon. The simple, direct method of greenhouse gas (GHG) mitigation is the removal of CO2 from stack gases, followed by long term sequestration of CO2 by microalgae ponds. Thus the microalgal biodiesel projects can qualify as clean development mechanism (CDM) projects and bring in additional income through the sale of certified emission reductions (CER). Microalgal biorefinery concept could become a highly distributed source of fuel oil, energy, feed, fertilizer and medicinal metabolites and perhaps make this world pollution free and leap towards sustainable development","PeriodicalId":14377,"journal":{"name":"International Review of Biophysical Chemistry","volume":"74 1","pages":"108-113"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83739149","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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