Pub Date : 2018-02-06DOI: 10.4172/2252-5211.1000325
D. Mohapatra, Sahoo Kk, A. K. Sannigrahi
Paper mill wastes, though a hazardous wastes due to presence of different heavy metals, attract attention of researchers due to its huge availability as unwanted products, presence of good quantity of organic materials and society’s concern on environment pollution. Structural and Nitrogen amendments of Paper mill wastes are basic necessity at the initial decomposition stage for making it palatable to earthworms as well as for effective vermicomposting. This experiment was conducted for finding out the requirement of minimum possible time for initial aerobic decomposition of waste paper based paper mill wastes amended with saw dust and cow dung, either alone or in combination during its vermicomposting using Eisenia fetida earthworms. It was found that the amendment of Paper Mill waste with saw dust and cow dung in 1:0.5:0.5 ratio when processed through initial aerobic decomposition at least for 14 days with two turnings at 7 days interval, became very suitable for growth and survivability of earthworms and produced nutrient rich best quality vermicomposts which ultimately supported good growth of paddy seedlings. More turnings of bed materials help to reduce the concentration of heavy metals in vermicomposts through leaching loss. Addition of saw dust and cow dung as structural amendments with paper mill wastes increases both primary and secondary nutrients in vermicomposts prepared using Eisenia fetida earthworms.
{"title":"Influence of Initial Aerobic Decomposition on Vermicomposting of Paper Mill Wastes Amended with Saw Dust and Cow Dung","authors":"D. Mohapatra, Sahoo Kk, A. K. Sannigrahi","doi":"10.4172/2252-5211.1000325","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2252-5211.1000325","url":null,"abstract":"Paper mill wastes, though a hazardous wastes due to presence of different heavy metals, attract attention of researchers due to its huge availability as unwanted products, presence of good quantity of organic materials and society’s concern on environment pollution. Structural and Nitrogen amendments of Paper mill wastes are basic necessity at the initial decomposition stage for making it palatable to earthworms as well as for effective vermicomposting. This experiment was conducted for finding out the requirement of minimum possible time for initial aerobic decomposition of waste paper based paper mill wastes amended with saw dust and cow dung, either alone or in combination during its vermicomposting using Eisenia fetida earthworms. It was found that the amendment of Paper Mill waste with saw dust and cow dung in 1:0.5:0.5 ratio when processed through initial aerobic decomposition at least for 14 days with two turnings at 7 days interval, became very suitable for growth and survivability of earthworms and produced nutrient rich best quality vermicomposts which ultimately supported good growth of paddy seedlings. More turnings of bed materials help to reduce the concentration of heavy metals in vermicomposts through leaching loss. Addition of saw dust and cow dung as structural amendments with paper mill wastes increases both primary and secondary nutrients in vermicomposts prepared using Eisenia fetida earthworms.","PeriodicalId":14393,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Waste Resources","volume":"1 1","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78117812","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-18DOI: 10.4172/2252-5211.1000322
Aneesha Singh, S. Sharma, M. T. Shah
Reverse Osmosis (RO) is an effective technique to get potable water from brackish water. However, disposal of the high TDS reject RO water is a concern. The conventional methods used for disposal of RO reject water are expensive and not environmental friendly. Herein, the present study is an attempt to grow Salicornia brachiata using RO reject water; this approach provides a sustainable solution for utilizing RO reject water. The optimum plant growth was observed when irrigated with RO reject water (A-type) having TDS of 26511-27102 ppm. Additionally, the biomass of plants was found moderately better when treated with A-type reject water compared to the plants irrigated with high saline water (sea water) having TDS of similar range i.e., 27511-28010 ppm TDS. The highest values of succulence (phylloclade diameter) coincide with the growth optimum. The optimum inflorescence length was noted in A-type RO reject water and sea water treated plants. The moisture content in the plants was insignificantly different at different TDS. On the other hand, the short height plants were developed with less number of branches and biomass, when treated with A-type RO reject water having F concentration of 25 and 50 mg/L, The test results of phylloclade for F- was found in the range of 0.09-0.12 mg/100 gm DW indicates that S. brachiata is F- tolerant plant. Therefore, the finding suggest that cultivating S. brachiata plant as a vegetable in greenhouse using RO reject water with and without F- is potential as well as environmental friendly solution for reject water management.
{"title":"Successful Cultivation of Salicornia brachiata – A Sea Asparagus Utilizing RO Reject Water: A Sustainable Solution","authors":"Aneesha Singh, S. Sharma, M. T. Shah","doi":"10.4172/2252-5211.1000322","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2252-5211.1000322","url":null,"abstract":"Reverse Osmosis (RO) is an effective technique to get potable water from brackish water. However, disposal of the high TDS reject RO water is a concern. The conventional methods used for disposal of RO reject water are expensive and not environmental friendly. Herein, the present study is an attempt to grow Salicornia brachiata using RO reject water; this approach provides a sustainable solution for utilizing RO reject water. The optimum plant growth was observed when irrigated with RO reject water (A-type) having TDS of 26511-27102 ppm. Additionally, the biomass of plants was found moderately better when treated with A-type reject water compared to the plants irrigated with high saline water (sea water) having TDS of similar range i.e., 27511-28010 ppm TDS. The highest values of succulence (phylloclade diameter) coincide with the growth optimum. The optimum inflorescence length was noted in A-type RO reject water and sea water treated plants. The moisture content in the plants was insignificantly different at different TDS. On the other hand, the short height plants were developed with less number of branches and biomass, when treated with A-type RO reject water having F concentration of 25 and 50 mg/L, The test results of phylloclade for F- was found in the range of 0.09-0.12 mg/100 gm DW indicates that S. brachiata is F- tolerant plant. Therefore, the finding suggest that cultivating S. brachiata plant as a vegetable in greenhouse using RO reject water with and without F- is potential as well as environmental friendly solution for reject water management.","PeriodicalId":14393,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Waste Resources","volume":"79 1","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73772606","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-09DOI: 10.4172/2252-5211.1000320
Mitali Parvin, A. Begum
Space within urban areas is differentially allocated among rich and the poor; existence for the poor becomes tenuous within conditions of environment degradation. Many migrants to the city are faced with uncertainties in their rural origins and opt for better opportunities in the city. However, in the city their activities are remunerated but meagre and without adequate provision for safety to health, in times of climate induced inundation. Urban management in this city is unsatisfactory but, theories conjecture an informality- organizing culture rather than lack of coordination and weak implementation. This paper contends that the problem will sustain, if addressed in a laissez faire manner. Management issues like garbage collection, freeing of effective space for remunerated economic activity, should be based on innovative approach which can minimize environment squalor. This paper delineates a management system for garbage disposal to free urban space to build a functionally viable city.
{"title":"Organic Solid Waste Management and the Urban Poor in Dhaka City","authors":"Mitali Parvin, A. Begum","doi":"10.4172/2252-5211.1000320","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2252-5211.1000320","url":null,"abstract":"Space within urban areas is differentially allocated among rich and the poor; existence for the poor becomes tenuous within conditions of environment degradation. Many migrants to the city are faced with uncertainties in their rural origins and opt for better opportunities in the city. However, in the city their activities are remunerated but meagre and without adequate provision for safety to health, in times of climate induced inundation. Urban management in this city is unsatisfactory but, theories conjecture an informality- organizing culture rather than lack of coordination and weak implementation. This paper contends that the problem will sustain, if addressed in a laissez faire manner. Management issues like garbage collection, freeing of effective space for remunerated economic activity, should be based on innovative approach which can minimize environment squalor. This paper delineates a management system for garbage disposal to free urban space to build a functionally viable city.","PeriodicalId":14393,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Waste Resources","volume":"87 1","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86852813","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.4172/2252-5211.1000359
E. Brozou, Z. Ioannou, A. Dimirkou
Clinoptilolite, which was modified with hexadecyltrimethylammonium-bromide solution (HDTMA-Br) in a proportion of 1/8 w/v (Ζ1), was applied for the adsorption of chromate anions from aqueous solutions. Different initial concentrations of chromate anions from 0 to 145 ppm were added as K2Cr2O7 to 1 g of modified zeolite adsorbent. Zeolite (clinoptilolite, Z) was also used for comparison reasons. The kinetic analysis of both adsorbents (Z, Z1) was studied at 25°C. Equilibrium isotherms of chromate anions were studied for clinoptilolite and modified zeolite at 25, 40 and 60°C. According to the kinetic analysis, the chromate anions adsorption capacity reached at 1115.10 mg Cr (VI)/kg adsorbent for Z1 and 35.05 mg Cr (VI) kg for Z. According to isotherms, the adsorption of Cr (VI) on Z1 and Z did not increase with the increase of temperature indicating that the whole adsorption mechanism is controlled by chemisorption and not by physical adsorption. Modified zeolite and zeolite were tested to two different soils, i.e. a soil amendments. The modification of clinoptilolite with HDTMA-Br leads to the creation of positively charged surface sites of zeolite increasing the adsorption of Cr (VI) as chromate anions. Such adsorbents can be applied for the removal of heavy metals and dyes in an anionic form from wastewater and soil solutions where negative charged sites of clinoptilolite present low adsorption capacity.
{"title":"Removal of Cr (VI) and Cr (III) From Polluted Water and Soil Sown with Beet (Beta Vulgaris) or Celery (Apium Graveolens) after the Addition of Modified Zeolites","authors":"E. Brozou, Z. Ioannou, A. Dimirkou","doi":"10.4172/2252-5211.1000359","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2252-5211.1000359","url":null,"abstract":"Clinoptilolite, which was modified with hexadecyltrimethylammonium-bromide solution (HDTMA-Br) in a proportion of 1/8 w/v (Ζ1), was applied for the adsorption of chromate anions from aqueous solutions. Different initial concentrations of chromate anions from 0 to 145 ppm were added as K2Cr2O7 to 1 g of modified zeolite adsorbent. Zeolite (clinoptilolite, Z) was also used for comparison reasons. The kinetic analysis of both adsorbents (Z, Z1) was studied at 25°C. Equilibrium isotherms of chromate anions were studied for clinoptilolite and modified zeolite at 25, 40 and 60°C. According to the kinetic analysis, the chromate anions adsorption capacity reached at 1115.10 mg Cr (VI)/kg adsorbent for Z1 and 35.05 mg Cr (VI) kg for Z. According to isotherms, the adsorption of Cr (VI) on Z1 and Z did not increase with the increase of temperature indicating that the whole adsorption mechanism is controlled by chemisorption and not by physical adsorption. Modified zeolite and zeolite were tested to two different soils, i.e. a soil amendments. The modification of clinoptilolite with HDTMA-Br leads to the creation of positively charged surface sites of zeolite increasing the adsorption of Cr (VI) as chromate anions. Such adsorbents can be applied for the removal of heavy metals and dyes in an anionic form from wastewater and soil solutions where negative charged sites of clinoptilolite present low adsorption capacity.","PeriodicalId":14393,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Waste Resources","volume":"29 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81705907","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.4172/2252-5211.1000349
Kim Soon Heng, Xiaolong Sun, Alec Liu, Geetha Salgunan, G. Kumar, S. Tan
{"title":"Physicochemical Characterization of Singapore’ Municipal Solid Waste Air Pollution Control Residues and its Stabilization by VKI Treatment","authors":"Kim Soon Heng, Xiaolong Sun, Alec Liu, Geetha Salgunan, G. Kumar, S. Tan","doi":"10.4172/2252-5211.1000349","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2252-5211.1000349","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14393,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Waste Resources","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86425977","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.4172/2252-5211.1000346
S. Arya, Ajay Gupta, A. Bhardwaj
The electronics industry is the one of the world's largest and fastest growing manufacturing industry. Discarded electronic and electrical equipment with all of their peripherals at the end of its useful life is termed as E-waste. But nowadays the main problem with the electronics products is that we generally don't consider the lifespan of it, mainly in case of mobile phones, laptops/PC, we frequently buys new products ultimately leading to an increased E-waste. Also, we don't know what to do with the discarded electronics items. We generally store them in our home as we are not aware of the hazardous effect of these E-devices on human health as well as on the environment. This paper projects a pilot study conducted in northern Indian states to find out the awareness level among the Consumer (Individual and Organizational) and recycler about the hazardous effect of E-waste. Punjab, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh, Delhi, Chandigarh are selected for the pilot study.
{"title":"Electronic Waste Management Approaches - A Pilot Study in Northern Indian States","authors":"S. Arya, Ajay Gupta, A. Bhardwaj","doi":"10.4172/2252-5211.1000346","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2252-5211.1000346","url":null,"abstract":"The electronics industry is the one of the world's largest and fastest growing manufacturing industry. Discarded electronic and electrical equipment with all of their peripherals at the end of its useful life is termed as E-waste. But nowadays the main problem with the electronics products is that we generally don't consider the lifespan of it, mainly in case of mobile phones, laptops/PC, we frequently buys new products ultimately leading to an increased E-waste. Also, we don't know what to do with the discarded electronics items. We generally store them in our home as we are not aware of the hazardous effect of these E-devices on human health as well as on the environment. This paper projects a pilot study conducted in northern Indian states to find out the awareness level among the Consumer (Individual and Organizational) and recycler about the hazardous effect of E-waste. Punjab, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh, Delhi, Chandigarh are selected for the pilot study.","PeriodicalId":14393,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Waste Resources","volume":"29 1","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75557737","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.4172/2252-5211.1000353
D. Ayalew
{"title":"Theoretical and Empirical Review of Ethiopian Water Resource Potentials, Challenges and Future Development Opportunities","authors":"D. Ayalew","doi":"10.4172/2252-5211.1000353","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2252-5211.1000353","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14393,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Waste Resources","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80812196","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.4172/2252-5211.1000351
Morteza Badkouby
{"title":"Illumination and Aeration Compared with Application of Combined Adsorbent for Purification of Grey Water as a New Available Source (Laboratory Scale)","authors":"Morteza Badkouby","doi":"10.4172/2252-5211.1000351","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2252-5211.1000351","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14393,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Waste Resources","volume":"88 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80290394","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.4172/2252-5211.1000333
Dzivaidzo Mumbengegwi, Tianxin Li, Jean Pierre Muhoza
Wastewater treatment for urban areas has become a very important factor in the improvement of environmental quality. Increasing rates of urbanisation has increased environmental stresses, emphasising the importance of environmental protection. Sewage treatment is the most effective method to improve water quality. However, a recent increase in the sewage treatment rates has not improved the overall water quality in China. Data collected from the China Statistical Yearbooks has shown that there has been an increase in sewage treatment rates, particularly in larger cities. With 3350 wastewater treatment facilities ranging from super large facilities that can cater to a population of 1 million, to small facilities that cater to smaller populations of less than 100 000. The overall water quality remained low due to the unavailability of wastewater pipelines to connect to the WWTP. Possible ways to improve the situation is to introduce water reuse systems, which requires a certain percentage of water is expected to return to the water supply. This will replenish stressed water sources as well as provide incentive to ensure wastewater is effectively transported for treatment.
{"title":"An Overview of Sewage Treatment Rates in Chinese Cities [Article Retracted]","authors":"Dzivaidzo Mumbengegwi, Tianxin Li, Jean Pierre Muhoza","doi":"10.4172/2252-5211.1000333","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2252-5211.1000333","url":null,"abstract":"Wastewater treatment for urban areas has become a very important factor in the improvement of environmental quality. Increasing rates of urbanisation has increased environmental stresses, emphasising the importance of environmental protection. Sewage treatment is the most effective method to improve water quality. However, a recent increase in the sewage treatment rates has not improved the overall water quality in China. Data collected from the China Statistical Yearbooks has shown that there has been an increase in sewage treatment rates, particularly in larger cities. With 3350 wastewater treatment facilities ranging from super large facilities that can cater to a population of 1 million, to small facilities that cater to smaller populations of less than 100 000. The overall water quality remained low due to the unavailability of wastewater pipelines to connect to the WWTP. Possible ways to improve the situation is to introduce water reuse systems, which requires a certain percentage of water is expected to return to the water supply. This will replenish stressed water sources as well as provide incentive to ensure wastewater is effectively transported for treatment.","PeriodicalId":14393,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Waste Resources","volume":"301 1","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79726294","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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