Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.4172/2252-5211.1000350
O. A. Ikhuoso
{"title":"The Role of Educational Programs to enhance Stakeholder Participation for Sustainable Waste Management in Developing Countries: An Investigation into Public Secondary Schools in Nigeria","authors":"O. A. Ikhuoso","doi":"10.4172/2252-5211.1000350","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2252-5211.1000350","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14393,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Waste Resources","volume":"66 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84582726","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-12-31DOI: 10.4172/2252-5211.1000262
H. Wilts
Facing an ever-increasing global consumption of natural resources and related environmental as well as socioeconomic challenges, the transition towards a circular economy will be of crucial importance. The issue is high on the political agenda, especially since the European Commission published its Circular Economy Action Plan in December 2015. Apparently different stakeholders have very different perceptions of the concept as well as different expectations for its implementation. During a workshop series by the Friedrich Ebert Stiftung, experts from policy, science, administration, industry and unions discussed key issues for the circular economy: What´s the status quo in Germany? How can the circular economy be implemented in a comprehensive and efficient way? Which instruments are available? Is the legal framework on EU and national level sufficient for the evolvement of a circular economy? What is the role of the consumer? What are the economic potentials especially with regard to job creation? How can research and innovation policy contribute to this process? This paper aims to summarise the different discussions.
{"title":"Key Challenges for Transformations Towards a Circular Economy â TheStatus Quo in Germany","authors":"H. Wilts","doi":"10.4172/2252-5211.1000262","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2252-5211.1000262","url":null,"abstract":"Facing an ever-increasing global consumption of natural resources and related environmental as well as socioeconomic challenges, the transition towards a circular economy will be of crucial importance. The issue is high on the political agenda, especially since the European Commission published its Circular Economy Action Plan in December 2015. Apparently different stakeholders have very different perceptions of the concept as well as different expectations for its implementation. During a workshop series by the Friedrich Ebert Stiftung, experts from policy, science, administration, industry and unions discussed key issues for the circular economy: What´s the status quo in Germany? How can the circular economy be implemented in a comprehensive and efficient way? Which instruments are available? Is the legal framework on EU and national level sufficient for the evolvement of a circular economy? What is the role of the consumer? What are the economic potentials especially with regard to job creation? How can research and innovation policy contribute to this process? This paper aims to summarise the different discussions.","PeriodicalId":14393,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Waste Resources","volume":"33 1","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86477988","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-12-27DOI: 10.4172/2252-5211.1000315
Muhoza Jean Pierre, Hongzhi Ma, Loissi Kalakodio, Dzivaidzo Mumbengegwi
Microbial fuel cell (MFC) air cathode present a great potential among other configurations due to its simple design, low cost and direct use oxygen from air as terminal electron acceptor which could help to save tremendous energy used for aeration in conventional wastewater treatment. However, at the cathode oxygen reduction reaction which is vital to generate high power density is naturally slow, therefore a catalyst is needed to overcome its reaction over-potential. Platinum (Pt) is the standard used catalyst in large number of oxidation reduction reactions whether in basic or acidic electrolytes. But, due to its high cost and limited resources it doesn’t make it a sustainable candidate for scaling up of this juvenile technology. Activated carbon was found to be a low cost and environmental friendly Oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) catalyst in microbial fuel cell, but still exhibit lower catalytic behavior in its bare form which results in low power output. In this review we aims at making an overview of different promising technologies currently used to boost Activated carbon catalytic performance toward ORR in MFC air cathode and compare their outcomes in terms of catalytic behavior and MFC power output to the standard Pt and bare activated carbon catalysts. Advantages, disadvantages and bottlenecks of these techniques also will be discussed.
{"title":"Enhancing Catalyst Efficiency of Activated Carbon for Oxygen Reduction Reaction in Air Cathode Microbial Fuel Cell Application","authors":"Muhoza Jean Pierre, Hongzhi Ma, Loissi Kalakodio, Dzivaidzo Mumbengegwi","doi":"10.4172/2252-5211.1000315","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2252-5211.1000315","url":null,"abstract":"Microbial fuel cell (MFC) air cathode present a great potential among other configurations due to its simple design, low cost and direct use oxygen from air as terminal electron acceptor which could help to save tremendous energy used for aeration in conventional wastewater treatment. However, at the cathode oxygen reduction reaction which is vital to generate high power density is naturally slow, therefore a catalyst is needed to overcome its reaction over-potential. Platinum (Pt) is the standard used catalyst in large number of oxidation reduction reactions whether in basic or acidic electrolytes. But, due to its high cost and limited resources it doesn’t make it a sustainable candidate for scaling up of this juvenile technology. Activated carbon was found to be a low cost and environmental friendly Oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) catalyst in microbial fuel cell, but still exhibit lower catalytic behavior in its bare form which results in low power output. In this review we aims at making an overview of different promising technologies currently used to boost Activated carbon catalytic performance toward ORR in MFC air cathode and compare their outcomes in terms of catalytic behavior and MFC power output to the standard Pt and bare activated carbon catalysts. Advantages, disadvantages and bottlenecks of these techniques also will be discussed.","PeriodicalId":14393,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Waste Resources","volume":"24 1","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83275610","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-12-23DOI: 10.4172/2252-5211.1000260
Joebenson Francis Lodungi, D. Alfred, Aishatul Farhan Mohd Khirulthzam, Farrah Frieda Rossa Binti Adnan, Santhia Tellich
The core frame of research is dominated by the waste management practice of the oil exploration and production waste discharges from Malaysia’s petroleum industry related to legislation. As the waste harms the environment, the composition and possible environmental impact of the waste produced from the offshore drilling process activities are studied. This research will lead to a better waste management practices framework which comply Malaysia’s legislation and regulation act. In this study, the biggest issues that limits the waste management practices in petroleum industry in Malaysia is lacking of practices on petroleum waste management. The main difference between waste management practices between Asian and African countries is the African country has more utilization of waste into useful product but has non-modification of the conventional disposal of waste and the Asia country has less utilization of waste but has modification of the conventional disposal of waste. In order to accept the challenge towards sustainable development, this study is very useful for a responsible party as it endow precious Malaysia’s asset and promoting a comprehensive efficacy of petroleum refining industry waste controlling practices.
{"title":"A Review in Oil Exploration and Production Waste Discharges According to Legislative and Waste Management Practices Perspective in Malaysia","authors":"Joebenson Francis Lodungi, D. Alfred, Aishatul Farhan Mohd Khirulthzam, Farrah Frieda Rossa Binti Adnan, Santhia Tellich","doi":"10.4172/2252-5211.1000260","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2252-5211.1000260","url":null,"abstract":"The core frame of research is dominated by the waste management practice of the oil exploration and production waste discharges from Malaysia’s petroleum industry related to legislation. As the waste harms the environment, the composition and possible environmental impact of the waste produced from the offshore drilling process activities are studied. This research will lead to a better waste management practices framework which comply Malaysia’s legislation and regulation act. In this study, the biggest issues that limits the waste management practices in petroleum industry in Malaysia is lacking of practices on petroleum waste management. The main difference between waste management practices between Asian and African countries is the African country has more utilization of waste into useful product but has non-modification of the conventional disposal of waste and the Asia country has less utilization of waste but has modification of the conventional disposal of waste. In order to accept the challenge towards sustainable development, this study is very useful for a responsible party as it endow precious Malaysia’s asset and promoting a comprehensive efficacy of petroleum refining industry waste controlling practices.","PeriodicalId":14393,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Waste Resources","volume":"30 1","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86962596","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-12-05DOI: 10.4172/2252-5211.1000313
Weerasinghe Vpa, Upeksha Kaluarachchi, S. Pilapitiya
Waste is a resource. Municipal solid waste management is a great concern in Sri Lanka due to high water content and heterogeneity of the waste. Composting is one of the important, cost effective methods of management of biological waste in developing countries. This study was performed to determine the optimum moisture range for effective composting, which can be maintained throughout the bio-oxidative phase of the composting process to accelerate the decomposition rate and eventually get a better compost product. Four wind row piles were set up with moisture contents adjusted to 60% ± 10% (Control) for five weeks, 40% ± 10% (Pile A), 60% ± 10% (Pile B) and 80% ± 10% (Pile C) for 8 weeks. Moisture content of the control pile was lowered to a value of 40%± 10% during the last three weeks while other piles were maintained within the experimental moisture ranges for the eight weeks of composting cycle. According to the temperature profiles of the piles, pile B showed the best temperature level for microorganisms. Other physico-chemical parameters were not significantly different between piles. Therefore, moisture content of pile B (60% ± 10%) was selected as the optimum moisture range for the bio-oxidative phase in the composting process. Unskilled labourers can maintain that moisture level easily by performing the squeeze test for the moisture.
{"title":"Resource Conservation by Effective Composting of Municipal Solid Waste in Sri Lanka â Optimum Moisture Range for the Bio-oxidative Phase","authors":"Weerasinghe Vpa, Upeksha Kaluarachchi, S. Pilapitiya","doi":"10.4172/2252-5211.1000313","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2252-5211.1000313","url":null,"abstract":"Waste is a resource. Municipal solid waste management is a great concern in Sri Lanka due to high water content and heterogeneity of the waste. Composting is one of the important, cost effective methods of management of biological waste in developing countries. This study was performed to determine the optimum moisture range for effective composting, which can be maintained throughout the bio-oxidative phase of the composting process to accelerate the decomposition rate and eventually get a better compost product. Four wind row piles were set up with moisture contents adjusted to 60% ± 10% (Control) for five weeks, 40% ± 10% (Pile A), 60% ± 10% (Pile B) and 80% ± 10% (Pile C) for 8 weeks. Moisture content of the control pile was lowered to a value of 40%± 10% during the last three weeks while other piles were maintained within the experimental moisture ranges for the eight weeks of composting cycle. According to the temperature profiles of the piles, pile B showed the best temperature level for microorganisms. Other physico-chemical parameters were not significantly different between piles. Therefore, moisture content of pile B (60% ± 10%) was selected as the optimum moisture range for the bio-oxidative phase in the composting process. Unskilled labourers can maintain that moisture level easily by performing the squeeze test for the moisture.","PeriodicalId":14393,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Waste Resources","volume":"6 1","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78180194","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-10-18DOI: 10.4172/2252-5211.1000306
Dessalew Berihun, Yonas Solomon
Paint industry is one of the industries that cause the water pollution by generating Wastewater primarily due to cleaning operations of mixers, reactors, blenders, packing machines and floors. The present research work deals with the study of some of the important physico-chemical and heavy metal parameters of paint industrial waste water effluents which was aimed at the analysis of the untreated effluents from six paint factories in Addis Ababa and the surrounding area. Analysis physico-chemical and heavy metal parameters of selected paint factories samples in Kadisco (KA), Zemilli (ZE), Rainbow (RA), Gastor solar (GA), Nifas silk (NI) and Modern building industry (MBI) were performed to investigate the concentration of status of the parameter. In this study, like; physico-chemical and heavy metal parameters pH, EC, TDS, TSS, COD, Cd, Cr, Pb, and Zn of the nine wastewater samples were analyzed using, Dana multi-meter, Jenway Model 4510 Conductivity/Temp Meter (451 001), Gravimetric, Volumetric, Colorimetric, flame emission photometry, and Atomic Absorption spectrometry (AAS)analyses methods. In the investigation some parameters were found to be above the limit set by ES and WHO. Values obtained for pH at KA, ZE,RA,GA, NI and MBI were 7.95, 8.34, 7.68, 10.95, 7.85 and 8.41; E.C:-55.1, 3.149, 675.9, 2.417, 549.6 and 3.169. TSS:-63, 205, 80, 55, 1980 and 418 mg/l and TDS:-501, 1, 2.849, 615.2, 2.207 and 2.883mg/l and COD:- 100, 340, 270, 140, 2190 and 2670 mg/l. On the other hand, results obtained from Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer analysis (AAS) showed the average metal levels as Cd2+, Cr Pb2 and Zn2+ were all sites above the permissible limit set by ES and WHO (detected mg/L).
涂料行业是造成水污染的行业之一，主要是由于搅拌器、反应器、搅拌器、包装机和地板的清洁操作而产生废水。本研究对亚的斯亚贝巴及周边地区6家油漆厂的未处理废水进行了理化和重金属参数分析。选取Kadisco (KA)、Zemilli (ZE)、Rainbow (RA)、Gastor solar (GA)、Nifas silk (NI)和Modern building industry (MBI)等地区的涂料工厂样品进行理化和重金属参数分析，了解这些参数的浓度状况。在这项研究中，比如;采用Dana万用表、Jenway 4510型电导率/温度计(451 001)、重量法、体积法、比色法、火焰发射光度法和原子吸收光谱(AAS)等分析方法，对9个废水样品的理化和重金属参数pH、EC、TDS、TSS、COD、Cd、Cr、Pb、Zn进行了分析。在调查中，发现一些参数超过了ES和WHO规定的限值。KA、ZE、RA、GA、NI和MBI的pH值分别为7.95、8.34、7.68、10.95、7.85和8.41;例如:-55.1,3.149,675.9,2.417,549.6和3.169。TSS:-63、205、80、55、1980和418 mg/l, TDS:-501、1、2.849、615.2、2.207和2.883mg/l, COD:- 100、340、270、140、2190和2670 mg/l。原子吸收分光光度法(AAS)分析结果显示，样品中Cd2+、Cr Pb2和Zn2+的平均含量均高于ES和WHO规定的允许限量(检测mg/L)。
{"title":"Assessment of the Physicochemical and Heavy Metal Concentration from Effluents of Paint Industry in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia","authors":"Dessalew Berihun, Yonas Solomon","doi":"10.4172/2252-5211.1000306","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2252-5211.1000306","url":null,"abstract":"Paint industry is one of the industries that cause the water pollution by generating Wastewater primarily due to cleaning operations of mixers, reactors, blenders, packing machines and floors. The present research work deals with the study of some of the important physico-chemical and heavy metal parameters of paint industrial waste water effluents which was aimed at the analysis of the untreated effluents from six paint factories in Addis Ababa and the surrounding area. Analysis physico-chemical and heavy metal parameters of selected paint factories samples in Kadisco (KA), Zemilli (ZE), Rainbow (RA), Gastor solar (GA), Nifas silk (NI) and Modern building industry (MBI) were performed to investigate the concentration of status of the parameter. In this study, like; physico-chemical and heavy metal parameters pH, EC, TDS, TSS, COD, Cd, Cr, Pb, and Zn of the nine wastewater samples were analyzed using, Dana multi-meter, Jenway Model 4510 Conductivity/Temp Meter (451 001), Gravimetric, Volumetric, Colorimetric, flame emission photometry, and Atomic Absorption spectrometry (AAS)analyses methods. In the investigation some parameters were found to be above the limit set by ES and WHO. Values obtained for pH at KA, ZE,RA,GA, NI and MBI were 7.95, 8.34, 7.68, 10.95, 7.85 and 8.41; E.C:-55.1, 3.149, 675.9, 2.417, 549.6 and 3.169. TSS:-63, 205, 80, 55, 1980 and 418 mg/l and TDS:-501, 1, 2.849, 615.2, 2.207 and 2.883mg/l and COD:- 100, 340, 270, 140, 2190 and 2670 mg/l. On the other hand, results obtained from Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer analysis (AAS) showed the average metal levels as Cd2+, Cr Pb2 and Zn2+ were all sites above the permissible limit set by ES and WHO (detected mg/L).","PeriodicalId":14393,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Waste Resources","volume":"2016 1","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86429717","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-10-16DOI: 10.4172/2252-5211.1000305
A. FathyElSaied, A. SaeydaAboElenan, H. FathiaElshinawy
Heavy metals pollution was considered as one of the most serious environmental problems. The removal of heavy metals ions (Pb2+ and Cu2+) from dilute aqueous solutions was investigated by using biomaterials like nano-sawdust particles as bio-sorbent. The nano-sawdust was prepared and identified by (SEM), (TEM) and (FTIR) spectroscopy. Results of SEM study showed that the surface of sawdust has many pores with nano size in rang of (40-51 nm). The TEM image suggests that the produced material consists of nano particles. The FTIR gave characteristic bands due to presence of OH, NH2 and C=O groups. The batch experiment indicates that the maximum bio-sorption ef?ciency for Pb2+ was 100% at optimum conditions of, pH 6, contact time 40 min and bio-sorbent dosage 2.0 g. However nano-sawdust gave removal ef?ciency 98.78% of Cu2+ under optimum conditions of, pH 7, contact time 50 min and bio-sorbent dosage 1.0 g. Kinetic studies indicated that the biosorption of Pb(II) and Cu(II) ions onto nono-sawdust was pseudo-second order.
{"title":"Removal of Lead and Copper Ions from Polluted Aqueous Solutions using Nano-Sawdust Particles","authors":"A. FathyElSaied, A. SaeydaAboElenan, H. FathiaElshinawy","doi":"10.4172/2252-5211.1000305","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2252-5211.1000305","url":null,"abstract":"Heavy metals pollution was considered as one of the most serious environmental problems. The removal of heavy metals ions (Pb2+ and Cu2+) from dilute aqueous solutions was investigated by using biomaterials like nano-sawdust particles as bio-sorbent. The nano-sawdust was prepared and identified by (SEM), (TEM) and (FTIR) spectroscopy. Results of SEM study showed that the surface of sawdust has many pores with nano size in rang of (40-51 nm). The TEM image suggests that the produced material consists of nano particles. The FTIR gave characteristic bands due to presence of OH, NH2 and C=O groups. The batch experiment indicates that the maximum bio-sorption ef?ciency for Pb2+ was 100% at optimum conditions of, pH 6, contact time 40 min and bio-sorbent dosage 2.0 g. However nano-sawdust gave removal ef?ciency 98.78% of Cu2+ under optimum conditions of, pH 7, contact time 50 min and bio-sorbent dosage 1.0 g. Kinetic studies indicated that the biosorption of Pb(II) and Cu(II) ions onto nono-sawdust was pseudo-second order.","PeriodicalId":14393,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Waste Resources","volume":"33 1","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85727497","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-10-02DOI: 10.4172/2252-5211.1000301
M. Moniruzzaman, Ma Rahman, S. Aktar, Mala Khan
Equilibrium and kinetic parameters of Cr(VI) adsorption on Hogla leaves (Typha elephantina Roxb.) were determined in a batch process. Batch adsorption experiments were carried out as a function of pH, adsorbent dosage and initial metal ion concentration. Maximum metal adsorption was found to occur at pH 2.0. The adsorption capacity of studied adsorbent was found to be 30.616 mg/g for initial Cr(VI) concentration of 400 ppm and optimum adsorbent dose of 10 g/L at 25°C. Compared to the Freundlich isotherm model, the Langmuir and Temkin model best fit the experimental data (R2>0.995). Batch adsorption models, based on the assumption of the pseudo firstorder and pseudo second order mechanism were applied to examine the kinetics of the adsorption. The results of this study demonstrated that the pseudo-second order model was more suitable than pseudo-first order model for adsorption of Cr(VI) by Hogla leaves. At 25°C, with a contact time of 360 minutes and agitation rate of 180 rpm, the potential of Cr(VI) removal by Hogla leaves from industrial effluent was also investigated at optimized condition of pH 2.0, initial metal ion concentration of 400 ppm and adsorbent dose of 10 g/L and removal efficiency was found to be 44.8%.
{"title":"Equilibrium and Kinetic Parameters Determination of Cr(VI) Adsorption by Hogla Leaves (Typha elephantina Roxb.)","authors":"M. Moniruzzaman, Ma Rahman, S. Aktar, Mala Khan","doi":"10.4172/2252-5211.1000301","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2252-5211.1000301","url":null,"abstract":"Equilibrium and kinetic parameters of Cr(VI) adsorption on Hogla leaves (Typha elephantina Roxb.) were determined in a batch process. Batch adsorption experiments were carried out as a function of pH, adsorbent dosage and initial metal ion concentration. Maximum metal adsorption was found to occur at pH 2.0. The adsorption capacity of studied adsorbent was found to be 30.616 mg/g for initial Cr(VI) concentration of 400 ppm and optimum adsorbent dose of 10 g/L at 25°C. Compared to the Freundlich isotherm model, the Langmuir and Temkin model best fit the experimental data (R2>0.995). Batch adsorption models, based on the assumption of the pseudo firstorder and pseudo second order mechanism were applied to examine the kinetics of the adsorption. The results of this study demonstrated that the pseudo-second order model was more suitable than pseudo-first order model for adsorption of Cr(VI) by Hogla leaves. At 25°C, with a contact time of 360 minutes and agitation rate of 180 rpm, the potential of Cr(VI) removal by Hogla leaves from industrial effluent was also investigated at optimized condition of pH 2.0, initial metal ion concentration of 400 ppm and adsorbent dose of 10 g/L and removal efficiency was found to be 44.8%.","PeriodicalId":14393,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Waste Resources","volume":"18 1","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83351953","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-09-21DOI: 10.4172/2252-5211.1000298
H. Asakura, K. Nakagawa
As asbestos-containing waste from building demolitions has to undergo special treatment prior to recycling or final disposal, the demolition of buildings and the sorting of waste materials are conducted after checking for asbestos content in the construction materials (according to ISO, EPA or JIS). However, as solid waste is usually a mixture, it is possible that asbestos-containing material (ACM) is present in construction and demolition waste (CDW) that is transported to an intermediate treatment facility for CDW. In addition, the presence of ACM in disaster waste cannot be avoided. Therefore, a rapid method for the determination of asbestos at an intermediate treatment facility for CDW is required. In this study, the separation efficiency and the sorting time of CDW particles by grouping by visual appearance (GVA) were determined. In the case that the separation efficiency by GVA in this study was equivalent to that by visual observation with a loupe (DVL) in a previous study, the reduction of sorting time by GVA was evaluated. Newton’s separation efficiency by GVA and recovery rate were equivalent to that by DVL for 5.1 cm2 observation. In this case, the sorting time by GVA was 1/7 of that by DVL. Therefore, sorting time could be shortened by GVA under the condition of equivalent separation efficiency. In order to reduce the sorting time per worker to less than 1 h/t, only CDWPs having particle size larger than 12 cm for GVA or 20 cm for DVL for 5.1 cm2 observation should be subjected to sorting. Aiming to avoid diffusion of asbestos-containing waste, the authors suggest that grouping by visual appearance as a primary sorting step is effective to reduce sorting time of CDW from disaster waste or unknown origin.
{"title":"Grouping by Visual Appearance of Construction and Demolition Waste for Sorting Time Reduction with the Aim of Removing Asbestos-Containing Materials","authors":"H. Asakura, K. Nakagawa","doi":"10.4172/2252-5211.1000298","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2252-5211.1000298","url":null,"abstract":"As asbestos-containing waste from building demolitions has to undergo special treatment prior to recycling or final disposal, the demolition of buildings and the sorting of waste materials are conducted after checking for asbestos content in the construction materials (according to ISO, EPA or JIS). However, as solid waste is usually a mixture, it is possible that asbestos-containing material (ACM) is present in construction and demolition waste (CDW) that is transported to an intermediate treatment facility for CDW. In addition, the presence of ACM in disaster waste cannot be avoided. Therefore, a rapid method for the determination of asbestos at an intermediate treatment facility for CDW is required. In this study, the separation efficiency and the sorting time of CDW particles by grouping by visual appearance (GVA) were determined. In the case that the separation efficiency by GVA in this study was equivalent to that by visual observation with a loupe (DVL) in a previous study, the reduction of sorting time by GVA was evaluated. Newton’s separation efficiency by GVA and recovery rate were equivalent to that by DVL for 5.1 cm2 observation. In this case, the sorting time by GVA was 1/7 of that by DVL. Therefore, sorting time could be shortened by GVA under the condition of equivalent separation efficiency. In order to reduce the sorting time per worker to less than 1 h/t, only CDWPs having particle size larger than 12 cm for GVA or 20 cm for DVL for 5.1 cm2 observation should be subjected to sorting. Aiming to avoid diffusion of asbestos-containing waste, the authors suggest that grouping by visual appearance as a primary sorting step is effective to reduce sorting time of CDW from disaster waste or unknown origin.","PeriodicalId":14393,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Waste Resources","volume":"93 1","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85883805","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-09-15DOI: 10.4172/2572-0805.1000300
Mohammad Matin Hanifzade, Zahra Nabati, O. Tavakoli, M. Sarrafzadeh
Microalgae are a good source of lipid and other valuable chemicals which have applications in biodiesel production and food industry. Waste management using microalgae has recently gained attention since microalgae can grow by utilizing nutrient from waste resources. Carbon is quantitatively most important nutrient for cultivation of microalgae and can be supplied from flue gas of industrial plants. In this regard, selection of a suitable species of microalgae which has capability to grow using concentrated CO2 from flue gas is an important consideration. In this study, the effect supplying two concentrations of CO2 (5% and 15% (v/v)) during cultivation of two microalgae strains were investigated (Chlorella vulgaris and Scenedesmus obliqus). The results showed maximum biomass concentration of 2.59 g/L under 5.0% and 1.41 g/L under 15.0% CO2 concentration for Chlorella vulgaris. However, the maximum biomass concentrations for Scenedesmus obliqus turned to be 30-60% lower. Also, the results indicated 40% and 130% higher maximum biomass productivity for Chlorella vulgaris under 5% and 15% CO2 relative to Scenedesmus obliqus. Similarly, the maximum carbon dioxide fixation was shown to be significantly higher for Chlorella vulgaris relative to Scenedesmus obliqus. Overall our results indicated that Chlorella vulgaris is the more appropriate species to be used for cultivation using flue gas of industrial plants.
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