Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.4172/2252-5211.1000343
Sarat Ganti
Given the importance of thermally thin materials in minimizing the fire accidents different properties of Nylon added with montmorillonite (MMT) clay of 5% (thermally thin) are examined in this paper. A simple first order reaction model is considered to minimize the number of unknown parameters. Different Kinetic, Physical, and thermodynamic properties are obtained from DSC and TGA data and are compared for both thermally thick and thin rubbers thereby, proving the importance of thermally thin Nylon.
{"title":"Predicting the Burning Rate of Thermally Thin Nylon Using TGA (Thermo Gravity Analysis) and DSC (Differential Scanning Calorimeter)","authors":"Sarat Ganti","doi":"10.4172/2252-5211.1000343","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2252-5211.1000343","url":null,"abstract":"Given the importance of thermally thin materials in minimizing the fire accidents different properties of Nylon added with montmorillonite (MMT) clay of 5% (thermally thin) are examined in this paper. A simple first order reaction model is considered to minimize the number of unknown parameters. Different Kinetic, Physical, and thermodynamic properties are obtained from DSC and TGA data and are compared for both thermally thick and thin rubbers thereby, proving the importance of thermally thin Nylon.","PeriodicalId":14393,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Waste Resources","volume":"420 1","pages":"1-3"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77232445","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.4172/2252-5211.1000341
Farasat Ali, Imran Khan, Waleed Asghar, Zhenmei Liao, S. Beghum, W. Douven, K. Khan
This study addresses legal status of strategic environmental assessment (SEA), practice of application and challenges in Pakistan. The source of data was based upon a review of the literature, as well as structured and semi structured interviews with selected experts and consultants of the various backgrounds of Pakistan. This study shows that Pakistan transposed SEA in their national and provincial Environmental Protection Acts except for Punjab province. However Pakistan conducted a few SEA studies including SEA studies of the Azad Jammu and Kashmir Hydropower Plans, Gilgit city master plan, Poverty and Social Assessment of Trade and Transport Sector Reforms in Pakistan and the Cumulative and Induced Impact Assessment study of the Upper Indus River Basin (UIRB) of Pakistan. The main challenges for SEA in Pakistan include: devolution environment from federal to provinces, less technical staff for SEA studies, weak knowledge, and training about SEA in the Environmental Protection Agencies, weak political priority for environmental, weak environmental screening and scoping process, lack of financial resources for primary data collection and SEA studies. Despite the fact that the SEA is implemented in rudimentary stages in Pakistan, few SEA studies conducted in Pakistan only for donor-funded policies, plans, and programmes.
{"title":"Legal Status of the Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA), Practice of Application and Challenges in Pakistan","authors":"Farasat Ali, Imran Khan, Waleed Asghar, Zhenmei Liao, S. Beghum, W. Douven, K. Khan","doi":"10.4172/2252-5211.1000341","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2252-5211.1000341","url":null,"abstract":"This study addresses legal status of strategic environmental assessment (SEA), practice of application and challenges in Pakistan. The source of data was based upon a review of the literature, as well as structured and semi structured interviews with selected experts and consultants of the various backgrounds of Pakistan. This study shows that Pakistan transposed SEA in their national and provincial Environmental Protection Acts except for Punjab province. However Pakistan conducted a few SEA studies including SEA studies of the Azad Jammu and Kashmir Hydropower Plans, Gilgit city master plan, Poverty and Social Assessment of Trade and Transport Sector Reforms in Pakistan and the Cumulative and Induced Impact Assessment study of the Upper Indus River Basin (UIRB) of Pakistan. The main challenges for SEA in Pakistan include: devolution environment from federal to provinces, less technical staff for SEA studies, weak knowledge, and training about SEA in the Environmental Protection Agencies, weak political priority for environmental, weak environmental screening and scoping process, lack of financial resources for primary data collection and SEA studies. Despite the fact that the SEA is implemented in rudimentary stages in Pakistan, few SEA studies conducted in Pakistan only for donor-funded policies, plans, and programmes.","PeriodicalId":14393,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Waste Resources","volume":"149 1","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86128292","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.4172/2252-5211.1000323
S. Jayaprakash, Lohit Hs, Abhilash Bs
Composting is the decomposition of organic waste by microorganisms under controlled conditions. Organic waste, which forms a significant part of municipal solid waste, has caused increasing environmental concerns. It is estimated that around 50 percent it can be composted. Instead, most of it is landfilled and incinerated. By composting organic waste, we can preserve resources and produce a valuable by-product that can be used as locally produced fertilizer. The existing compost bins have few challenges which are difficult to handle such as messy and smelly compost, time-consuming process (30-45 days), prone to insects and rodents and hard to clean. In addition, some of them release greenhouse gases. Cost issues are there with few automatic and high-end compost bins. This project aims at designing a compost bin for Indian household kitchen, which is easy to use, odor free, ergonomic in nature and visually appealing. Designed Compost bin consists of a separate chamber for compost starter, composting chamber consisting of a mixing blade (runs with help of a DC motor and rechargeable batteries), air filter setup and a compost collection tray. Rechargeable batteries used in the product makes it portable. The air filter contains pellets made out of Azadirachta Indica (neem) and Gomaya (Cow dung) which are used to keep away bad odor and acts as a disinfectant. Simple mechanism allows the user to maintain cleanliness. A video was made of the working of the compost bin for user feedback. Users appreciated the product for its colour, aesthetics, easy mechanism, odour free, easy handling, easy maintenance etc.
{"title":"Design and Development of Compost Bin for Indian Kitchen","authors":"S. Jayaprakash, Lohit Hs, Abhilash Bs","doi":"10.4172/2252-5211.1000323","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2252-5211.1000323","url":null,"abstract":"Composting is the decomposition of organic waste by microorganisms under controlled conditions. Organic waste, which forms a significant part of municipal solid waste, has caused increasing environmental concerns. It is estimated that around 50 percent it can be composted. Instead, most of it is landfilled and incinerated. By composting organic waste, we can preserve resources and produce a valuable by-product that can be used as locally produced fertilizer. The existing compost bins have few challenges which are difficult to handle such as messy and smelly compost, time-consuming process (30-45 days), prone to insects and rodents and hard to clean. In addition, some of them release greenhouse gases. Cost issues are there with few automatic and high-end compost bins. This project aims at designing a compost bin for Indian household kitchen, which is easy to use, odor free, ergonomic in nature and visually appealing. Designed Compost bin consists of a separate chamber for compost starter, composting chamber consisting of a mixing blade (runs with help of a DC motor and rechargeable batteries), air filter setup and a compost collection tray. Rechargeable batteries used in the product makes it portable. The air filter contains pellets made out of Azadirachta Indica (neem) and Gomaya (Cow dung) which are used to keep away bad odor and acts as a disinfectant. Simple mechanism allows the user to maintain cleanliness. A video was made of the working of the compost bin for user feedback. Users appreciated the product for its colour, aesthetics, easy mechanism, odour free, easy handling, easy maintenance etc.","PeriodicalId":14393,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Waste Resources","volume":"2014 1","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88017951","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.4172/2252-5211.1000358
M. Ghodrat, M. Rashidi, B. Samali
{"title":"Investigation into the Recovery of Valuable Metals from Waste Mobile Phone Printed Circuit Boards (PCBs): An Australian Case Study","authors":"M. Ghodrat, M. Rashidi, B. Samali","doi":"10.4172/2252-5211.1000358","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2252-5211.1000358","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14393,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Waste Resources","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84682526","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.4172/2252-5211.1000348
Prince Asante, E. Amoako, S. N. Denteh
{"title":"Assessment of Hospital Solid Waste Management in Tamale Metropolis: A Case Study of Tamale West and Central Hospitals","authors":"Prince Asante, E. Amoako, S. N. Denteh","doi":"10.4172/2252-5211.1000348","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2252-5211.1000348","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14393,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Waste Resources","volume":"34 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79844583","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.4172/2252-5211.1000324
Adane Sirage Ali
Solid waste challenge in developing countries, like Ethiopia, is aggravated by the malfunctioning of traditional waste management systems due to rapid development and the alarmingly increasing human population. Bule Hora Town, in Ethiopia, is among the most environmentally degraded environment due to the inappropriate traditional solid waste management system. Therefore, this study was intended to investigate the public awareness and concern to the ever worsening environmental pollution and why the traditional waste disposal systems can stay dominant in the town. Data were collected using door-to-door close-ended questionnaire by a simple random sampling technique. The findings showed that plastics and festal; fruits, chat leaves and vegetables; and metals and cans respectively made 48(+5)%, 18 (+2)% and 11 (+3)% of the solid waste pool. Variations in the awareness and concern to various environmental degradation among different age groups was clearly seen where people under the age of forty showed better understanding. Response findings showed that the dominant solid waste disposal system is open air burning (42%) followed by open field dumping (36%) showing that the current solid waste management systems is traditional and inappropriate. Moreover, 50% of the respondent above age 40 and 30% of the respondents below age 40 believe that open solid waste burning is a good and long stayed tradition; and it is also undeniable that 35% of the older people related burning of solid waste, particularly during the month of December, has a religion background, which actually is not.
{"title":"Misconceptions and Inappropriate Solid Waste Management in Small Towns of Ethiopia: Bule Hora Town, Oromia Region, Ethiopia","authors":"Adane Sirage Ali","doi":"10.4172/2252-5211.1000324","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2252-5211.1000324","url":null,"abstract":"Solid waste challenge in developing countries, like Ethiopia, is aggravated by the malfunctioning of traditional waste management systems due to rapid development and the alarmingly increasing human population. Bule Hora Town, in Ethiopia, is among the most environmentally degraded environment due to the inappropriate traditional solid waste management system. Therefore, this study was intended to investigate the public awareness and concern to the ever worsening environmental pollution and why the traditional waste disposal systems can stay dominant in the town. Data were collected using door-to-door close-ended questionnaire by a simple random sampling technique. The findings showed that plastics and festal; fruits, chat leaves and vegetables; and metals and cans respectively made 48(+5)%, 18 (+2)% and 11 (+3)% of the solid waste pool. Variations in the awareness and concern to various environmental degradation among different age groups was clearly seen where people under the age of forty showed better understanding. Response findings showed that the dominant solid waste disposal system is open air burning (42%) followed by open field dumping (36%) showing that the current solid waste management systems is traditional and inappropriate. Moreover, 50% of the respondent above age 40 and 30% of the respondents below age 40 believe that open solid waste burning is a good and long stayed tradition; and it is also undeniable that 35% of the older people related burning of solid waste, particularly during the month of December, has a religion background, which actually is not.","PeriodicalId":14393,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Waste Resources","volume":"136 1","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73473842","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.4172/2252-5211.1000356
Christopher Igibah Ehizemhen, Agashua Lucia, S. Abubakar
In municipal centers of developing nations, most households are served by means of on-site public health systems like septic tanks as well unsewered toilets, besides the faecal sludges gathered from these methods are usually discarded unprocessed into the city and peri-urban environment which posing great dangers to water resources and municipal health. Contrary to wastewater administration, the development schemes to handle faecal sludges that can adapt to the prevalent situations in unindustrialized nations, have long been deserted. The authors outline the existing situation and converse on certain novel issues of faecal sludges management like the Omni Processor, reinvented toilet, Solar-Powered Poop Blaster, Power of pee prototype; Self contain toilet and sewage system, Duke's Community Stand-alone waste facility and Nanomembrane toilet or waterless toilet. At the completion cusp, cities can think about substituting sewer systems with more ecologically friendly devices.
{"title":"Innovative Sludge Management Techniques for Developing Nations","authors":"Christopher Igibah Ehizemhen, Agashua Lucia, S. Abubakar","doi":"10.4172/2252-5211.1000356","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2252-5211.1000356","url":null,"abstract":"In municipal centers of developing nations, most households are served by means of on-site public health systems like septic tanks as well unsewered toilets, besides the faecal sludges gathered from these methods are usually discarded unprocessed into the city and peri-urban environment which posing great dangers to water resources and municipal health. Contrary to wastewater administration, the development schemes to handle faecal sludges that can adapt to the prevalent situations in unindustrialized nations, have long been deserted. The authors outline the existing situation and converse on certain novel issues of faecal sludges management like the Omni Processor, reinvented toilet, Solar-Powered Poop Blaster, Power of pee prototype; Self contain toilet and sewage system, Duke's Community Stand-alone waste facility and Nanomembrane toilet or waterless toilet. At the completion cusp, cities can think about substituting sewer systems with more ecologically friendly devices.","PeriodicalId":14393,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Waste Resources","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72819420","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.4172/2252-5211.1000319
Nongugwa Dt, Vincent Chidindu Asogwa
This study was on development of entrepreneurial skills manual in aloe vera production for training farmers in Benue State. Specific objectives for the study were to: identify the objectives for aloe vera production, determine the content of aloe vera production manual for achieving the objectives for farmers, determine the training methods required by trainers in teaching aloe vera production to farmers, identify the facilities required for training farmers in aloe vera production, determine the evaluation techniques for assessing farmers’ achievement of objectives of aloe vera production in Benue state. Five research questions were raised and answered; five hypotheses were formulated and tested at P ≤ 0.05 level of significance. The design for the study was survey research design. The population for the study was 201 made up of 59 lecturers from University of Agriculture Makurdi and 142 extension agents in Benue State. The entire population was involved by means of census. An instrument titled: Aloe Vera Entrepreneurial Skills Production Questionnaire (AESPQ) developed by the researchers from literature reviewed and their experience. Mean was used to answer the research questions, while t-test was used to test the null hypotheses at P ≤ 0.05 level of significance. The findings of the study revealed that: that 9 objectives of aloe vera production are required for training farmers in Benue State, 65 cluster items formed the content of aloe vera production manual for achieving the objectives for farmers in Benue State, eight methods required for training farmers in aloe vera production, 17 facilities for training farmers in aloe vera production and 6 techniques for assessing farmers achievement of the objectives for aloe vera production manual in Benue State. It was therefore recommended that Agricultural Extension agents should regularly organize seminars and workshops for training of farmers and retraining of graduates to improve their technical efficiency using this manual, researchers should use the manual emanating from this study as a reference material for further research among others.
{"title":"Development of Entrepreneurial Skill Manual on Aloe Vera Production for Training Farmers in Benue State","authors":"Nongugwa Dt, Vincent Chidindu Asogwa","doi":"10.4172/2252-5211.1000319","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2252-5211.1000319","url":null,"abstract":"This study was on development of entrepreneurial skills manual in aloe vera production for training farmers in Benue State. Specific objectives for the study were to: identify the objectives for aloe vera production, determine the content of aloe vera production manual for achieving the objectives for farmers, determine the training methods required by trainers in teaching aloe vera production to farmers, identify the facilities required for training farmers in aloe vera production, determine the evaluation techniques for assessing farmers’ achievement of objectives of aloe vera production in Benue state. Five research questions were raised and answered; five hypotheses were formulated and tested at P ≤ 0.05 level of significance. The design for the study was survey research design. The population for the study was 201 made up of 59 lecturers from University of Agriculture Makurdi and 142 extension agents in Benue State. The entire population was involved by means of census. An instrument titled: Aloe Vera Entrepreneurial Skills Production Questionnaire (AESPQ) developed by the researchers from literature reviewed and their experience. Mean was used to answer the research questions, while t-test was used to test the null hypotheses at P ≤ 0.05 level of significance. The findings of the study revealed that: that 9 objectives of aloe vera production are required for training farmers in Benue State, 65 cluster items formed the content of aloe vera production manual for achieving the objectives for farmers in Benue State, eight methods required for training farmers in aloe vera production, 17 facilities for training farmers in aloe vera production and 6 techniques for assessing farmers achievement of the objectives for aloe vera production manual in Benue State. It was therefore recommended that Agricultural Extension agents should regularly organize seminars and workshops for training of farmers and retraining of graduates to improve their technical efficiency using this manual, researchers should use the manual emanating from this study as a reference material for further research among others.","PeriodicalId":14393,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Waste Resources","volume":"25 1","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88368514","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.4172/2252-5211.1000354
S. K. Meles, Bezawork Afework Bogale
Waste disposal sites are predominantly used as feeding sites for generalist birds. The main objective of this study was to assess the diversity and abundance of birds from three waste disposal sites in and around Gubre sub city, Guraghe zone in 2017. Data were collected using point count techniques from 6:00−10:00 a.m. in the morning and 4:00−6:00 p.m. in the afternoon for three consecutive days each in three study sites. During this study, a total of 2566 birds belonging to 17 species, 7 Families and 6 Orders were recorded. From the 17 identified species of birds, 11 species each were from site I and III, while the remaining 7 species were recorded from site II. Among the seven identified families, Accipitridae was numerically the dominant family represented with 7 species, while Columbidae and Scopidae were the least dominant families represented with 1 species each. At species level, Hooded vulture (Necrosyrtes manachus) was the most abundant bird species. The total abundance of birds was significant (ANOVA result, p=0.00) difference among the three sites. In general, highest number of individual birds were counted in site I (1210) followed by site III (974) and site II (382). A significant difference in the abundance of birds between morning and afternoon was also observed (ttest, p=0.044). Greater numbers of birds were counted in morning in all study sites (range: 93 in site II and 651 in site I). Site I was found to be with relatively higher value of species diversity (H’=1.2) than Site III (H’=1.01) and Site II (H’=0.90). In the study area, waste collectors, domestic dogs, cats and vehicles were considered as threats for waste dependent birds. More studies are required to make a complete list of available bird species in the study area.
{"title":"Assessment of Bird Diversity and Abundance from Waste Disposal Sites in and Around Gubre Subcity, Wolkite Town, Southwestern Ethiopia","authors":"S. K. Meles, Bezawork Afework Bogale","doi":"10.4172/2252-5211.1000354","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2252-5211.1000354","url":null,"abstract":"Waste disposal sites are predominantly used as feeding sites for generalist birds. The main objective of this study was to assess the diversity and abundance of birds from three waste disposal sites in and around Gubre sub city, Guraghe zone in 2017. Data were collected using point count techniques from 6:00−10:00 a.m. in the morning and 4:00−6:00 p.m. in the afternoon for three consecutive days each in three study sites. During this study, a total of 2566 birds belonging to 17 species, 7 Families and 6 Orders were recorded. From the 17 identified species of birds, 11 species each were from site I and III, while the remaining 7 species were recorded from site II. Among the seven identified families, Accipitridae was numerically the dominant family represented with 7 species, while Columbidae and Scopidae were the least dominant families represented with 1 species each. At species level, Hooded vulture (Necrosyrtes manachus) was the most abundant bird species. The total abundance of birds was significant (ANOVA result, p=0.00) difference among the three sites. In general, highest number of individual birds were counted in site I (1210) followed by site III (974) and site II (382). A significant difference in the abundance of birds between morning and afternoon was also observed (ttest, p=0.044). Greater numbers of birds were counted in morning in all study sites (range: 93 in site II and 651 in site I). Site I was found to be with relatively higher value of species diversity (H’=1.2) than Site III (H’=1.01) and Site II (H’=0.90). In the study area, waste collectors, domestic dogs, cats and vehicles were considered as threats for waste dependent birds. More studies are required to make a complete list of available bird species in the study area.","PeriodicalId":14393,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Waste Resources","volume":"173 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85408855","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.4172/2252-5211.1000321
J. Fuller, Yang Guo
This current research effort will consider boiler conditions in 2016 within the United States. The analysis was based on data gathered from a voluntary survey completed by plant owners and operators. The survey responses included the following: (1) boiler fuel sources, (2) efficiency performance, (3) environmental performance, (4) operations and maintenance activities, and (5) boiler availability. The analysis also included future concerns with respect to daily boiler operation from the responding plant operators and management.
{"title":"Benchmarking Analysis on the Performance and Emissions of Combustion Boilers within the United States for Calendar Year 2016","authors":"J. Fuller, Yang Guo","doi":"10.4172/2252-5211.1000321","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2252-5211.1000321","url":null,"abstract":"This current research effort will consider boiler conditions in 2016 within the United States. The analysis was based on data gathered from a voluntary survey completed by plant owners and operators. The survey responses included the following: (1) boiler fuel sources, (2) efficiency performance, (3) environmental performance, (4) operations and maintenance activities, and (5) boiler availability. The analysis also included future concerns with respect to daily boiler operation from the responding plant operators and management.","PeriodicalId":14393,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Waste Resources","volume":"47 1","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81108072","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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