Pub Date : 2023-03-01DOI: 10.32402/dovkil2023.01.027
A. Prysyazhnyuk, I. Chernichenko, Z. Fedorenko
The purpose of the current study is to systematize the established causative factors of cancer based on the analysis of literary and scientific sources that highlight epidemiological findings about the influence of environmental factors on the incidence of malignant neoplasms. Research materials and methods: bibliosematic, bibliographic, hygienic, data from own research and materials from literary sources. The results. By systematizing the established causative factors of cancer based on the analysis of literary data and scientific observations in the historical aspect, the main epidemiological findings regarding the influence of environmental factors on the incidence of malignant neoplasms were determined. Special emphasis is placed on the problem of tobacco smoking. The criterion scale of the role of individual factors of the environment, production, natural and household factors to the social conditions of life in the development of cancer pathology is given. The role of epidemiological researches in the study of malignant neoplasms and the identification of causal factors is illustrated by the materials of observations of thyroid cancer in a number of regions of Ukraine 30 years after the accident at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant. Conclusion: Epidemiological research of malignant tumors is a promising scientific direction and, above all, in the process of studying the role of environmental pollution, climatic, geographical, professional and other factors of human life and needs wider use within Ukraine.
{"title":"A historical essay of the development of the epidemiology of malignant neoplasms: modern realities and prospects for development","authors":"A. Prysyazhnyuk, I. Chernichenko, Z. Fedorenko","doi":"10.32402/dovkil2023.01.027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32402/dovkil2023.01.027","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of the current study is to systematize the established causative factors of cancer based on the analysis of literary and scientific sources that highlight epidemiological findings about the influence of environmental factors on the incidence of malignant neoplasms. Research materials and methods: bibliosematic, bibliographic, hygienic, data from own research and materials from literary sources. The results. By systematizing the established causative factors of cancer based on the analysis of literary data and scientific observations in the historical aspect, the main epidemiological findings regarding the influence of environmental factors on the incidence of malignant neoplasms were determined. Special emphasis is placed on the problem of tobacco smoking. The criterion scale of the role of individual factors of the environment, production, natural and household factors to the social conditions of life in the development of cancer pathology is given. The role of epidemiological researches in the study of malignant neoplasms and the identification of causal factors is illustrated by the materials of observations of thyroid cancer in a number of regions of Ukraine 30 years after the accident at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant. Conclusion: Epidemiological research of malignant tumors is a promising scientific direction and, above all, in the process of studying the role of environmental pollution, climatic, geographical, professional and other factors of human life and needs wider use within Ukraine.","PeriodicalId":144023,"journal":{"name":"Environment & Health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134143366","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-01DOI: 10.32402/dovkil2023.01.075
Objective: To assess the results of monitoring radiation indicators of the state of the environment in the Zaporizhzhia region under the threat of a radiation accident at the Zaporizhzhia NPP in order to make decisions regarding the use of countermeasures. Materials and methods: As a result of the analysis of long-term observations, indicators of radioactivity in the event of a radiation accident were determined. More than 21,000 measurements of the gamma background of the territory were carried out in 13 settlements of the Zaporizhzhia region. The dosimetry method was used to measure the power of the equivalent dose. The radiometric method was used to study the total radioactivity of drinking water from the water supply network. 21 samples were taken. The study of the total beta activity of atmospheric precipitation and settling dust was carried out by the sedimentation method. A total of 34 samples were examined. Results: As a result of the conducted research, it was recorded that the radiation component in the territory of the region did not change – gamma background levels remained within the range of long-term observations of 10-12 μR•h-1. It was established that the total alpha and beta activity of drinking water meets the requirements of the current legislation. The results of the studies of atmospheric sediments and settled dust show that there is no increase in the total beta activity in the atmosphere compared to the average long-term indicator observed in the period before 1986.
{"title":"Radiation and hygienic monitoring in the area of Zaporizka NPP under conditions of threa of radiation danger","authors":"","doi":"10.32402/dovkil2023.01.075","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32402/dovkil2023.01.075","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To assess the results of monitoring radiation indicators of the state of the environment in the Zaporizhzhia region under the threat of a radiation accident at the Zaporizhzhia NPP in order to make decisions regarding the use of countermeasures. Materials and methods: As a result of the analysis of long-term observations, indicators of radioactivity in the event of a radiation accident were determined. More than 21,000 measurements of the gamma background of the territory were carried out in 13 settlements of the Zaporizhzhia region. The dosimetry method was used to measure the power of the equivalent dose. The radiometric method was used to study the total radioactivity of drinking water from the water supply network. 21 samples were taken. The study of the total beta activity of atmospheric precipitation and settling dust was carried out by the sedimentation method. A total of 34 samples were examined. Results: As a result of the conducted research, it was recorded that the radiation component in the territory of the region did not change – gamma background levels remained within the range of long-term observations of 10-12 μR•h-1. It was established that the total alpha and beta activity of drinking water meets the requirements of the current legislation. The results of the studies of atmospheric sediments and settled dust show that there is no increase in the total beta activity in the atmosphere compared to the average long-term indicator observed in the period before 1986.","PeriodicalId":144023,"journal":{"name":"Environment & Health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131130978","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-01DOI: 10.32402/dovkil2023.01.043
V. Prokopov, O. Lypovetska, T. Kulish, V. A. Kostiuk, L. P. Avramenko
he aim of work was to study the features of the formation and removal of toxic chlorites at the treatment facilities of the Dnieper water pipeline in Kyiv, where chlorine dioxide is used in water treatment technology, and the influence of priority natural and technological factors on these processes. Materials and methods: The studies were carried out in 2021-2022. at the Dnieper waterworks in Kyiv, where chlorine dioxide is used instead of chlorine in water treatment technology. We have analyzed data from water studies for the content of dioxide and chlorites, carried out at treatment facilities by the laboratory of the Dnieper water pipeline in order to establish the features of the formation and efficiency of chlorite removal in water treatment technology. Also, selective studies of chlorine dioxide and chlorites in the water supply were carried out by titrimetric and photometric methods, the results of which coincide with the data obtained on the water supply using the ion chromatography method. Main results: A positive hygienic assessment of the modern new technology for the preparation of drinking water from surface sources using chlorine dioxide instead of chlorine gas is given. It is shown that with high purifying and disinfecting effects of water treatment with chlorine dioxide, its by-products, in particular, toxic chlorites, are constantly formed in it, the levels of which are directly dependent on the doses of chlorine dioxide used, which vary according to the seasons of the year. In general, the primary dose of chlorine dioxide and chlorites in the water after the clean water tank (CWT) entering the water supply networks is reduced by 89,3-92,0% for chlorine dioxide, and by 76,2-85,6% for chlorites. At the same time, the concentration of chlorine dioxide in disinfected drinking water is always within the normal range - not less than 0,1 mg/dm3, and chlorites - most often exceeds the national hygienic standard (0,2 mg/dm3), but does not exceed the standard recommended by the WHO ( 0,7 mg/dm3). The highest concentrations of chlorites are formed in water in summer (on average 0,35 mg/dm3) in accordance with the increased doses of chlorine dioxide during this period (on average 2,51 mg/dm3), and the lowest in winter (on average 0,17 mg/dm3). Conclusions: The studies carried out at the Dnieper water pipeline, where chlorine dioxide was introduced into the traditional water treatment technology, made it possible to establish the following. The process of treating natural water with chlorine dioxide is accompanied by the formation of its by-products in water, mainly toxic chlorites, the levels of which depend on the doses of chlorine dioxide used and are the lowest in winter and summer. After coagulation treatment of the source water with aluminum sulfate and ferric chloride (ratio 10:4-5), settling and filtration, the levels of chlorites in drinking water (CWT) decrease intensively, but do not always reach regulatory values. In the summer
{"title":"Hazardous chlorites in drinking water: formation and removal when using chlorine dioxide in water preparation technology","authors":"V. Prokopov, O. Lypovetska, T. Kulish, V. A. Kostiuk, L. P. Avramenko","doi":"10.32402/dovkil2023.01.043","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32402/dovkil2023.01.043","url":null,"abstract":"he aim of work was to study the features of the formation and removal of toxic chlorites at the treatment facilities of the Dnieper water pipeline in Kyiv, where chlorine dioxide is used in water treatment technology, and the influence of priority natural and technological factors on these processes. Materials and methods: The studies were carried out in 2021-2022. at the Dnieper waterworks in Kyiv, where chlorine dioxide is used instead of chlorine in water treatment technology. We have analyzed data from water studies for the content of dioxide and chlorites, carried out at treatment facilities by the laboratory of the Dnieper water pipeline in order to establish the features of the formation and efficiency of chlorite removal in water treatment technology. Also, selective studies of chlorine dioxide and chlorites in the water supply were carried out by titrimetric and photometric methods, the results of which coincide with the data obtained on the water supply using the ion chromatography method. Main results: A positive hygienic assessment of the modern new technology for the preparation of drinking water from surface sources using chlorine dioxide instead of chlorine gas is given. It is shown that with high purifying and disinfecting effects of water treatment with chlorine dioxide, its by-products, in particular, toxic chlorites, are constantly formed in it, the levels of which are directly dependent on the doses of chlorine dioxide used, which vary according to the seasons of the year. In general, the primary dose of chlorine dioxide and chlorites in the water after the clean water tank (CWT) entering the water supply networks is reduced by 89,3-92,0% for chlorine dioxide, and by 76,2-85,6% for chlorites. At the same time, the concentration of chlorine dioxide in disinfected drinking water is always within the normal range - not less than 0,1 mg/dm3, and chlorites - most often exceeds the national hygienic standard (0,2 mg/dm3), but does not exceed the standard recommended by the WHO ( 0,7 mg/dm3). The highest concentrations of chlorites are formed in water in summer (on average 0,35 mg/dm3) in accordance with the increased doses of chlorine dioxide during this period (on average 2,51 mg/dm3), and the lowest in winter (on average 0,17 mg/dm3). Conclusions: The studies carried out at the Dnieper water pipeline, where chlorine dioxide was introduced into the traditional water treatment technology, made it possible to establish the following. The process of treating natural water with chlorine dioxide is accompanied by the formation of its by-products in water, mainly toxic chlorites, the levels of which depend on the doses of chlorine dioxide used and are the lowest in winter and summer. After coagulation treatment of the source water with aluminum sulfate and ferric chloride (ratio 10:4-5), settling and filtration, the levels of chlorites in drinking water (CWT) decrease intensively, but do not always reach regulatory values. In the summer ","PeriodicalId":144023,"journal":{"name":"Environment & Health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123313447","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-01DOI: 10.32402/dovkil2023.01.062
V. Stankevych, I.O. Tetenоva, H.A. Trakhtenherz
Objective: To determine the influence of landfills (by the example of landfill of municipal solid waste - MSW, located near the village of Kriukivshchyna, Kyiv oblast) on health and living conditions of the population in nearby villages. Materials and methods: The study was performed as per standardized procedures. Data analysis of morbidity of population according to statistical reporting was conducted in 3 localities. For the independent assessment of the health status of residents in areas adjacent to the dumping of solid waste a questionnaire was developed and a survey of the population (89 questionnaires) conducted. Results: Analysis of the data on the incidence in the population, residing in the settlements adjacent to the landfills, showed that a negative impact of the landfills on the environment significantly affected the living conditions of the population, including health parameters. It was found that the level of morbidity of the population with cardiovascular diseases, respiratory diseases, infectious diseases in villages adjacent to the sites of MSW removal, on average 1.5-2.0 times higher than the similar average regional indicators. At the same time, there is a tendency of increase of incidence rates by 1.4-2.3 times with decreasing distance from the settlement to the landfill from 960 m to 500 m. A sociological survey of the population according to the questionnaire developed by us (89 respondents) showed that the majority of the population assesses the state of the environment in their settlement and the surrounding area as unsatisfactory, linking it with the impact of the landfill, and also notes that functioning near landfill settlement has a negative impact on their health and living conditions.
{"title":"Study of the impact of landfill on the health and population living conditions, residing in the settlements adjacent to the landfills","authors":"V. Stankevych, I.O. Tetenоva, H.A. Trakhtenherz","doi":"10.32402/dovkil2023.01.062","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32402/dovkil2023.01.062","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To determine the influence of landfills (by the example of landfill of municipal solid waste - MSW, located near the village of Kriukivshchyna, Kyiv oblast) on health and living conditions of the population in nearby villages. Materials and methods: The study was performed as per standardized procedures. Data analysis of morbidity of population according to statistical reporting was conducted in 3 localities. For the independent assessment of the health status of residents in areas adjacent to the dumping of solid waste a questionnaire was developed and a survey of the population (89 questionnaires) conducted. Results: Analysis of the data on the incidence in the population, residing in the settlements adjacent to the landfills, showed that a negative impact of the landfills on the environment significantly affected the living conditions of the population, including health parameters. It was found that the level of morbidity of the population with cardiovascular diseases, respiratory diseases, infectious diseases in villages adjacent to the sites of MSW removal, on average 1.5-2.0 times higher than the similar average regional indicators. At the same time, there is a tendency of increase of incidence rates by 1.4-2.3 times with decreasing distance from the settlement to the landfill from 960 m to 500 m. A sociological survey of the population according to the questionnaire developed by us (89 respondents) showed that the majority of the population assesses the state of the environment in their settlement and the surrounding area as unsatisfactory, linking it with the impact of the landfill, and also notes that functioning near landfill settlement has a negative impact on their health and living conditions.","PeriodicalId":144023,"journal":{"name":"Environment & Health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128674992","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-01DOI: 10.32402/dovkil2023.01.051
V. Turkina, O. Tretiakova, B. Kuzminov, S. Zhuk
Lonzabac GA (active ingredient – cocopropylenediamineguanidine acetate) is used as basic component in manufacturing surface and medical instrument disinfectants. In Ukraine, disinfectants are subject to sanitary standardization and obtaining of marketing authorization. Given that the active ingredient Lonzabac GA is non-volatile, the question came up of detecting volatile compounds that can get into the air during its use, with subsequent establishment of a marker compound to be used to monitor the air quality. The objective of this paper was to study the toxicity of LONZABAC GA at laboratory animals with various routes of exposure as part of sanitary standardization and to justify the drug administration standard based on marker volatile compound. To this end the sanitary and chemical, toxicological, and statistical research methods were used. Results: Lonzabac GA classifies as hazard class 3 in terms of acute oral toxicity. It has no skin resorptive effect. Lonzabac GA has dermal and mucous membranes irritating action. Significant cumulative activity. It cause no body sensitization. Lonzabac GA, when used as disinfectant component, does not form drug aerosol, instead, an isopropyl alcohol migrates from the drug into the air. No LС50 was reached in acute ingestion experiment. The experimental animals showed no clinical signs of intoxication, changes in biochemical and hematological parameters during chronic inhalation study. Conclusions: Therefore, it is advisable to monitor air quality both during manufacture and use of Lonzabac GA based on concentration of marker compound – isopropyl alcohol.
{"title":"Lonzabac GA biocide standardization in air based on marker volatile compound","authors":"V. Turkina, O. Tretiakova, B. Kuzminov, S. Zhuk","doi":"10.32402/dovkil2023.01.051","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32402/dovkil2023.01.051","url":null,"abstract":"Lonzabac GA (active ingredient – cocopropylenediamineguanidine acetate) is used as basic component in manufacturing surface and medical instrument disinfectants. In Ukraine, disinfectants are subject to sanitary standardization and obtaining of marketing authorization. Given that the active ingredient Lonzabac GA is non-volatile, the question came up of detecting volatile compounds that can get into the air during its use, with subsequent establishment of a marker compound to be used to monitor the air quality. The objective of this paper was to study the toxicity of LONZABAC GA at laboratory animals with various routes of exposure as part of sanitary standardization and to justify the drug administration standard based on marker volatile compound. To this end the sanitary and chemical, toxicological, and statistical research methods were used. Results: Lonzabac GA classifies as hazard class 3 in terms of acute oral toxicity. It has no skin resorptive effect. Lonzabac GA has dermal and mucous membranes irritating action. Significant cumulative activity. It cause no body sensitization. Lonzabac GA, when used as disinfectant component, does not form drug aerosol, instead, an isopropyl alcohol migrates from the drug into the air. No LС50 was reached in acute ingestion experiment. The experimental animals showed no clinical signs of intoxication, changes in biochemical and hematological parameters during chronic inhalation study. Conclusions: Therefore, it is advisable to monitor air quality both during manufacture and use of Lonzabac GA based on concentration of marker compound – isopropyl alcohol.","PeriodicalId":144023,"journal":{"name":"Environment & Health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123653708","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-01DOI: 10.32402/dovkil2022.04.064
N. Ostanina, L. Hryhorenko, S. Stepanchuk, N. Ocheretianа, L. Tomashevska, N. Balenko
Objective: Study of the effect of a dietary supplement (DS), which includes a live active culture of Lactobacillus plantarum and policonazole, on lipid metabolism in rats. Results: The conducted tests revealed the dependence of changes in lipid metabolism in the body of experimental animals on the diet, intake of the studied DD or a well-known synthetic hypolipedemic drug (WSHD) and the timing of their use. Thus, enhanced nutrition of animals of all experimental groups for 45 days led to the development of obesity, as evidenced by an increase in the level of triglycerides, cholesterol, low density lipoproteins (LDL) and high density lipoproteins (HDL).The replacement of enhanced nutrition with the usual one and the simultaneous take them of DS or WSHD contributed to a significantly faster decrease in the levels of the studied parameters compared to those groups of animals that were only on the usual diet. Conclusions: It was found that the transfer of experimentally obeserats to a normal diet and the intake them of DS and/or WSHD contributed to a significant decreasein triglycerides and cholesterol, as well as the restoration of LDL and HDL levels to the values of intact animals. It was shown that the studied DS can activate metabolic processes in the body, in particular, lipid metabolism.
{"title":"Results of the study of the possible influence of a live active culture of lactobacillus plantarum on the indicators of lipid metabolism in laboratory rats","authors":"N. Ostanina, L. Hryhorenko, S. Stepanchuk, N. Ocheretianа, L. Tomashevska, N. Balenko","doi":"10.32402/dovkil2022.04.064","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32402/dovkil2022.04.064","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: Study of the effect of a dietary supplement (DS), which includes a live active culture of Lactobacillus plantarum and policonazole, on lipid metabolism in rats. Results: The conducted tests revealed the dependence of changes in lipid metabolism in the body of experimental animals on the diet, intake of the studied DD or a well-known synthetic hypolipedemic drug (WSHD) and the timing of their use. Thus, enhanced nutrition of animals of all experimental groups for 45 days led to the development of obesity, as evidenced by an increase in the level of triglycerides, cholesterol, low density lipoproteins (LDL) and high density lipoproteins (HDL).The replacement of enhanced nutrition with the usual one and the simultaneous take them of DS or WSHD contributed to a significantly faster decrease in the levels of the studied parameters compared to those groups of animals that were only on the usual diet. Conclusions: It was found that the transfer of experimentally obeserats to a normal diet and the intake them of DS and/or WSHD contributed to a significant decreasein triglycerides and cholesterol, as well as the restoration of LDL and HDL levels to the values of intact animals. It was shown that the studied DS can activate metabolic processes in the body, in particular, lipid metabolism.","PeriodicalId":144023,"journal":{"name":"Environment & Health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128281215","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-01DOI: 10.32402/dovkil2022.04.028
K.Ye. Prykashсhykova, Z. Yaroshenko, O. Kapustynska, G. V. Kostiuk, V. M. Polianska, V. Sirovenko, O. Olepir, V. Lukianiuk, V.I. Shevelova
Objective: Epidemiological assessment of the risks of developing non-neoplastic diseases of the digestive organs in evacuees from the 30-kilometer zone of the Chornobyl nuclear power plant in 1992–2016, analysis of the impact of ionizing radiation in small doses. Materials and methods: Epidemiological studies were conducted in a cohort of 4501 adults evacuated from the 30-kilometer zone of the Chornobyl nuclear power plant, with the presence of reconstructed effective doses of external ionizing radiation in the range of 0.001 Sv ÷ 0.38 Sv. The total cohort of subjects was stratified into 2192 individuals with exposed doses in the range of 0.001 Sv ÷ 0.05 Sv (IG) (internal control) and 2.309 individuals with exposed doses in the range of 0.051 Sv ÷ 0.38 Sv (EG). Epidemiological indicators used are absolute risk (AR), relative risk (RR) with 95% (±CI) confidence intervals (changes in risk values at the level of significance (p<0.05), attributive risk (ATR). Calculations were made by the number of people-years at risk during the years of observation (diseases detected for the first time per 103 person-years) The effect (of diseases) per unit value of the factor (1 Sv) (dose-effect) was determined by the excesses of the relative risk (ERR, 95% CI) with a confidence interval and the attributive risk (ATR, %) with the percentage of exceeding the absolute risk in the studied EG compared to IG. Research results. As a result of epidemiological studies, the role of small doses of ionizing radiation in the formation of digestive tract pathology in adults which were evacuated from the 30-kilometer zone of the Chernobyl nuclear power plant during the post-accident period was revealed. A significant excess of absolute, attributive and relative risk indicators was determined in patients which were exposed to effective doses in the range of ˂ 0.051 Sv ÷ 0.38 Sv. The highest absolute risk indicators were found in the groups «Diseases of the oral cavity, salivary glands and jaws» (K00-K14) and «diseases of the esophagus, stomach and duodenum» (K20-K31). Conclusions. Small doses of ionizing radiation have a special effect on the nature and intensity of the development of digestive organs’ pathologies in people, which were evacuated from the 30-kilometer zone of the Chоrnobyl nuclear power plant. However, in order to estimate the share of this pathology’s contribution to the overall morbidity, it is necessary to conduct additional studies.
{"title":"The effects of small doses of ionizing radiation in the development of the incidence of diseases of the digestive organs in persons evacuated from the 30-kilometer zone of the Chornobyl NPP during 1992-2016. Epidemiological observation","authors":"K.Ye. Prykashсhykova, Z. Yaroshenko, O. Kapustynska, G. V. Kostiuk, V. M. Polianska, V. Sirovenko, O. Olepir, V. Lukianiuk, V.I. Shevelova","doi":"10.32402/dovkil2022.04.028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32402/dovkil2022.04.028","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: Epidemiological assessment of the risks of developing non-neoplastic diseases of the digestive organs in evacuees from the 30-kilometer zone of the Chornobyl nuclear power plant in 1992–2016, analysis of the impact of ionizing radiation in small doses. Materials and methods: Epidemiological studies were conducted in a cohort of 4501 adults evacuated from the 30-kilometer zone of the Chornobyl nuclear power plant, with the presence of reconstructed effective doses of external ionizing radiation in the range of 0.001 Sv ÷ 0.38 Sv. The total cohort of subjects was stratified into 2192 individuals with exposed doses in the range of 0.001 Sv ÷ 0.05 Sv (IG) (internal control) and 2.309 individuals with exposed doses in the range of 0.051 Sv ÷ 0.38 Sv (EG). Epidemiological indicators used are absolute risk (AR), relative risk (RR) with 95% (±CI) confidence intervals (changes in risk values at the level of significance (p<0.05), attributive risk (ATR). Calculations were made by the number of people-years at risk during the years of observation (diseases detected for the first time per 103 person-years) The effect (of diseases) per unit value of the factor (1 Sv) (dose-effect) was determined by the excesses of the relative risk (ERR, 95% CI) with a confidence interval and the attributive risk (ATR, %) with the percentage of exceeding the absolute risk in the studied EG compared to IG. Research results. As a result of epidemiological studies, the role of small doses of ionizing radiation in the formation of digestive tract pathology in adults which were evacuated from the 30-kilometer zone of the Chernobyl nuclear power plant during the post-accident period was revealed. A significant excess of absolute, attributive and relative risk indicators was determined in patients which were exposed to effective doses in the range of ˂ 0.051 Sv ÷ 0.38 Sv. The highest absolute risk indicators were found in the groups «Diseases of the oral cavity, salivary glands and jaws» (K00-K14) and «diseases of the esophagus, stomach and duodenum» (K20-K31). Conclusions. Small doses of ionizing radiation have a special effect on the nature and intensity of the development of digestive organs’ pathologies in people, which were evacuated from the 30-kilometer zone of the Chоrnobyl nuclear power plant. However, in order to estimate the share of this pathology’s contribution to the overall morbidity, it is necessary to conduct additional studies.","PeriodicalId":144023,"journal":{"name":"Environment & Health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124965430","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-01DOI: 10.32402/dovkil2022.04.071
Ya.Yu. Nikolaieva, M. Levin
Objective: to develop a specific, highly sensitive method for determining the concentration of sodium diclofenac in atmospheric air, taking into account the peculiarities of microconcentrations of the active substance. Materials and methods: Air sampling was carried out using a TYPHOON-S4 electric aspirator for 30 minutes at a speed of 20 l/min. The test to determine the concentration of sodium diclofenac in air was carried out by concentrating the analytical sample (aerosol of sodium diclofenac in water) by the method of solid-phase extraction, using Oasis MCX 6cc (150 mg) LP Extraction Cartridges, after which desorption was carried out with solvent - methanol. The obtained samples were analyzed by the method of high-performance liquid chromatography using a Dionex Ultimate 3000 chromatograph with a diode-matrix detector. The sensitivity of the method reaches ng/ml. It is shown that the concentration of the substance determined in the air is within (2-200 μg/m3). The results: As part of the work, a specific, highly sensitive method for determining the concentration of sodium diclofenac in the air was developed and testing was carried out by determining the concentration of sodium diclofenac in the air of the working area of the pharmaceutical enterprise «Lubnifarm» during certain analytical operations (pouring, weighing the substance, crushing tablets containing the active pharmaceutical ingredient under analysis, homogenization). The linear dependence of the diclofenac sodium peak area on the concentration of the substance in the solution (0.025-10 μg/ml) has been proven. The analysis showed that the volatile microparticles of the diclofenac sodium substance are exposed to air deposition, and as a result, a certain amount of this API penetrates into the analyzed samples of other drugs nearby. This fact can lead to obtaining unreliable results during the control of the quality and safety of medicinal products, which can have negative consequences for preserving the health of the population when using medicinal products of inadequate quality. Conclusions: Based on the results of the research, it was established that the developed technique is highly sensitive and will allow determination of nano- and micro-concentrations of sodium diclofenac in atmospheric air.
{"title":"Development of a specific highly sensitive method for the determination of diclofenac sodium in atmospheric air taking into account the characteristics of microconcentrations of the active substance","authors":"Ya.Yu. Nikolaieva, M. Levin","doi":"10.32402/dovkil2022.04.071","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32402/dovkil2022.04.071","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: to develop a specific, highly sensitive method for determining the concentration of sodium diclofenac in atmospheric air, taking into account the peculiarities of microconcentrations of the active substance. Materials and methods: Air sampling was carried out using a TYPHOON-S4 electric aspirator for 30 minutes at a speed of 20 l/min. The test to determine the concentration of sodium diclofenac in air was carried out by concentrating the analytical sample (aerosol of sodium diclofenac in water) by the method of solid-phase extraction, using Oasis MCX 6cc (150 mg) LP Extraction Cartridges, after which desorption was carried out with solvent - methanol. The obtained samples were analyzed by the method of high-performance liquid chromatography using a Dionex Ultimate 3000 chromatograph with a diode-matrix detector. The sensitivity of the method reaches ng/ml. It is shown that the concentration of the substance determined in the air is within (2-200 μg/m3). The results: As part of the work, a specific, highly sensitive method for determining the concentration of sodium diclofenac in the air was developed and testing was carried out by determining the concentration of sodium diclofenac in the air of the working area of the pharmaceutical enterprise «Lubnifarm» during certain analytical operations (pouring, weighing the substance, crushing tablets containing the active pharmaceutical ingredient under analysis, homogenization). The linear dependence of the diclofenac sodium peak area on the concentration of the substance in the solution (0.025-10 μg/ml) has been proven. The analysis showed that the volatile microparticles of the diclofenac sodium substance are exposed to air deposition, and as a result, a certain amount of this API penetrates into the analyzed samples of other drugs nearby. This fact can lead to obtaining unreliable results during the control of the quality and safety of medicinal products, which can have negative consequences for preserving the health of the population when using medicinal products of inadequate quality. Conclusions: Based on the results of the research, it was established that the developed technique is highly sensitive and will allow determination of nano- and micro-concentrations of sodium diclofenac in atmospheric air.","PeriodicalId":144023,"journal":{"name":"Environment & Health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116786792","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-01DOI: 10.32402/dovkil2022.04.014
I.V. Hushchuk, V.A. Smiianov, I.M. Kyrychuk
The purpose of this work is to analyze the current state and develop basic proposals for the further development of the draft National Plan for the Development of Human Resources for the Public Health System in the intersectoral and intersectoral direction – «Health care in all government policies» based on an assessment of the best practices of foreign and domestic experience. Materials and methods: The research material was the documents of international and domestic professional organizations, publications on international experience in training personnel on the fundamental principles of preventive public health. We used data from our preliminary research on the assessment of basic health systems and analyzed scientific data on current public health issues. To solve the tasks set in the work, a set of methods was used: historical, analytical, comparative, systematic approach. Results: Emerging threats and emergencies in the field of public health in recent years included the COVID-19 pandemic has shown the failure of global health systems to effectively deal with such challenges. For the development of new effective health care systems, it is necessary to change the paradigm and policies in personnel training using advanced and effective practices of international and domestic schools of preventive medicine, incl. on the example of organizing the experience of the State Sanitary and Epidemiological Service of Ukraine to control the safe environment of human life and counteract biological threats. Conclusions: It is advisable to identify those domestic developments in the training of personnel for the field of public health that have no corresponding analogues at the international level and initiate expansion of cooperation with relevant European associations, for example, the Association of Schools of Public Health in the European Region (ASPHER), the Public Health Accreditation Agency (APHEA); the European Public Health Association (EUPHA); EuroHealthNet; European Public Health Alliance (EPHA); European Health Management Association (EHMA).
{"title":"Training of personnel for the domestic public health system: challenges and prospects","authors":"I.V. Hushchuk, V.A. Smiianov, I.M. Kyrychuk","doi":"10.32402/dovkil2022.04.014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32402/dovkil2022.04.014","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this work is to analyze the current state and develop basic proposals for the further development of the draft National Plan for the Development of Human Resources for the Public Health System in the intersectoral and intersectoral direction – «Health care in all government policies» based on an assessment of the best practices of foreign and domestic experience. Materials and methods: The research material was the documents of international and domestic professional organizations, publications on international experience in training personnel on the fundamental principles of preventive public health. We used data from our preliminary research on the assessment of basic health systems and analyzed scientific data on current public health issues. To solve the tasks set in the work, a set of methods was used: historical, analytical, comparative, systematic approach. Results: Emerging threats and emergencies in the field of public health in recent years included the COVID-19 pandemic has shown the failure of global health systems to effectively deal with such challenges. For the development of new effective health care systems, it is necessary to change the paradigm and policies in personnel training using advanced and effective practices of international and domestic schools of preventive medicine, incl. on the example of organizing the experience of the State Sanitary and Epidemiological Service of Ukraine to control the safe environment of human life and counteract biological threats. Conclusions: It is advisable to identify those domestic developments in the training of personnel for the field of public health that have no corresponding analogues at the international level and initiate expansion of cooperation with relevant European associations, for example, the Association of Schools of Public Health in the European Region (ASPHER), the Public Health Accreditation Agency (APHEA); the European Public Health Association (EUPHA); EuroHealthNet; European Public Health Alliance (EPHA); European Health Management Association (EHMA).","PeriodicalId":144023,"journal":{"name":"Environment & Health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125069784","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-01DOI: 10.32402/dovkil2022.04.052
O. Surmasheva, O. Chernysh, V. Zadorozhna, M. Antomonov, K.M. Rakhmatullina
Objective: to determine the impact of mycomycete contamination of air in residential and public buildings on human health. Materials and methods of research: Microbiological and mycological analysis of indoor air was studied by conventional methods. A questionnaire was developed and a survey of residents of the surveyed housing was conducted. Statistical processing of the obtained results, reliability of the obtained data, calculations were performed with using the STATISTICA 8 program and Microsoft Excel program. Results: As a result of field studies of houses’ residential premises of different construction periods and a questionnaire survey of residents, the features of microbiological contamination of the air environment were established. It is shown that in houses commissioned more than twenty years before, air pollution by spores of microscopic fungi was almost twice as high as in the buildings’ air of later development. At the same time, the role of maintenance’s state of the living space, that is, the economic behavior of the residents themselves, was also revealed. Based on the questionnaire, informational characteristics of the relationship between the health status of residential premises residents and objective indicators of the microclimate on the basis of biodamages were developed. The reliability of the obtained data is p<0.001. It has been proven that in the presence of constantly high humidity, leaks and flooding, infection with mold fungi indoors can be overwhelming even with regular ventilation and the use of antiseptics. Conclusions: 1. It has been established that air contamination of living quarters with mold fungi depends on the state of maintenance of the living quarters. 2. The number of mold fungi is affected by the presence of leaks and flooding, the visible growth of mold fungi on the surfaces of the room. 3. A direct correlation of the relationship between the health status of residents and indicators of the microclimate of residential premises was revealed on the basis of the developed questionnaires with informational characteristics.
{"title":"Impact of indoor air polluti on by microscopic fungi on population health","authors":"O. Surmasheva, O. Chernysh, V. Zadorozhna, M. Antomonov, K.M. Rakhmatullina","doi":"10.32402/dovkil2022.04.052","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32402/dovkil2022.04.052","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: to determine the impact of mycomycete contamination of air in residential and public buildings on human health. Materials and methods of research: Microbiological and mycological analysis of indoor air was studied by conventional methods. A questionnaire was developed and a survey of residents of the surveyed housing was conducted. Statistical processing of the obtained results, reliability of the obtained data, calculations were performed with using the STATISTICA 8 program and Microsoft Excel program. Results: As a result of field studies of houses’ residential premises of different construction periods and a questionnaire survey of residents, the features of microbiological contamination of the air environment were established. It is shown that in houses commissioned more than twenty years before, air pollution by spores of microscopic fungi was almost twice as high as in the buildings’ air of later development. At the same time, the role of maintenance’s state of the living space, that is, the economic behavior of the residents themselves, was also revealed. Based on the questionnaire, informational characteristics of the relationship between the health status of residential premises residents and objective indicators of the microclimate on the basis of biodamages were developed. The reliability of the obtained data is p<0.001. It has been proven that in the presence of constantly high humidity, leaks and flooding, infection with mold fungi indoors can be overwhelming even with regular ventilation and the use of antiseptics. Conclusions: 1. It has been established that air contamination of living quarters with mold fungi depends on the state of maintenance of the living quarters. 2. The number of mold fungi is affected by the presence of leaks and flooding, the visible growth of mold fungi on the surfaces of the room. 3. A direct correlation of the relationship between the health status of residents and indicators of the microclimate of residential premises was revealed on the basis of the developed questionnaires with informational characteristics.","PeriodicalId":144023,"journal":{"name":"Environment & Health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131001955","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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