Pub Date : 2023-09-21DOI: 10.30880/ijscet.2023.14.03.035
David Yeoh, Violet Leng, Norwati Jamaluddin, Koh Heng Boon, Seyed Jamalaldin, Ali Tighnavard, Nor Hayati Abd Ghafar
Prestressing technology and its application is common in concrete design and construction particularly in Malaysia and most parts of the world. However, prestress strengthening in timber is rare and not widely applied especially in Malaysia. Application of prestressing in timber has the potential to allow the use of longer span with reduced cross-sectional size and simultaneously exhibiting some level of ductility through the prestressing rod since timber material is susceptible to brittle tensile failure. This paper highlights exploratory research into the extent of bending performance enhancement in Malaysian Kempas species timber beam strengthened by way of passive prestressing. The research was conducted to investigate the change in bending strength and moment capacity of timber beam with passive prestressing rods installed at different lever arm positions, and the enhancement of moment capacity of timber beam with and without passive prestressing. Five Kempas timber specimen configurations with size of 40 mm (b) × 90 mm (d) × 900 mm (l) were prepared for four-point bending tests, and their bending behaviours were evaluated. The timber beam with passive prestressing steel rods applied at tension side bottom fibre of timber beam exhibited the greatest enhancement in bending performance and stiffness. The improvement of bending performance ranges from 1.1 to 1.5 times greater compared to the timber beam without prestressing steel rods. The improvement of stiffness in prestressed timber beam is up to 11% at service limit state and a reduced rate of stiffness degradation is prominent.
预应力技术及其应用在混凝土设计和施工中很常见，特别是在马来西亚和世界大部分地区。然而，预应力加固木材是罕见的，并没有广泛应用，特别是在马来西亚。在木材中应用预应力有可能允许使用更大的跨度，减少横截面尺寸，同时通过预应力棒显示出一定程度的延展性，因为木材材料容易受到脆性拉伸破坏的影响。本文重点对被动预应力加固马来西亚肯帕斯木梁的抗弯性能提高程度进行了探索性研究。研究了在不同杆臂位置安装被动预应力杆对木梁抗弯强度和弯矩承载力的影响，以及有无被动预应力对木梁弯矩承载力的提高。制备了尺寸为40 mm (b) × 90 mm (d) × 900 mm (l)的5种Kempas木材试件进行四点弯曲试验，并对其弯曲性能进行了评价。在木梁受拉侧底纤维处施加被动预应力钢棒的木梁，其抗弯性能和刚度得到了最大的提高。与无预应力钢杆的木梁相比，抗弯性能的改善幅度为1.1 ~ 1.5倍。在使用极限状态下，预应力木梁的刚度提高幅度可达11%，刚度退化率显著降低。
{"title":"Bending Performance of Timber Beam Strengthened with Passive Prestressing","authors":"David Yeoh, Violet Leng, Norwati Jamaluddin, Koh Heng Boon, Seyed Jamalaldin, Ali Tighnavard, Nor Hayati Abd Ghafar","doi":"10.30880/ijscet.2023.14.03.035","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30880/ijscet.2023.14.03.035","url":null,"abstract":"Prestressing technology and its application is common in concrete design and construction particularly in Malaysia and most parts of the world. However, prestress strengthening in timber is rare and not widely applied especially in Malaysia. Application of prestressing in timber has the potential to allow the use of longer span with reduced cross-sectional size and simultaneously exhibiting some level of ductility through the prestressing rod since timber material is susceptible to brittle tensile failure. This paper highlights exploratory research into the extent of bending performance enhancement in Malaysian Kempas species timber beam strengthened by way of passive prestressing. The research was conducted to investigate the change in bending strength and moment capacity of timber beam with passive prestressing rods installed at different lever arm positions, and the enhancement of moment capacity of timber beam with and without passive prestressing. Five Kempas timber specimen configurations with size of 40 mm (b) × 90 mm (d) × 900 mm (l) were prepared for four-point bending tests, and their bending behaviours were evaluated. The timber beam with passive prestressing steel rods applied at tension side bottom fibre of timber beam exhibited the greatest enhancement in bending performance and stiffness. The improvement of bending performance ranges from 1.1 to 1.5 times greater compared to the timber beam without prestressing steel rods. The improvement of stiffness in prestressed timber beam is up to 11% at service limit state and a reduced rate of stiffness degradation is prominent.","PeriodicalId":14418,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sustainable Construction Engineering and Technology","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136240364","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-21DOI: 10.30880/ijscet.2023.14.03.006
M M H, Meor Hussein, Raha Abd Rahman, Nur Amylia Izrin Mohd Saim, Megat Zuhairy Megat Tajuddin, Jezan Md Diah
To develop a successful strategy for improving road safety, the initial step involves is to identify the black spots that are more susceptible to high-risk traffic accidents. However, due to the high cost of implementing safety measures in these locations, only a limited number of spots/sites can be thoroughly examined with the available funding. Therefore, it is crucial to prioritize the high-risk sites and their corresponding safety measures in order to make the most efficient use of the available finances. Hence, this paper presents black spots ranking and low-cost countermeasures based on the Perak Federal trunk road traffic crash (RTC) data for three years from 2018 to 2020 recorded by the Royal Malaysian Police (RMP). The weightage point method was used for each black spot ranking exercise where as, the selection for countermeasures were based on RTC situations which are norms practiced by the Public Works Department (PWD). In total 22 black spots were ranked and it was found that the highest rank of the 2020 black spots in Perak was along route FT005 in Kinta district which had 18 RTCs and with a total weightage points (TWP) of 118.2. In balancing between limited financial allocation and improving road safety, the countermeasures were priorotized for implementation in 2021 based on the black spots ranking results. However, only six black spots were treated in 2021 with the entire cost was RM 1,834,027.19. Where for route FT005 in Kinta district, the countermeasure was done at Section 684 with a total cost of RM350,000 under the 2022 black spots countermeasure program which is an annual program funded by the Ministry of Works Malaysia. It is recommended that Perak State PWD form a Road Safety Unit to reduce the black spots along the state roads which is the second highest road fatalities recorded in Perak.
{"title":"Assessing Road Accident Black Spots and Countermeasures in the State of Perak, Malaysia","authors":"M M H, Meor Hussein, Raha Abd Rahman, Nur Amylia Izrin Mohd Saim, Megat Zuhairy Megat Tajuddin, Jezan Md Diah","doi":"10.30880/ijscet.2023.14.03.006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30880/ijscet.2023.14.03.006","url":null,"abstract":"To develop a successful strategy for improving road safety, the initial step involves is to identify the black spots that are more susceptible to high-risk traffic accidents. However, due to the high cost of implementing safety measures in these locations, only a limited number of spots/sites can be thoroughly examined with the available funding. Therefore, it is crucial to prioritize the high-risk sites and their corresponding safety measures in order to make the most efficient use of the available finances. Hence, this paper presents black spots ranking and low-cost countermeasures based on the Perak Federal trunk road traffic crash (RTC) data for three years from 2018 to 2020 recorded by the Royal Malaysian Police (RMP). The weightage point method was used for each black spot ranking exercise where as, the selection for countermeasures were based on RTC situations which are norms practiced by the Public Works Department (PWD). In total 22 black spots were ranked and it was found that the highest rank of the 2020 black spots in Perak was along route FT005 in Kinta district which had 18 RTCs and with a total weightage points (TWP) of 118.2. In balancing between limited financial allocation and improving road safety, the countermeasures were priorotized for implementation in 2021 based on the black spots ranking results. However, only six black spots were treated in 2021 with the entire cost was RM 1,834,027.19. Where for route FT005 in Kinta district, the countermeasure was done at Section 684 with a total cost of RM350,000 under the 2022 black spots countermeasure program which is an annual program funded by the Ministry of Works Malaysia. It is recommended that Perak State PWD form a Road Safety Unit to reduce the black spots along the state roads which is the second highest road fatalities recorded in Perak.","PeriodicalId":14418,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sustainable Construction Engineering and Technology","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136240369","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-21DOI: 10.30880/ijscet.2023.14.03.005
Mohd Khairy Burhanudin, Mohd Haziman Wan Ibrahim, Ramadhansyah Putra Jaya, B. Sri Umniati
The physical and chemical composition of Ground Coal Bottom Ash (GCBA) exposed to varying grinding periods is discussed in this article. CBA was pulverised for 20 hours, 30 hours, and 40 hours in a ball mill machine. Particle Size Analyzer (PSA) and X-ray Fluorescence (XRF) instrument were used to characterise GCBA. According to the results of the tests, GCBA with a grinding duration of 40 hours generates the largest percentage of the finest particle (50-1000 nm) at 4%, the specific surface area is 13528.18 cm2/cm3, and the specific gravity (SG) is 2.54. According to the XRF results, there are no significant variations in the chemical compositions of the CBA with varying grinding periods. At 20, 30, and 40 hours grinding time, the primary oxide element for SiO2 is 51.5%, 53.8%, and 52.3%, while Al2O3 is 14.3%, 15.1%, and 14.6%, and Fe2O3 is 5.08%, 5.27%, and 5.07% respectively. The sum of three primary oxide constituents surpasses the 70% ASTM C618 limit for pozzolanic material Class F fly ash.
{"title":"Characterisation of Ground Coal Bottom Ash With Different Grinding Times","authors":"Mohd Khairy Burhanudin, Mohd Haziman Wan Ibrahim, Ramadhansyah Putra Jaya, B. Sri Umniati","doi":"10.30880/ijscet.2023.14.03.005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30880/ijscet.2023.14.03.005","url":null,"abstract":"The physical and chemical composition of Ground Coal Bottom Ash (GCBA) exposed to varying grinding periods is discussed in this article. CBA was pulverised for 20 hours, 30 hours, and 40 hours in a ball mill machine. Particle Size Analyzer (PSA) and X-ray Fluorescence (XRF) instrument were used to characterise GCBA. According to the results of the tests, GCBA with a grinding duration of 40 hours generates the largest percentage of the finest particle (50-1000 nm) at 4%, the specific surface area is 13528.18 cm2/cm3, and the specific gravity (SG) is 2.54. According to the XRF results, there are no significant variations in the chemical compositions of the CBA with varying grinding periods. At 20, 30, and 40 hours grinding time, the primary oxide element for SiO2 is 51.5%, 53.8%, and 52.3%, while Al2O3 is 14.3%, 15.1%, and 14.6%, and Fe2O3 is 5.08%, 5.27%, and 5.07% respectively. The sum of three primary oxide constituents surpasses the 70% ASTM C618 limit for pozzolanic material Class F fly ash.","PeriodicalId":14418,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sustainable Construction Engineering and Technology","volume":"149 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136240371","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-21DOI: 10.30880/ijscet.2023.14.03.010
Khalid Abdulla Ibrahim Almansoori, Ahmad Nur Aizat Ahmad
Investigating leadership style, organisational performance, and national culture indicators in Abu Dhabi, the smart-government capital of the UAE was carried out through quantitative method of research. Total 274 valid data samples were gathered and analysed with SPSS software to perform descriptive assessment. Reliability test revealed that all the indicators have Cronbach Alpha value above 0.7 confirming the validity of the data. Skeweness and Kutosis values of the parameters showed that the data follows normal distribution. Employee morale and satisfaction were cited as the most critical parameters for gauging organisational performance, while the study found that personal steadiness and stability is the most desired parameters of national culture. All four of the leadership styles that were studied were deemed significant. Based on responses, "my supervisor makes others feel good to be around him/her" is the most important aspect of a transformational leader, while "my supervisor tells others what to do if they want to be rewarded for their work" is the most important aspect of a transactional leader. Among the parameters studied, "As a rule, my supervisor allows me to appraise my own work" ranked highest in accordance with Laissez Faire Leadership, while "Do you agree that the Authoritative leadership style employed by your supervisor contributes to your feelings of insecurity in your work and the need for clear direction?" ranked highest in accordance with Authoritative Leadership. These finding pointed out that the designed parameters can be used for further study related to national culture, organizational performance and leadership styles adopted in UAE in relation with Smart government.
{"title":"Ranking of Leadership Styles and National Culture Factors Affecting Smart Government Organizational Performance","authors":"Khalid Abdulla Ibrahim Almansoori, Ahmad Nur Aizat Ahmad","doi":"10.30880/ijscet.2023.14.03.010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30880/ijscet.2023.14.03.010","url":null,"abstract":"Investigating leadership style, organisational performance, and national culture indicators in Abu Dhabi, the smart-government capital of the UAE was carried out through quantitative method of research. Total 274 valid data samples were gathered and analysed with SPSS software to perform descriptive assessment. Reliability test revealed that all the indicators have Cronbach Alpha value above 0.7 confirming the validity of the data. Skeweness and Kutosis values of the parameters showed that the data follows normal distribution. Employee morale and satisfaction were cited as the most critical parameters for gauging organisational performance, while the study found that personal steadiness and stability is the most desired parameters of national culture. All four of the leadership styles that were studied were deemed significant. Based on responses, \"my supervisor makes others feel good to be around him/her\" is the most important aspect of a transformational leader, while \"my supervisor tells others what to do if they want to be rewarded for their work\" is the most important aspect of a transactional leader. Among the parameters studied, \"As a rule, my supervisor allows me to appraise my own work\" ranked highest in accordance with Laissez Faire Leadership, while \"Do you agree that the Authoritative leadership style employed by your supervisor contributes to your feelings of insecurity in your work and the need for clear direction?\" ranked highest in accordance with Authoritative Leadership. These finding pointed out that the designed parameters can be used for further study related to national culture, organizational performance and leadership styles adopted in UAE in relation with Smart government.","PeriodicalId":14418,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sustainable Construction Engineering and Technology","volume":"96 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136240373","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-21DOI: 10.30880/ijscet.2023.14.03.026
Nor Suzila Lop, Kharizam Ismail
Public Private Partnership (PPP) is conceptualised as a performance-based procurement in which concessionaires are contracted to provide efficient facilities and services to the government. The quality of the facilities and services provided by the concessionaires will be assessed using key performance indicators (KPIs). This is for determining the level of performance against the agreed level of standards as expected by the government. However, most of the PPP projects are currently facing the difficulties in meeting the expectation. It is due to several issues such as lack of methods for measuring the KPIs, the lack of understanding of the KPI implementation, project performance not reflecting the actual performance (physical) on site, the absence of a weightage system on KPIs, and inconsistent of works performance. These shortcomings have led to the difficulty in determining the performance level of the PPP projects. Therefore, this research aims to identify the important criteria for selecting KPIs for PPP project and to determine the implications on the absence of important criteria in selecting PPP project KPIs. Empirical research using case studies via semi-structured interviews technique were conducted within PPP stakeholders. The important criteria were determined from the data obtained from thirty-two (32) semi-structured interviews conducted across six (6) case studies. The results indicate 11 important criteria to be considered when establishing the KPIs for PPP projects. The findings of this research may benefit practitioners in setting the criteria in selecting appropriate KPIs for the implementation of PPP project during operational and maintenance phase.
{"title":"Criteria in Selecting Key Performance Indicators for Public Private Partnership (PPP) Projects","authors":"Nor Suzila Lop, Kharizam Ismail","doi":"10.30880/ijscet.2023.14.03.026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30880/ijscet.2023.14.03.026","url":null,"abstract":"Public Private Partnership (PPP) is conceptualised as a performance-based procurement in which concessionaires are contracted to provide efficient facilities and services to the government. The quality of the facilities and services provided by the concessionaires will be assessed using key performance indicators (KPIs). This is for determining the level of performance against the agreed level of standards as expected by the government. However, most of the PPP projects are currently facing the difficulties in meeting the expectation. It is due to several issues such as lack of methods for measuring the KPIs, the lack of understanding of the KPI implementation, project performance not reflecting the actual performance (physical) on site, the absence of a weightage system on KPIs, and inconsistent of works performance. These shortcomings have led to the difficulty in determining the performance level of the PPP projects. Therefore, this research aims to identify the important criteria for selecting KPIs for PPP project and to determine the implications on the absence of important criteria in selecting PPP project KPIs. Empirical research using case studies via semi-structured interviews technique were conducted within PPP stakeholders. The important criteria were determined from the data obtained from thirty-two (32) semi-structured interviews conducted across six (6) case studies. The results indicate 11 important criteria to be considered when establishing the KPIs for PPP projects. The findings of this research may benefit practitioners in setting the criteria in selecting appropriate KPIs for the implementation of PPP project during operational and maintenance phase.","PeriodicalId":14418,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sustainable Construction Engineering and Technology","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136240545","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-21DOI: 10.30880/ijscet.2023.14.03.033
Khalid Abdulla Ibrahim Almansoori, Ahmad Nur Aizat Ahmad
This study presents persuasive evidence that national culture acts as a mediator in the relationship between leadership style and organisational performance in the context of UAE Smart Government. By investigating these links, the study emphasises the importance of taking cultural aspects into account when evaluating the impact of leadership on organisational outcomes in the context of smart governance. Data collected through questionnaire survey was used to develop a PLS-SEM mediation model in SmartPLS software. The modelling analysis found that national culture partially mediates the leadership styles with the organisational performance. It further found that Abu Dhabi's smart government had low worker productivity requirements and lacked a strong national culture. Leadership has a major and positive impact on the organization's national culture. As a result, it is acceptable to claim that leadership style has a substantial impact on organisational procedures. According to studies, there is a link between national culture and organisational performance. The findings indicate a connection between leadership styles and the nation's commitment, cohesion, and mission. This implies that an organisational culture in which employees participate in important organisational decisions, that is consistent in its workplace practises, and that is motivated by a clear mission, ultimately affects the organisational performances of employees in such organisations.
{"title":"Assessing Mediating Effect of National Culture on the Relationship of Leadership Style with UAE Smart Government Organizational Performance","authors":"Khalid Abdulla Ibrahim Almansoori, Ahmad Nur Aizat Ahmad","doi":"10.30880/ijscet.2023.14.03.033","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30880/ijscet.2023.14.03.033","url":null,"abstract":"This study presents persuasive evidence that national culture acts as a mediator in the relationship between leadership style and organisational performance in the context of UAE Smart Government. By investigating these links, the study emphasises the importance of taking cultural aspects into account when evaluating the impact of leadership on organisational outcomes in the context of smart governance. Data collected through questionnaire survey was used to develop a PLS-SEM mediation model in SmartPLS software. The modelling analysis found that national culture partially mediates the leadership styles with the organisational performance. It further found that Abu Dhabi's smart government had low worker productivity requirements and lacked a strong national culture. Leadership has a major and positive impact on the organization's national culture. As a result, it is acceptable to claim that leadership style has a substantial impact on organisational procedures. According to studies, there is a link between national culture and organisational performance. The findings indicate a connection between leadership styles and the nation's commitment, cohesion, and mission. This implies that an organisational culture in which employees participate in important organisational decisions, that is consistent in its workplace practises, and that is motivated by a clear mission, ultimately affects the organisational performances of employees in such organisations.","PeriodicalId":14418,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sustainable Construction Engineering and Technology","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136240365","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-21DOI: 10.30880/ijscet.2023.14.03.021
Mohamed Abdulla Al Mansoori, Ahmad Nur Aizat
Assessing employee training as a mediator on the relationship between employees' empowerment and organizational performance offering insights for effective training interventions to further enhance employee empowerment and overall organizational success. Hence, this paper discusses a study on assessing a mediation effect of employee training which act as mediator to the relationship between the employee empowerment constructs with organisational performance construct. Data used to develop this mediation model was from 115 employees of UAE Federal National Council Organization. The model was developed and assessed in SmartPLS software using the concept of PLS-SEM technique of model development. The model was assessed in three processes which are the PLS Algorithm; Blindfolding and Bootstrapping. The results of mediating modelling assessments found that there is no evidence of mediation effect of Employee Training on the relationships of Meaning and Organization Performance and also, between Competence and Organization Performance. However, there is a partial mediation effect of Employee Training on the relationship between Impact and Organization Performance, indicating that Employee Training partially mediates the relationship between Impact and Organization Performance. Additionally, Employee Training fully mediating the relationship between Self-determination and Organization Performance. The table provides insights into the complex relationships within the model, clarifying the role of mediation in explaining the associations between variables. The findings from this study contributes knowledge on the mediation model of employees’ empowerment on organisational performance.
{"title":"Evaluating the Mediating Effect of Employee Training on the Link between Employee Empowerment and Organizational Performance","authors":"Mohamed Abdulla Al Mansoori, Ahmad Nur Aizat","doi":"10.30880/ijscet.2023.14.03.021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30880/ijscet.2023.14.03.021","url":null,"abstract":"Assessing employee training as a mediator on the relationship between employees' empowerment and organizational performance offering insights for effective training interventions to further enhance employee empowerment and overall organizational success. Hence, this paper discusses a study on assessing a mediation effect of employee training which act as mediator to the relationship between the employee empowerment constructs with organisational performance construct. Data used to develop this mediation model was from 115 employees of UAE Federal National Council Organization. The model was developed and assessed in SmartPLS software using the concept of PLS-SEM technique of model development. The model was assessed in three processes which are the PLS Algorithm; Blindfolding and Bootstrapping. The results of mediating modelling assessments found that there is no evidence of mediation effect of Employee Training on the relationships of Meaning and Organization Performance and also, between Competence and Organization Performance. However, there is a partial mediation effect of Employee Training on the relationship between Impact and Organization Performance, indicating that Employee Training partially mediates the relationship between Impact and Organization Performance. Additionally, Employee Training fully mediating the relationship between Self-determination and Organization Performance. The table provides insights into the complex relationships within the model, clarifying the role of mediation in explaining the associations between variables. The findings from this study contributes knowledge on the mediation model of employees’ empowerment on organisational performance.","PeriodicalId":14418,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sustainable Construction Engineering and Technology","volume":"86 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136240375","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-21DOI: 10.30880/ijscet.2023.14.03.034
Izyan Hakimah Kamar Supardi, Nazirah Mohamad Abdullah, Badrul Hisham Bin Ismail, Astina Tugi, Yusuf D. Opaluwa
Water quality index (WQI) and Geographic Information Systems (GIS) play a critical role in managing and modelling a variety of water resource issues, including urban drainage, point and non-point source pollution. Historically, the evaluation of water quality has been a domain reserved for experts, necessitating laborious and time-consuming in situ sampling and laboratory analysis. However, the integration of WQI and GIS has democratized this information, making it accessible to non-experts, thereby enhancing the comprehension of Klang River's water quality. The objective is to employ WQI and GIS to create comprehensive water quality maps. While WQI offers a straightforward numerical evaluation, the incorporation of graphical data provides a nuanced understanding of river pollution. Therefore, hourly WQI data observed at every week in 2 months from October to November 2021 over four stations (Kampung Medan, Kampung Lombong, Taman Pengkalan Batu and Jeti Sungai Udang) in Malaysia was acquired from the Selangor Maritime Gateway (SMG) website and the Malaysian National Water Quality Standard (NWQS). Adopting Inverse Distance Weighting (IDW) interpolation method, WQI parameters at unsampled locations were estimated based on values of nearby sampled points. Database was built to depict the water quality of the Klang River, particularly during the two-month monitoring. Mapping provides a clear indication of the river's water quality. The WQI mapping outcome fall between class II and class IV. The findings indicate varying water quality classes along the Klang River, revealing potential pollution sources in industrial and development areas. It was concluded from the study that the water pollution may be due to its proximity to industrial and development regions.
水质指数(WQI)和地理信息系统(GIS)在管理和模拟各种水资源问题(包括城市排水、点源和非点源污染)方面发挥着关键作用。从历史上看，水质评价一直是专家的领域，需要费力和耗时的现场采样和实验室分析。然而，WQI和GIS的整合使这些信息大众化，使非专家也可以访问，从而提高了对巴生河水质的了解。目的是利用水质指数和地理信息系统来制作全面的水质地图。虽然WQI提供了一个简单的数值评估，但结合图形数据提供了对河流污染的细致了解。因此，从2021年10月至11月，马来西亚四个站点(Kampung Medan, Kampung Lombong, Taman Pengkalan Batu和Jeti Sungai Udang)的每周每小时WQI数据从雪兰莪海事门户(SMG)网站和马来西亚国家水质标准(NWQS)获得。采用逆距离加权(IDW)插值方法，根据附近采样点的值估计未采样点的WQI参数。建立了一个数据库来描述巴生河的水质，特别是在两个月的监测期间。地图清晰地显示了这条河的水质。WQI绘图结果介于II级和IV级之间。研究结果显示巴生河沿岸的水质等级不同，揭示了工业和开发区的潜在污染源。从研究中得出的结论是，水污染可能是由于邻近工业和开发区。
{"title":"Generating Water Quality Maps of Klang River Based on Geographic Information System (GIS) and Water Quality Index (WQI)","authors":"Izyan Hakimah Kamar Supardi, Nazirah Mohamad Abdullah, Badrul Hisham Bin Ismail, Astina Tugi, Yusuf D. Opaluwa","doi":"10.30880/ijscet.2023.14.03.034","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30880/ijscet.2023.14.03.034","url":null,"abstract":"Water quality index (WQI) and Geographic Information Systems (GIS) play a critical role in managing and modelling a variety of water resource issues, including urban drainage, point and non-point source pollution. Historically, the evaluation of water quality has been a domain reserved for experts, necessitating laborious and time-consuming in situ sampling and laboratory analysis. However, the integration of WQI and GIS has democratized this information, making it accessible to non-experts, thereby enhancing the comprehension of Klang River's water quality. The objective is to employ WQI and GIS to create comprehensive water quality maps. While WQI offers a straightforward numerical evaluation, the incorporation of graphical data provides a nuanced understanding of river pollution. Therefore, hourly WQI data observed at every week in 2 months from October to November 2021 over four stations (Kampung Medan, Kampung Lombong, Taman Pengkalan Batu and Jeti Sungai Udang) in Malaysia was acquired from the Selangor Maritime Gateway (SMG) website and the Malaysian National Water Quality Standard (NWQS). Adopting Inverse Distance Weighting (IDW) interpolation method, WQI parameters at unsampled locations were estimated based on values of nearby sampled points. Database was built to depict the water quality of the Klang River, particularly during the two-month monitoring. Mapping provides a clear indication of the river's water quality. The WQI mapping outcome fall between class II and class IV. The findings indicate varying water quality classes along the Klang River, revealing potential pollution sources in industrial and development areas. It was concluded from the study that the water pollution may be due to its proximity to industrial and development regions.","PeriodicalId":14418,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sustainable Construction Engineering and Technology","volume":"56 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136240538","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Planting design plays a vital role in evaluating and enhancing landscapes by deliberately arranging and selecting plants within a given area. It encompasses various elements, including plant types, arrangement, density, colour, texture, and composition, all contributing to the visual appeal and aesthetics of green spaces, creating harmonious and visually pleasing environments. Beyond environmental sustainability, planting design also holds significance in promoting aesthetical value for certain spaces. This study focuses on exploring how different planting design approaches impact the students’ expression when perceiving quality of campus green spaces. The objectives are to identify preferences for planting design scenes and investigate the influencing criteria. A Likert-scale questionnaire utilizing 51 planting images from Universiti Putra Malaysia is employed to collect data. The gathered preferences are analysed using IBM SPSS Statistics 23 to determine significant criteria and expression on preferences. The findings emphasize students' preferences for coherent and balance plant arrangements, naturalness with moderate density and maintenance. The implications of this study will aid campus designers in developing future landscape designs that incorporate preferred planting design characteristics.
{"title":"Planting Design Expression on Students Perceiving Campus Landscape Quality","authors":"Norizan Mt Akhir, Atikah Fukaihah Amir, Lizawati Abdullah, Deddy Kurniawan Halim","doi":"10.30880/ijscet.2023.14.03.023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30880/ijscet.2023.14.03.023","url":null,"abstract":"Planting design plays a vital role in evaluating and enhancing landscapes by deliberately arranging and selecting plants within a given area. It encompasses various elements, including plant types, arrangement, density, colour, texture, and composition, all contributing to the visual appeal and aesthetics of green spaces, creating harmonious and visually pleasing environments. Beyond environmental sustainability, planting design also holds significance in promoting aesthetical value for certain spaces. This study focuses on exploring how different planting design approaches impact the students’ expression when perceiving quality of campus green spaces. The objectives are to identify preferences for planting design scenes and investigate the influencing criteria. A Likert-scale questionnaire utilizing 51 planting images from Universiti Putra Malaysia is employed to collect data. The gathered preferences are analysed using IBM SPSS Statistics 23 to determine significant criteria and expression on preferences. The findings emphasize students' preferences for coherent and balance plant arrangements, naturalness with moderate density and maintenance. The implications of this study will aid campus designers in developing future landscape designs that incorporate preferred planting design characteristics.","PeriodicalId":14418,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sustainable Construction Engineering and Technology","volume":"160 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136240126","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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